Das Gloria in Beethonvens Missa Solemnis

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Das Gloria in Beethonvens Missa Solemnis MÜNCHNER VERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN ZUR MUSIKGESCHICHTE Begründet 1959 von Thrasybulos G. Georgiades Herausgegeben seit 1977 von Theodor Göllner Band 54 BIRGIT LODES DAS GLORIA IN BEETHOVENS MISSA SOLEMNIS VERLEGT BEI HANS SCHNEIDER • TUTZING BIRGIT LODES DAS GLORIA IN BEETHOVENS MISSA SOLEMNIS ßbe 881 + Z VERLEGT BEI HANS SCHNEIDER • TUTZING 1997 5 ZUR FUGE ............................................................................................ 165 5.1 Einführung ....................................................................................... 165 5.2 Überblick über das „Quoniam“ und die Anlage der Fuge ......... 166 5.2.1 Das „Quoniam“ — Einleitung der Fuge ........................... 166 5.2.2 Zur Anlage der Gloriafuge .................................................... 169 5.3 Zur Gestalt des Fugenthemas.......................................................... 178 5.3.1 Konvention und Eigenart ...................................................... 178 5.3.2 Zur Entstehung des Fugenthemas in den Skizzen (einschließlich Beethovens Teilabschrift der Kyriefuge aus Mozarts Requiem )..................................................................... 193 5.4 Die Kontrasubjekte .......................................................................... 206 5.4.1 Zur Gestalt der Kontrasubjekte ........................................... 206 5.4.2 Zu den Gründen für die geringe Selbständigkeit der Kontrasubjekte ........................................................................ 211 5.5 Von veränderlichen Größen: Zur Verwendung des Themas in der Gloriafuge .......................................................................... 216 5.5.1 Thematische Integrität in der Fuge? .................................... 216 5.5.2 Das Fugenthema als integrierter „Aggregatzustand“ ........... 217 5.5.3 Verschmelzung von Themeneinsatz und Zwischenspiel: Zu den Takten 407 bis 412 ................................................. 220 5.5.4 „Harmonisches Thema“ und aufgebrochene Quintschritt­ sequenz: Zu den Takten 434 bis 439 .................................. 223 5.5.5 Zur Bedeutung der thematischen Veränderungen.............. 231 5.6 Verwendung der Kontrasubjekte: Zur Idee der Rückführung des Fugenthemas in das Gloriathema .................................................... 233 5.7 Thematisches Unisono als befreiender Höhepunkt der Gloriafuge 238 5.7.1 Einführung ............................................................................ 238 5.7.2 Veränderungen in der Deklamation des Fugenthemas .... 239 5.7.3 Das Unisono-Erscheinen des Themas als Kristallisations­ punkt des harmonischen Verlaufs ........................................ 241 5.7.4 Zur Mehrschichtigkeit in der Fuge ...................................... 250 5.7.5 Unisono als Übersteigerung der Fuge .................................. 257 5.7.6 „Übersteigerung der Fuge“ in anderen späten Fugen von Beethoven ....................................................... 261 5.8 Zur Rolle der Gloriafuge im Satzzusammenhang ......................... 269 5.9 Zum Phänomen der Distanz .......................................................... 271 6 ZUM SATZSCHLUSS: ABRUNDUNG UND OFFENES EN D E............. 276 6.1 Zum Wiederaufgreifen des Satzbeginns am Satzschluß................ 276 6.1.1 Quellenbefund: Zur Einbeziehung des „Gloria in excelsis“ als Schlußteil ................................................. 276 6.1.2 Übersteigernde Abrundung................................................... 278 6.1.3 Cherubinis Messe F-Dur, CV l45f, als Modell? ................ 282 6.2 Zum Sch lu ß ....................................................................................... 289 6.2.1 Zur Eigenart der Schlußtakte ............................................... 289 6.2.2 Weg der Distanzierung: Die Entstehung des Gloria­ schlusses ................................................................................ 297 6.2.3 Zum Verhältnis von Metrum und Rhythmus: Vom „Überquellen“ ............................................................ .. 303 6.2.4 Zur Rolle der vierten Stufe im Gloriasatz ........................... 314 6.2.4.1 „schließt in d oder g“ ............................................... 314 6.2.4.2 „O Hoffnung“, „Erfüllung“ und der Erzherzog: „Von Herzen — möge es wieder - zu Herzen gehn!“ 322 6.3 Zur Bedeutung der Schlußbildung................................................. 334 7 QUELLEN .................................................................................................. 339 7.1 Übersicht über den Skizzenbestand zum Gloria ........................... 339 7.2 Zur Chronologie der Entstehung des Gloriasatzes......................... 341 7.2.1 Zeitliche Einordnung der Skizzen ...................................... 341 7-2.2 Beethovens Arbeit am Autograph des G lo ria ...................... 346 7.3 Verwendete Abschriften und Ausgaben.......................................... 350 7.4 Zu den Nachschriften aus Beethovens Skizzen ............................. 351 ABKÜRZUNGEN.............................................................. 352 VERWENDETE NOTENAUSGABEN ............... 354 ZITIERTE LITERATUR ................................................................................... 358 REGISTER ERWÄHNTER SKIZZEN UND KOMPOSITIONEN ................ 379 Vorw ort Die vorliegende Studie geht verschiedenen Eigenheiten des Gloria in der M issa solemnis nach mit dem Ziel, unser Verständnis dieses berühmten Werkes, das sich aufgrund seiner Vielschichtigkeit jedes eindimensionalen Zugriffs entzieht, zu vertiefen. Sie stellt eine leicht überarbeitete Fassung meiner an der Ludwig- Maximilians—Universität München eingereichten Dissertation dar, die im Juni 1995 mit dem Promotionspreis der Universitätsgesellschaft ausgezeichnet wurde. Ohne das Vorbild und die Unterstützung vieler Persönlichkeiten und Institu­ tionen hätte diese Studie nicht entstehen können. Zahlreiche und vielfältige Anregungen verdanke ich meinem verehrten Lehrer, Herrn Prof. Dr. Theodor Göllner, der das Wachsen der Arbeit mit fortwährendem, aufmunterndem Interesse verfolgte. Vieles zum Umgang mit späten Beethovenkompositionen durfte ich von Herrn Prof. Dr. Rudolf Bockholdt lernen. Die maßgebliche Weichenstellung für Inhalt und Konzeption der Arbeit erfolgte während eines Studienjahrs an der Harvard University (1992/93). Mir ist es ein besonderes Anliegen, den dortigen Freunden und Lehrern sowie den Bibliothekaren der Harvard Music Library und der Isham Memorial Library für ihre herzliche Aufnahme und Hilfsbereitschaft zu danken. Professor Dr. Christoph Wolff (William Powell Mason Professor of Music) ermunterte in entscheidenden Momenten und wurde mir zum Vorbild in geistiger Wachsamkeit. Professor Dr. Lewis Lockwood (Fanny Peabody Professor of Music) teilte mit mir in vielen Stunden sein tiefgehendes Verständnis für Beethovens Werke und deren Entstehung. Für seine kritischen Kommentare zu meinen schriftlichen Entwür­ fen und für seinen Glauben in meine Arbeit bin ich ihm zu großem Dank verpflichtet. Der Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst förderte durch ein Stipendium den Studienaufenthalt an der Harvard University, die Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität München ermöglichte durch die Gewährung eines Graduierten­ stipendiums des Landes Bayern die zügige Fertigstellung der Arbeit und gab einen Druckkostenzuschuß. Herr Michael Nowotny, M.A., setzte die schönen Notenbeispiele; Dr. Hans Schneider sorgte freundlicherweise für die Druck­ legung und rasche Veröffentlichung. Den Leitern und Mitarbeitern verschiedener europäischer Musiksammlungen möchte ich für die Übersendung von Reproduktionen danken: Archiv der Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Wien, mit seinem Direktor, Dr. Otto Biba; Bibliotheca Bodmeriana, Cologny-Genève; Biblioteka Jagiellonska, Krakow; Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris; British Library, London. Die Möglichkeit, die 9 wertvollen Skizzen und Autographe aus ihren Sammlungen längere Zeit im Original zu untersuchen sowie die Genehmigung zum Abdruck mancher Stellen, gewährten mir freundlicherweise Herr Sieghard Brandenburg, Direktor des Beethovenarchives in Bonn, und Herr Dr. Helmut Hell, Direktor der Musikabteilung der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Herrn Brandenburg und Herrn Dr. Armin Raab möchte ich in diesem Zusammen­ hang danken für ihre außerordentlich zuvorkommende Betreuung und Hilfe; Herrn Dr. Clemens Brenneis für seine freundliche Unterstützung bei der Ent­ zifferung einiger Stellen. Danken möchte ich auch allen Freunden, die Teile der Arbeit Korrektur lasen: Veronika Giglberger, M.A., Dr. Sabine Kurth, Dr. Michael Raab, Prof. Dr. Glenn Stanley, Thomas Willmann, M.A., und Susanne Winter. Ein ganz besonderer Dank, der Von Herzen kommt, gilt meinen Eltern, meinen Schwestern und meinem Mann, Dr. Ulrich Dendorfer. Ihre Liebe gab mir die Kraft zum Denken und Schreiben. „ ... — möge es wieder — zu Herzen gehn!“ B. L. 10 1 E i n l e i t u n g „ ... Gloria aus Beethovens Messe No. 2, in D. Beynahe wie alles aus seiner jüngsten Kunstepoche gleich schwer vorzutragen und zu begreifen. Wer sich anmaasst, ein so complicirtes Tonwerk nach einmaligem Hören gefasst und verstanden zu haben, mag es wagen, ein Unheil darüber zu fällen. Ref. bekennt sich unfähig dazu.“ (AmZ, 1827, Sp. 284; zitiert nach Stefan Kunze, D ie Werke im Spiegel seiner Z eit, 429). Sprachlosigkeit nach dem ersten, vielleicht auch nach mehrmaligem Hören von Beethovens Missa solemnis kennen wir noch heute, mehr als zweieinhalb Jahr­ hunderte nach ihrer Entstehung. Kaum ein anderes von Beethovens Werken scheint sich
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