The Speech Act of Greetings in Tshivenda by Joyce Mukhethoni Sibadela

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Speech Act of Greetings in Tshivenda by Joyce Mukhethoni Sibadela THE SPEECH ACT OF GREETINGS IN TSHIVENDA BY JOYCE MUKHETHONI SIBADELA Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at the University of Stellenbosch. Study leader: Prof JA du Plessis MARCH 2002 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. Signature Date Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ ABSTRACT The use of interpersonal verbal routines such as greetings is a universal phenomenon of human languages. All human speech communities have such formulas, although their character and the incidence of their use may vary enormously from one society to another. For several decades, greetings have been a recurrent object of inquiry for linguists and other human communication. Greetings are part of phatic communion, whereby people create ties of union and avoid silence, which is always alarming and dangerous. Communion among humans will often be marked in speech “phatically”. There is widespread evidence that greetings are an important part of the communicative competence necessary for being a member of any speech community. Greetings regularize patterns among members. Greeting has been often treated as if it was spontaneous emotional reaction to the coming together of people carrying overtly its own social message. Greeting expressions constitute an important part of the polite language. By greeting the speaker, indicates his attitude towards the addressee or starts a conversation with him. Greetings are often patterned expressions, which may vary among different nations. Most greetings perform primarily a phatic communion function; some greetings are used to convey information. Some culture does not operate non-verbal demonstration of respect of difference like bowing, or prostrating and kneeling, it makes up for this by insistence on the proper execution of verbal greetings, for example: Igbo culture does not operate non­ verbal, whereas Japanese, Joruba and even Vendas they do practice these non-verbal demonstrations. Cultural performances are influenced by social variables such as the ages, sex and status of the interactants. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ OPSOMMING Die gebruik van interpersoonlike mondelingse roetines, soos die handeling van groet, is ‘n universiele fenomeen van menslike taal. Alle menslike gemeenskappe het formules, alhoewel hulle karakter en die voorkoms van hulle gebruik, mag verskil van een gemeenskap tot ‘n ander. Vir dekades, was groet ‘n herhaalde onderwerp van ondersoek van taalkenners saam met ander aspekte van persoonlike kommunikasie. Die handeling van groet is ‘n deel van fatiese kommunikasie, waarby mense bande skep, en stilte vermy wat angswekkend kan wees. Kommunikasie tussen mense sal altyd na verwys word as faties in taalverskynsels. Daar is wydverspreide bewyse dat die handeling van groet ‘n belangrike deel van kommunikatiewe kompetensie is, wat noodsaaklik is vir 'n lid van enige gemeenskap geld. Groet reguleer voorbeelde van wedersydse verhoudings tussen groepelede. Groet is dikwels hanteer asof dit ‘n spontane emosionele reaksie by die saamkom van mense is wat hulle eie sosiale boodskap oordra. Die spraakhandeling van groet vorm ‘n belangrike deel van beleefdheidtaal. Deur te groet, bewys die persoon sy houding teenoor die ander persoon of begin om met die persoon 'n gesprek te voer. Die spraakhandeling van groet is dikwels voorbeelde van uitdrukkings wat verskil tussen verskillende taalgroepe. Die meeste groetvorme het ‘n primere fatiese gemeenskaps funksie, sommige begroetings word gebruik om informasie te verskaf. Sommige kulture maak nie gebruik van nie-verbale demonstrasies van respek of verskille soos neerbuiging of kniel, dit maak op vir die aandring op behoorlike gebruik van mondelinge begroeting, byvoorbeeld: Igbo kultuur maak nie gebruik van nie-verbale demonstrasies, waar Venda- kultuur gebruik maak van hierdie nie-verbale demonstrasies. Kulturele belewenis van die groetvorm word beVnvloed deur sosiale veranderlikes soos ouderdom, geslag en status. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ MAHUMBULWA U shumiswa ha maipfi a bulwaho nga mulomo Iwa tshifhinga tshothe u fana na u lumelisana, ndi zwithu zwi itwaho kha nyambo dzothe dza vhathu lifhasini lothe nga vhuphara. Nyambo dzothe dza vhathu lifhasini Jothe dzi na maitele o raloho, naho kubulelwe na hune dza shumiswa hone zwi sa fani ngauri dzitshaka na dzone dzo fhambana. U bva minwahani minzhi yo fhelaho, ndila ine vhathu vha lumelisana ngayo, tsho vha tshone tshi shumi swa tshe vhagudi vha dzinyambo vha tshishumisa tshifhinga tshothe u sedzulusa ndila ine vhathu vha amba ngayo (u davhidzana nga ho). U lumelisana zwi tanganya vhathu duvha linwe na linwe. Hu ita uri vhathu vha vhe tshithu tshithihi zwa dovha hafhu zwa thivhela uri vhathu vha dzule vho fhumula (kana u ita tshilomo ndundundu) ngauri maitele a u dzula vhathu vha sa ambi vhothe a a tshuwisa na hone a khombo vhukuma. Vhushaka vhu wanalaho vhukati ha vhathu vhu vhonala nga nyambedzano ya duvha linwe na linwe. Hu na tsumbo dzi re khagala dzi sumbedzaho uri u lumelisana ndi tshithu tsha vhuthogwa tshi sumbedzaho uri muthu u kona u amba luambo u guma ngafhi na uri u murado wa luambo lukene naa. U lumelisana zwi sumbedzisa uri muthu u wela kha tshigwada tshifhio tsha luambo. Maitele a u lumelisana a dzhiwa sa zwithu zwine vhathu vha sokou zwiita nga tshifhinga tshenetsho, zwi tshi khou bva kha zwipfi (vhupfiwa) havho musi vha tshi tangana nahone ulumelisa hu itiwa khagala ngauri hu na mulaedza wa matshilisano khaho. Maitele a u lumelisana a vhumba tshipida tsha vhuthogwa kha luambo Iwa vhulenda. Nga u tou lumelisa fhedzi muambi u vha a tshi khou sumbedza zwine a dzhiisa zwone hoyo ane a khou amba nae kana a mbo di thoma u ita nyambedzano nae. Kha u lumelisa, hu tou vha na kuambele kune vhathu vha lumelisi sana ngakwo - zwi tshi bva kha uri ndi lushaka lufhio. Maitele a u lumelisa kanzhi a shuma u tanganya vhathu kha duvha nga duvha, ngeno kha vhanwe u lumelisa zwitshi shumiswa u fhirisa mulaedza. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ Lunwe lushaka a lu shumisi maitele a u sa amba musi a tshi sumbedza thonifho zwi tshi ya ngauri muthu ndinnyi, u fana na u kwatama, u shuvhama kana u gwadama, lu imelela na u khwathisa maitele a u lumelisa nga u tou amba, tsumbo: Lushaka Iwa Igbo a lu shumisi maitele a u samba, ngeno vha Japani, vha Yoruba na vhavenda vha tshi shumisa maitele a u sa amba. Tshaka dza ita zwi tutuwedzwa nga u fhambana ha matshilele, mbeu, murafho na tshileme tsha u tanganelana ha vhathu. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ I dedicate my thesis to my dearest husband, Nnditsheni Nelson Sibadela, who encouraged me to continue during those moments of despair. Without him, there would be no success. Our beloved children, Hakhakhi Harriet and Mulinda Martin, who let me continue my studies without any disturb Glory to GOD! Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FOR NRF REPORT The financial assistance of National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the National Research Foundation. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my cordial thanks to my study leader, Prof JA du Plessis, without his expert supervision this study would not have been materialized. To him I say: “Na matslelo, vha ngaho vhone a vha dali”. My heartful thanks go to Prof Marianna Visser, who initiated me in the theoretical aspect of this study. To her I say: “U naka a hu fani na u diwa”. I am most grateful to those who helped me with collection of this greetings data. In particular I wish to thank Dr Dlali, Dr Satyo and the whole Department of African Languages at the Stellenbosch University, and not forgetting Avhatakali Makhado. My thanks go to Karin Vergeer, who so ably typed the entire thesis. To her I say: “May the Lord richly bless you.” I sincerely thank my spiritual father, Pastor MG Muhali mon E Muhali for praying for me and encouraged me in this study. To the Apostolic Faith Mission in Africa Congregation - let us pray hard to one another, to heal the world. To them I say: “Mashudu a munei a fhira a muneiwa, arali hu si vhe thabeto dze vha ntika nga dzo ndo vha ndi tshi do vha ndi si zwine nda vha zwone namusi.” Last, but not least, I wish to pass my gratitude to my mother, brothers and sisters who have really been with me through all the studies, not forgetting my late father, who passed way in 1998. Aa! Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za/ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract Opsomming..................................................................................................................... ii Abstract in Tshivenda.....................................................................................................iii Dedication........................................................................................................................v NRF Acknowledgement................................................................................................. vi Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 A im
Recommended publications
  • Bad Is Stronger Than Good
    Review of General Psychology Copyright 2001 by the Educational Publishing Foundation 2001. Vol. 5. No. 4. 323-370 1089-2680/O1/S5.O0 DOI: 10.1037//1089-2680.5.4.323 Bad Is Stronger Than Good Roy F. Baumeister and Ellen Bratslavsky Catrin Finkenauer Case Western Reserve University Free University of Amsterdam Kathleen D. Vohs Case Western Reserve University The greater power of bad events over good ones is found in everyday events, major life events (e.g., trauma), close relationship outcomes, social network patterns, interper- sonal interactions, and learning processes. Bad emotions, bad parents, and bad feedback have more impact than good ones, and bad information is processed more thoroughly than good. The self is more motivated to avoid bad self-definitions than to pursue good ones. Bad impressions and bad stereotypes are quicker to form and more resistant to disconfirmation than good ones. Various explanations such as diagnosticity and sa- lience help explain some findings, but the greater power of bad events is still found when such variables are controlled. Hardly any exceptions (indicating greater power of good) can be found. Taken together, these findings suggest that bad is stronger than good, as a general principle across a broad range of psychological phenomena. Centuries of literary efforts and religious pothesis that bad is stronger than good (see also thought have depicted human life in terms of a Rozin & Royzman, in press). That is, events struggle between good and bad forces. At the that are negatively valenced (e.g., losing metaphysical level, evil gods or devils are the money, being abandoned by friends, and receiv- opponents of the divine forces of creation and ing criticism) will have a greater impact on the harmony.
    [Show full text]
  • Act One Fade In: Int. Studio Backstage
    30 ROCK 113: "The Head and The Hair" 1. Shooting Draft Third Revised (Yellow) 12/13/06 ACT ONE FADE IN: 1 INT. STUDIO BACKSTAGE - NIGHT 1 The show is in full swing. We hear a laugh from inside the studio, then applause and the band kicking in. The double doors burst open and JENNA, dressed as a fat old lady, LIZ, and a QUICK-CHANGE DRESSER enter the backstage chaos from the studio. In the background we see the STAGE MANAGER. STAGE MANAGER We’re back in two minutes! The dresser starts going to work on Jenna; tearing off a wig, casting aside props and jewelry. PETE is there. JENNA (to Liz) So are you gonna ask out the Head? Liz rolls her eyes. PETE The “Head”? LIZ There are these two MSNBC guys we keep seeing around. They just moved offices from New Jersey. We don’t know their names so we call them the Head and the Hair. PETE How come? FLASH BACK TO: 2 INT. ELEVATOR/ELEVATOR BANK - EARLIER THAT DAY 2 Liz and Jenna are on the elevator coming in to work. Two guys get on. One guy is super handsome and has great hair. This is THE HAIR, GRAY. The other guy is cranial and nerdy looking. This is THE HEAD. Liz smiles politely. Jenna gives the Hair a huge grin. GRAY Hey! You guys again. Jenna laughs too hard at this non-joke. 30 ROCK 113: "The Head and The Hair" 2. Shooting Draft Third Revised (Yellow) 12/13/06 JENNA How are things going? Are you settling in okay? GRAY We’re finding our way around.
    [Show full text]
  • 30 ROCK "Hard to Swallow" Written By Sam Mandragona
    THIS SCRIPTS IS AVAILABLE TO READ OR DOWNLOAD PLEASE SCROLL DOWN 30 ROCK "Hard to Swallow" Written by Sam Mandragona Sam Mandragona [email protected] 609 819 5921 1. ACT ONE FADE IN: EXT. 45TH STREET - DAY LIZ LEMON is walking down the street and stops at a store to watch some people play Rock Band. She glances up at the TVs in the window to see CNBC with the caption title "GE and Rooster Roaster Merger." CUT TO: INT. GE BOARD ROOM - DAY Seated at the conference table are DON GEISS, JACK DONAGHY, COLONEL AUGUSTUS SHERIDAN, the Chairman of Rooster Roaster and JONAH FLEMING, the CEO of The BIG Network with an unknown woman. The press conference is underway. DON GEISS This is the greatest opportunity in the history of General Electric to prepare us for the future. Everybody at the table nods their approval and smiles. DON GEISS (CONT'D) Isn't that right Colonel Sheridan? The Colonel is a tall man with white muttonchops, wearing a tan suit with a large cowboy hat. He stands and picks up the microphone to make his point. COLONEL SHERIDAN Well, Great Balls of Fire, this here is 'bout the finest business deal I rightly done since I started sellin' chicken tenders from the back of my 1965 Vista Cruiser wagon. The Colonel sits down as Don Geiss motions for a question from the reporters. REPORTER 1 Mr. Geiss, you each own a television network, NBC and the BIG Network. Will this pose a problem for FCC approval? 2. Jack clears his throat and motions to Don Geiss who nods approvingly.
    [Show full text]
  • James M. Black and Friends, Contributions of Williamsport PA to American Gospel Music
    James M. Black and Friends Contributions of Williamsport PA to American Gospel Music by Milton W. Loyer, 2004 Three distinctives separate Wesleyan Methodism from other religious denominations and movements: (1) emphasis on the heart-warming salvation experience and the call to personal piety, (2) concern for social justice and persons of all stations of life, and (3) using hymns to bring the gospel message to people in a meaningful way. All three of these distinctives came together around 1900 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, in the person of James M. Black and the congregation at the Pine Street Methodist Episcopal Church. Because there were other local persons and companies associated with bands, instruments and secular music during this time, the period is often referred to as “Williamsport’s Golden Age of Music.” While papers have been written on other aspects of this musical phenomenon, its evangelical religious component has generally been ignored. We seek to correct that oversight. James Milton Black (1856-1938) is widely known as the author of the words and music to the popular gospel song When the Roll is Called Up Yonder . He was, however, a very private person whose failure to leave much documentation about his work has frustrated musicologists for decades. No photograph of him suitable for large-size reproduction in gospel song histories, for example, is known to exist. Every year the United Methodist Archives at Lycoming College expects to get at least one inquiry that begins, “I just discovered that James M. Black was a Methodist layperson from Williamsport, could you please tell me…” We now attempt to bring together all that is known about the elusive James M.
    [Show full text]
  • Bossypants? One, Because the Name Two and a Half Men Was Already Taken
    Acknowledgments I would like to gratefully thank: Kay Cannon, Richard Dean, Eric Gurian, John Riggi, and Tracy Wigfield for their eyes and ears. Dave Miner for making me do this. Reagan Arthur for teaching me how to do this. Katie Miervaldis for her dedicated service and Latvian demeanor. Tom Ceraulo for his mad computer skills. Michael Donaghy for two years of Sundays. Jeff and Alice Richmond for their constant loving encouragement and their constant loving interruption, respectively. Thank you to Lorne Michaels, Marc Graboff, and NBC for allowing us to reprint material. Contents Front Cover Image Welcome Dedication Introduction Origin Story Growing Up and Liking It All Girls Must Be Everything Delaware County Summer Showtime! That’s Don Fey Climbing Old Rag Mountain Young Men’s Christian Association The Windy City, Full of Meat My Honeymoon, or A Supposedly Fun Thing I’ll Never Do Again Either The Secrets of Mommy’s Beauty Remembrances of Being Very Very Skinny Remembrances of Being a Little Bit Fat A Childhood Dream, Realized Peeing in Jars with Boys I Don’t Care If You Like It Amazing, Gorgeous, Not Like That Dear Internet 30 Rock: An Experiment to Confuse Your Grandparents Sarah, Oprah, and Captain Hook, or How to Succeed by Sort of Looking Like Someone There’s a Drunk Midget in My House A Celebrity’s Guide to Celebrating the Birth of Jesus Juggle This The Mother’s Prayer for Its Daughter What Turning Forty Means to Me What Should I Do with My Last Five Minutes? Acknowledgments Copyright * Or it would be the biggest understatement since Warren Buffett said, “I can pay for dinner tonight.” Or it would be the biggest understatement since Charlie Sheen said, “I’m gonna have fun this weekend.” So, you have options.
    [Show full text]
  • JARED MACK SAG-AFTRA [email protected] (541) 922-8278 Height: 5’8 Eyes: Blue Hair: Brown Vocal Range: Tenor
    JARED MACK SAG-AFTRA [email protected] (541) 922-8278 Height: 5’8 Eyes: Blue Hair: Brown Vocal Range: Tenor THEATRE_______________________________________________________________________________________ A 1940’s Radio Christmas Carol(Upc.) Cholly Butts Broadway Rose Theatre Co. Dan Murphy The Great Divide(Upcoming/Workshop) John Lee Portland Shakespeare Project Jennifer Rowe As You Like It LeBeau/Amiens/MD Bag & Baggage Cassie Greer The Shakers of Mount Lebanon(Wksp) Calvin Big Bridge Theatre Consortium Marianne Savell Repulsing the Monkey Danny Jablonski PassinArt Jamie Rea And in This Corner: Cassius Clay Joe Martin Oregon Children’s Theatre Stan Foote/Jerry Foster Judy Moody and Stink Scurvy Sam Oregon Children’s Theatre Stan Foote The Addams Family Mal Beineke Broadway Rose Theatre Co. Peggy Taphorn Men Run Amok Straight Original Mind/Fertile Ground Stephen Perkins Million Dollar Quartet Sam Phillips Rocky Mountain Repertory Jeff Duke Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? George Northern Illinois University Kendra Holton Marat/Sade Charlotte Corday Adana Intl. Theatre Festival Stanton Davis Pirates of Penzance James/U.S. Frederic Eugene Opera Mark Beudert TV & FILM_______________________________________________________________________________________ Saturday Night Live Stoop Victim People Getting Punched Dir. Akiva Schaffer Saturday Night Live Boleyn Girl Four The Other, Other Boleyn Feat. Ellen Page Saturday Night Live Waiter Walken Reunion Feat. C. Walken 30 Rock Teacher Greenzo Dir. Don Scardino One Fall - Film Hunter 2 Feature
    [Show full text]
  • Iges Ish2 :I Dr Ndici
    .........■■ -I- Bed a)mdbreakfcfasts: Intirmate acazommodaations, spt)ecialfood d - c i = = = = = = = ifofrrry Brpwn ot I win t-al ^ © w f eb © y s 8 soleId his hide-a-jjed-- ^ i c t 1 - in-oonly-1-<Jay-with------ 5 classified adi i ■ ^ o o l - B f ^ Shoot out^Sagee - B4 all 733-0626 Nolowl^ " - • HC f t n x i 2 5 ^ ' dnesday, July 2 2 , 1 9 8 7 82nd year, No. 203 Twin Fallslls, I d a h o W ednt J u d i g e s I q u a :i s h 2: i d ri i g i in d ic it m e rn t s do n o th in g o r d o so m eething." tl down afteiiler more thnn six m onthsI of appoint a jury comn:imrssiorier in the deci.sionion 1to throw out the Indict Shc said it wouldI 1be too costly invcstigatiia tio n in T%vin F o ils b y lawnw TVin'Falls County. m ents 10 mmir in u te s a fte r la w y e r s con- Jury seielection flc\awed nnd time-consuming ttto take the 21 cnforccnicment agencics. That jury commissiisioner, Kath* eluded theirieir arguments. dofendants through stistandard court DefenseISC attorneys for tho 21 de*lc* loen Noh of Kimberly,ly, is’ to com- In hin finnHnul argum ent. Wood, suid st for jury se- the county's,ty's jury selection proce- By CRAIG UNCOLNLN ■- in g o f ua mi aster list to the Belectionion proceedings, und she wiilw opt to use fendants.s filedf motions to quash the.he plete a now master list TimcS'Ncwa writer o f juiror ro i candidates, were in tho grand jury systemn ia g a in .
    [Show full text]
  • Masterarbeit / Master's Thesis
    MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis „Representations of Female Nerds in U.S.-American Sitcoms“ verfasst von / submitted by Beate Reichl, BA BA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2018 / Vienna 2018 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 844 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Anglophone Literatures and Cultures degree programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Alexandra Ganser-Blumenau Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Alexandra Ganser-Blumenau. Then, I would like to offer my special thanks to my aunt, Susanne Reichl, for being my continuous role model and adviser. Finally yet importantly, I wish to acknowledge the never-ending support provided by my husband, Manuel Engel, my parents and close friends. Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................. i 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 2 Representations of the Nerd ...................................................................... 2 Representation .................................................................................... 2 Stereotypes ......................................................................................... 3 The Nerd
    [Show full text]
  • EUREKA Country Mile! Garages & Sheds Farming and Industrial Structures
    The Moorabool News FREE Your Local News Tuesday 5 November, 2013 Serving Ballan and district since 1872 Phone 5368 1966 Fax 5368 2764 Vol 7 No 43 He’s our man! By Kate Taylor Central Ward Councillor Paul Tatchell has been voted as Moorabool’s new Mayor. East Ward Councillor John Spain was voted in as Deputy Mayor. Outgoing Mayor Pat Toohey did not re-nominate at the Statutory and Annual Appointments Meeting held last Wednesday 30 October, where Mayor Tatchell won the role with a 5-2 majority. Nominated by East Ward Councillor Allan Comrie, Cr Tatchell gained votes from fellow councillors Comrie, David Edwards, Tonia Dudzik and John Spain. West Ward Councillor Tom Sullivan was nominated and voted for by Pat Toohey. New Mayor Tatchell told the meeting he was very fortunate to have been given the privilege of the role. “For former mayor Pat Toohey, to have come on board and then taken on the role of Mayor with four new councillors, he jumped straight in the driver’s seat… and the first few months were very difficult, but he persevered with extreme patience. “And to the experienced councillors we came in contact with from day one, with years of experience, without that, I can’t imagine how a council could have operated with seven new faces. We are incredibly fortunate to have those experienced councillors on board.” Mayor Tatchell also hinted at a vision for more unity in the future. “A bit less of ‘I’ and more of ‘we,’” he said. Deputy Mayor Spain was voted in with votes from councillors Dudzik, Edwards, and Comrie, with Mayor Tatchell not required to cast a vote on a majority decision.
    [Show full text]
  • The Generalissimo
    the generalissimo ګ The Generalissimo Chiang Kai- shek and the Struggle for Modern China Jay Taylor the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, En gland 2009 .is Chiang Kai- shek’s surname ګ The character Copyright © 2009 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Taylor, Jay, 1931– The generalissimo : Chiang Kai- shek and the struggle for modern China / Jay Taylor.—1st. ed. â p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 03338- 2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Chiang, Kai- shek, 1887–1975. 2. Presidents—China— Biography. 3. Presidents—Taiwan—Biography. 4. China—History—Republic, 1912–1949. 5. Taiwan—History—1945– I. Title. II. Title: Chiang Kai- shek and the struggle for modern China. DS777.488.C5T39 2009 951.04′2092—dc22 [B]â 2008040492 To John Taylor, my son, editor, and best friend Contents List of Mapsâ ix Acknowledgmentsâ xi Note on Romanizationâ xiii Prologueâ 1 I Revolution 1. A Neo- Confucian Youthâ 7 2. The Northern Expedition and Civil Warâ 49 3. The Nanking Decadeâ 97 II War of Resistance 4. The Long War Beginsâ 141 5. Chiang and His American Alliesâ 194 6. The China Theaterâ 245 7. Yalta, Manchuria, and Postwar Strategyâ 296 III Civil War 8. Chimera of Victoryâ 339 9. The Great Failureâ 378 viii Contents IV The Island 10. Streams in the Desertâ 411 11. Managing the Protectorâ 454 12. Shifting Dynamicsâ 503 13. Nixon and the Last Yearsâ 547 Epilogueâ 589 Notesâ 597 Indexâ 699 Maps Republican China, 1928â 80–81 China, 1929â 87 Allied Retreat, First Burma Campaign, April–May 1942â 206 China, 1944â 293 Acknowledgments Extensive travel, interviews, and research in Taiwan and China over five years made this book possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Game in the Big Easy Delicious Boys Hoops Girls Hoops
    Video: Irate Man Attacks Paramedics; Police Say Fight Was Unprovoked / Main 5 $1 Big Game in the Big Easy Bring the Taste of the Delta to Your Super Bowl Meal / Life: Food Early Week Edition Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2013 Reaching 110,000 Readers in Print and Online — www.chronline.com W.F. West’s Science Blazer Basketball Programs Earn Statewide Praise Girls Hoops Lady Blazers Destroy Clippers / Grants Sports for Robots Boys Hoops Blazer Men Improve to 6-2 in League Play / Sports Delicious Annual Taste of Lewis County Is See Main 14 a Tour for the Senses / Main 3 Pete Caster / [email protected] Kendra Allen, a senior at W.F. West High School, launches a ping-pong ball with a robot that she and her robotics class partner, Carli Stowe, built for a class project. This program, among others, has earned W.F. West High School the title of a state “Lighthouse School” for science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Allen, who inished her project last week, demonstrated how her robot could pick up a ping-pong ball, move to the launching pad, then shoot the ball six feet. If all of those requirements were met the student would get an ‘A’ on the project. White said about 1/3 of the class completely met the requirements of the project. Winlock Middle School Awarded Funding for Robotics Program Weather TONIGHT: Low Rain Likely see details on page Main 2 43 TOMORROW: Weather picture by Amaya High Espinoza, Onalaska Elementary, 3rd Grade 48 The Chronicle, Serving The Greater Lewis County Area Since 1889 Pete Caster / [email protected] Eighth graders Bradley Follow Us on Twitter Kelly, left, Adam Hylton, center, and Michael @chronline Rosenberry, work at licking plastic balls Find Us on Facebook towards a make-shift www.facebook.com/ goal during their Ro- botics 101 class at Win- thecentraliachronicle lock Middle School on Monday.
    [Show full text]
  • 30 Rock and Philosophy: We Want to Go to There (The Blackwell
    ftoc.indd viii 6/5/10 10:15:56 AM 30 ROCK AND PHILOSOPHY ffirs.indd i 6/5/10 10:15:35 AM The Blackwell Philosophy and Pop Culture Series Series Editor: William Irwin South Park and Philosophy X-Men and Philosophy Edited by Robert Arp Edited by Rebecca Housel and J. Jeremy Wisnewski Metallica and Philosophy Edited by William Irwin Terminator and Philosophy Edited by Richard Brown and Family Guy and Philosophy Kevin Decker Edited by J. Jeremy Wisnewski Heroes and Philosophy The Daily Show and Philosophy Edited by David Kyle Johnson Edited by Jason Holt Twilight and Philosophy Lost and Philosophy Edited by Rebecca Housel and Edited by Sharon Kaye J. Jeremy Wisnewski 24 and Philosophy Final Fantasy and Philosophy Edited by Richard Davis, Jennifer Edited by Jason P. Blahuta and Hart Weed, and Ronald Weed Michel S. Beaulieu Battlestar Galactica and Iron Man and Philosophy Philosophy Edited by Mark D. White Edited by Jason T. Eberl Alice in Wonderland and The Offi ce and Philosophy Philosophy Edited by J. Jeremy Wisnewski Edited by Richard Brian Davis Batman and Philosophy True Blood and Philosophy Edited by Mark D. White and Edited by George Dunn and Robert Arp Rebecca Housel House and Philosophy Mad Men and Philosophy Edited by Henry Jacoby Edited by Rod Carveth and Watchman and Philosophy James South Edited by Mark D. White ffirs.indd ii 6/5/10 10:15:36 AM 30 ROCK AND PHILOSOPHY WE WANT TO GO TO THERE Edited by J. Jeremy Wisnewski John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffirs.indd iii 6/5/10 10:15:36 AM To pages everywhere .
    [Show full text]