Surveillance Naar Batrachochytrium Salamandrivorans in De Handel 2018
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Effects of Emerging Infectious Diseases on Amphibians: a Review of Experimental Studies
diversity Review Effects of Emerging Infectious Diseases on Amphibians: A Review of Experimental Studies Andrew R. Blaustein 1,*, Jenny Urbina 2 ID , Paul W. Snyder 1, Emily Reynolds 2 ID , Trang Dang 1 ID , Jason T. Hoverman 3 ID , Barbara Han 4 ID , Deanna H. Olson 5 ID , Catherine Searle 6 ID and Natalie M. Hambalek 1 1 Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; [email protected] (P.W.S.); [email protected] (T.D.); [email protected] (N.M.H.) 2 Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; [email protected] (J.U.); [email protected] (E.R.) 3 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; [email protected] 4 Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, NY 12545, USA; [email protected] 5 US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; [email protected] 6 Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence [email protected]; Tel.: +1-541-737-5356 Received: 25 May 2018; Accepted: 27 July 2018; Published: 4 August 2018 Abstract: Numerous factors are contributing to the loss of biodiversity. These include complex effects of multiple abiotic and biotic stressors that may drive population losses. These losses are especially illustrated by amphibians, whose populations are declining worldwide. The causes of amphibian population declines are multifaceted and context-dependent. One major factor affecting amphibian populations is emerging infectious disease. Several pathogens and their associated diseases are especially significant contributors to amphibian population declines. -
3 Translation from Norwegian Regulation on the Import
Translation from Norwegian Regulation on the import, export, re-export and transfer or possession of threatened species of wild flora and fauna (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, CITES) Commended by Royal Decree of xx xx 2016 on the authority of the Act of 19 June 2009 no. 100 relating to the Management of Nature Diversity, section 26; the Act of 15 June 2001 no. 79 relating to Environmental Protection on Svalbard, section 26, second paragraph: and the Act of 27 February 1930 no. 2 relating to Jan Mayen, section 2, third paragraph. Commended by Ministry of Climate and Environment. Chapter 1 - Purpose and scope 1. Purpose The purpose of this Regulation is to conserve natural wild species which are, or may become, threatened with extinction as the result of trade. 2. Objective scope This Regulation concerns the import, export and re-export of specimens, alive or dead, of animal and plant species cited in Annex 1. Re-export shall mean export of any specimen that has previously been introduced into the Regulation area. This Regulation also concerns domestic transfer and possession of specimens, alive or dead, of animal and plant species cited in Annex 1. The first and second subparagraphs also concern parts of products that are prepared from or declared as prepared from such species. Hunting trophies are also considered to be dead specimens/ products. Hunting trophy means the whole or recognisable parts of animals, either raw, processed or produced. The first, second and third subparagraphs also concern hybrids. Hybrid means the re-crossing of specimens of species regulated under CITES as far back as the fourth generation, with specimens of species not regulated under CITES. -
The Spemann Organizer Meets the Anterior‐
The Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists Develop. Growth Differ. (2015) 57, 218–231 doi: 10.1111/dgd.12200 Original Article The Spemann organizer meets the anterior-most neuroectoderm at the equator of early gastrulae in amphibian species Takanori Yanagi,1,2† Kenta Ito,1,2† Akiha Nishihara,1† Reika Minamino,1,2 Shoko Mori,1 Masayuki Sumida3 and Chikara Hashimoto1,2* 1JT Biohistory Research Hall, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, 2Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, and 3Institute for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan The dorsal blastopore lip (known as the Spemann organizer) is important for making the body plan in amphibian gastrulation. The organizer is believed to involute inward and migrate animally to make physical contact with the prospective head neuroectoderm at the blastocoel roof of mid- to late-gastrula. However, we found that this physical contact was already established at the equatorial region of very early gastrula in a wide variety of amphibian species. Here we propose a unified model of amphibian gastrulation movement. In the model, the organizer is present at the blastocoel roof of blastulae, moves vegetally to locate at the region that lies from the blastocoel floor to the dorsal lip at the onset of gastrulation. The organizer located at the blastocoel floor con- tributes to the anterior axial mesoderm including the prechordal plate, and the organizer at the dorsal lip ends up as the posterior axial mesoderm. During the early step of gastrulation, the anterior organizer moves to estab- lish the physical contact with the prospective neuroectoderm through the “subduction and zippering” move- ments. -
Summary Report of Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5
Summary Report of Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5 Summary Report of Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 5 Prepared by: Amy J. Benson, Colette C. Jacono, Pam L. Fuller, Elizabeth R. McKercher, U.S. Geological Survey 7920 NW 71st Street Gainesville, Florida 32653 and Myriah M. Richerson Johnson Controls World Services, Inc. 7315 North Atlantic Avenue Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4401 North Fairfax Drive Arlington, VA 22203 29 February 2004 Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………... ...1 Aquatic Macrophytes ………………………………………………………………….. ... 2 Submersed Plants ………...………………………………………………........... 7 Emergent Plants ………………………………………………………….......... 13 Floating Plants ………………………………………………………………..... 24 Fishes ...…………….…………………………………………………………………..... 29 Invertebrates…………………………………………………………………………...... 56 Mollusks …………………………………………………………………………. 57 Bivalves …………….………………………………………………........ 57 Gastropods ……………………………………………………………... 63 Nudibranchs ………………………………………………………......... 68 Crustaceans …………………………………………………………………..... 69 Amphipods …………………………………………………………….... 69 Cladocerans …………………………………………………………..... 70 Copepods ……………………………………………………………….. 71 Crabs …………………………………………………………………...... 72 Crayfish ………………………………………………………………….. 73 Isopods ………………………………………………………………...... 75 Shrimp ………………………………………………………………….... 75 Amphibians and Reptiles …………………………………………………………….. 76 Amphibians ……………………………………………………………….......... 81 Toads and Frogs -
New Host Records for Lernaea Cyprinacea (Copepoda), a Parasite of Freshwater Fishes, with a Checklist of the Lernaeidae in Japan (1915-2007)
J. Grad. Sch. Biosp. Sci. Hiroshima Univ. (2007), 46：21～33 New Host Records for Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda), a Parasite of Freshwater Fishes, with a Checklist of the Lernaeidae in Japan (1915-2007) Kazuya Nagasawa, Akiko Inoue, Su Myat and Tetsuya Umino Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan Abstract The lernaeid copepod Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758, was found attached to three species of freshwater fishes, the barbell steed Hemibarbus labeo (Pallas) (Cyprinidae), the dark chub Zacco temminckii (Temminck and Schlegel) (Cyprinidae), and the Amur catfish Silurus asotus Linnaeus (Siluridae) from Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan. The findings from Hemibarbus labeo and Zacco temminckii represent new host records for L. cyprinacea, while Silurus asotus is a new host in Japan. Based on the literature published for 93 years from 1915 to 2007, a checklist of three species of lernaeid copepods (Lernaea cyprinacea, Lernaea parasiluri, Lamproglena chinensis) from Japan is given, including information on the synonym(s), host(s), site(s) of infection, and distribution. The checklist shows that in Japan L. cyprinacea has been reported from 33 or 34 species and subspecies of fishes belonging to 17 families in 10 orders and also from 2 species of amphibians from 2 families in 2 orders. Key words: Lamproglena chinensis; Lernaea cyprinacea; Lernaea parasiluri; Lernaeidae; parasites; new hosts INTRODUCTION The lernaeid copepod Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758, often called the anchor worm, is a parasite of freshwater fishes in various regions of the world (Kabata, 1979; Lester and Hayward, 2006). The anterior part of the body of metamorphosed adult female is embedded in the host tissue, whereas the remaining body protrudes in the water. -
Potential Concerns with Analytical Methods Used for the Detection of Batrachochytrium Salamandrivorans from Archived DNA of Amphibian Swab Samples, Oregon, USA
352 AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE DISEASES Herpetological Review, 2017, 48(2), 352–355. © 2017 by Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Potential Concerns with Analytical Methods Used for the Detection of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans from Archived DNA of Amphibian Swab Samples, Oregon, USA As amphibians are among the most threatened groups at least three Asian salamander species commonly found in of vertebrates on the planet (Daszak et al. 2000; Wake and international trade (e.g., Japanese Fire-bellied Newt [Cynops Vredenburg 2008; Hoffmann et al. 2010), rapid responses pyrrhogaster], Chuxiong Fire-bellied Newt [Cynops cyanurus], have been developed to characterize threats such as emerging and Tam Dao Salamander [Paramesotriton deloustali]) elevated infectious diseases (e.g., emergency management techniques, concerns for inadvertent human-mediated range expansion and formulated research methods, and disease surveillance) (Olson subsequent exposure to naïve amphibian hosts, i.e., those with et al. 2013; Alroy 2015; Yap et al. 2015). Chytridiomycosis no acquired immunity (Martel et al. 2014; Grant 2015; Gray et al. is an amphibian disease caused by the fungal pathogens 2015). Bsal has been suggested to be of Asian origin (Martel et Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) (Rosenblum et al. al. 2013; Martel et al. 2014), but has yet to be detected in large- 2010) and the more recently described Batrachochytrium scale surveys across China in wild and captive amphibians, or salamandrivorans (Bsal) (Martel et al. 2013). Bsal is implicated in museum specimens (Zhu 2014). Discovery of Bsal in a captive in salamander die-off events in Europe (Martel et al. 2013) and salamander collection in the United Kingdom, and associated was found to be lethal to multiple Western Palearctic salamander mortality, further raised concerns for trade-mediated disease species in a laboratory challenge experiment (Martel et al. -
Current Knowledge of Ghrelin in Amphibians
2017, 64 (Suppl.), S15-S19 Current knowledge of ghrelin in amphibians Hiroyuki Kaiya1), Kenji Kangawa2) and Mikiya Miyazato1) 1) Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita 565-8565, Japan 2) National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita 565-8565, Japan Abstract. We are exploring physiological importance of the ghrelin system in vertebrates. This review summarizes current knowledge of the ghrelin system in amphibians. Our study on ghrelin precursor in various amphibians revealed that the third amino acid with acyl modification has changed to threonine (Thr-3) instead of serine (Ser-3) only in the genus, Rana. Functional analyses of the ghrelin receptor in three species of amphibians, Japanese fire belly newt, American bullfrog and Japanese tree frog revealed that ghrelin and GHS-R1a agonists increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration in HEK293 cells expressing each receptor, and that ligand selectivity of ghrelin with Ser-3 and Thr-3 that expected to see in the bullfrog receptor was not found in the two frog receptors, but in the newt receptor. The brain, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and gonad highly express GHS-R1a mRNA. In frogs and newt, fasting did not increase GHS-R1a mRNA expression in the brain, but in the stomach. However, intraperitoneal (IP) injection of ghrelin did not affect food intake. A dehydration treatment increased GHS-R1a mRNA expression in the brain, stomach and ventral skin in the tree frog. However, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ghrelin did not affect water absorption. Ghrelin did not influence gastrointestinal motility in in vitro studies using smooth muscle strips of the bullfrog and newt in vitro. -
SALAMANDER CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS Other Names: Salamander Chytrid Disease, B Sal
SALAMANDER CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS Other names: salamander chytrid disease, B sal CAUSE Salamander chytridiomycosis is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. The fungus is a close relative of B. dendrobatidis, which was described more than two decades ago and is responsible for the decline or extinction of over 200 species of frogs and toads. Salamander chytridiomycosis, and the fungus that causes it, were only recently discovered. The first cases occurred in The Netherlands, as outbreaks in native fire salamanders, Salamandra salamandra. Further work discovered that the fungus is present in Thailand, Vietnam and Japan, and can infect native Eastern Asian salamanders without causing significant disease. Evidence suggests that the fungus was introduced to Europe in the last decade or so, probably through imported exotic salamanders that can act as carriers. Once introduced the fungus is capable of surviving in the environment, amongst the leaf litter and in small water bodies, even in the absence of salamanders. It thrives at temperatures between 10-15°C, with some growth in temperatures as low as 5°C and death at 25°C. B. salamandrivorans has not, so far, been reported in North America. SIGNIFICANCE The disease is not present in North America, but an introduction of the fungus into native salamander populations could have devastating effects. In Europe, the fire salamander population where the disease was first discovered is at the brink of extirpation, with over 96% mortality recorded during outbreaks. Little is known about the susceptibility of most North American salamanders but, based on experimental trials, at least two species, the Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) and the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa), are highly susceptible to the fungus and could experience similar high mortalities. -
Cop18 Prop. 40
Original language: English CoP18 Prop. 40 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Eighteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Colombo (Sri Lanka), 23 May – 3 June 2019 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Inclusion of all species of the genus Paramesotriton endemic to the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and People’s Republic of China in Appendix II of CITES, with the exception of P. hongkongensis which has already been included in CITES Appendix II at CoP17. This proposed inclusion is in accordance with Article II paragraph 2(a) of the Convention, satisfying the respective criteria of Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP17), as follows: Annex 2 a: - criterion A, on the grounds that trade in the species P. caudopunctatus, P. fuzhongensis and P. guangxiensis must be regulated to prevent them to become eligible for listing in Appendix I in the near future; - criterion B to ensure that the harvest of wild individuals of the species P. labiatus and P. yunwuensis is not reducing the wild population to a level at which their survival might be threatened; Annex 2 b: - criterion A, since individuals of the species P. aurantius, P. caudopunctatus, P. fuzhongensis, P. guangxiensis, P. labiatus, P maolanensis, P. yunwuensis, P. zhijinensis are commercially exploited and eligible to be listed in Appendix II, and resemble those species of the remaining genus Paramesotriton (P. chinensis, P. deloustali, P. longliensis, P. qixilingensis, P. wulingensis), including P. hongkongensis already included in Appendix II and it is unlikely that government officers responsible for trade monitoring will be able to distinguish between them. -
Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Evolutionary Analysis of Leptin
Open Life Sci. 2017; 12: 406–417 Research Article Hai-feng Tian, Qiao-mu Hu, Yan Meng, Han-bing Xiao* Molecular cloning, characterization and evolutionary analysis of leptin gene in Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2017-0048 Received March 30, 2017; accepted May 15, 2017 1 Introduction Abstract: Leptin is an important hormone possessing Leptin, the protein product of the obese (ob or Lep) gene, diverse physiological roles in mammals and teleosts. was first cloned in ob/ob mice [1], and then was identified However, it has been characterized only in a few amphibian in human and other mammals (reviewed in [2]). Leptins species, and its evolutions are still under debate. Here, also were identified in non-mammalians, including birds the full length of the leptin (Adlep) cDNA of Chinese giant [3-5], reptiles [2], amphibians [6-8], and teleosts, the salamander (Andrias davidianus), an early diverging later generally possess duplicated leptins [8-15]. Leptin amphibian species, is characterized and according to the has been found to be responsible for the regulation of results of the primary sequence analysis, tertiary structure body weight and energy homeostasis [16,17], and it also reconstruction and phylogenetic analysis is confirmed is involved in regulating appetite, reproduction [18], the to be an ortholog of mammalian leptin. An intron was immune system [19], bone formation [20], angiogenesis identified between the coding exons of A. davidianus [21], and stress response [22,23]. leptin, which indicated that the leptin is present in the The primary amino acid sequences of leptins show low salamander genome and contains a conserved gene conservation among vertebrates. -
The Effects of Carcinogens and Irradiation on Cells and Tissues of the Eastern Red Spotted Newt (Notophthalmus Viridescens)
The Effects of Carcinogens and Irradiation on Cells and Tissues of the Eastern Red Spotted Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) Stefanie Linklater This thesis is submitted as a partial fulfillment of the M.Sc. program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine Submitted: September 13, 2011 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa © Stefanie Linklater, Ottawa, Canada 2012 ABSTRACT Newts, such as Notophthalmus viridescens, can regenerate many structures after amputation or injury and have also shown a refractory response to the formation of cancer in tissues that have regenerative capabilities. The mechanisms behind this latter ability have surprisingly not been studied. In the current study, N. viridescens were exposed to a variety of carcinogens in tissue that cannot regenerate with the intention of inducing tumour formation. After testing multiple carcinogens, multiple sites of injection, and two different modes of delivery, no tumours were generated. Consequently, in vitro assays were developed in order to better understand this ability of newt cells to evade transformation. Mouse and newt muscle cells were exposed to DNA damaging agents, such as irradiation and carcinogens, in culture and their response was monitored with respect to the DNA damage response proteins γ-H2AX, p53, and phospho-p53. These proteins are important as they help prevent mutations in the genome from being passed on to daughter cells and potentially generating cells that proliferate uncontrollably, a hallmark of cancer. Preliminary results suggest that after irradiation, γ- H2AX is present in newt cells for a considerably longer period of time in comparison to mouse cells. p53, as well as phospho-p53, appear to be present at a basal level before and after irradiation in newt cells, whereas mouse cells have a distinct increase upon damage and decrease upon repair. -
A Highperformance Protein Binder Analytical Technique
Faculty of Sciences Department of Analytical Chemistry Tryptic cleavage of proteinaceous paint: a high-performance protein binder analytical technique Doctoral dissertation to meet the requirements to take the doctoral exam Doctor of Science: Chemistry Wim Fremout Academic year 2013-2014 Supervisor: Prof Dr Luc Moens Co-supervisor: Prof Dr Peter Vandenabeele Co-supervisor: Dr Steven Saverwyns Co-supervisor: Dr Jana Sanyova Cover: chicken ovalbumin on canvas. It represents the fusion of the (often considered incompatible) artistic and (bio)analytical worlds; the boundary that was explored in this doctoral dissertation. Ovalbumin is the main protein in egg white, an ingredient of many historical paint recipes and as such a frequently encountered analyte. The photograph of the canvas and the 3D structure of ovalbumin are public domain. Members of the jury Prof Dr Frank Vanhaecke Ghent University, faculty of Sciences, department of Analytical Chemistry Chairman Prof Dr Luc Moens Ghent University, faculty of Sciences, department of Analytical Chemistry Supervisor Prof Dr Peter Vandenabeele Ghent University, faculty of Arts and Philosophy, department of archaeology Co-supervisor Dr Steven Saverwyns Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, Laboratory department Co-supervisor Dr Jana Sanyova Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, Laboratory department Co-supervisor Dr Eleni Kouloumpi National Gallery & Alexandros Soutzos Museum (Athens, Greece), laboratory of Physicochemical Research Dr Stepanka Kuckova Institute of Chemical Technology (Prague,