DOCSLIB.ORG

This PDF Was Created from the British Library's Microfilm Copy of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This PDF Was Created from the British Library's Microfilm Copy of The IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ www.bl.uk This PDF was created from the British Library’s microfilm copy of the original thesis. As such the images are greyscale and no colour was captured. Due to the scanning process, an area greater than the page area is recorded and extraneous details can be captured. This is the best available copy TH E BRITISH LIBRARY DOCUMENT SUPPLY CENTRE TITLE k PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF THE CYNIPOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA). AUTHOR Nigel Donald MacDade FERGUSSON INSTITUTION and DATE The City o£ London Polytechnic C M. A- Attention is drawn to the fact that the copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that' no information derived from it may be published without the author’s prior written consent. THE BRITISH LIBRARY DOCUMENT SUPPLY CENTRE ~n — n - n 20 cm t. United Kkifdom REDUCTION X . K PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF THE CYNIPOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA), by Nigel Donald MacDade FERGUSSON A thesis submitted In partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Council for National Academic Awards for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. March 1990 The City of London Polytechnic In collaboration with The Natural History Museum. ABSTRACT A phylogenetic study o£ the Cynlpoldea (Hymenoptera) N.D.M. Fergusson The current classification of the Cynipoldea was subjected to compatibility analysis on the basis of the characters then employed and shown to have a very poor resolution. A comprehensive morphological investigation of 31 exemplar species was undertaken and 234 characters were found, a 450% increase over the established classification. These characters were analysed and the compatibility clique contained 135 apomorphies, 68 of which were synapomorphies. This is an increase of 600% and 300% respectively over the established data, this is a tremendous improvement in the data-base leading to a great improvement in resolution. In addition, the principal morphological character-suites were analysed independently. This technique was used to locate the weaknesses in earlier classifications and, by this method, the distortion caused by the allometric bias to wing-data was recognized. Many extralimital cynipoids were examined and a new tribe was discovered. Other forms of cladistlc analysis. Parsimony and O'Nolan weighting, were undertaken and the J^®®ults considered. After detailed analysis, a phylogeny of the Cynipoidea was reconstructed. The evolutionary biology of the Cynipoidea provided particularly strong support for the phylogenetic reconstruction. Concepts of host defence, host range, gall complexity, gall position, host switching, reproductive cycles, biogeographical distribution, plate tectonics, palaeobotany, palaeoclimatology, the origin of hyper­ parasitism and the adaptive characters associated with xylophagous hosts were all considered. All the available fossil cynipoids were examined and the evolutionary history, holophyly, and relationships of the Cynipoidea with other Hymenoptera were all discussed. Finally the phylogenetic reconstruction was used to provide the first reasoned classification for the super family. Page 2 ACKMOWLEDOBMINTS The following depositories provided Cynlpoldea on loan: American Museum of Natural History, New York; Blosystematlcs Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of scientific and Industrial Research, Auckland; Instltut fOr Pflanzenschutzforschung, Eberswalde; Muse« Royal des I'Afrlque Centrale, Tervuren; Museum fOr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Unlverslttt, Berlin; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard; Museum of Victoria, Melbourne; National Museum of Ireland, Dublin; National Museum of Natural History, Washington; National Museum of Wales, Cardiff; Naturhlstorlsches Museum, Wien; Naturhlstoriska Rlksmuseet Stockholm; Royal Ontario Museum, Ontario; University Museum, Oxford; Zoological Museum, Bergen; Zoological Museum of the University of Helsinki; Zoologlsche Sammlung des Bayerlschen Staates, Munich; Zoologlsk Museum, Copenhagen; Zoological Museum, Lund. I am pleased to record my thanks to the following people In the Natural History Museum. Dr L. Mound (Keeper of Entomology). My colleagues In the Hymenoptera Section, their talent never ceases to Impress. Mr. T. Huddleston for reading the thesis and Miss P. Gilbert for checking the references. Dr P. Eggleton for very many stimulating conversations about our respective Ph.D.'s. I am also grateful to: Dr R. Blackman, Ms. S. Barnes; Dr G. Gibson; Mr. c. Malumphy, Dr A. Menke; Mr. T. Parmlnter; Mr. J. Quinlan; Dr A. Ritchie; Dr J. Spradbery; Dr G. Stonedal A Dr L. Vet. I am particularly keen to thank my supervisors. Dr, G. Underwood and Dr I Gauld, It would be very hard to find better. Dr Underwood kindly provided "state of the art" compatibility programs, and Dr Gauld*s extensive knowledge was a great asset. Most of all, I thank my family for their support. Perhaps when my daughter can read this, she will understand why I could not always come out to play. Page 3 TABLB OF CONTENTS Abstract............................................ 2 Acknowledgements.................................... 3 Table of contents.................................. 4 List of figures.................................... 7 List of tables......................................... 15 1 INTRODUCTION C METHODS...............................17 Introduction..................................... 17 The study g r o u p .................................19 Material...................................... ... Selection of operational t a x a .................. 20 Methods......................................... 21 2 CLADISTIC THEORY.....................................24 Phylogenetic reconstruction .................. 24 Homoplasy.....................................24 Holophyly.....................................25 Cladlstlc analysis...............................25 Parsimony.....................................26 Compatibility.................................27 Choice of analytical methods.................... 28 Computer programs ............................ 29 Compatibility programs .................... 29 Character weighting...........................30 Parsimony program............................. 30 Character scoring ............................ 31 Assignment of evolutionary polarity .......... 31 3 ANALYSIS OF THE ESTABLISHED CLASSIFICATION.......... 34 Establishment of outgroups.......................34 The taxonomic- history of the Cynlpoldea .... 37 Character-states from Weld, 1952.............. 39 Analysis of Weld d a t a ...........................41 Character-states from Quinlan, 1979 ........... 47 Analysis of Quinlan data.........................50 Analysis of combined d a t a .......................56 Page 4 4 SURVEY OF CYNIPOID MORPHOLOGY .................... 59 Head.......................................... ... Antennae.................................. ... Thorax........................................ ... Wings...................................... .. 1<«98........................................137 Oaster........................................ .. Petiole.................................... .. Remaining gastral segments ................ 143 Female genitalia .......................... 145 Female accessory glands ................ 14S Male genitalia............................ .. Karyology.................................... .. Immature stages .............................. I53 The «99......................................153 Larval Instars ............................ 155 Pupal stage................................ .. 5 PHYLOGEMY OF THE CYMIPOIDEA........................176 Compatibility analysis o£ master data matrix. 176 Last characters deleted..................... 179 The clique cladogram ...................... 104 Subset analysis............................ .. Loss characters............................ .. Possible Improvements to tree............... 193 O'Nolan character weighting analysis........... 197 Parsimony analysis............................ .. Comparison o£ compatibility t parsimony trees . 201 The primary division o£ the Cynlpoldea......... 205 Extrallmltal Cynlpoldea ...................... 208 Fossil Cynlpoldea ............................ 219 Relative value o£ the character-suites......... 225 H e a d ........................................226 Antennae....................................227 T h o r a x ......................................227 I«e9S ...................................... 229 Wln9S........................................229 Page 5 Petiole......................................230 O e s t e r ......................................232 Feawle genitalia............................232 What was wrong with the old classification? . 233 Conclusions....................................235 Pinal postulate of cynlpold phylogeny. 235 6 DISCUSSION OP EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY................. 236 Introduction....................................238 Phytophagy: the Cynlpldae......................243 Biological trends within the Cynlpldae . 248 Parasitism within trees: the Iballld lineage. 254 Characters associated with xylophagous hosts. 259 Biogeography....................................262 Parasitism outside trees: the flgltld lineage . 270 SuBBsary of cynlpold evolutionary biology . 278 7 CONCLUSIONS ...................................... 281 Relationships with other Apocrlta ............ 281 The holophyly of the Cynipoidea............... 287 A new classification
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ecology, Behavior, and Biological Control Potential of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America
    REVIEW:BIOLOGICAL CONTROL-PARASITOIDS &PREDATORS The Ecology, Behavior, and Biological Control Potential of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America 1 DAVID R. COYLE AND KAMAL J. K. GANDHI Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 Environ. Entomol. 41(4): 731Ð749 (2012); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN11280 ABSTRACT Native and exotic siricid wasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) can be ecologically and/or economically important woodboring insects in forests worldwide. In particular, Sirex noctilio (F.), a Eurasian species that recently has been introduced to North America, has caused pine tree (Pinus spp.) mortality in its non-native range in the southern hemisphere. Native siricid wasps are known to have a rich complex of hymenopteran parasitoids that may provide some biological control pressure on S. noctilio as it continues to expand its range in North America. We reviewed ecological information about the hymenopteran parasitoids of siricids in North America north of Mexico, including their distribution, life cycle, seasonal phenology, and impacts on native siricid hosts with some potential efÞcacy as biological control agents for S. noctilio. Literature review indicated that in the hymenop- teran families Stephanidae, Ibaliidae, and Ichneumonidae, there are Þve genera and 26 species and subspecies of native parasitoids documented from 16 native siricids reported from 110 tree host species. Among parasitoids that attack the siricid subfamily Siricinae, Ibalia leucospoides ensiger (Norton), Rhyssa persuasoria (L.), and Megarhyssa nortoni (Cresson) were associated with the greatest number of siricid and tree species. These three species, along with R. lineolata (Kirby), are the most widely distributed Siricinae parasitoid species in the eastern and western forests of North America.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h73n0f9 Journal Cladistics, 29(5) ISSN 07483007 Authors Heraty, John M Burks, Roger A Cruaud, Astrid et al. Publication Date 2013-10-01 DOI 10.1111/cla.12006 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Cladistics Cladistics 29 (2013) 466–542 10.1111/cla.12006 A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) John M. Heratya,*, Roger A. Burksa,b, Astrid Cruauda,c, Gary A. P. Gibsond, Johan Liljeblada,e, James Munroa,f, Jean-Yves Rasplusc, Gerard Delvareg, Peter Jansˇtah, Alex Gumovskyi, John Huberj, James B. Woolleyk, Lars Krogmannl, Steve Heydonm, Andrew Polaszekn, Stefan Schmidto, D. Chris Darlingp,q, Michael W. Gatesr, Jason Motterna, Elizabeth Murraya, Ana Dal Molink, Serguei Triapitsyna, Hannes Baurs, John D. Pintoa,t, Simon van Noortu,v, Jeremiah Georgea and Matthew Yoderw aDepartment of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; bDepartment of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; cINRA, UMR 1062 CBGP CS30016, F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; dAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada; eSwedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7007, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; fInstitute for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University
    [Show full text]
  • André Nel Sixtieth Anniversary Festschrift
    Palaeoentomology 002 (6): 534–555 ISSN 2624-2826 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pe/ PALAEOENTOMOLOGY PE Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press Editorial ISSN 2624-2834 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.6.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:25D35BD3-0C86-4BD6-B350-C98CA499A9B4 André Nel sixtieth anniversary Festschrift DANY AZAR1, 2, ROMAIN GARROUSTE3 & ANTONIO ARILLO4 1Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Department of Natural Sciences, P.O. Box: 26110217, Fanar, Matn, Lebanon. Email: [email protected] 2State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. 3Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, Entomologie, F-75005, Paris, France. 4Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. FIGURE 1. Portrait of André Nel. During the last “International Congress on Fossil Insects, mainly by our esteemed Russian colleagues, and where Arthropods and Amber” held this year in the Dominican several of our members in the IPS contributed in edited volumes honoring some of our great scientists. Republic, we unanimously agreed—in the International This issue is a Festschrift to celebrate the 60th Palaeoentomological Society (IPS)—to honor our great birthday of Professor André Nel (from the ‘Muséum colleagues who have given us and the science (and still) national d’Histoire naturelle’, Paris) and constitutes significant knowledge on the evolution of fossil insects a tribute to him for his great ongoing, prolific and his and terrestrial arthropods over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Environmental and Forest Biology Annual Report Summer 2016 Academic Year 2016
    Department of Environmental and Forest Biology Annual Report Summer 2016 Academic Year 2016 – 2017 Donald J. Leopold Chair, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY-ESF 1 Forestry Drive Syracuse, NY 13210 Email: [email protected]; ph: (315) 470-6760 August 15, 2017 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . .4 Overview to Annual Report . 4 Building(s) . 6 Teaching . 6 Summary of main courses taught by faculty members . .6 Course teaching load summary by faculty members . 10 Undergraduate student advising loads . 12 Curriculum changes . 12 Undergraduate students enrolled in each EFB major . 12 Listing of awards and recognition . 13 Undergraduate Recruitment Efforts . .13 Student Learning Outcomes Assessment . .14 Research/Scholarship . .14 Summary of publications/presentations . .14 Science Citation Indices . 14 Most Cited Publication of Each EFB Faculty Member . 18 Summary of grant activity . 20 Patents and Patent Applications . 22 Listing of awards and recognition . 22 Outreach and Service . 22 Service to the department, college, and university . 22 Enumeration of outreach activities . 22 Summary of grant panel service . 23 Number of journal manuscripts reviewed by faculty. 23 Summary of journal editorial board service. 23 Listing of awards and recognition . 24 Service Learning . 24 Graduate Students. .26 Number of students by degree objectives . 26 Graduate student national fellowships/awards . 26 Graduate recruitment efforts . 26 Graduate student advising . 28 2 Courses having TA support and enrollment in each . .28 Graduate Program Accomplishments – Miscellaneous. .29 Governance and Administrative Structure . .. .29 Components. .29 Supporting offices, committees, directors, and coordinators . .30 Budget . .32 State budget allocations . .32 Funds Generated by Summer Courses and Grad Tuition Incentive Program .
    [Show full text]
  • The Sirex Woodwasp, Sirex Noctilio: Pest in North America May Be the Ecology, Potential Impact, and Management in the Southeastern U.S
    SREF-FH-003 June 2016 woodwasp has not become a major The Sirex woodwasp, Sirex noctilio: pest in North America may be the Ecology, Potential Impact, and Management in the Southeastern U.S. many insects that are competitors or natural enemies. Some of these insects compete for resources AUTHORED BY: LAUREL J. HAAVIK AND DAVID R. COYLE (e.g. native woodwasps, bark and ambrosia beetles, and longhorned beetles) while others (e.g.parasitoids) are natural enemies and use Sirex woodwasp larvae as hosts. However, should the Sirex woodwasp arrive in the southeastern U.S., with its abundant pine plantations and areas of natural pine, this insect could easily be a major pest for the region. Researchers have monitored and tracked Sirex woodwasp populations since its discovery in North America. The most common detection tool is a flight intercept trap (Fig. 2a) baited with a synthetic chemical lure that consists of pine scents (70% α-pinene, 30% β-pinene) or actual pine branches (Fig. 2b). Woodwasps are attracted to the odors given off by the lure or cut pine branches, and as they fly toward the scent they collide with the sides of the trap and drop Figure 1. The high density of likely or confirmed pine (Pinus spp.) hosts of the Sirex woodwasp suggests the southeastern U.S. may be heavily impacted should this non-native insect become into the collection cup at the bottom. established in this region. The collection cup is usually filled with a liquid (e.g. propylene glycol) that acts as both a killing agent and Overview and Detection preservative that holds the insects until they are collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, Fossil Eucharitidae and Perilampidae
    Zootaxa 2306: 1–16 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Fossil Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Baltic Amber JOHN M. HERATY1 & D. CHRISTOPHER DARLING2 1Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA, 92521. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 2C6 and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Palaeocharis rex n. gen. and sp. (Eucharitidae: Eucharitinae) and Perilampus pisticus n. sp. (Perilampidae: Perilampinae) are described from Baltic amber. Perilampus renzii (Peñalver & Engel) is transferred to Torymidae: Palaeotorymus renzii n. comb. Palaeocharis is related to Psilocharis Heraty based on presence of one anellus, linear mandibular depression, dorsal axillular groove, free prepectus and a transverse row of hairs on the hypopygium. This fossil is unique in comparison with extant Chalcidoidea because there are two foretibial spurs instead of a single well- developed calcar. Perilampus pisticus is placed into the extant Perilampus micans group because the frenum and marginal rim of the scutellum are visible in dorsal view and the prepectus forms a large equilateral triangle. The phylogenetic placement of both genera is discussed based on an analysis of both a combined morphological and molecular (28S and 18S) and morphology-only matrix. Morphological characters were used from an earlier study of Eucharitidae (Heraty 2002), with some characters revised to reflect variation in Perilampinae. Baltic amber is of Eocene age, which puts the age of divergence of these families at more than 40 mya.
    [Show full text]
  • Beiträge Zur Bayerischen Entomofaunistik 13: 67–207
    Beiträge zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik 13:67–207, Bamberg (2014), ISSN 1430-015X Grundlegende Untersuchungen zur vielfältigen Insektenfauna im Tiergarten Nürnberg unter besonderer Betonung der Hymenoptera Auswertung von Malaisefallenfängen in den Jahren 1989 und 1990 von Klaus von der Dunk & Manfred Kraus Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung 68 2. Untersuchungsgebiet 68 3. Methodik 69 3.1. Planung 69 3.2. Malaisefallen (MF) im Tiergarten 1989, mit Gelbschalen (GS) und Handfänge 69 3.3. Beschreibung der Fallenstandorte 70 3.4. Malaisefallen, Gelbschalen und Handfänge 1990 71 4. Darstellung der Untersuchungsergebnisse 71 4.1. Die Tabellen 71 4.2. Umfang der Untersuchungen 73 4.3. Grenzen der Interpretation von Fallenfängen 73 5. Untersuchungsergebnisse 74 5.1. Hymenoptera 74 5.1.1. Hymenoptera – Symphyta (Blattwespen) 74 5.1.1.1. Tabelle Symphyta 74 5.1.1.2. Tabellen Leerungstermine der Malaisefallen und Gelbschalen und Blattwespenanzahl 78 5.1.1.3. Symphyta 79 5.1.2. Hymenoptera – Terebrantia 87 5.1.2.1. Tabelle Terebrantia 87 5.1.2.2. Tabelle Ichneumonidae (det. R. Bauer) mit Ergänzungen 91 5.1.2.3. Terebrantia: Evanoidea bis Chalcididae – Ichneumonidae – Braconidae 100 5.1.2.4. Bauer, R.: Ichneumoniden aus den Fängen in Malaisefallen von Dr. M. Kraus im Tiergarten Nürnberg in den Jahren 1989 und 1990 111 5.1.3. Hymenoptera – Apocrita – Aculeata 117 5.1.3.1. Tabellen: Apidae, Formicidae, Chrysididae, Pompilidae, Vespidae, Sphecidae, Mutillidae, Sapygidae, Tiphiidae 117 5.1.3.2. Apidae, Formicidae, Chrysididae, Pompilidae, Vespidae, Sphecidae, Mutillidae, Sapygidae, Tiphiidae 122 5.1.4. Coleoptera 131 5.1.4.1. Tabelle Coleoptera 131 5.1.4.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Program for the Control of the Woodwasp Sirex Noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in the Northeastern United States
    United States Department of Agriculture Proposed Program for Marketing and Regulatory the Control of the Programs Animal and Woodwasp Sirex noctilio Plant Health Inspection Service F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in the Northeastern United States Environmental Assessment, August 2008 Proposed Program for the Control of the Woodwasp Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in the Northeastern United States Environmental Assessment August 2008 Agency Contact: Lynn Evans-Goldner Emergency and Domestic Programs Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Road, Unit 137 Riverdale, MD 20737 __________________________________________________________ The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all Its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. __________________________________________________________ Mention of companies or commercial products in this report does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, Doddifoenus Wallacei, a New Giant Parasitoid Wasp of the Subfamily
    Zootaxa 2194: 21–36 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Doddifoenus wallacei, a new giant parasitoid wasp of the subfamily Leptofoeninae (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), with a description of its mesosomal skeletal anatomy and a molecular characterization LARS KROGMANN1,3 & ROGER A. BURKS2 1State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Entomology, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2University of California, Riverside, Entomology Department, Riverside, CA 92521, United States. E-mail: [email protected] 3corresponding author Abstract A third species of Doddifoenus Bouček (Pteromalidae: Leptofoeninae), is described from Laos and Thailand. Doddifoenus wallacei sp. n. is the first species of the genus occurring west of Wallace’s Line, and with a body length of up to 4.2 cm it is among the longest known of any chalcidoid wasp. A differential key and distribution map for the world species of Doddifoenus are given. A detailed description of the mesosoma, including external and internal features, and molecular data (D2-D5 fragments of the 28S gene) are provided to facilitate future phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic placement of Leptofoeninae is briefly discussed, especially with respect to the pteromalid subfamilies Pteromalinae and Cleonyminae. Key words: Pteromalidae, Leptofoeninae, Doddifoenus, new species, taxonomy, mesosoma, Indo-Malaya, Australasia, Wallace’s Line Introduction The Leptofoeninae is probably one of the least known of the 31 subfamilies of Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea) recognized by Noyes (2009). Leptofoenines are very rarely collected but morphologically are of special interest because of their very large body size (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 March 2013, 381 P
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/273257107 Mason, P. G., D. R. Gillespie & C. Vincent (Eds.) 2013. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Pucón, Chile, 4-8 March 2013, 381 p. CONFERENCE PAPER · MARCH 2013 DOWNLOADS VIEWS 626 123 3 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Peter Mason Charles Vincent Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 96 PUBLICATIONS 738 CITATIONS 239 PUBLICATIONS 1,902 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: Charles Vincent Retrieved on: 13 August 2015 The correct citation of this work is: Peter G. Mason, David R. Gillespie and Charles Vincent (Eds.). 2013. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Pucón, Chile, 4-8 March 2013, 380 p. Proceedings of the 4th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS Pucón, Chile March 4-8, 2013 Peter G. Mason, David R. Gillespie and Charles Vincent (Eds.) 4th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS Pucón, Chile, March 4-8, 2013 PREFACE The Fourth International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, held in Pucón – Chile, continues the series of international symposia on the biological control of arthropods organized every four years. The first meeting was in Hawaii – USA during January 2002, followed by the Davos - Switzerland meeting during September 2005, and the Christchurch – New Zealand meeting during February 2009. The goal of these symposia is to create a forum where biological control researchers and practitioners can meet and exchange information, to promote discussions of up to date issues affecting biological control, particularly pertaining to the use of parasitoids and predators as biological control agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Food and Host Searching Decisions Made by Ibalia Leucospoides (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae), a Parasitoid of Sirex Noctilio (Hymenoptera:Siricidae)
    J Insect Behav DOI 10.1007/s10905-011-9301-9 Food and Host Searching Decisions Made by Ibalia leucospoides (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae), a Parasitoid of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera:Siricidae) A. L. Pietrantuono & V. Fernández-Arhex & N. Jofré & J. C. Corley Revised: 26 September 2011 /Accepted: 4 October 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Keywords Hymenopteran parasitoids . oviposition preferences . parasitoid rearing conditions . biological control . pine plantation pest management Introduction During their adult life, parasitoids—insects that lay eggs in or on other arthropods eventually killing them- spend a significant proportion of their lifetime searching for hosts, this behavior will determine their future success, simply because fitness is closely related to host encounter (Godfray 1994). However, adult parasitoids are free living animals that in most cases need to acquire food for metabolic functions such as maintenance, survival and locomotion, as well as for reproduction. Feeding on sugar-rich products or else on host fluids (i.e. host-feeding) may imply benefits in terms of future fitness, by for instance increasing egg laying opportunities through increased egg production or longevity (Chapman 1998; Speight et al. 1999). In a biological control context, providing sugar sources in the field could in some conditions, increase the efficacy of parasitoids used as natural enemies of pests (Heimpel and Jervis 2005). In the field, parasitoid foods for non-host feeding species, is found as floral and extra- floral nectar or else honeydew excretions (Heimpel et al. 1997). If food and hosts are found in different patches, a choice must be taken by foraging females which can have significant effects on parasitoid fitness and overall parasitization rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan V
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 46(4), pp. 183–202, November 20, 2020 Taxonomic Notes and New Distribution and Host Plant Records for Sawflies and Woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) of Japan V Akihiko Shinohara1 and Hideho Hara2 1National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2Nishi 4 Kita 3–4–29, Bibai, Hokkaido 072–0033, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 24 August 2020; accepted 23 September 2020) Abstract Aglaostigma kawazoei Togashi, 2007 (Tenthredinidae) is a new synonym of Aglaostigma amoorense (Cameron, 1876). Euura damnacanti (Takeuchi, 1922) (Tenthredinidae) is redescribed and a lectotype is designated. Euura longa (Takeuchi, 1952) is redescribed and divided into two subspecies, E. longa longa (Takeuchi, 1952) from Honshu and E. longa shiretoko Hara and Shinohara, subsp. nov. from Hokkaido. New host records are: Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica (Miq.) H. Hara (Betulaceae) and Lithocarpus edulis (Makino) Nakai (Fagaceae) for Tremex apicalis Matsumura, 1912 (Siricidae), Quercus crispula Blume (Fagaceae) for Periclista erythrogramma Togashi, 1999 (Tenthredinidae) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. (Faba- ceae) for Lataxiphyda nodai (Togashi, 1982) and Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz. (Aralia- ceae) for Xiphydria ogasawarai Matsumura, 1927 (Xiphydriidae). New distribution records are: Aglaostigma naitoi Togashi, 1972 (Tenthredinidae) from Kyushu and Aglaostigma yasumatsui Togashi, 1970, Euura tibialis (Newman, 1837) and Periclista erythrogramma Togashi, 1999 (Ten- thredinidae) from Hokkaido. New collection records are given for two rare species, Xiphydria kanba Shinohara, Hara & Smith, 2020 (Xiphydriidae) and Xyela kamtshatica Gussakovskij, 1935 (Xyelidae), and a “drumming” behavior of the male is newly recorded for Xiphydria ogasawarai (Xiphydriidae).
    [Show full text]