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Master Thesis (4.479Mb) An ethnographic study of the digital life of urban, Ghanaian youth. Maria Bakke Ulvesæter Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of M.A. degree in the Department of Social Anthropology University of Bergen Spring 2018 i Abstract Smartphones are becoming ever more popular, and common, in Ghana, especially among urban youth. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the spring of 2015, this thesis analyses the digital life of young adults in Ghana. The first three chapters deal mainly with the context of Ghana and Accra; They introduce both the physical and the digital field sites, and the informants are introduced to the reader. They also outline the economic situation of young Ghanaians, and deal with methodological challenges. The next three chapters deal with three different social media; Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. These are all examined mainly through case studies. We will explore how one performs, exhibits, and curates the self on social media. Additionally, social networking sites are digital spaces where one forms connections to others, and where one can establish a belongingness to particular groups. In this thesis this will be examined through topics ranging from football to power cuts. Information and communication technology (ICT) research is often carried out with the implicit assumption that Europe and North America are the norm, and if other places are mentioned at all, it is often assumed that they will follow what happens in ‘the West’. This thesis is an attempt to rather centre Africa in ICT research. By focusing on topics such as normativity and appropriation, and by employing a broad range of ethnography, my hope is that the reader will gain a profound understanding of urban life in Ghana, and how ICTs are significant in young adult’ lives. ii Table of Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................... ii List of figures ................................................................................................................. v Glossary ......................................................................................................................... vi MapsAcknowledgments ............................................................................................... vii Chapter 1 ........................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter outline:........................................................................................................... 9 A note on anonymity; ............................................................................................... 10 Chapter 2 ...................................................................................................................... 11 Life in Faaku; background and method ........................................................................ 11 Settling in ‘the field’ ................................................................................................. 11 Introducing my informants ....................................................................................... 17 The Husband arrives – Spouses in the field .............................................................. 22 The digital field site .................................................................................................. 24 The talking drums of today? ..................................................................................... 29 Summary ................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 3 ...................................................................................................................... 33 How to “drop that yam”? Economic challenges for Ghanaian youth .......................... 33 To ask or not to ask? ................................................................................................. 34 Losing a phone, gaining a phone .............................................................................. 36 Sponsors .................................................................................................................... 39 Summary ................................................................................................................... 43 Chapter 4 ...................................................................................................................... 45 Facebook; connectivity and curation ............................................................................ 45 Curating the self ........................................................................................................ 45 A first meeting with Facebook.................................................................................. 45 iii Choosing who to be .................................................................................................. 48 Friends ...................................................................................................................... 49 “What’s on your mind?” ........................................................................................... 58 Florence; the Facebook sceptic ................................................................................. 62 “She has grown ooo!” ............................................................................................... 64 Exhibiting a true self ................................................................................................. 65 Summary ................................................................................................................... 67 Chapter 5 ...................................................................................................................... 69 Belonging in a world of strangers; navigating social relations in the digital world ..... 69 Twitter ....................................................................................................................... 70 ASL? ......................................................................................................................... 73 Football ..................................................................................................................... 80 Playing the odds .................................................................................................... 82 Being part of the team ........................................................................................... 84 Dumsor must stop! .................................................................................................... 90 Summary ................................................................................................................... 97 Chapter 6 ...................................................................................................................... 99 WhatsApp, and the adventures of the pasco police ...................................................... 99 Summary ................................................................................................................. 108 Chapter 7 .................................................................................................................... 109 Concluding remarks.................................................................................................... 109 List of references ........................................................................................................ 114 Web Pages............................................................................................................... 120 iv List of figures Figure 1 Map of Ghana.............................................................................................................. vii Figure 2 Map of Accra. ........................................................................................................... viii Figure 3 Drop that yam! ............................................................................................................. 1 Figure 4 "Dream Car" ................................................................................................................. 3 Figure 5 View of the House from the courtyard. ...................................................................... 13 Figure 6 MTN billboards in Kumasi ........................................................................................ 26 Figure 7 Screenshot of a new Facebook profile . ..................................................................... 50 Figure 8 Screenshot of 'birthday post' on Shuri's profile. ....................................................... 57 Figure 9: A screenshot of the author’s twitter profile .............................................................. 71 Figure 10: A graph .................................................................................................................... 72 Figure 11 Hashtag games ........................................................................................................ 76 Figure 12 Blogging Ghana inviting to a meeting ..................................................................... 78 Figure 13 Boys abr3 ................................................................................................................ 79 Figure 14 Playing football .......................................................................................................
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