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The Boundaries of Nationality in Mid-18Th Century Nova Scotia*
GEOFFREY PLANK The Two Majors Cope: The Boundaries of Nationality in Mid-18th Century Nova Scotia* THE 1750S BEGAN OMINOUSLY IN Nova Scotia. In the spring of 1750 a company of French soldiers constructed a fort in a disputed border region on the northern side of the isthmus of Chignecto. The British built a semi-permanent camp only a few hundred yards away. The two armies faced each other nervously, close enough to smell each other's food. In 1754 a similar situation near the Ohio River led to an imperial war. But the empires were not yet ready for war in 1750, and the stand-off at Chignecto lasted five years. i In the early months of the crisis an incident occurred which illustrates many of *' the problems I want to discuss in this essay. On an autumn day in 1750, someone (the identity of this person remains in dispute) approached the British fort waving a white flag. The person wore a powdered wig and the uniform of a French officer. He carried a sword in a sheath by his side. Captain Edward Howe, the commander of the British garrison, responded to the white flag as an invitation to negotiations and went out to greet the man. Then someone, either the man with the flag or a person behind him, shot and killed Captain Howe. According to three near-contemporary accounts of these events, the man in the officer's uniform was not a Frenchman but a Micmac warrior in disguise. He put on the powdered wig and uniform in order to lure Howe out of his fort. -
'-Sp-Sl'-' University Dottawa Ecole Des Gradues
001175 ! / / -/ '-SP-SL'-' UNIVERSITY DOTTAWA ECOLE DES GRADUES JOSEPH DUBUC ROLE AND VIEWS OF A FRENCH CANADIAN IN MANITOBA l870-191l+ by Sister Maureen of the Sacred Heart, S.N.J.M. (M.M. McAlduff) Thesis presented to the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ottawa through the Department of History as partial ful fillment of the requirewents for the degree of Master of Arts ,<^S3F>a^ . LIBRARIES » Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1966 UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES UMI Number: EC55664 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform EC55664 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 UNIVERSITE D'OTTAWA ECOLE DES GRADUES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was prepared under the guidance of Dr. Alfred Vanasse of the Department of History. The writer wishes to thank him for his helpful direction, doubly appreciated since it had to be given entirely by mail. The writer also expresses gratitude to Archivist Hartwell Bowsfield and Assistant Archivist Regis Bennett of the Provincial Archives of Manitoba; to the Chancery staff of the Archiepiscopal Archives of St. -
10-2 157410 Volumes 1-7 Open FA 10-2
10-2_157410_volumes_1-7_open FA 10-2 RG Volume Reel no. Title / Titre Dates no. / No. / No. de de bobine volume RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Copy made of a surrender from the Six Nations to Caleb Benton, John Livingston and 1796-05-27 Associates, entered into 9 July 1788 RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Copy made of a surrender from the Six Nations to Caleb Benton, John Livingston and 1796-08-31 Associates, entered into 9 July 1788 RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Copy made of a surrender from the Six Nations to Caleb Benton, John Livingston and 1796-11-17 Associates, entered into 9 July 1788 RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Copy made of a surrender from the Six Nations to Caleb Benton, John Livingston and 1796-12-28 Associates, entered into 9 July 1788 RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 William Dummer Powell to Peter Russell respecting Joseph Brant 1797-01-05 RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Robert Prescott to Peter Russell respecting the Indian Department - Enclosed: Copy of Duke of 1797-04-26 Portland to Prescott, 13 December 1796, stating that the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada will head the Indian Department, but that the Department will continue to be paid from the military chest - Enclosed: Copy of additional instructions to Lieutenant Governor U.C., 15 December 1796, respecting the Indian Department - Enclosed: Extract, Duke of Portland to Prescott, 13 December 1796, respecting Indian Department in U.C. RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Robert Prescott to Peter Russell sending a copy of Robert Liston's letter - Enclosed: Copy, 1797-05-18 Robert Liston to Prescott, 22 April 1797, respecting the frontier posts RG10-A-1-a -
THE SPECIAL COUNCILS of LOWER CANADA, 1838-1841 By
“LE CONSEIL SPÉCIAL EST MORT, VIVE LE CONSEIL SPÉCIAL!” THE SPECIAL COUNCILS OF LOWER CANADA, 1838-1841 by Maxime Dagenais Dissertation submitted to the School of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the PhD degree in History. Department of History Faculty of Arts Université d’Ottawa\ University of Ottawa © Maxime Dagenais, Ottawa, Canada, 2011 ii ABSTRACT “LE CONSEIL SPÉCIAL EST MORT, VIVE LE CONSEIL SPÉCIAL!” THE SPECIAL COUNCILS OF LOWER CANADA, 1838-1841 Maxime Dagenais Supervisor: University of Ottawa, 2011 Professor Peter Bischoff Although the 1837-38 Rebellions and the Union of the Canadas have received much attention from historians, the Special Council—a political body that bridged two constitutions—remains largely unexplored in comparison. This dissertation considers its time as the legislature of Lower Canada. More specifically, it examines its social, political and economic impact on the colony and its inhabitants. Based on the works of previous historians and on various primary sources, this dissertation first demonstrates that the Special Council proved to be very important to Lower Canada, but more specifically, to British merchants and Tories. After years of frustration for this group, the era of the Special Council represented what could be called a “catching up” period regarding their social, commercial and economic interests in the colony. This first section ends with an evaluation of the legacy of the Special Council, and posits the theory that the period was revolutionary as it produced several ordinances that changed the colony’s social, economic and political culture This first section will also set the stage for the most important matter considered in this dissertation as it emphasizes the Special Council’s authoritarianism. -
Constitution Et Gouvernement
CONSTITUTION ET GOUVERNEMENT. 33 GOUVERNEURS GÉNÉRAUX DE LA PUISSANCE DU CANADA ET SES ADMINISTRATEURS. 1867. Vicomte Monk. 1893. Comte d'Aberdeen. 1868. Sir Chas. A. Windham (adm.) 1893. (15 juillet) lieut.-général Alex. Mont- 1868. Sir John Young Bart (adm. ) gomery-Moore (adm.) 1869. Sir John Young (baron Lisgar de nov. 1893. (13oct.) lieut.-général Alex. Mont- 1870). gomery-Moore (adm.) 1872. Lieu t.-général sir C. Hastings Doyle 1894. (29 nov.) lieut.-général Alex. Mont- (adm.) gomery-Moore (adm.) 1872. Comte de Duffeiïn. 1897. (13fév.) lieut.-général Alex. Mont- 1874. Lieut.-gén. W. O'Grady Haly (adm. ) gomery-Moore (adm.) 1878. Gén. sir Patrick McDougall (adm.) 1897. (20 oct.) lieut.-général Alex. Mont- 1878. Sir John Campbell (Marquis de Lomé). gomery-Moore (adm.) 1881. Gén. sir Patrick McDougall (adm.) 1898. (28 juin) général lord William Sey- 1883. Marquis de Lansdowne. mour (adm. ) 1886. Gén. lord Alex. Russell (adm.) 1898. Comte de Minto. 1888. Lieut.-gén. sir John Ross (adm.) 1899. (14 oct.) général lord William Sey- 1888. Baron Stanley de Preston. mour (adm. ) 1893. Lt.-gén. Alex. Montgomery-Moore (adm.) GOUVERNEURS GÉNÉRAUX DE LA NOUVELLE-ECOSSE. (/) A PORT-ROYAL. A HALIFAX. 1603. Pierre de Monts. 1749. L'hon. E. Cornwallis. 1610. Baron de Poutrincourt. 1752. Colonel Peregïine Hopson. 1611. Charles de Biencourt. 1753. Colonel C. Lawrence. 1623. Charles de la Tour. 1760. J. Belcher (faisant fonction). 1632. Isaac de Razilly. 1763. Montagu Wilmot. 1641. Charles d'Aunay Charnisay. 1766. Lord William Campbell. 1651. Chas, de la Tour. 1773. F. Legge. 1657. Sir Thomas Temple (g) 1776. Mariot Arbuthnot. 1670. -
The Three Lives of Edward Cornwallis by John G
The Three Lives of Edward Cornwallis by John G. Reid Read before the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society 16 January 2013 or some twenty years now, a lively controversy has flourished over the reputation of the first Halifax-based Fgovernor of Nova Scotia, Edward Corn- wallis. Was Cornwallis a courageous and far-sighted founder of Halifax and builder of colonial Nova Scotia, or was he a genocidal imperialist whose chief claim to notoriety was his placement of a price on the heads of all indigenous inhabitants of Mi’kma’ki?1 Should Cornwallis continue to be distin- guished by the prominence of his statue in downtown Halifax, or should all public marks of his existence—statue, names of Figure 1. Portrait of Edward Cornwallis by Sir Joshua Reynolds, circa. 1756 places and streets—be erased? Insofar as I have made previous public comments on such issues, I have expressed concern about the application of the twentieth-century term ‘genocide’ to an eighteenth-century situation, but have applauded the action of the Halifax Regional School Board in renaming Cornwallis Junior High School and have suggested that the statue belongs in a museum with an appropriate interpretive panel rather than in its current place of public display. My focus in this essay, however, is rather different. I will offer a histori- cal portrayal of Cornwallis in three contexts. The first will be the eighteenth-century Cornwallis. What, from the viewpoint of historical analysis, is or is not significant about the Nova Scotia career, brief as it was, of this early governor? The second will be the Cornwallis of the statue. -
Self - Guided Walking Tour MANITOBA LEGISLATIVE BUILDING, GROUNDS, MEMORIAL PARK and MEMORIAL BOULEVARD
Self - Guided Walking Tour MANITOBA LEGISLATIVE BUILDING, GROUNDS, MEMORIAL PARK AND MEMORIAL BOULEVARD Page 1 The Manitoba Legislative Building The Manitoba Legislative Building is a priceless monument in the true sense of the term, since it is unlikely that it could ever be reproduced today. Construction of the neo-classical style building began in 1913, based on a collective vision to erect an imposing structure “not for present delight nor use alone… but such as our descendants will thank us for.” As the primary physical focus for Manitoba’s sense of its history and identity, it is natural that a number of statues and plaques commemorating notable people, events and historical themes are located on the grounds. With this leaflet as your guide, we invite you to take a walk through our history. A Walking Tour Through Manitoba’s History Welcome to your journey through the richness of Manitoba’s history offered by this tour of the scenic grounds of the magnificent Legislative Building. We hope that it will help you to understand the story of the development of Manitoba and to celebrate the cultural diversity which makes up Manitoba’s mosaic. Begin your journey through time by touring the statues and plaques, numerically listed in this guide. Use the map provided to locate the sites on the grounds. Your tour begins at the front of the Legislative Building and takes a counter-clockwise route around the grounds and concludes at Memorial Boulevard. (Please refer to maps on Pages 18 and 19) Page 2 Your journey begins at the Queen Victoria Statue. -
Constitution and Government 33
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT 33 GOVERNORS GENERAL OF CANADA. FRENCH. FKENCH. 1534. Jacques Cartier, Captain General. 1663. Chevalier de Saffray de Mesy. 1540. Jean Francois de la Roque, Sieur de 1665. Marquis de Tracy. (6) Roberval. 1665. Chevalier de Courcelles. 1598. Marquis de la Roche. 1672. Comte de Frontenac. 1600. Capitaine de Chauvin (Acting). 1682. Sieur de la Barre. 1603. Commandeur de Chastes. 1685. Marquis de Denonville. 1607. Pierredu Guast de Monts, Lt.-General. 1689. Comte de Frontenac. 1608. Comte de Soissons, 1st Viceroy. 1699. Chevalier de Callieres. 1612. Samuel de Champlain, Lt.-General. 1703. Marquis de Vaudreuil. 1633. ii ii 1st Gov. Gen'l. (a) 1714-16. Comte de Ramesay (Acting). 1635. Marc Antoine de Bras de fer de 1716. Marquis de Vaudreuil. Chateaufort (Administrator). 1725. Baron (1st) de Longueuil (Acting).. 1636. Chevalier de Montmagny. 1726. Marquis de Beauharnois. 1648. Chevalier d'Ailleboust de Coulonge. 1747. Comte de la Galissoniere. (c) 1651. Jean de Lauzon. 1749. Marquis de la Jonquiere. 1656. Charles de Lauzon-Charny (Admr.) 1752. Baron (2nd) de Longueuil. 1657. D'Ailleboust de Coulonge. 1752. Marquis Duquesne-de-Menneville. 1658. Vicomte de Voyer d'Argenson. j 1755. Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal. 1661. Baron Dubois d'Avaugour. ! ENGLISH. ENGLISH. 1760. General Jeffrey Amherst, (d) 1 1820. James Monk (Admin'r). 1764. General James Murray. | 1820. Sir Peregrine Maitland (Admin'r). 1766. P. E. Irving (Admin'r Acting). 1820. Earl of Dalhousie. 1766. Guy Carleton (Lt.-Gov. Acting). 1824. Lt.-Gov. Sir F. N. Burton (Admin'r). 1768. Guy Carleton. (e) 1828. Sir James Kempt (Admin'r). 1770. Lt.-Gov. -
Medicine in Manitoba
Medicine in Manitoba THE STORY OF ITS BEGINNINGS /u; ROSS MITCHELL, M.D. THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY LIBRARY FR OM THE ESTATE OF VR. E.P. SCARLETT Medic1'ne in M"nito/J" • THE STORY OF ITS BEGINNINGS By ROSS MITCHELL, M. D. .· - ' TO MY WIFE Whose counsel, encouragement and patience have made this wor~ possible . .· A c.~nowledg ments THE LATE Dr. H. H. Chown, soon after coming to Winnipeg about 1880, began to collect material concerning the early doctors of Manitoba, and many years later read a communication on this subject before the Winnipeg Medical Society. This paper has never been published, but the typescript is preserved in the medical library of the University of Manitoba and this, together with his early notebook, were made avail able by him to the present writer, who gratefully acknowledges his indebtedness. The editors of "The Beaver": Mr. Robert Watson, Mr. Douglas Mackay and Mr. Clifford Wilson have procured informa tion from the archives of the Hudson's Bay Company in London. Dr. M. T. Macfarland, registrar of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Manitoba, kindly permitted perusal of the first Register of the College. Dr. J. L. Johnston, Provincial Librarian, has never failed to be helpful, has read the manuscript and made many valuable suggestions. Mr. William Douglas, an authority on the Selkirk Settlers and on Free' masonry has given precise information regarding Alexander Cuddie, John Schultz and on the numbers of Selkirk Settlers driven out from Red River. Sheriff Colin Inkster told of Dr. Turver. Personal communications have been received from many Red River pioneers such as Archbishop S. -
Biographical Information Template
Compilation of Biographies: Members of the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia This compilation should be considered a guide only. After researching identities of the members of the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia for several months, it has become clear that it is not currently possible to supply complete biographies, free of errors or ommissions, for all of the members of the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia. It may take future researchers years to reach satisfactory conclusions as to exact biographical details for some individuals. In this compilation, where possible, links are supplied to online biographies of the members listed below. In instances where online biographies are not available, or there are questions about an individual’s identity or historical activity, additional biographical notes are supplied. ______________________________________________________________________ Contents: Andrew Graham Ballenden Bannatyne ................................................................................. 2 André Beauchemin ................................................................................................................. 3 Baptiste Beauchemin .............................................................................................................. 4 Curtis James Bird .................................................................................................................... 5 John Black .............................................................................................................................. -
The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century
The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century by Thomas Hully Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MA degree in History University of Ottawa © Thomas Hully, Ottawa, Canada, 2012 ii Abstract The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century Thomas Hully Dr. Richard Connors Submitted: May 2012 Despite considerable research on the British North American colonies and their political relationship with Britain before 1776, little is known about the administration of Nova Scotia from the perspective of Lord Halifax’s Board of Trade in London. The image that emerges from the literature is that Nova Scotia was of marginal importance to British officials, who neglected its administration. This study reintegrates Nova Scotia into the British Imperial historiography through the study of the “official mind,” to challenge this theory of neglect on three fronts: 1) civil government in Nova Scotia became an important issue during the War of the Austrian Succession; 2) The form of civil government created there after 1749 was an experiment in centralized colonial administration; 3) This experimental model of government was highly effective. This study adds nuance to our understanding of British attempts to centralize control over their overseas colonies before the American Revolution. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank the Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program for providing the funding which made this dissertation possible, as well as the University of Ottawa’s Department of History for providing me with the experience of three Teaching Assistantships. -
Irish-French Relations in Lower Canada
CCHA Historical Studies, 52(1985), 35-49 Irish-French Relations in Lower Canada Mary FINNEGAN Montreal, Que. Movements for political reform were a world-wide phenomenon in the 1820’s. On both sides of the Atlantic two British territories, Ireland and Lower Canada, fought the established political order in an effort to gain control of their own affairs. An ever-increasing number of Irish arrived in Quebec and Montreal during this period as a result of Britain’s policy of resettling her surplus population in her North American colonies. It did not take long for some of the Irish immigrants and the French Canadians to realize that a political affiliation could be mutually beneficial. The relationship was based primarily on both groups being Catholic and sharing a history of conquest by England. Catholics in Lower Canada had enjoyed relative religious freedom since 1763 as well as exemption from the penal restrictions that affected Irish Catholics, but both groups felt that their religion and nationality militated against them in the selection of government offices and appointment to positions of power. English domination of the Irish was centuries old. More than three-quarters of the Irish population was Catholic, yet, unlike Catholics in Lower Canada, the mere fact of being Catholic made them ineligible to sit in Parliament or hold any government office. Essential also was the contemporary British movement for internal constitutional reform, especially that of Catholic Emancipation. Daniel O’Connell, the Irishman in Westminster responsible for securing this victory in 1829, added the cause of oppressed Catholics in Lower Canada to his continued struggle for parliamentary reform.