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"THE STORY OF OUR LIVES FROM YEAR TO YEAR."—SHAKESPEAEE, ALL THE TEAR ROUM). A WEEKLY JOUENAL. CONDUCTED BY CHARLES DICKENS. WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED HOUSEHOLD WORDS.

N^'- 281.] SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 10. 1864. [PEICE 2d.

That none but gentlemen should be admitted NEVER FORGOTTEN. into the army ; that, as at present constituted, it was sadly overrun with creatures of low ex­ PART THE PIRST. traction ; that it soon would be " no place " for CHAPTER IV. AN INTRODUCTION. a man of refined feehngs and good birth, was HANBURY came down pretty often to the bar­ the substance of a meditation which passed racks, and was esteemed "a good fellow." He through Captain Permor's mind as he went out brought his horse, he brought his guns—objects one evening to lounge—scarcely to walk. It of absorbing interest to many beholders. They was summer, and it was fine, and though the soon learnt that the gossips had given out the roads were more green lanes than roads, especially banns of marriage between him and one of the where a hedge opened out in a sort of hawthorn Manuels, and Young Brett, in his off-hand way, window, and showed the sea far away ghstening asked him openly. tranqudly, stdl never was the provincialism of "Well," said Mr. Hanbury, with an honest the place so rank in his nostrils. He came past smile, " I am not at liberty to say much about his favourite seat on the wall—foresworn now it, but I hope it is not very far off." for some ten days—sat down on it, and fumed Then they all spoke in praise of their looks; away afresh at the place and aU its works. they were " fine girls," but the youths lamented After half an hour or so, he heard voices, and their exclusiveness, and the cruel way they kept three figures came past him very gaily, a gentle­ themselves "close." man and two ladies, "Natives" he assumed To whom Hanbury, with all his simplicity, as­ them to be, not worth a thought beyond a pettish suring the soldiers that this was all a pure miscon­ protest that even in these backwoods, whose ception, and that foreign manners and foreign merit, at least, should be privacy, it was hard ways were at the bottom of it, and that, for his (but quite in character) that one could not get a part, he fancied they would be rather glad to moment without intrusion. know people. These were, however, the two ladies of Raglan- On which encouragement they burst into terrace and Mr, Hanbury, The face of the elder genuine raptures. "Fme creatures!" "Such and taller seemed to flash on his, hke the strong eyes!" And the professors of military argot ex­ hght of the sun, which had set but ten muiutes; pressed their meaning in their slang, in which that of the youngest, so soft, so rich in colour, they were very fluent. "A stunner, by Jove!" with strange, full eyes, to absorb and draw him "A clipper!" and with such rude admiration. as he looked. Por the moment he forgot his But he had not met Permor since. Once he grim Pakir creed of indifference. Beside the and the Manuels had passed by that wall, where two faces, the third, genial and good as it was, Captain Permor had swung his legs and held seemed as of a low clown. communion with his blunt pipe, but neither cap­ The "low clown" called "How d'ye do?" to tain, nor captain's limbs, nor captain's pipe, were him very heartily. there. In short, as Captain Permor said half The three drifted by, Permor thought how, aloud to Captain Permor going to bed, when after all, they must be "low," coarse people, at chafing and filled with disgust, "This comes of least, when they could "take up" with such encouraging low people; the only barrier—and But here was the low clown but a few yards the more I see of life I am confirmed in this view away, turning back irresolutely, and coming to —is a cold and steady resistance to any attempts him. Permor's lip curled with hostihty. at intimacy," and he had hoped that this would "I say," said Hanbury, "I must mtroduce be a warning to him for the future. you. It is too absurd, this sort of thmg. But his mortification, whatever it was—and, Come now!" mdeed, it did not seem worth while looking back To bun, in a sort of haughty alarm, Permor ' to—rankled in his mind, and, with a curious replied, weakness, he thought if he could only get a fair " Excuse me—most kind of you—but " opportunity of pubhcly stropping his razor on " Hush!" said the other, looking back. "You his enemy, his peace of mind would return, and see I have told them. It will appear so rude. there would be a salve for his honour. You couldn't, I am sure "

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Permor dropped from his wall, half unpatient, my money. In fact, I'm a different being alto­ half pleased—impatient of the gaucherie which gether. But here I have made it a sort of rule. this awkward fashion of introduction must bring If you don't draw the line somewhere, you about, pleased at this one more instance of a know " When he had got so far, he found universal homage. the eldest Miss Manuel saying something in " This is Captain Permor," said Hanbury, a low voice to John Hanbury. takmg him by the arm, "our friend that we But there was reverence in the large eyes have known so long, .uad. J^ haven't known. of the softer giii which indemnified him. He Ha, ha!" " . remarked, too, with a sort of pleasure, how be­ Permor gave his calmest, saddest. Town bow, side him on this occasion "that boor," as he from long training exquisitely graduated to christened him, seemed to sink down into a the suitable inflection of homage. Rustics might lower Yahoo sort of grade. Among correspond­ strive in vain after such maimers. ing Yahoos, i.e. at Mess, such might have a They walked on together. The elder girl sort of elevation, but on a proper ground it spoke in a voice firm and musical, but it was would be different. It was so, indeed, to a certain decided in key. degree. He artfully kept the talk upon the "Mr. Hanbury is right," she said; "we do higher social tablelands, where Hanbury could know you, and we have talked of you." scarcely breathe, and he really contrived to be Permor smiled. He took out his humility amusing — because half biographical — on the mask (for he carried all his " properties" in his topic of Town parties and dinners, and some pocket), and said, notable men whom he had met. Hanbury the " What tune misspent, I "feai! What useful honest, the admired, was almost reduced to moments abused!" silence. Permor, too, had not forgotten the "out­ (A good stroke, that would have filled the rage," as he considered it, on " that boor's" part, social pit and boxes on a crowded Town stair and several times when Mr. Hanbury struck ia with wonder and dehght.) with some rough and hearty, and, perhaps, too " Ah!" answered the elder gkl, "but we have universal a choir of praise, he quietly, and with so little to talk of here." the half superiority of pity, set him right. This was the result of the effect on her, and The elder Miss Manuel did not seem to take the captain looked at her suspiciously. But on so much interest in this exhibition. She pre­ the younger it had clearly produced the right sently broke in on the personal current of Cap­ Town effect, for she was looking up with a com­ tain Permor's Hfe (he was giving them a pounded feeling of half awe and half surprise. sort of psychological analysis, "No one quite There is always a process of election. Even on understands my mind," he said, veith his agi-ee- meetmg people but for ten minutes, preference able smile, as if speaking of another person of some kind, even the most superficial, there altogether. " Some think me proud, some say I must be; and so Captain Permor chose the am so indifferent; but neither of these classes younger girl on the spot, as being softer and, know me really. It would take years of study above all, more reverent. to know me properly—one side of my character, They walked together for a half hour, four in even—and even then, &c."), and it was just at this a hue. But Captain Permor was the ofiBciating point, not, however, rudely, and in the middle of mmister of that httle congregation. He preached a sentence, that Miss Manuel struck hi eagerly: the sermon, they Ustened devoutly. He had "Well, about the Baron—do tell us? I am some tact in the management of the common dying to hear." counters of talk, and could shift and change his This was an opening for John Hanbury to ride bits of foil with the skill of a conversational in on his great horse, which he did with a genuine juggler; at least his bits of wit were so new to ardour and enthusiasm. It was like the fresh his company, that there was, at least, the ele­ air of daybreak after the candles and hot close ment of curiosity. vapours of a baU-room. There were a few topics at wliich they had been " To be sure," he said. " I know you will be looking through, mere pastoral—or rather say all interested to hear of the Baron. He is down jarovincial-glasses, and for which he now lent for a little traioing-down at Bardsley—out every them his more worldly lorgnette. In a gentle­ day on the downs. Had a letter to-night about manly way he lifted his eyes and sneiered him. Sure to cany all before him. There won't mildly, yet not ill naturedly, at what was be such a horse in." about them. He worked the TO cy© plentifully. The two sisters looked eager: even the softer He put his personality through all moods and faced, who had stayed a few seconds behind with tenses for them, j Permor's psychology, was now busy with the Yet presently he began to see that his httle Baron. arrows were shooting past the elder girl. He "Nice darling creature!" she said, with a said, "They persecute me to know this per­ sort of dreamy rumination. son and that. I declare, if you were to know "Pine old fellow!" said John, taking a different aU I suffer, and the worry I have to endure—— view of him. "And he sliall have the honour of But I don't want it. In Tovra, of course, carrying you the day before, to give him au arti­ there I lay myseK out for it—I get interest for ficial courage." Charies Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [September 10,1864.] 99 " 0, shaU he!" said she, the round eyes swim­ fact is, I have set my heart on winning this race. ming in pleasure. " How I shall enjoy it. We Aud vdth the race, old bog," he added, with a must go. 0, Pauline! we must see. Surely hearty and dreadful famiharity that made Per­ mamma would not mind just for once." mor's blood curdle, " I shaU win something else! Thus was Captain Permor and the analysis of I must teU you / think it is all right—you under­ his mind left leagues behind. He had misgivings stand—the Younger one. Don't teU any feUow, that, after all, these might prove "low" people though. Good-by." too. But the true source was the incurable lowness Now as Captain Permor lifted his hat to the of "that boor," which was breaking out in this two ladies, the idea before his mind had been lawless way. He thought how he must make that he had happily lowered their respect by a an example of him; how with such there was sort of contrast. So he naturally thought, with no keeping terms. But the horse, now intro­ something like disgust, of the whole of the scene. duced, was hard to struggle against. Even " How they can put up with that boor's insuffer­ thei soft, the round-eyed devotee was drawn able coarseness ! It jars on me at every turn. away. He said to her, in a low confidential And how she can! If she was dressed properly, voice, "You have been in Town, I am sure you and trained under good hands, she might do—in have " Town." And Captain Permor thought of the But with an absent smile she answered him, soft Hquid eyes, and that pleased expression of " 0 yes !—that is, not for ages." Then to Han­ curiosity as he talked. " AU to be thrown away bury : " And when will he arrive, the Darling ? on that low boor." I am longing to see him again." That low boor and the two ladies walked home " On Monday," said Hanbury, with the same together; but they were more sUent than usual. eagerness. "1 saw him yesterday, his coat "By the way, what do you think of Permor?" shmuig hke a looking-glass—such a stride; and he said. when I took him over a stiff fence, he cleared it "He is very weU," said the elder; " quite'the hke a furrow. O, he will do," said John common run of exquisite. We know as much Hanbury, rubbing his hands with delight. of him now, as we ever shaU." The two girls' faces were turned to him with " But he seems to know the world so weU," wonderful interest, that of the elder girl with a said the younger girl, tunidly. sort of pride in Hanbury himself, the younger ^ The other's eyes flashed, and she laughed. with an interest that seemed to travel away to "How well you know the world, to tell us that, where the noble brute was in his paddock. Por Violet. I should never ask to see him again, the moment no one was taking .thought of the and if Mr. Hanbury is wise, he wiU never mflict refined Fermor. He smarted under it. him on us again." " This horse," he said to Hanbury, with bitter­ Mr. Hanbury looked mystified, " Why so ?" ness, "seems to be about the most distinguished he said ; " would not that be rude ?" person of his time. You all appear to be absorbed, "Because we know him," she said. "And to hve, move, and have your being in him." there is nothing more to know of him; he is And he gave a sort of sinile athwart the two conceit all over, and of the most fooUsh sort." ladies. But John answered him vidth simpHcity, "He is a little fine," said John, reflectively. quite pleased that he too was interested in the " If you take my advice," said Miss Manuel, matter. meaningly, "for you own sake as weUasfor ours, "I am," he said, "absurdly so. To teU you you wdl spare us his company." the truth, there are one or two nights that I have "But he wiU amuse us," said the younger not slept for thinking of it. You must know sister, doubtfully. They were at then: own door, I have been fooHsh enough to put a good deal of and she went in first. The elder girl stayed be­ money on him; more indeed than I Hke. You'll hind a Httle with Mr. Hanbury. It was nearly think me very absurd?" dark. The stars were out, and down at the "This 'low' horse agam," thought Captain little port the Hghthouse newly Ht was twhik- Permor, and answered with exquisite satire, Hug. " Well, if you put it to me so du-ectly, I must say "Why did you do that?" she said to him. yes!" and he looked for the applause which the "He is a cold, heartless London creature. It stroke must extort. The bright flashing face makes me uncomfortable to be in his society. was cold and impassive, and turned towards He says he wants amusement here, and who can him with steadiness; that of the younger was teU how he may find amusement. You know you waiting shyly, with a half smile of curiosity, to have caUed me the wise woman before now, and hear more. A good opening for a handsome I teU you I can read character, and he don't like exit off the stage. He made his bow, caUing in you. So, my dear honest John Hanbury, we Lord Chesterfield. "Sorry," he said, "must will leave him where he is." really go now. Have to be in barracks. So John Hanbury went his way home that night glad to have had the pleasure, &c," thinking very deeply. He respected aud admired John Hanbury wrung his hand awfully. Miss Manuel, so her words impressed hhn. "Don't you Hke them?" he whispered, as he "She sees things where I don't," he thought. walked away a few steps with him. "You saw and there certainly was a 'nasty" bitter manner how mterested she was about the horse. The in Permor towards him.

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CHAPTER v. A VISIT. and don't try and travel out of it. Then he A WEEK after, not very far from Raglan Villa, talks as we have heard hun, about that horse of Permor and he met. Hanbury was going away his, over aud over again. It w very pleasant to for a day, to be back in the morning. " Were hear it, because, you see, it is nature. Now you going to seethe Manuels ?" asked John Han­ you see, /can't manage that sort of thing. I sup­ bury, bluntly. pose I know a horse as well, at least, as most " How abrupt you are," said the other, smU- men, and, perhaps, can ride one a great deal better ing; " you quite affect the nerves. I caUed there than many; but then I can't put it in so dramatic yesterday, so it would be a Httle too soon, would a way—I can't indeed!" and Captain Permor it not?" snuled pleasantly. He felt he was getting more "I have just been there," said the other; fluent every moment. The large soft eyes were "but am going away now, to see about the fixed on him. horse, but shaU be back to-morrow," Miss Manuel struck in. "I hope he will The first thought of Captain Permor was, long keep that dramatic power, as you caU it. I "What on earth does this fellow tell me his hope he wiU never exchange it for the false affec­ plans for? As if / care whether he goes or tations of fashion, I don't see much good brought returns to-morrow." The second was, that pos­ by them. I hope not—never!" She spoke this sibly there might be a fair and open arena, happily a little excitedly. secured from interruption — this boor always Captain Permor shrugged his shoulders, "You hanging about the place, and thrusting his know your friend better than / do, I don't pre- stupid presence perseveringly on these ladies. tend to say how he wiU turn out. I can't lay my He thought this over several times, put on some mind to that sort of study, 1 wish 1 had time." elegant decoration, and, about five o'clock, saun­ Violet gave a little titter. She could not help tered up to Raglan-terrace. it. It was a titter of approbation. He went in. There were in the drawing-room " His is a fine open manly character," said her Mrs, Manuel, who " had been handsome," and sister, her face beginning to flush, " that would the younger daughter. It was the entry of a be worthy of aU study. If he does talk of one disguised prince into the villager's cabin. It subject, if he is proud of his horses, it is a manly was exactly the Uttle stage he delighted hi, and Enghsh taste, the taste of EngUsh gentlemen. the audience he would have chosen. Mrs. Manuel Some of the English lords are on the turf, are was a woman of silent and depressed manners, they not? I can tell you it requires some a little shy, perhaps, with suffering of some sort. courage to ride a steeple-chase." Por him it was like a little circus in which his She was walking up and down in this excited personaUty might go round and round. He manner, working up graduaUy to something hke thought to himself how—as a mere exercise for anger. Her sister seemed to feel this, for she his faculties, now long rusted by disuse—he made a low protest: " O, Pauline!" The other would show them the difference between true stopped suddenly and said: and trained refinement, and that duU common " Captain Permor, are you going to ride m stuff they had had to bear with of late. He this race ?" really excited himself, sitting on a low chair; He was smiling and twisting his hat between and from that, as from a Uttle pulpit, gave out his knees, like a globe, two lavender fingers his monologue. He was entertaining. He aired being the pivots. " Why, I believe not," he aU his properties. He took his mind, as it said. " Not but that I should like it. Some of were, into his hand, and showed it round. "This our people will ride, which I am very glad of. is where I differ from other men. The common It will give the rustics here a lesson. None of feUows, that we meet in the drawing-rooms, they them know how, not one; they wUl learn some­ can speak but can't talk. Now I can talk but I thing, if they have the sense to profit by it." can't speak. I wish I could. I envy those crea­ " But Captain Permor, it seems, is not to give tures, upon my word I do. I suppose if I laid the lesson." my mind to it I could, H I chose to talk upon, He coloured a little. say horses, I suppose I could ring the changes " We," she went on, " have aU been brought on horses as weU as another—pasterns, curbs, up to admire these manly sports, even when and the rest of the jargon. But I don't want to. there is risk and danger; we respect them, and I ride a horse out in the open air, not in the house, we hope our champion shaU win. Don't you, you see!" Violet?" Two smdes on two faces, one, though, a Httle The door opens, and enter now John Hanbury, doubtful, welcomed this saUy. Just then entered, who stopped as he saw Captain Permor. " Why," as she always did, with a flush, the taUer Miss said he, " I thought you were " Manuel, She looked at him with a sort of hostile The other waited coldly for him to finish. inquiry. "Yes?" he said, It made one more for the audience, and Permor, "I mean, I did not think you were commg turning himself in his pulpit, went on, " Now here." there's your friend Mr. Hanbury. We know " You have just arrived in time," said Miss him so weU, no better person breathing, but he Manuel. " Captain Permor has been ridiculing, has his line; and what I like hitn for, he feels it. I may say " Charles Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [September 10,1864.] 101

"Pray, pray!" he said; "you do use such "There! I feel warmth again," said Miss ugly unpleasant words." Manuel, walking backwards and forwards. "I " Sneering at dangers he has reasons for not am glad he is gone. There is something so false encountering himself—at our horses, and our and heartless about his manner," races, and race-course, and the rustics who are to John Hanbury was sUent for a moment, "I ride, but don't know how." don't think he is so naturaUy; but he has trained John Hanbuiy, who had been reflective, and himself into that odious stiffness," even moody, since he entered, coloured a little. "It is all thrown away on us," said Miss "We shall have some oiyour friends in, shall Manuel. " We are two simple creatures. All his we not ? Well, the rustics shaU try and show attitudes and cold refinements are quite wasted." them what they can do." " WTiat amused me," said John Hanbury, " was "0, as for that, you must recoUect when a his holy horror of poor horses. I suspect a man has been a whole course of Goodwood, steeple-chase would be too rough and coarse a and the Derby, and Ascot, and a hundred such style of amusement for him." things, these local affairs must seem a Uttle poor. The younger girl made no criticism on the Of com-se every allowance must be made. But absent " fine" Captain Permor. He soon passed you know even the course " out of their talk. " WTiy not try it ?" said honest John Hanbury, But they knew very little of "fine" Captain with something reaUy like a sneer. " WeU, never Permor when they set him down as shy about mind, wait for the day." horses. In England, the rough jousts of the hunt "Yes, wait for the day," said Miss Manuel, do not disarrange a fold in the delicately moral " Our horse shall win, and our champion. We cambric which the exqiusite wears. Dandy have 'backed', him—is not that the word— Guardsmen did weU at Waterloo. Permor, putting heavily." his foot into the stirrup, left all his affectations The younger girl caught some of this en­ and ess-bouquets on the ground in a heap. In thusiasm. " We must win." the saddle there was another Permor. But he " I shaU win," said John Hanbury, looking at had not been seen to hunt this season. He was her with a sort of pride, " or—or break my neck cramped in means, and could not support the in a ditch. I shaU deserve it." charge of hunting-horses. "Don't speak in that terrible way," said the He thought it over with many a curl of the two together, " But do tell us about the Baron;" lip. The prospects of overwhelming foes, friends, and both drew over with him towards the " boors" and all, by a dashing victory, was very window, quite absorbed in him and the subject, pleasing to feed on. But he presently dismissed and forgetful of other persons. it. "She," said he to himself, "saw the true Captain Permor, still twisting his hat on the metal!" And again he thought what an effect httle low chair, looked after them bitterly. " Se­ those large swimming, absorbing-like, two deep cond class, ill-bred people, after aU," he said to lustrous little lakes would produce on the proper himself. "Just, indeed, what I might have ex­ stage—a London stage—if she were suitably pected. This is what invariably comes from step­ drilled, as it were, and refitted, and brought out ping out of one's position." And rising, he pre­ to see under the care of, say Lady Mantower. pared to take a formal leave: " I am sorry," he " To be thrown away on that boor!" said, with calm sarcasm (afterwards it was balm to him to think with what Roman dignity he had departed), " I am sorry to interrupt, even for a AN EXHIBITION OP ASSES. moment, your discussion of this interesting subject," and, with his voice, he as it were put Or all the animals that came out of the ark, in italics the word interesting. On the younger the donkey is the least considered by the master girl's face there was a sort of appeal, or beseech- whom he serves so patiently and so well. The mg protest. poor beast seems to have shared the curse with Ham, and to have been banned from the be­ He was one of the most sensitive creatures in the ginning. We may, without incurring the charge world, laughably so, and he went his way chafing. of irreverence, imagine that Noah had a great He would give anything, he thought, for a horse deal of trouble with him ; that he was the last this race, just to show them how calmly, and to be got into the ark, and the last to be got even elegantly, a true gentleman could ride into out of it; that while Shem ascended to the back victory, in the face of aU dangers. He liked to of the stately elejjbant, and Japhet mounted the map out for himself little schemes of polite ven­ graceful horse, Ham bestrode the humble ass, geance, and make for himself gorgeous pictures and man and beast went forth into the wilder­ of triumph; he victorious, boors beaten, shouts ness together, to be slighted and despised. of joy, and then, this would be the retribution: Buffon and Cuvier both thought that the when aU were pressing forward, to cover that donkey was despised only because he cut a sorry family with confusion by a calm overlooking— figure by comparison with the horse, and that without pique, of course, which would be the if the latter were unknown the donkey would way with vulgar, untrained people. have had great care lavished upon him, and thus It was natural that in that little assembly the have increased in size and developed his mental first topic should have been Permor. powers to an extent almost impossible to imagine. [Conducted by 102 [September 10,1864.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND.

Adopting this theory, we must regard the donkey —to his being meek, and patient, and easy tem­ as the victim of an invidious and odious com­ pered; to his not being "good looking;" and parison. But with all respect for Buffon and to his being little. IT-, Cuvier, I am inclined to think that there are Considering how the ass has had, during his other causes for the contempt which attaches to history, to bear up against one or other of his this animal. At the very outset of his career defects, it is reaUy a marvel that the race has he laboured under the great disadvantage of not managed to survive to this day. His career being "good looking." We all know how a from Irst to last has been a very chequered one defect of this kind affects even the destuiy of indeed. There were periods in ancient times man. Hunchbacks, aud cripples, and misshapen when he was regarded with some favour, and persons are not, as a rule, the special pets of treated with some consideration; but at no pe­ society, but rather the contrary. Natural dis­ riod does he appear to have been entirely exempt position, too, is a most important element in the from reproach. In Jerusalem he was the fa­ account. By nature the donkey is humble and vourite pony of the upper classes and the priests. patient, susceptible of strong attachments, and Deborah describes the greatest men in Israel as contented with the smaUest of mercies, and for those who rode upon white asses, aud we are this reason he is " put upon." It is the same told that Abdona, a judge of Israel, had forty with the human animal. When a man is patient, sons and thirty grandsons who rode on seventy and humble, and contented with little, he is asses. Nevertheless, those Israelites, although almost invariably the butt and the drudge of they were proud to ride on asses, considered others. Every one is acquainted with some big- them unclean beasts; and to yoke an ass with headed, ungainly, meek, easy-tempered, human an ox in the same team was an offence against donkey, who runs errands, lends money, amuses the law of Moses. The Persians, the Tartars, children, hangs pictures, sees old maids home, and the Romans, held the ass in high esteem, it sleeps on the shake-down, goes outside the is true, but only when he was cooked. Olearius omnibus in the rain to oblige a lady, and gene­ afl&rms that he saw thirty-two wild asses slain rally does everything he is asked to do by his in one day by the Shah of Persia and his court, sharper and more selfish neighbours. This is and that the bodies were sent to the royal pure good nature, but clever people who profit kitchen of Ispahan. Haunch of wild ass roasted by it call it, in the fulness of their gratitude, was a favourite dish with the Roman epicures; stupidity. The meek and mild character always invites contumely and dl usage. If the horse but their maxim was, to say nothing good of an commands more respect than the donkey, it is ass unless he was dead. They had no regard not because his character is more amiable, but for him when alive, and thought it a very bad because he inspires more fear. Thus the world omen to meet one on the road. The Egyptians will always have a higher opinion of the ruthless entertained a fierce hatred towards the ass, aud warrior who conquers with sword and flame, regarded it as a symbol of all kinds of misfor­ than of the mild apostle of peace who goes tune. They were the first to symbolise a stupid about quietly and unobtrusively seeking to do person by the head and ears of an ass. When good. the Romans sought to bring contempt upon the Jewish reUgion they trumped up a story about But the donkey has a physical defect—a an ass's head having been found in the sanc­ defect which is never forgiven in either man or tuary of the Temple. It was a wicked story m beast. He is Uttle. To be meek of mind and short every sense; but the Jews were greatly annoyed of stature is a terrible combination of misfortunes. at it. They would have forgiven anything out It is a hard tiling even for a great mind to a donkey's head. Thus in every age and in every maintain its true importance and dignity in a country the ass has been despised, aud conse­ small body. The great Napoleon did not escape quently iU used, on one score or another; but the reproach of being little. If you want to for no other real reason, I take it, than that he take him down a peg in your imagination, think is too patient and gentle of disposition, and too of him as the " Little Corporal," or even as the insignificant in size to assert himself and com­ Httle man in imperial robes, who pulled his mand respect. The condition of an animal suf­ favourites' ears at Pontainebleau. We had a re­ fering from such undeserved misfortunes has markable illustration of the disadvantage of high claims upon the active humanity of the short stature the other day, when a beardless present time; and it was therefore but a matter boy got up in the House of Commons, and of course that after the dogs and the horses, ridiculed a veteran minister whose name is asso­ the donkeys should have an opportunity of form­ ciated with the greatest reforms of modem ing themselves into a great exhibition at the times, by merely remindmg the inteUigent audi­ Agricultural HaU. ence that he was barely five feet high. The recent mule and donkey show may be re­ I am sorry that my philosophy should have garded as the first competitive examination of led me to use a cabinet minister as an iUustra­ the pupils of the Society for the Prevention of tion bearing upon the condition of the donkey Cruelty to Animals, Donkey-drivers, who had race; but the analogy was obvious, and truth for years been receiving lessons in humanity must be pursued sternly. I come, then, to the from the officers of the society, came up to show conclusion, that the low regard in which the what progress they had made in the art of per­ donkey is held, and the insults and injuries which suading donkeys to do their work without the are heaped upon him, are owing to three causes argument of the stick. Prevention has, no doubt, Charles Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND, [September 10,1864.] 10*3

done much, but it is reasonable to expect that their knees, they appeared to have been well encouragement wiU do more; for this show re­ taken care of and kindly treated. The affection wards, wlule the society only punishes. which their masters lavished upon them in pre­ ist Qnj One hundred and twenty-five animals were sence of the humane public was most delightful to entered for the show, and though some of the witness. Great hulking fellows with beetle brows, most notable specimens were sent by distin­ bullet heads, and deeply scarred cheeks, were guished personages, the great majority were the seen handling their donkeys with the greatest property of very jwdistinguished personages, tenderness, gently smoothing their coats, patting viz. costermongers and chimney-sweeps. When theni on the back, and even embracing and ca­ it is remembered that the show continued for ressing them. Going round from stall to stall, four days, during which time the exhibitors and seeing affection welUng so liberally from were deprived of the services of their animals, such unlikely fountains, I should not have been it will be readily understood that it was TOO easy surprised if I had come upon the long-promised matter to bring so many of them together. It exhibition of the lion and the lamb reclming was, of course, necessary to indemnify the together on terms of the most perfect amity. owners of the donkeys for their loss of time; Not an improper adjective, not a sound of a and in some instances to persuade them that the blow to be heard! JSad Mr, Douglas thrown '"s who rode oj;: promoters of the show meant them no harm. some spell over those costers, or was it a dream 'ose Israelites^. But when this had been accomplished by the of the good time coming ? In genteel accents, "^O'l asses, coiiij tact and energy of Mr. Douglas, the manager, and in a tone of quiet phdosophy, I heard two the costermongers entered into the affair heart gentlemen, in the very narrowest of corduroys, wanoffecct^^ and soul, and seemed to be quite alive to the the very wispiest of neckerchiefs, and the f Persians, tlie Tffli humane object of the exhibition. The lower greasiest of caps, set upon heads displaying all iieassiiilit»liest»r classes are usuaUy rather suspicious of the pa­ the generaUy received developments, natural lewascookeiOljQ tronage of great folks; but on this occasion and accidental, of ferocity, thus conversing: rty-twowildasstsi they found the great folks and themselves, as " I should not wonder, William, if this here of Persia and lis 8E regards mules and donkeys, on the same footing. show would do a great deal of good in pervent- "ere sent to tie R The Prince of Wales and the costermonger ex­ ing cruelty to hanimals," Mchofwildassr® hibited their donkeys side by side; and if the To which WUliam replied, " I have no doubt sli tieRoimepiiis stall occupied by the prince's donkey was rather of it, Joseph; and it's just the thing as is saj notliing jooJi'i smai-ter in its appointments than some of the wanted, for the way in which some fellows treats . Tiiejkdnora others, was not the staU occupied by the mules the poor beastes is shameful!" And Joseph, thought it a Tcnli of Mr. Tom Sayers quite as smart ? And whUe as showing his reprobation of the conduct of :roa£ Thell»jfl3! the ass-cloth belonging to the prince was marked such inhumanity, put his arms round his donkey's id towards tie i!j,2 with three feathers and the letters P. W., were neck and demonstratively embraced the animal. of alkindsofi^ not the mule-cloths of Mr. Sayers embroidered 1 concluded that WUliam and Joseph were of ittosjnibolkasis with the letters T. S., a garter, a lion rampant, those exemplary persons who, when they have ears of an ass, fa and a figure of Mr. Sayers himself, stripped to donkeys that won't go, disdain to proceed to ing contempt aposii the waist, and standing in an attitude of self- the extremity of walloping, but, instead, give defence ? Princes, earls, prize-fighters, and cos­ mpednpastorrik them some hay and some straw, and incite them termongers were all, for this occasion at least, to action by a mUd " Gee-up!" ;en fonnd m tiies! simply exhibitors of mules and donkeys. ifasawiedstoB! It is worthy of remark that the donkeys were sTCregreatljajB The donkeys and mules exhibited by the all in much better condition than their masters. brgiVen anjtij's: "swells" were, of course, pets, who fared sump­ Regarding them both as pure beasts, any one iFcrvageandiii* tuously every day, were regularly washed and desiring to possess a specimen, would have in­ des'pised, and • cleaned and currycombed, and had never, per­ finitely preferred the donkey to the man, But •ore or another;* haps, done a day's work in their lives. The this, after all, was a compliment to the men, for take it, than tto prince's donkey. Vicar, may have once tasted a they had lavished aU their care upon their [disposition,*" thistle, as Brummel once tasted a pea, and as donkeys and bestowed none upon themselves. ert himself anil* Lord Brougham once ate a fourpenny dinner in Best clothes and clean faces had not been ionofananiiwl* the New Cut. And he looked like a donkey thought of. They came from their work "just •ved niisfortaesB who would say, with the view of making less as they were," and though there was a great ive humanity 018 fortunate donkeys contented with their position, show of linen, it was occasionally displayed in before hut af* that he never enjoyed anything so much in his quarters where it is usual, in other society, to con­ dogs and the«; life. He was evidently, however, a donkey who, ceal it most scrupulously. This circumstance, as regards thistles, was not permitted to indulge together with the complete indifference to their oJortunilJ""'; his preddeetion. It was to be expected that aU own appearance, manifested by nearly all the itfixhihiw«i' the pets would look weU, and they did, but it men, suggested to my mind that after the donkeys was not to be expected that some of the work­ have had then: turn, it would not be a bad thmg leysho^mf^; ing class donkeys, the "mokes," accustomed to have a show of costermongers. i e ey™*W to drag fish and vegetables about the streets all After witnessing so many evidences of care thePreve«'" day, and to be ridden within an inch of their and kindness bestowed upon the poor donkey, fives on Hampstead Heath, should look equaUy it was most gratifying to me to be present as wed. But they did. Indeed, on the whole, at the distribution of prizes on the last 1 thmk the costermongers' donkeys were the day of the show. One by one, as their handsomest in the show; and, judging from the names were called out, the men entered the sleekness of their coats aud the soundness of arena with their animals, and advanced to the ^^ 104 [September 10,1864.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [Conducted by table to receive their prizes. One carried off a shillings to be amused—to see animals driven silver cup of the value of ten guineas (which he against their will, and used against their nature. declared would be many times filled and emptied, Yes, " used against their nature." In tliis one too, before the night was out); another, a crisp sentence is contained the whole objection to new five-pound note, which he handled not donkey-racing. The animal was not intended exactly in the manner of a bank-clerk; a third, to be a racer. He is not adapted for it. It four golden sovereigns; a fourth, two pound is not " his nature to." One does not need to ten, looking quite an enormous sura in virtue of be an "eminent naturalist" to discover this. its being partly in silver and wrapped up in The fact is patent to the most ordinary obser­ brown paper; a fifth, one pound, and so on, vation. The donkey has a large head, and a down to five shillings. I should not omit to large body upon very slim, and somewhat short mention, that one of the donkeys that received legs. It is evident that those legs were not a prize was forty years old. Por the best part intended to carry that heavy unwieldly body of that time it had worked hard, brought up a along at a rapid rate. It is obvious, too, that large family, and never once been chargeable to his foot was not designed so much for speed, the parish. At an agricultural show in Bucks, as to enable him to tread securely. The hoof that donkey might compete with any old man in its natural state is furnished with extremely in the county. By the way, the extreme age sharp rims, leaving a hollow in the centre, and of this animal—^looking none the worse for its this provision is manifestly designed to fit him years—suggested to me that the reason why no for travelling on shppery ground, and for as­ one ever sees a dead donkey, may be that they cending the precipitous sides of hiUs, In fact, never die, but survive from generation to gene­ the donkey is a beast of burden for the moun­ ration. tain, as the camel is for the sandy desert, the Without being very demonstrative in their elephant for the jungle, and the horse for the politeness—it is not easy to touch your hat level plain. The donkey is constantly protesting when you are holding a donkey with one hand, against man's misuse of him. If he could speak, aud two pound ten, partly in silver, with the he would say plainly " I am not a racer," but, other—the costermongers aU seemed perfectly as he can't speak, he does the best he can to satisfied with their prizes, and cheered right convey his meaning to his insensible master. heartily again and again when the chairman When he is urged too fast, he obstinately holds mentioned the name of an exceUent lady—there back and kicks; when he is laden too heavily, present—who had been one of the most active he lies down; but if well fed and well treated, and generous promoters of the show. he will always do the work he is fitted for. So far, the exhibition was in all respects He wiU carry a reasonable burden without a highly gratifying, both as an evidence of good murmur, and he wiU trudge on for mUes over that had been attained, and as a promise of tlie roughest roads patiently and. steadily, greater good to be attained in the future. But without showing any signs of fatigue. At unfortunately for my favourable impressions, I future donkey-shows—and I hope there wdl be Ungered for some time in the HaU, and witnessed one every year—there must be no racing, even the grand finale—which was an exhibition of to please the sensation hunters. donkey-racing. The proverbial rule of the From what I saw at the Agricultural Hall, I donkey race-course is, that the hindmost wins ; had reason to believe that costermongers' but that was not the rule on the present occa­ donkeys were better treated than was generaUy sion. A heavy, long-legged costermonger, and supposed. But thinking it probable that only a great hulking sweep, got upon two poor the best specimens had been chosen for exhibi­ ammals, much too small to carry them, and en­ tion, I determined to pursue my researches in deavoured to urge them round the ring by quarters where the masters of the donkeys were tugging at their mouths, and kicking them in not under the eye of ladies and gentlemen of the ribs with their heavy hobnaUed boots. The the Humane Society. With this purpose I managers of the show had considerately forbidden went down to BiUingsgate at six o'clock in the the owners of the donkeys to bring sticks or morning, when the costermongers were arriving whips with them; but the donkeys enjoyed no in then: donkey-trucks for their supply of fish; exemption from blows on that account. As and afterwards visited the New Cattle Market at they were unwiUingly urged round the arena, Islmgton, where, every Priday afternoon, large they were poked with umbrellas, and banged numbers of horses and donkeys of the humblest with walking-sticks by every one of the spec­ tators who could get within reach of them. class are exposed for sale. At BUlingsgate, I I will say nothing harsher of the racing than saw from forty to fifty donkeys, I saw them that it was an error of judgment. If the show arrive with their empty trucks, and I waited to had been got up purely with a view to profit, see them depart with their loads; but, in the the manager would have had Ids justification. course of two hours I did not notice a single He could have pointed to the crowds who case in which a donkey was iU treated. On the rushed into the HaU at four o'clock on pur­ contrary, they seemed to be used with great pose to see the races. They would not come kindness and consideration. The first thing the before to inspect the donkeys in their stalls, costermongers did on j umping out of their trucks and take stock of the results of the teaching was to relieve the donkeys of their bridles, and of humanity. They would only pay their set baskets of food before them ; and generaUy, when they came up from the market with in-

^ T: Kotii,,., W*;. Charles Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [September 10,1864.] 105

stalments of their loads, they stirred up the chaff boards, and broken shafts, and among these, ??^Uhei,;: and beans in the baskets, to enable the animals uatMe." ],> in the most promiscuous confusion, iron bed­ to finish their breakfasts comfortably. I did steads, teacups, coffee-pots, spades, rakes, books, not observe that any of the trucks or carts were pictures, cradles, cheese - cutters, canisters, overloaded; but fish was scarce and dear in the chemists' bottles, pomatum, maps, lanterns, and market that morning. Perhaps, if the coster­ literally thousands of other articles besides. mongers could have afforded to buy a larger It was as if a fleet of ships, carrying the con­ stock, they would not have been so considerate tents of all the marine-store-shops of London, of their beasts. However, as the song says, let had been wrecked there, and the sea had receded, us speak of a man as we find him. I must say leaving their scattered cargoes high and dry. that on this occasion the costermonger behaved Along this wreck-httered shore, deafened by '"•"selegs,,: to his donkey in the most exemplary manner; the bawling of loud harsh voices, calling and if 1 had gone to Billingsgate with the hope winkles, ginger-beer, sherbet, pine-apple rock, "f wioas.tt'- and desire of witnessing cruelty to the animal, fruit, fried fish, and every imaginable vile eat­ MsoiDucU;';; I should have had to come away bitterly disap­ able and drinkable; through an atmosphere eadseenrelj. ]•[ pointed, steaming with the exhalations of mangy animals, furnished 4 pj-' I think I was a little disappointed; for it was and reeking with the odour of fermenting loUowinthecetir in some such terms as these that I addressed an humanity, for the most part clad in fustian and ™y designed if active and inteUigent officer of the City Police, corduroy, I made my way to the place where *fy ground, ani;. whom I met in the vicinity of London's column: the donkeys are " shown off" to intending pur­ 3 sides of is, i "How is it that the costermongers all treat chasers. Here, surely, was the place to be of Wen fonEt":^ then- donkeys so well ?" To which the active and harrowed by the spectacle of cruelty to animals. forthesandTJesf- mtelligent officer replied: The first thing I noticed reminded me of a le,,andthek)Ki' "'Cos it's their interest, sir; they would be good story I once heard of fifteen economical gen­ 5y is constantly p;7,j fools to iU treat their best friend." tlemen, who proposed to go out for a day's plea­ Jfliini. Ifheeaiu^: " But they do UI treat them sometimes," I said, sure iu a vehicle drawn by one horse. Tiiough "lamnotaraR;;-. pursuing my disappointment. there were fifteen of them, they were desirous does^thebtitti: "Yes," was the reply, " when they are drunk; of adding one more to the number, and accord­ to his insensikle & but when they are drunk they ill treat their ingly Mr. Abrahams, who was the promoter of fastjheohstnBtAk wives, and they would UI treat you, or even me." the affair, invited his friend, Mr. Jobson, to join • he is laden tffliir This coincides with the information which I the party. " What, sixteen people and only one •eRfedandifs'iiri received from an officer of the Humane Society, horse!" exclaimed Mr. Jobson ; " the animal le work he isii'T. who told me that donkeys came to grief chiefly can't do it; he'U never go." " Oh, never fear wik burden c. when their masters were drunk, and when they about that," said Mr. Abrahams; " we'U make trnd^ on for L? were handed over to the tender mercies of him go—we shaU all have whips." patiently and •;•;_ persons who had no interest in them. " On The costermongers and stable-men attend­ signs of fafe:.. Hampstead Heath, Blackheath, and at sea-side ing this fair were so far Hke the fifteen econo­ -andlhopetliei:'. places," said my informant, " donkeys are used mical gentlemen, that they all had sticks; or, ; must be no EC shamefully, even by their proprietors; they can if there were any who hadn't, they had every ikunters. make more by them in a day than they are worth, opportunity of providing themselves with the tftei^culi'JTil- and they don't mind kiUing them," article, as half a dozen feUows were continuaUy ire that costeri:: The pursuit of pleasure is generally thought­ elbowing thi'ough the throng with bundles of rested than TC ?!"• less and ruthless. Have you not seen a sixteen- ash saplings under their arms, calling out, " Real ag it probahleui- stone materfamilias, with her whole family of stingers, only a penny!" Now, I cannot de­ [been chosenE^ daughters, ruthlessly riding as many donkeys to clare that I witnessed any actual cruelty of a Dursue mj reiS-' death on Hampstead Heath, utterly regardless of savage or aggravated character inflicted upon the tersofthedoast;^' their sufferings ? Inexorable trade is not so donkeys ; but at the same time I am bound to ladies and fi^ ine.xorable after aU, even when personified in the say that the " stingers" were used very freely. But it was evidently more from habit, than from With this f* "ruffian costermonger." On the Friday afternoon when I visited the any intention of hurting the beasts. Whenever ^teatsixo'clwi' a costermonger wished to give vent to his feel­ t'ermoi^'ersfffaj New Cattle Market, there were possibly a hun­ dred donkeys, and twice that number of horses, ings, whatever those feelings might be, he came for their suppg down with a whack on a donkey's back. If he !)eNe'fCattle3f«^; exposed for sale in the pens running along the lower side of the great square. It was a strange was angered, it was " whack ;" if he was pleased, .fridayafteni®^^ it was "whack;" if he meant to signify his scene. The ground for fully a quarter of a mile donkejsoftjet; approval of a good thing, it was "whack;" if he was occupied by a dense throng of horses, meant to signify his disapproval of a bad thing, donkeys, mules, goats, men, boys, and dogs, all it was " whack;" if he meant nothing at all, it kickino, galloping, braying, bleating, shouting, was " whack." Always "whack !" And no man shrieking, and barking together; while strewed was at all particular as to the donkey he marked along the stones among the never-ceasing tramp his emphasis upon. If it were his own donkey, of feet, were exposed for sale every imaginable weU and good; if it were his neighbour's donkey, article appertaining to the cart-shed and the tobeuff!:'. well and good. Indeed, they seemed to be aU stable, with an infinite variety of articles not very grateful to anybody who gave their donkeys appertaming to either in the most distant whacks, and even adjured you to give them degree. There were saddles, bridles, traces, whacks, if you were not disposed to do so of your buckles, belly-bands, wheels, axle-trees, iron own accord. It seemed to give especial gratifi- tires, currycombs, brushes, splash-boards, tail­ y^

106 [September 10,1864.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [Conducted by cation to the boys, who could not afford to buy to Italy or Germany, and continue his general "stingers," to go up the line of donkeys, and course of instruction exactly at the point where give them all whacks on the ribs with theu" it was broken off, wliUe he is adding practical to open hands; and the proprietors appeared to the previous elementary teaching of German or think tiiat the boys were appreciative, and were Italian, and his teaching is presently continued showing their animals a kindness. The donkeys through German or ItaHan, instead of Prench. did not mind all this whacking much; or, at Por it is to be a special care of each school to least, they did not appear to mind it; but, I teach thoroughly, to pupils from aU nations, should say, for much the same reason that the the language and Hterature of the country to eels are said not to mind being skinned. A which it belongs. costermonger will tell you that a donkey does not feel these blows; and that is possibly true The working out of this idea has been under­ when the donkey has seen several years of hard taken by a European association for International labour. With constant whacking his hide be­ Education, of which the secretary is M, Eugene comes tanned into hard leather on his back. Rendu, Inspector-General of Public Instruction. Peel his sides and his haunches, and you will To this gentleman, at Paris, 99, Rue de Clichy, find the sinews and the skin beaten and welded anybody practicaUy interested in the matter may, into a thick, corded, insensible, armour-plate. doubtless, apply for information. In the first WHien the donkey has been hammered into this place, there was formed a sub-committee of tliis state, he does not feel blows very keenly; but European association of Prenchmen, under the in his youth his skin and flesh are as tender as presidency of M. Dumas, of the Institut, senator; those of any other animal, and every blow is consisting of M. Deniere, president of the Tri­ torture to him. The costermongers do not bunal of Commerce; M. Hachette, the book- consider this ; but I believe if they were led to seUer; M, LavaUee, founder of the central school; consider it, they would soon see both the policy M. Mourier, vice-rector of the Paris Academy; and the humanity of moderating the use of the Senator Bonjean, M, Monjean, Director of the stick. It is unfortunately an article of the Chaptal CoUege, M. Marguerin, Director of the costermonger's creed that a donkey is an animal Turgot School; M, PeUat, Dean of the Paculty that will stand a great deal of beating; it is of Law; MM. Delbmck, EmUe Pereke, and another article of his creed—and this exhausts Eugene Rendu. This sub-committee resolved the whole code of his religion—that a donkey is that henceforth an educated European ought not a racing anunal, that ought to be made to do to feel himself as a stranger in any country of from eight to ten mUes an hour. It should be Europe, That, for many reasons, the inteUec- the object of future shows at the Agricultu­ tual, commercial, economic, and poUtical relation ral HaU to prove to him that he labours under a gross error; and to convmce him that the between people and people call for strong recog­ donkey is as keenly sensitive to pain as any nition m a system of education suited to the day. other animal, and that it is designed by nature That such recognition would be obtained by a not for a racer, but for a patient, steady-going, system_ of uniform studies carried on simultane­ sure-footed beast of burden. ously in several countries, and in then- several languages, so that the pupils in passing from one nation and language to another, would find no notable change in the course of study to retard INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION. the progress of thek education. That the gathering together hi each school of boys from THEHB is a scheme on foot in Paris for a new aU parts of Europe destined to occupy high move in the way of education. It takes a bold poUtical, administrative, commercial, and indus­ theoretical swing, as Prench schemes often do, trial positions m thek different countries, would and does not propose to stop at the unmediately itself add greatly to the efficiency of this method practicable. But what was immediately practi­ of trauung. Such was the purport of the report cable, its promoters teU us that they reaUy have of the sub-committee, which appeared two years done at St. Germam-en-Laye, and it is now for men and a few months ago; the next step was to who are of thek mind in other countries, to see for found m Prance what might serve as a pattern themselves how one wheel of the system works, school. That havmg been done, the question and if they Hke its action, to provide that it shall now is of extension of the system. set other wheels in motion. The plan is to esta­ blish in the different countries of Europe a series The international school now founded is at of mtemational and corresponding schools for the St. Germain-en-Laye, famous for forest walks middle and the upper classes, which wUl enable and for the terrace, whence one sees Paris about a boy dunng the course of a Hberal general edu­ five leagues distant as but a small part of the cation, to acquh-e thoroughly several modem wide prospect. The capital is within easy reach, languages, each being learned with others, among whUe the boys have, as at Eton or Harrow, the schoolfeUows of aU nations, m the land where comparative privacy, free range, and healthy It u spoken. The arrangement of classes and surroundings of countiy Hfe, for it is part of the aaethod of study bemg precisely the same m each scheme that the scholars shaU not only fence and mtenational school, the English youth, after have gymnastic training, but also ride, and swim, Btudying for a year or two in Prance, may pass and puU an oar; a couple of boats form part of the educational stock. ^Hi %.:,. /

Charles Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [September 10,1864.] 107

Let it be clearly understood, however, that we mopoHtan republic Latin was the common tongue, are not speaking of this school with more know­ because no living language spoke to a large ledge about it than coidd be got from its report number of the learned. What scholarship then upon itself, addressed to M. Eugene Rendu, and did to compel intercommunication between men published lately in the Constitutionnel. We tell of aU countries, commerce is now doing, and the only what is planned. It may be great cry and recent immense increase of facility for rapid little wool, but the cry is not a bad one, and in travel makes even the idler wish that he were echoing it we take for granted that no EngUsh- less frequently tongue-tied by the want of power man wUl send a son to the international school of to speak at ease with Prenchraan, ItaHan, or St. Germain-en-Laye without first going to the Spaniard, German or Dane, when meetmg him and place and seeing for himself how far it keeps the receiving friendly offices from him in his country. promise of its founders. If one could really get good schools and cor­ The manager, M. Jules Brandt, reports that respondence of teaching, there is no doubt that a thorough teaching of Latin and Greek belongs a boy would see the world who could be sent to to the plan, but that to be thorough it should be school for a year in Prance, continue his studies preceded by full primary instruction, and that if next year in Germany, in the year foUowing carry the classical studies be thus entered upon when his books to Italy, and, stiU working Ids way up, the mind of the learner is ripe for them, they as it were, in the classes of a single school, study wiU be acquired more rapidly and thoroughly next year in Russia or in Spam. The advantages than usual, and this with enjoyment. Two hours of such a system would outweigh its disadvan­ a day are given to the language and literature of tages, and the contact with so wide a community the country of the school, and prominence is of boys might possibly be one of them. It cer­ given, as in Germany, to the study of instru­ tainly would not denationalise the young Eng­ mental music and singing. It is part, also, of lish mind. EngUsh boys, sure to be numerous the design that no teacher shaU have more than in any school of the sort thus proposed, would twenty pupils under his charge. be a community ready to fight in play-hours with An international school, according to the de­ the boys of any other nation if the honour of sign here sketched, would contain pupils not their country were brought into question. To only of different countries, but also of different the common schoolboy's catechism, beginning creeds. While the religious care of each Uttle " What's your father ?" would be added " What's community is left to its own chaplain, and the your fatherland ?" Every boy would uphold and school receives all creeds on equal terms, the magmfy his own, and the result in each case iTowth of a cosmopolitan indifferentism is said would be, with the tolerance that comes of near to be guarded against by the careful maintenance acquaintance with different ways of thought, of a high moral and religious feeUng in the anything but the undesirable state of mind in school. And it would be weU if boys could thus which a man don't care to think himself a Prench- learn that there is but one common reUgion, man, or a German, or an ItaHan, or an EngHsh- whatever the number of theologies. man, but prides himself on being a citizen of the The report acknowledges the friendly sympathy world at large. of the Minister of Public Instruction, and ends Equally remote is the danger from such train­ with a hope that the Prench Emperor himself ing of destruction of the boundaries set between wiU recognise a system which " seems to be the creed and creed. If each section of young Chris­ traest expression of the law of education in the tians in such a school is to have its own chaplain nineteenth century." and its separate worship, boy nature wUl exercise So it may be, but it is nevertheless Httle more itself only too surely in argument over those than reverting to the law of education in the obvious Hues of separation, and the oidy danger fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries. is that, like their fathers, they wUl trouble them­ Students went then so young to coUege that the selves more about tenets and distinctions of be­ coUeges were practicaUy schools. There was a lief, and points of separation between Christians, very uniform method of instruction, so that col­ than is altogether good for them. Contrast with leges in Prance, Italy, England, and elsewhere, this a school containing many boys from many sent thek scholars through the same " trivium " parts of the world, like that of the Moravians at and " quadriviura." The fame of a particular Neuwied, where the animating spirit is simply teacher would draw pupils from all parts of religious, but there is one common worship, and Europe to Paris, Montpellier, Bologna, Louvain, no boy thinks of asking whether it be what his and Oxford. The student in search of a good edu­ father would caU orthodox or sectarian. There cation rambled thus through different places of every one is content to feel that the chapel service education from one country to another, and the is an act of Christian worship, and that its only trained scholar was, by the Avant of a large edu­ purpose is service of God and animation to a Hfe cated public in each country, forced to be cos­ of fulfilled duty. The true religious tone of a mopolitan. The educated men Of all countries school, and the right spirit of toleration is in banded themselves into one republic of letters, this way insensibly acquired, but it is acquired and were like the Levites of old, without a more surely than it could be by a proclaimed coimtry set apart for them, scattered among the tolerance of sects with a select assortment of possessions of the other tribes. In that old cos- chaplains always kept on hand.

^ y

108 [September 10,1864.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [Conducted by PracticaUy, the Englishman who wishes to Cawk! Cawk! then said tlie Kaven,— educate his son has nothing before him but a I am fourscore jears and ten,. choice of evils variously mixed with good. And Yet never, in Hood-Haven, even if a school be faultless for one boy, it may Did I croak for rescued men:— They will save the ca|)tain's girdle, be absolutely unfit for another. What our own And shirt, if shirt there be. very costly pubhc schools don't do, it has taken But leave their blood to curdle the recent PubHc School Commission four fat For my old dame and me! volumes to teU, At nearly aU there is a good physical trainiag, at Rugby there is a first-rate So, said the rushing Raven education of the character, but a young EngUsh- Unto his hungry mate, man fresh from his pubhc school, or a graduate Ho ! Gossip! for Rood-Haven, fresh from one of our universities, is probably, There be corpses, six orei^rht! so far as school and university have gone, in point Cawk! Cawk I The crew and skipper of scholarship and general information, the most Are wallowing in the sea,— thinly educated man of his sort to be found in 0! what a savoury supper Europe. Eton, with an endowment that gives it For my old dame and me! an income of twenty thousand a year, charges from a hundred and fifty to two hundred pounds a year for incomparably worse instruction than QUITE ALONE. can be had at a first-class Prench public school —•— for six-and-thirty pounds. At the Toulouse BOOK THE SECOND : WOMANHOOD, Lyceum, every boarder having bought an outfit of the value of twenty pounds, board and instruction CHAPTER XLIX, AGAIN THE SULTAN. cost in the lowest division twenty-four pounds a IT must have been at least a thousand years ago year, m the second division twenty-six, in the that the countess was the ruddled and drunken highest thirty-six, and this charge includes the Wild Woman who used to go about the fairs, and expense of keeping clothes in repak, washing, exhibit herself to the bumpkins at so many Hards a head. She had always been a lady of fashion— medical attendance, books and writing materials. of the very highest fashion. Of course. Yet,, " The meals," says Professor Arnold, who has for all that, when the visitors had taken their described this pubhc school, " though plam are departure, she sent out Mr. Kafooze's hump- good, and they are set out with a propriety, backed niece for a Httle brandy, the which that and a regard for appearances, which, when I was meek young person, who was half servitor and a boy, graced no school dinners that I ever half governess, brought iu from the adjacent, saw." Whatever other views we may take of the pubhc-house, with a corner of her udc-staiHed question, the spur of some added international apron thrown over the bottle. competition may quicken the pace of school It may here be not inappropriately remarked, reform at home. that as Mr. M'Variety was foUowing in the wake of his illustrious visitors, he met httle Mr. Ka­ fooze in the passage, and that, in the most affable manner, he immediately smote the school­ A CROON ON HENNACLIFF. master on the shoulder, and inflicted a playful dig beneath one of his ribs. " What the dickens THUS said the rushing Raven Unto his hungry mate: brings you here, my moonraker?" was the in­ Ho! Gossip ! for Rood-Haven! quiry of the manager of Ranelagh. There be corpses—si.K or eight: "Why, I live here, Mr. M'Variety," the little Cawk ! Cawk! tlie crew and skipper man replied, rubbmg his hands together with Are wallowing in the sea, somewhat of an uneasy expression of coun­ So there's a savoury supper tenance. For my old dame and me! " Live here! Why, I thought you didn't live anywhere, unless it was in the moon." Cawk! Gaffer! Thou art dreaming,— The shore hath wreckers bold, Tkfm^'^-^f'* V. "^'"^ °" *h« door-plate, Mr. Would rend the yelling seamen M Variety. I keep a school. I keep a Httle From the clutching billows' hold! school, to eke out a livelihood. Times are very Cawk! Cawk! they'd bound for booty hard and I don't get much of a salary at the Into the Dragon's Den: Gardens, as you know sir, although Pve been And shout for " death or duty" tliere these five-and-twentyyears. " If the prey were drowning meal "These five hundred years, you mean. And so you keep a school ? W1iat a rum 'un you are. Loud langh'd the listening surges gLerr""'' ^''^'^^'P^y- Eh! mynoblestar- At the guess our grandame gave, You might call them, Boanerges, '.'I'j'etty well, Mr, M'Variety; only you'd From the thunder of their wave! Oblige me if you won't mention it. It's really And mockery follow'd, after, very important that you shouldn't mention it. The sea-bird's jeering brood: It might do me harm with the parents. You That fill'd the skies with laughter From Lundy-Light to Rood! see, sir, tiiat this is a very pious ncighbouriiood. and party feelmg runs dreadfuUy high. I might Charles Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [September 10,1864.] 109 lose aU my pupils if it were known that I had she was interceding in her own despite, and any engagement—you understand—that I had uttering entreaties against herself. She had anything to do with the Gardens. Parents are seen Edgar. She saw him : handsome, happy, so very prejudiced, you know; and people who and splendid. She would have given the world grumble at having to pay half a guinea a quarter, to be allowed to speak to him, to look him fuU make as much fuss about it as if they were in the eyes, to touch his kid-gloved hand. To sending their young ones to the University of sit by his side at dinner, to be in his company a Oxford." whole evening, to listen to his voice, to see him "AU right, my Trojan. By-by, Kafooze." eat and drink, would have been to her ineffable And Mr. M'Variety walked away. "Queer bUss. But she dared not confront it. It would little customer that," he mused; " who'd ever be happiness leading only to her destruction, have thouglit of his keeping a school, and and her death. If she saw him again, she must teaching tll e young idea how to shoot. I once more fly, once more bury herself. She wonder if he tells the young 'uns anything felt that she loved him more than ever, and that about the stars. He's a good deal more to give reins to her love was to court ruin, and than three parts cracked is Kafooze; "bu t he's invite despair. well up to his business, and is as worthy a little And Edgar Greyfaunt! Had he seen her ? soul as ever breathed. Curious, now, that man Had he recognised her when she swooned. believes iu all the humbug he's paid five-and- Yes; the sultan's eyes had condescended to twenty shillings a week to cram down people's light on the horse-rider's little drudge. He throats. He believes in it as strongly as if he had felt flattered and gratified when he was got twenty pounds a week. He's not a bad aware of the influence his presence had pro­ sort, and is worth every penny of his sal to me. duced on her. He was gratified, but not grate­ Egad! rU put him down for a snuff-box some ful. The girl's fainting away was naturally the of these fine days." subject of conversation among the PUgrims when It was one of the most amiable traits in Mr. they had left the house. Sir William Long was M'Variety's character to be continually present­ driving Greyfaunt in his cabriolet to town; and ing snuff-boxes to the persons in his employ. the sultan did not long delay in hinting that he There was scarcely a carpenter, a scene-painter, knew sometlung of the " Uttle party" who had a property-man, a lamplighter, or a fiddler in been so suddenly the means of breaking up the Ills service, who had not been, at some period or interview with the countess. another, gratified with one of these tokens of " I think I've made something like an impres­ the manager's esteem and confidence. Mr. sion in that quarter," he remarked, with an in­ M'Vaiiety purchased them cheap, at the pawn­ finite fatuity of complacency. broker's ; and with the old inscriptions burnished Sir WUliam Long repressed his first impulse, out (for it frequently happened that they had which I am afraid was to lift up the cab apron done service previously, as gifts to deserving and fling ]\£r. Edgar Greyfaunt over one of the employes) they looked quite beautiful. Indeed, it big wheels upon the freshly macadamised pave­ was rumoured that, in this manner, the manager ment of the Westminster-road. had often to buy his own testimonials back " Indeed," he rejoined, biting his lip. " I again. Times had never been so hard with Mr. was not aware that you had ever seen Madame MVariety as to render it impossible for him to Ernestine's daughter before." dispense at least two sets of these snuff-boxes "Madame Anybody's daughter," the young in the course of a season. Once, when busi­ man went on, carelessly. " She must be a kind ness was dreadfully bad, he had been forced to of foundling, I fancy. The little party and I come down to tortoiseshell; but the puU up of are old friends," a good benefit was speedily the means of the "Old friends?" precious metal asserting its accustomed sway. " Yes. My aunt, Madame de Kergolay, picked A remarkable interview took place in the after­ her up from some snuffy old priest in Paris, noon between the countess and Lily. The whose niece she was said to be. You under­ former had told her that she was to dine out stand. A priest's niece! Queer kind of rela­ that evening with some gentlemen—the gentle­ tionship, that. The aunt never turns up, some­ men she had seen that forenoon, in fact—and how. Stop, I think the little party was at some bade her get on her bonnet and shawl. They school where they ill-treated her. Well, my would take a cab, she said, to the other side of aunt, who was always picking up waifs and the water, and purchase some articles of dress; strays of some sort—it didn't much matter for the dinner' was to be a very grand one, and whether they were puppies, or cats, or children, she wished Lily to appear as smart as possible. or china monsters—took a great fancy to this To the counless's astonishment—to her simu­ little LUy. Yes; that was her name." lated astonishment, perchance—the girl cast her­ Sir WUliam Long wuiced. He had another, self at her feet, and, with passionate entreaties, and stronger impulse: to shorten his whip and begged to be allowed to remain at home. And, lay the lash handsomely about the shoulders of again, she implored her not to ask her the the Sultan Greyfaunt; but he controlled himself reason of her reluctance to attend the dinner. again, aud observed, She would rather be beaten, locked up, starved, "A very pretty name, I think, Mr. Grey­ than confess that reason. faunt?" She was sincere; although. Heaven knows. " Not so pretty as Leopoldine. I knew a

y 110 [September 10,1864.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [Conducted by little woman by the name of Leopoldine. By Office. Thank you for the Hft. Au revoir untU Jove, what a little devil she was ! She used to dinner-time." Hve in the Rue de Seine. Well, Madame de "And it is for this senseless, brainless puppy Kergolay grew quite fond of our Httle party. that Lily has made herself miserable,** Sir She turned out badly, however." WiUiam Long muttered, as he drove furiously " Turned out badly, Mr. Greyfaunt ? What away. " Confound the coxcomb, I should have do you mean ?" Sk WiUiam's voice quivered as liked to twist his neck." he spoke. He was very nearly saymg, " What the devU do you mean ?" CHAPTER L. THE COTTAGE. " At all events, she gave my aunt a great deal THE proposition made by Mr, M'Variety to of trouble. She used to say that she was the countess that evening, at dinner (a repast, shockingly hypocritical and deceitful. One day by the way, at which Lily was not present), was she gave the little party a tremendous wigging, essentially satisfactory to that lady. It was of a whereupon, her monkey being up. Miss Lily duplex nature. First it had reference to the bolted." augmentation of Madame Ernestine's weekly " Do you mean to say that the poor friendless stipend; and, sundry pounds and shiUiiigs being young creature ran away ?" added thereto, the countess vouchsafed to ex­ "That's it. Sir WUliam. Unfortunate Miss press her opinion that Mr. M'Variety was " un Bailey, and all the rest of it, though she didn't bon enfant," and exceptionally free from the hang herself in her garters. I'm afraid that the vice of stinginess, inherent, if she were to be real state of the case was, that she had become believed, to the managerial tribe. smitten with your humble servant. I'm sure I " You needn't give me credit for too much couldn't help it. It was no fault of mine that generosity," the candid manager observed, in she took a fancy to me. My aunt, who was a return for the countess's somewhat profuse ex­ very soft-hearted old lady, was very much cut pressions of gratitude, " even when I tell you up when she found that the bird had flown. that your sal can go on, if you like, all the Would have given a good deal, I dare say, to get winter. The concern doesn't pay, nor anything her back. But it was no use; they couldn't find like it; and I must shut up very soon, or, by the least trace of her; and now she turns up in Jove, I shall be shut up myself; but that will the company of that horrible old horse-riaing have nothing to do with your engagement. I woman. Paugh! how she smells of brandy. mean to come out with a bang next spring, so How, in the name of aU that's wonderful, sue you can be practising something stunning in and LUy came together, passes my comprehen­ the high school way between tliis and next sion." Easter. Open or shut, you'll find the ghost " It is indeed wonderful; but am I to under­ waUc every Saturday at three P.M., mihtary stand, Mr. Greyfaunt, that it is your intention time ; and if ever you want a fiver on account, to continue to pay your attentions to this young you'U find Billy Van Post always ready to lady?" honour your I O U. Sounds very liberal, don't " How deuced solemn and formal you are, to it ? You needn't imagine, for aU that, that I'm be sure. But you're rather out in your reckon­ one of the Brothers Cheeryble. The fact is, ing. In the first place, it's rather stretching countess, that what suits your book suits my a point to caU the little party a young lady. book, and that's all about it." Persons of gentle blood are usually chary as to As he spoke, Mr. M'Variety slapped, perchance how they apply that appeUation. You and I are involuntarily, bis waistcoat-pocket. Of course men of old family, and don't sow the names of Madame Ernestine, not being a clairvoyant, *lady' and 'gentleman' broadcast." could not see, through the well-shrunken tweed "Indeed! What would you caU this unfor­ and glazed calico lining of that garment, a tunate child—this young woman—then ? I have neatly-folded slip of paper of a dull grey hue, every reason to believe that she is the daughter which, had it been opened, would have proved of this Madame Ernestine, and she, I know to be a cheque, the amount of which has nothing positively, is the widow of an EngUsh gentleman to do with this recital, drawn in favour of of very gentle blood indeed." J. M'Variety, Esq., or bearer, by a person sign­ " You astonish me. I shouldn't have thought ing himself William Long. But, morally, Ma­ she had ever gone higher in the marriage hue dame Ernestine had cut all her eye-teeth, and than a groom or a harlequin. However, we will coidd see through a millstone or a plaid waist­ call the little party whatever you please. 1 coat as well as her neighbours; and she under­ ordinarily speak of this description of persons as stood the enterprising manager perfectly well ces gens—people. As for paying attentions to when he hinted that it was' not through any her, you are again slightly in error. I never spontaneous intuition of munificence, but for paid her any. It was all on the other side of divers reasons well known to himself, that he the hedge. Je me suis laisse aimer. The Httle proposed to prolong her engagement on terms so irty took a fancy to me, and for that you will, exceedingly favourable. Phope, agree I am not to blame, I don't think " And, whUe we're talking business," continued I ever had ten minutes' continuous conversa­ the manager, " 1 don't see why you should go tion with her. There is time, nevertheless, to on wasting your sweetness on the desert air in improve the acquaintance. All! here we are in that poky httle iiole where I found you this WnitehaU. I have a caU to make at the Foreign morning. Old Foozluiu"—it was by this irre- Charles Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [September 10,1864.] Ill verent name that M'Variety called the Ruler of at one-and-sevenpence a pound, if Billy Van Post the Planets—" is a very good sort of a card; did not keep a sharp look-out after him." but he's a desperate slow coach; his house The bargain, then, was concluded. It suited am't much bigger than a mouse-trap, and there the Wild Woman in every way. She wanted isn't an inch of style about him." an oasis in the midst of a desert, a solitude "Who is this Monsieur Kafooze?" the where none but her intimates could hear her, countess asked, turning quickly on her inter­ and where she could be as savage and uproarious locutor. " QueUe est cette vieiUe ganache qui as she pleased. She was cabined and cribbed me conte toujours des balivernes sur les etoiles ? in the Little South Lambeth street, with the Whence comes he, this idiotic old schoolmaster, school-children down stairs, and the Chinese on with his moons, and his stars, and his other im­ one side, and the nurse on the other, "Va pertinences ?" pour la chaumiere," she cried, joyously. The " Poor old Poozlum. There's no harm about Cottage was something wild, something Bohe­ him. How sharp you do take one up, to be sure ! mian, something uncivilised, like herself. I suppose he's a right to let lodgings, and be a The removal was soon effected. They had httle cracked, as long as he don't bite anybody, no penates. Lily's wardrobe could have been if he Ukes. I was quite staggered this morning conveyed in a peck^ measure. The girl was to find out what he was in the daytime." sorry, nevertheless, to leave the Httle old " And what is he at night ? A clown, a man- schoolmaster and his humpbacked niece. Rho­ baboon, a lamplighter, a fiddler, a joueur de dope, indeed, cried very bitterly on the day of cornemuse ?" the lodger's departure, and, as she wound her " That's tellings. Ask me no questions, and arms round Lily, frequently complained that —you know the rest. Billy Van Post's got him she had now nothing worth Hving for. It down in the pay list, and he draws his sal pretty touched Lily to find that there was, after all, regular. That's all we've any of us any right to some one to like her, although that somebody know. It ain't much, but he's worth his salt to was crook-backed and troubled with bunions, me, and more. However, it isn't about old Mr. Kafooze was sorry too—very sorry. He Foozlum that we're talking. His shabby little said more than once that he did not like the rattletrap of a place ain't good enough for you turn affairs were taking, and that some one and missy to live in, let alone receiving your meant mischief to some one else. The stars friends. You want some place more stylish— told him so. But the celestial bodies, vouch­ something slap up." safing him no further information, he was forced " I don't want to live in town," the countess to assume a bland expression of countenance, returned. " I cannot afford to keep a carriage and to mutter that it was no business of his, and —there were days when I kept two—and in that he had no right to interfere. He kept very eight days I should be ruined in cabs." carefuUy out of the way of the countess, of whom "Don't want you to be ruined in any­ he was honestly afraid, sending for the rent by thing. Don't want you to live at the West- Rhodope, and requesting his late lodger—in a end. You'd be getting into some devilry there. three-corned note, beautifully executed in round Why don't you come to the Cottage, you and hand—to do him the extreme favour of returning missy ?" the latch-key. But he stole a quiet opportunity "The Cottage, where is that ?" to bid Lily good-by on the kitchen stairs. " Don't you know that queer old crib behind "It isn't a Kathleen Mavourneen fareweU, the ball-room. Two hundred years old, they after all," he whispered. "It won't be for say it is. I think it is a thousand. There's a years, and it won't be for ever. The stars teU good many rats, and a ghost or two, but it's me so. I shall see you often, my dear, much very picturesque, and in tol lol repair. Besides, oftener than you'll see me. You needn't take it won't cost you a penny for rent or taxes, any notice of me, unless there's something very and old Mrs. Snuffburn—that's the Ranelagh particular, I'm nobody, but I'm always about. housekeeper, you know—who's been there ever God bless you, and beware of the gentlefolks." since the time of Gog and Magog, wUl see that you're all right and comfortable.'' The countess was nothing loth. GRANDFATHER BLACKTOOTH. "But," she said, as though making terms, "I shall be able to see aU my friends there. THERE are in Switzerland loftier mountains Monsieur Mac ?" and more extensive ice-fields than in the Upper " The whole boiling of 'em. Tom, Dick, and Engadine, but nowhere else does Nature show Harry. Lords and ladies—whoever you please." herself in a wUder or more savage guise. There "An bout du compte, elle me va, votre offre. are no fields of rye or rnUlet, no patches of green I accept it," she answered simply. pasture. Save for a grey nightcap of clouds, " That's aU right. You'll be as joUy as a and a scanty kilt of green-black piues, the gaunt sandboy there, and if you want a nice httle barren hills stand naked from top to toe. Even supper as often as ever you like, the kitchen's on the lower levels there is little pasture for close by, and I don't give a Prench man-cook sheep or cattle, and goats have enough to do to six pounds a week for nothing. What an extra­ gather a bare subsistence among the craggy vagant rascal he is, to be sure. That feUow would precipices. Por nine months of the year snow fry his grandmother in the best Epping butter covers the ground. Such was the region in ^

112 [September 10,1864.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [Conducted by which I found myself on crossing the long wind­ table, to whom a stout burly man, with grizzled ing path, deeply furrowed and full of loose beard and up-rolled sleeves, was ladling out stones, a sign that in wet weather it is on each soup. I was soon seated at the board, with a slope the bed of a very respectable torrent, steaming platter before me like the rest. More which leads from the valley of Miinster into the substantial fare followed, with a bottle of very wUd gorge of Ofen. I had been on foot since good Grison wine, and soon after I was fast early morning, and the evening was already asleep in a little room under the roof, dreaming closing in, with black threatenhig clouds. It of a 'terrific hand to hand combat with half a was clearly high time to think of quarters for dozen bears. the night. They told me at Miinster that I Next morning my host, with Swiss politeness, would find a chalet at Ofen; but by this time I came to keep me company at breakfast. " How had descended the western slope of the mountain about the bears ?" I asked; " were there really wall which divides the two valleys, traversed a any hereabouts ?" marshy plain, and reached the skirt of a dense " Oh yes," he said; " Master Petz gives us a forest, without meeting a Hving creature (ex­ look in now and then, but he has grown very shy cept a herdsman chasing some straggling goats of late. Once I shot a tremendous feUow within high up among the rocks, beyond the reach of a stone's throw of where we are. That was parley), and without discovering even in the three or four years ago. Por some time distance any trace of human habitation. The continual ravages had been committed among light of day stUl lin^red, but I knew the dai;k- the flocks of the neighbouring vaUeys. Each ness would drop down suddenly like a lid. week two or three goats or sheep were missing; Before it feU, therefore, I took the precaution of but in the valley of F'orn we were left for a referring for guidance to the pages of my trusty whUe at peace. At length our turn came, and Berlepsch. we tried in vain to trace the despoUer, One Berlepsch was not reassuring. The little day I was taking a nap after dinner. We had hostelry of which I was in search was still some had the ' fon' very bad; you know what that is, distance off, and the peculiarities of the route I suppose sir ? the hot blast which blows now thither were summed up in this pithy sentence: and again, scorching up the vegetation, and " Toujours des forets, ou se cetchent les ours." making man and beast feel weak and languid. My This Berlepsch was a Job's comforter. Brigands maid awoke me, rushing in with a cry of alarm. would not have surprised me, but bears! Who 'Oh, master, there's something the matter would have thought of bears in Central Europe with the goats; they are running home like at this time of day ? StiU there was the warn­ mad.' I was so sleepy and tired, I put her oif ing in black and white; and more than that, the by saying, ' Oh, it's only a fox; never mind it.' valley of Buotsch, which I saw opening upon the But the goats, which had halted for a few minutes left, was also described as a famous haunt of on the brow of the slope over there—you can Master Bruin. To add to the interest of the see it from the window—all huddled together, situation, just then the last gleam of light faded and gazing anxiously behind them, suddenly from the sky; and, buckling my knapsack more broke into another run, and came scampering tightly to my back, grasping my staff with a pell-mell down the bank. W^hen the maid told resolute air, I started to explore the forest in me this, I knew there was something at hand the dark. The trees stood so thickly together worse than a fox. So, shouldering my Biichse, that the path seemed to be hewn out of some I set off to reconnoitre. At first I went very solid black substance, and to be shut in between cautiously, prying about everywhere. I saw straight lofty walls of ebony, while the cloudy the footprints of some large beast, but they heavens overhead supphed a cover of only a crossed and recrossed so often I could not make shade less pitchy hue. As a philosopher, 1 out the trail. Then the gathering dusk warned deemed it weU not to admit to myself the exist­ me to be home, and so, giving up the chase, I ence of bears in that quarter, as even a possi- turned back. As I was going along, never bihty; but I don't mind confessing that in spite dreaming but what old Petz had made his escape, of mental adherence to that first principle, I I saw a huge black mass crouching beside a started once or twice at a rustle among the rock. Instinctively I took aim and fired. The pines, and, coming suddenly at a bend in the creature gave a loud growl, rose on its hind legs road on a big black something stretched across as if to spring on me, for I was quite near it, I tried to dodge past it in some trepidation, before I observed it, and then fell flat on its tUl I was close enough to identify it as only a face stone dead. My bullet had reached the log of wood. It was not my fate, however, to heart. It was a large brown bear, and weighed fight that day with bears or beasts of any sort. five hundred pounds." After more than an hour's walk a light twinkled "Have you been much troubled by bears below me through the trees, and the yelping of since then ?" curs told me that I was near the home of man. " No, not much. But every year we lose a A strong square low building of undressed goat or two, which we suppose goes into Master stone, with loopholed windows and iron-bound Brown's paunch, and we see his footprints oc­ door, stood before me. In answer to my knock, casionally in the snow. But if you want to hear agruff voice cried, " Komm herein,"and, entering, all about the bears, you should go to Jacob Pili, I found myself in a dim half-lit chamber. Five of Zernetz. He's the man to tackle old Petz. or six children were seated round a wooden Why, he has shot more than a dozen of the in." Charles Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [September 10,1864.] 113

As Zernetz lay on my route, aud as it was otherwise it would be somewhat sickening to raining hard when I got there, I felt I could most palates. not do better than spend the day with Pili, who Coming through the village, I had noticed keeps a very good inn—the Lion. Two or three bears' paws on an escutcheon. These, I now people were dining at a sort of table d'hote learned, are the arms of the Planta family, a very when I entered, and PiU was attending to their old one in the Engadine. They are appropriate orders as mUdly and benevolently as if he had to this day, for the present representative of the never faced a bear in his life. He is a slight house has brought down a good n>any bears but very muscular man, of middle height, with with his own hand. In 1857, eight bears were a curious flat face of a yeUow sun-burned hue, shot in the Engadine, and three or four have which, together with a low pork-pie hat, gave him been killed in almost every one of the succeed­ quite a Chinese aspect. He has the keen wild ing years. The bear is a permanent, although restless look about the eyes which is so charac­ he is yearly becoming a rarer, denizen of the teristic of the Alpine hunter, aud wore the short Rhsetian High Alps. He is a regular visitor to grey coatee with green facings, which is the the vaUeys of Malleuches, Misocco, Terzier, favourite German sporting costume. Having BregagUa, Livrio, and Ambra, and other glens been laid up with bronchitis, the doctor had and gorges of that sparsely peopled and uncul­ prohibited smoking, but he kept a long unlit tivated region, where the wUd cat also still Tyrolese cigar in his mouth, through force of hunts the marmot, and the vulture swoops down habit. After dinner I had a long gossip with upon the chamois. Three, or rather four, de­ him about the achievements which had made scriptions of the Ursus are found in these parts him famous in the Engadine, and drawn to his —the large black, the large grey, and the Httle roof Russian princes and German counts, anxious brown bear, to which may be added also the to have the honour of joining him in the chase. white bear, A fine specimen of the last named, Two months before I visited him, PUi had shot by Jacob PUi, is in the museum of Coire shot a she bear and two cubs at twelve feet dis­ (Chur), and another in a private coUection at tance, and despatched them in ten minutes. He Bevers, The brown bear is, however, the most had been on their trail for some time, but came common, the others being exceedingly rare. upon them at the last suddenly. He fired at On the whole. Grandfather Blacktooth, as the mother first, and was fortunate enough to Bruin is popularly caUed in the Engadine, is of hit her in a vital part, or his position would a comparatively mild good-natured disposition, have been very dangerous, for a she bear is and, in a great degree, a vegetarian. Grass, terrible in the fury with which she defends her herbs, roots, and wUd berries are the chief young. " And, by-the-by," he added, " I dare articles of his diet; but occasionally, when these say you would like to taste a slice of my old fail, or when he is seized with a craving for granny." The phrase was new to me, ana had richer meat, he makes a raid on the goats or a cannibal sound, so I said I had already dined sheep. One is known to have " lifted" fifteen sufficiently. "Oh," replied Jacob, "one can sheep from the Sutz-alp, in the Engadine, in a always eat grandfather or grandmother when few days, although some oxen jomed horns in a one has no appetite for anything else;" and he serried phalanx to defy the robber. Another hurried off, returning in a few minutes with a destroyed twenty-nine on the Buffalora-alp, in plate of dry black meat. "That's a bit of 1858; whUe a third, in ten days, made away prime bear ham, such as you won't get every with seventeen at Zernetz, The bear rarely day," he said; and my scruples being thus re­ attacks cattle or horses, and when he does, is moved, I feU to. The flesh had very much the generally worsted, in spite of his great strength, taste, as it had also the appearance, of hung of which some idea may be formed from the fact beef which had been smoked and not cured in that he has been known to puU a cow out of a our Enghsh manner. I owned it very palat­ shed through the roof, and to drag ahorse across able, a deep brook. His usual plan is to spring on "I'U tell you what," said the enthusiastic the victim, and bite its neck tiU it sinks from Jacob, " it's heavenly meat when you get it at loss of blood. Even goats and sheep he does the right time and in the right way. The paws not always dare to assail openly, preferring to pounce on them in a fog, or to drive them to rolled in clay and baked in the embers are de^ the edge of a precipice, and then to make prize licious; but I never enjoyed old Sweetfoot so of those that fall over. Sometimes, however, much as once I did a sUce from the inside of his he wUl batter in the door of a stable in order to thiwh, I had been after the beast two days, prey upon the goats inside. Bruin's well-known and had exhausted my Uttle stock of food at fondness for honey and fruit has often led him the second morning's breakfast. It was nearly to grief. Although his expeditions are seldom evening when I shot him, and I was famishing prolonged beyond ten or twenty hours from the with hunger. I knew I could not get home time he starts from his den, the bear of the that night, so I cut a good whack off old Petz, Engadine has, within the present century, pene­ and roasted it as well as I could over a fire of trated at different times into the vmeyards of twigs. It didn't need sauce to make it go the Pays de Vaud and the VaUais, where his down, take my word for it." paws are exhibited as trophies in more than one When fresh, the meat has a sweet porky chalet. Ants are relished by the bear as an flavour—so sweet that it is generally soaked for agreeable acid whet, and are licked up greedily some time iu water before beuig cooked, as [Conducted by 114 [September 10,1864] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. by his long tongue when he comes to a nest. ing next day with three companions, he was Occasionally, too, he may be seen sUting gravely horrified, on entering the hole, to find the bear by the side of a stream, and knocking the trout alive; it sprang upon him at once, bore him to dexterously out of the water with his heavy paw. the ground, and the couple, locked in a life and The Swiss bear, however ravenous, never, it is deatii struggle, roUed to the brink of a precipice, said, attacks a man without provocation. When when a well-directed buUet from one of the he meets a peasant, he generaUy stares at him others killed the bear, and saved the man's life, and then trots off. A story is told of one ami­ which would in any case have been forfeited had able Grandfather, who, encountering a Uttle Red not the shot on the previous day broken the Ridinghood with a basket of strawberries, beast's teeth. A contest of a ludicrous character quietly helped himself, but did no harm to the occurred at Berne. A lusty young peasant, who girl, who was too much terrified to run away. had, over and over again, been victor in the annual wrestling matches, inflamed with wine, On the other hand, however, a Norwegian vowed tliat he would crown his achievements by tourist feU into the bear-pit at Berne three years challenging a bear. At the moment one was ago, and next monung his body was found in a dancing to a tabor in the market-place, and with dreadfully mangled condition, having been torn much persuasion and a heavy bnbe he obtained to pieces by the bears. Possibly, in falling, he permission from the keeper to try a fall. The struck upon one of them, and this may have led two took up their position, and after a Httle of to a fight. There seems to be a touch of the the usual play, the man tossed his adversary cannibal about Brum, for he would eat, or at high in the air, and flung him to the ground least kill, his own cubs if the mother did not with a force that would have knocked wuid, drive him away by growls and even blows. sense, and probably life, out of any other During the present summer, one of the bears at creature than a bear. That was " one" for the Berne, when climbing the pole, lost his footing, biped; and, according to the rules of the game. and falling to the ground was very much hurt. Bruin should have released his conqueror and As soon as his companions saw the blood flow­ stood up for another bout. Master Blacktooth, ing, they seemed to be seized with a sudden however, had notions of his own on that score, fury, and, rushing upon the wretched animal, and maintaining his hold, " put the hug on" so worried him to death. desperately, that the man would have been According to Pili, the best season for bear- suffocated, or squeezed to death, if the keeper himting is in the winter, when the footpiints on and on-lookers had not hastened to the rescue. the snow betray his whereabouts, and when he Fortunately the bear was muzzled, or worse may often be found in a drowsy, languid state. consequences might have ensued. In February, moreover, he casts the skin on the soles of his feet and cannot run quickly. It is a Everybody has heard of the bears of Berne. mistake to suppose that he is always slow in his Nobody, certainly, can be long in that city with­ movements ; although he does not hurry himself out having them brought under his notice m unnecessarUy, he can be fleet enough when he one way or other. There are the colossal bears chooses, and a man would have some difficulty at the Fribourg gate, and numerous other bears, in out-distancing him. If let alone, he would fantastic alike in garb and attitude, perched decline a combat with a human antagonist; yet, on steeples, swinging on signs, and stuck about when once wounded, or even fired at, his rage everywhere; there is the procession of bears is ungovernable, and he will face any odds. marching with swords and halberds, to the Such is the vindictiveness of abear when roused, music of flutes, fiddles, and drums, in the cele­ that one has been known to follow a hunter, who brated mechanical clock; and, last,not least,there had shot him, for a whole day, tracking him is the bear-pit which I have akeady mentioned. through woods, and swimming rivers after him. The bear gives his name to the city, and sup­ For these reasons, bear-hunters generally go hi ports its arms. In return, the city, in accord­ couples, and the first shot at the bear is fired, ance with an ancient tradition which has acquked if possible, from behind. In fighting with a the sacrediiess of a law, maintains several man, it seems to be the habit of Grandfather living specimens of the animal with whicli it is Blacktooth to advance on his hind legs; and so closely identified. A lady once left a legacy formerly it was a favourite feat of the Grison of sixty thousand livres for the benefit of the sportsmen to close with him, grasping him tightly bears, but the French carried this away, and on with the arm round the neck, and thrusting a hand, the restoration of peace the citizens subscribed guarded by a steel gauntlet, down the throat sixty thousand francs as an endowment for the of the animal, and then trying to stab him in bear-pit. This capital, however, was fm-ther the beUy. A sunUar practice used to prevail in curtailed by the expense of removing thek Sweden. quarters from the inside to the outside of the There are many stories of dreadful combats city, which was rendered necessary by a curious conducted in this manner. At Dissentis a bear incident. The jail adjoined the pit, and the pursued by a hunter took refuge in a narrow turnkey was alarmed one morning to find a bear cave on the side of a lofty mountain; the man in the cell where, the night before, he had left a saw the eyes glaring through the darkness, and man. The prisoner had escaped by a hole in the fired. Aloud groan foUowed,and then aUwas stiU, waU into the fosse, while one of tiie bears had so he concluded the beast was slain, and went entered the prison by the same aperture. There off for assistance to carry the carcase. Return­ are a couple of pits, one for the old bears, and Oharies Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [September 10,1864.] 115 the other for the rising generation who are to mainly instrumental in the capture of the Prench succeed them. The people of Beme are much king; so Pelham took the buckle of his sword- concerned about their pets, and the death of a belt for his cognisance, adding to it a cage—and "Mutz," or the augmentation of the family, is a knighthood—and Sir Roger la Warr took the an event of the deepest interest to the whole crampet, or chape of the sword for his device. city, A bear has been known to live forty- The De la Beres have "a ducal coronet or, seven years in confinement here, and another to therefrom issuant a plume of five ostrich feathers bring forth young after thirty years of age. per pale argent and azure," a coat given to Sir Both in Switzerland and in Bavaria there are Richard De la Bere, knight banneret, by Edward a number of other places which derive their name the Black Prince, for rescuing him at Crepy from from our friend Grandfather Blacktooth, but he a great danger. It was at tins same battle that is to be found in the former country only in the Edward himself assumed the ostrich feathers Engadine, and has, since the beginning of the and the coronet, and the modest motto, " Ich century, utterly disappeared from the latter, Dien," as he and aU subsequent Princes of which once swarmed with his famUy, In the Wales have borne them, in commemoration of Tyrol the bear still lurks on the flanks of the his capture of John of Bohemia. Ortler, near Gogmagog, in the Upper Vintschgau, Sir Christopher Seton, ancestor of the Earls and m other secluded parts, and descended a few of Wintoun, rescued Robert Bruce from the years back even to the vineyards of Meran. The English at the battle of Methven, 1306. Por Carpathians are also the haunt of another this the king gave him his sister, the Lady remnant of the race, which, however, there, as Christian, in marriage; and, among other elsewhere in Europe, is rapidly declining. ' Old charges, a sword supporting a falling crown Blacktooth will soon be a mere memory of the within a double tressure. Robert's heart went past, and exist only as a stuffed specimen in out to Jerusalem, as we aU know, under the care museums. of Sir James Douglas, who was killed by the way. The Douglas family thereupon took as their coat of arms a human heart royally crowned, ODD ARMS. on a field of silver. The supporters of the Earl of Errol are two Ir the moon is the deadest of aU created husbandmen, carrying an ox yoke. In 980, things, the art and science of heraldry is surely when the Danes invaded the island, there was the deadest of all the human circle. Still, how an engagement at Longcarty, near Perth, in some of the arms known in the Heralds' College whicii Kenneth the Third was routed. John de came to be borne, is interesting when illustrative Luz and his sons were ploughing in a field hard of history, or setting forth the manners of an by. Seeing the Scots flee, John and his sons epoch. Thus, why the four families of Delves, put themselves in a narrow pass, and stopped Mackworth, Hawkestone, and Foulthurst, all them with the ox gear, bidding them turn back bore, or bear, the same charge on their coat for a parcel of loons and cowards. They did armour, and why that charge is the same as the so; and the Danes, thinking it a reinforcement, famous Lord Audley's, is a pretty little knightly took fright aud yielded. Kenneth gave John anecdote, not known to every one; though told de Luz as much land in Gowrie as a falcon, fly­ in Froissart's best manner. After the battle of ing from his wrist, should measure before it Poitiers, wherein Lord Audley so greatly dis­ perched. Hence the crest of the family now tinguished himself, and was so grievously representing the old ploughman—a falcon rising wounded, the Black Prince solemnly bestowed —and the two husbandmen for supporters. The on him the gift of five hundred marks yearly from Earls of Kinnoul, a younger branch, aUude to his own private revenue: a sum which at that the same incident in thek motto, " Renovate time made a handsome addition to even a lord's animo." Keith, Earl Marischal, bears " azure possessions. But Lord Audley, mindful of the on a chief or, three paUets gules." An ancestor four squires who had followed him through the of the Keiths proved himself a more than ordi­ thickest of the fight, divided the prince's gift narily brave warrior in a battle near Dundee, among them, adding the greater grace of leave when Camus, the Danish general, was killed. to quarter his arms with their own, with such Kenneth—the friend of the De Luz—charmed difference as should distinguish them. Wherefore, with his valour, dipped his fingers in the blood ia the coats of aU these gentlemen and their de­ of the Dane, and drew three stripes, or pallets, scendants, we find somewhere—either at the top, on the top of the shield: hence the arms. or in the middle, or at the bottom of the shield— " Gules, fretty or;" whicii, in English, is a red Jane Lane, of Staffordshke, saved the Hfe of ground cross-barred with gold. To end the story Charles the Second by her wit and courage. in the good old knightly style:—not to be outdone Her family took as their crest, in perpetual in generosity, when the Black Prince heard what memory of that fateful ride, " a demi - horse Lord Audley had done, he gave him a further salient argent, spotted dark grey, sustaining grant of six hundred marks yearly to be paid with his forefeet a royal crown." PendereU out of his Cornish revenues. The "Pelham too, and Careless—or Carlos, as Charles would buckle," so well known in East Sussex, was the always call him afterwards—did him good service badge granted to Sir John de Pelham after the at the oak of Boscobel; and Charles gave them same battle. He and Sir Roger la Warr were botii, as an augmentation of their arms, an oak- tree aud three royal crowns, with a difference. y

116 [September 10,1864.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [Conductedby

Tripp, of the Howai-d stock, has borne smce Whalley Abbey in Lancashire had three whales, the time of Henry the Fifth, both the name of each with a crosier in his mouth; the Lucys, Tripp and a scaling-ladder in bend, for his coat have a pike or luce; Lord Comyn a gerb, or armour. " This atchievement was given unto sheaf of barley or cummin; Corbet shows a raven, my Lord Howard's fifth son at the siege of a corbean, or corbie; the Arundels figure them­ Bidlogne. King Harry the Fifth being there, selves in swaUows (hirondeUes); Heiz has a asked how they took the town and castle? hedgehog (herisson); Brooke and Gray have the Howard answered, 'I tripp'd up the walls.' badger, the " brock" or " grey" in some coun­ Saith his majesty, ' Tripp shaU be thy name, no ties ; the Mowbrays bear the mulberry as their longer Howard,* and honoured him with the cognisance; the Gobions or Gobyons have every­ scaling-ladder for his bend." The Lloyds of where gudgeons, or goujons; and the Gorges, Milfield, Cardigan, have three scahng-ladders gurges or whirlpools — found in the Russell and a bloody spear for their charges. They are arms by their descent from the Gorges. The the descendants of Kadivor ap Dynewal, who, Lorraines make an anagram of themselves in in the time of Henry the Second, recaptured the alerion—an heraldic eagle without beak the castle of Cardigan from the Earl of Clai'C or feet; Sir Fisher Tench of Low Leyton has by scalade, for which he was enriched by Rhys, tench for his surname, and a dolphin for Fisher; prince of South Wales, and given this coat. the Breames of Essex have golden breams; three Sometimes coat armour follows an office, not chub-fish typify Chobbe, as Lord Dormer shows a race; as in the arms of the lord of the on his arms by right of being a Chobbe by de­ Manor of Stoke-Lyne, Oxon, which have ever a scent; the Roaches, or Roches, have roach; the hawk as one of the supporters, no matter what Fishers of Staffordshire have a kingfisher for the famUy arms may be. This came about both coat and crest; Nicholas Breakspeare through Charles the First, who, when he held (Pope Adrian the Fourth) bore a broken spear; his parliament at Oxford, received some slight and our own divine WUUams had a silver spear service from the lord of Stoke-Lyne Manor, on a sable ground. for which he offered to knight him; but the " Non bos in lingua "—^I have no buU upon gentleman refused, craving permission, instead, my tongue—I wiU take no bribe, alluding to the to place his family arms on the breast of a Greek didrachm, which had a buU as its impress, hawk, which was granted in perpetuity to the was the motto of a barrister; was he Irish ? lord, whoever he may be. And sometimes Dr. Cox Macro of Cambridge was fitted with coats and supporters evidence successful re­ the motto " Cocks may crow;" a tobacconist sistance to royalty itself, as with the Bul- took " Quid rides ?" and the Company of strodes of Bulstroae, Bucks, who have, as their Wiredrawers have " Amicitiam trahit amor"— cognisance, a bull's head erased, in memory "Love draws friendship," The Gurneys take the of the gaUant stand made against the Norman gurnard; but in Cornwall, where the gurnard gentleman whom William the Conqueror sent is known as the tub fish, the Tubbes adopt it with a body of men to take what was after­ for themselves. The Troutbecks, from that sweet wards the Bulstrode estate from its lawful vaUeyby Windermere,bear three trout "fretted," Saxon owner. The lawful Saxon owner re­ and their crest is a head on a wreath of trout; sisted, and his friends, the neighbouring Saxons, while Otterbournes, Sprats, Herrings, Macke- helped, specially the ancestors of the Penns reUs, Whitings, Soles, .and Turbots, Talbots, and Hampdens. Having no horses, they Weares, Griffins, and every other name under mounted the farm bulls, and rode out against heaven which can be emblemised in beast, fish, the dismayed besiegers, and so terrified them or thing, finds its likeness in the annals of the that they turned and fled. When the king " canting" or punning arms. heard of this, he sent for the victorious rebel, The Highmores, of Highmoor, Cumberland, under a safe-conduct, to court; whither he and bear "argent a cross-bow erect between four his seven sons came, mounted on bulls as in moorcocks sable, their legs, beaks, and combs their famous sally; and royalty was so delighted gules." The Middlemores, of the same family, thereat, that he gave him his estate in peace, bear the cross-bow and three moorcocks; and and added the name of Bulstrode for a perpetual the Lowmores, still the same famUy, have the remembrance of his feat. cross-bow and only two moorcocks. Many of our family arms are meant as the Lord Stourton has six fountains on a bend in most excruciating puns. Thus, the Botreux' his coat of arms, meaning the river Stour, which " gryphon" of Cornwall gave up their fine old rises from six fountains or springs. The bend coat, a blue gryphon on a golden field, for three is his park pahng. So the Humes of Ninewells, toads; because botru is Cornish for a toad. The the same famUy as David, the historian, bear a SheUeys bear whelk-sheUs, and the Falconers silver lion rampant, with nine weUs or springs falcons; Godolphin has a dolphin embowed for set round the bordure, his crest; and Dolphinley, and Dolphinton, and " Strike, Dakyns! the devil's in the Herape!" the Brownes of Dolfinton in Lanarkshke, all is the inexplicable motto of the Dakyns family have dolphins in some form or other. So have of Derbyshire; whUe the Martins of Dorset­ the Pfreuches of Castlefrench ; and so has the shire baa for a crest an ape, with this motto: Earl of CassUis, who, at the Eglintoun tourna­ " He who looks at Martin's ape, Martin's ape ment, appeared as the Knight of the Dolphin shall look at him." according to his crest; but these are not puns. The crest of the Dudleys of Northampton- Charles Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUNT). [September 10,1864.] 117 shire is a woman's head, helmeted, the hair dis- human head thereon. This he got from a strange heveUed, the bosom bare, and the throat-latch coincidence of might and right. He was the down. The manner in which they obtained this dispossessed heir of Bombie—an estate which, crest was in this wise: The father of Agnes for some reason or other, James the Second had Hotot quarrelled with Ringsdale, his neighbour, taken from his father—when a band of Irish about some land, and as they could in no wise marauders came over and ravaged GaUoway; come to terms, it was agreed that they should and to the slayer of their chief James promised fight it out, meeting on a strip of neutral ground, the estate and lands of Bombie. MacleUan and settling the claim according to their mus­ went forth on the venture, slew the bandit, and cular development. When the day came, so came to his own again. Of less rude, if of father Hotot was iU in bed, unable to meet his less noble, origin are^the three combs of the adversary. Agnes, unwUling that he should Ponsonby arms, marking the descent of the lose his claim or suffer in honour, armed herself noble holders from the Conqueror's barber; and cap-a-pie, mounted her father's horse, and went of strangely misunderstood origin and import to the place of meeting, where she fought so is the bloody hand of the baronet and his order. valiantly that Ringsdale was soon unhorsed. The red hand was simply the sign of the pro­ As he lay on the ground, she loosened the stay vince of Ulster; and when James the First or throat-latch of her helmet, let down her hair, created his new order of baronets, and sent.them and bared her neck, to show him that he had out to subdue and colonise the province, he gave been conquered by a woman. She married a them the red hand of the O'Neils in token of Dudley in 1395, and gave this memorial crest their conquest. to her famUy, The Lyons of Strathmore have The Stuarts of Hartley Mauduit bear a Hon a lady, too, as a crest, holding in her hand a royal rampant, " debruised " by a ragged staff. The thistle; granted to them on the occasion of Sir famous ancestor of the family. Sir Alexander, John Lyon's marriage with the Lady Jane, encountered a lion in the presence of Charles daughter of King Robert the Second. the Sixth of Prance; in the fray his sword The Moors gave many a coat-armour and broke short, whereupon he tore off a Umb of a cognisance to our valiant crusaders. In the tree, and with this ragged staff alone laid the year of our Lord 1098, says Leland, " Corbo- beast dead at his feet: an act of strength and rant, admiral to Soudan of Perce, was fought courage so pleasing to the king, that he gave with at Antioche, and discomfited by the Chris­ him this "augmentation." The next story is tians. The night cumming on yn the chace of not so pleasant, telUng, as it does, of disgrace, this bataile, and waxing dark, the Christianes not of honour. The Davenports of Cheshire being four miles from Antioche, God, willing the bear a man's head cut off below his shoulders, saufte of the Christianes, showed a white star with a halter round his neck; a crest borne or molette of five pointes on the Christen host, ever since the time when a Davenport was taken which to every mannes sighte did lighte and prisoner in one of the York and Lancaster fac­ arrest upon the standard of Albrey de Vere, tion fights, and spared execution on condition there shyning excessively." Wherefore the De that he and aU hb line should adopt this crest Vere famUy bore for thek arms in the twelfth in memory and in token. Worse than this is the century, " Quarterly gules and or, in the first "demi-negro proper, manacled with a rope," quarter a star or mullet of five pomtes or." which Sir John Hawkins received from Queen They used this star also as a badge. " The Erie Elizabeth, in honour of his having so usefully of Oxford's men had a starre, with streames enslaved and manacled the negro. He would both before and behind, on their lyveiys." not have much relished the result of his work if If the Martins bear an ape for thek crest, so he had lived to see it as it is at the present day, do the Pitzgeralds, Earls of KUdare (Dukes of and would have rather had a white man's hand Leinster now); with two apes for supporters: breaking the black man's chains, than the rope emblems taken from the strange event which and the manacle, as his cognisance. But times befel the father of John, the first earl, who was change, and not only we, but moraUties change taken out of his cradle by a baboon kept on with them. the premises for sport, and dandled on the Remnants of old classical stories meet us in housetop. The beast, however, meant love not heraldry. The arms of the city of Glasgow mischief, and brought the babe down safe, after figure a salmon holding a ring in his mouth, a having frightened the household into fits; hence tree with a bird perched thereon, and a big bell the family took an ape as their crest, and two hanging thereto. This assemblage is to com­ apes for thek supporters, with " Crom a boo"— memorate the story of a lady who had lost her " I wiU burn," for their motto. The Vaughans ring in the river, but whose jealous husband bear "sable; a chevron between two chddren's would hear of nothmg but lovers and love- heads coupe at the shoulders argent; their tokens ; whereupon the lady, with many prayers perukes or; enwrapped about the necks with as and tears, did " mean" herself to St. Kentigern many snakes proper." This is to tell the world if but he would show her innocence; and St. that once a Uttle Vaughan was born with a Kentigern sent on to the hook of a certain fisher­ snake wreathed round its neck, which you may man a fine fat salmon, which, when the lady's believe or not, according to your pleasure. cook opened to dress it, disclosed the lost ring, MacleUan, Lord Kirkcudbright, bears for crest to the complete restoration of the lady's name, ^ right arm, the hand grasping a dagger with a and the repetition of the old classic story of z US [September 10,1864.J ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [Conductedby

Polycrates, and the stUl older Eastern myth of worn in the time of Richard the Second, Which Solomon and the evU genu. And in speaking flasques were granted to gentlewomen as a reward for the last time of fish, we may state that for good deeds rendered to prince or princess. several Swiss and German famihes bear for arms This was in days when heraldry meant a Hving fish skeletons only; which look as uncomfortable thing, and before the times of such irreverent as the arms " adumbrated," or only traced in knaves as WiUiam and Christopher Dakyns, outline, in use in old times to show that aU the makers of false pedigrees aud dealers in false substance, that is the land and the tenements, coats, who, so long ago as the reign of Queen had depai-ted, and only the empty title re­ Elizabeth, fitted over a hundred families with mained. pretended genealogies. Wilham lost his ears The manner of bearing the coat ai-mour—or for the offence ou his first conviction, and was to speak correctly, of charging the field—^varied imprisoned twice. according to merit; all things not being equally There is a meaning, and was once a beginning, honouraiile; for even two colours (tenne and to even royal arms; which seem as if they had sanguine) are " stainand" or disgraceful, and the always been what they are now, and which it arms of abatement were known to every knight would cost a small rebellion to change. as the worst punishment, short of personal vio- The genesis of the royal arms of England is lence> that could be made for unknightly vices rather curious. William the Conqueror, William in those days. Each charge and every position Rufus, and Henry the First, all bore two hons, meant something. The pale was a park paling or "leopards, passant guardant," says tradition; (first borne by Hugh, Lord of Hinckley, high Stephen, two centaurs, with lions'bodies instead steward to Henry the First), but not to be con­ of horses', also traditional; Henry the Second founded with the " party per pale" of blazoning; continued the more ancient lions or leopards, the chevron was a house-top, and old Legh, in adding a thkd for his wife, Eleanor of Aquitame Ids Accidens of Armorie, speaks of one " bear­ and Guyenne, which again is traditional: (but ing three cheveroneUs; the auncestors of this the fact that Richard the First so bore them is hath budded three grete houses in one province;" established). Hemj's badge was a carbuncle, the cross leaves no room for doubt that it came " the gem escarbuncle which is found within the originally from the cmsades; the canton is a saphk," and which a dragon kept from the poUu- thing cantonee or cornered; but no one knows tion of profane fingers. His device was a "genet" I quite what is the saltke, heralds being di­ (viven-a genetta) passing between two sprigs vided as to its meaning, Gutee, or sprinkled, of broom, which seems to have been origuially came originally from the Duke of Anjou, King meant as a mere play upon words : " H portoit of Sicily, who, after the loss of that island, ap­ ung Genett entre deux Plantes de Geneste," as peared at a tournament with a black shield the old phrase went. In 1235 the Emperor Pre- sprinkled with water to indicate tears for his derick sent three leopards to Henry the Third, in loss, Gutee de sang was when the shield was token of armorial bearings which iie bore. His blood spotted; and gutee de poix when it was motto was " Ke ne dune, ke ne tine, ne pret splashed with the bunung pitch which it was ke desire"—" he who gives not what he has, the custom for the besieged to fling down from takes not what he deskes," Edward the First had the castle gates. Those roundlets or plates of for his badge a rose, the flower gold, the stalk aU colours so often seen, also mean different green ; on the reverse of his great seal is a bear things. They are bezants or Byzantine golden standing against a tree; and ou his coat armour coins; plates or sUver coins; torteaux—tortellys, he joined his wife's arms by " dimidiation." Ed­ or Httle cakes, emblematic of plenty and repre­ ward the Third quartered the arms of France, senting* bread; pommes or apples; hurts or as has been said, the three Hons on the first and whortleberries; pellets or ogresses—meaning the fourth, and a field "seme" of fleur-de-lys on the piletta or leaden heads of blunt arrows used second and third. His supporters were a gold for kUling deer but saving the skin; golpes Hon ou the right, on the left a silver falcon, or wounds (five golpes are the five wounds " membered or," that is with beak, claws, &c., of Christ); oranges; and guzes or eyeballs; in gold. His devices were many. One was according as they are gold, sUver, red, green, the stock of a tree, with two green sprigs blue, black, purple, orange, or sanguine. Even issuant, to show his flourishing line; another women—though not aUowed to bear a crest, was a griflan, which he bore on his private seeing they could not wear it in its origm, seal; a third was an eagle, a device granted as the ensign of estate and name on the helmet, with great pomp to WiUiam Montacute, Earl and only suffered to take their husband's or of Salisbury; a fourth was a sword erect on a father's "cote armure" under certain restric­ cliapeau, the blade enfiled with three fleur-de- tions—even they had a special charge assigned lys, in token of his French successes ; and em­ them for good offices ; as in the " flasques " or broidered on the shield and tunic, in which he " voiders," those pieces hoUowed out of the sides went to the Canterbury tournament of 1349, of the shield to represent the hoUowed arm-holes was this motto, with a white swan for a cogni­ of the surcoat, the sleeveless or voided garment sance : Hay ! hay! the wythe swan, * Dame Julyan Berners said it should be " wastel By Godes soule I am thy man! brede," the finest bread made, from the Fraich gas- His son, the Black Prince, bore "a sunne teau or gateau. arysing out of the clowdes, betokening that, Charles Dickens.] ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [September 10,1864.] 119

although his noble courage and princely valour motto was " Dien et mon Droit;" his sup]3orters had hitherto been hid and obscured from the two antelopes, afterwards two angels; his co­ world, now he was arysing to glory and lionnor lours were white and blue ; and his distinctive in Prance." We have said before that it was badge the red rose of Lancaster. at the battle of Cre^y he assumed the three Edward the Third, the first of the House of ostrich feathers and coronet, which he had taken York, quartered like his predecessors, but chose from John of Bohemia, with the motto "Ich a lion and a black bull " armed or" for his sup­ Dien," as we yet have them. Richard the porters. His first badge was a black dragon, Second had a white hart and a white falcon, gold clawed, and his device was a falcon on a also two angels for the supporters of his shield, fetter-lock, the fetter-lock open. This was in which he laid on a white hart collared and allusion to the device of his great-grandfather, chained, in memory of his mother's device, the Edmund of Langley, first Duke of York, " who, white hind ; aud which was not unlike the white after the king his father had endowed him with hart issuing from a tower, of the Irish badge. the castle of Potheringhay, which he new buUt He was fond of this device; for, in the ninth in form and fashion of a fetter-lock, assumed to year of his reign, we find him pawning certain himself his father's falcon, and placed it on a jewels, " a la guyse de oerfs blancs," and in the fetter-lock, implying thereby that he was locked twenty-second he had, as one of the items of up from the hope and possibility of the kingdom. his wardrobe, a sword-belt and sheath of red Upon a time, finding his sons beholding this velvet, embroidered with white harts crowned, device set upon a window, asked what was and with rosemary branches. Another favourite Latin for a fetter-lock, whereupon the father device was a sun in his splendour, from his said, * If you cannot tell me I will tell you: father's badge; another, a white falcon, which Hie, hsec, hoc, et taceatis,' reveaUng to them forty knights and forty esquires bore at a cer­ his meaning, and advising them to be silent and tain tournament; and another was the planta quiet, as God knoweth what may come to pass. genista, the broom, with the opened pods of This his great-grandchild, Edward the Fourth, which—the seeds escaping—his robe in the reported, and bore it, and commanded that his monumental effigy at Westminster Abbey is younger son, royal Duke of York, should use the strewn. device of a fetter-lock, but opened, as Roger Wall, a herald of that time, reporteth." He Henry the Fourth, the first of the House of wore the white rose, being the badge of Morti­ Lancaster, bore the same coat of arms, with a mer, Earl of March, in whose right he had the diiference: he reduced the fleux-de-lys, which earldom also ; but after the battle of Mortimer's had been sem6 or scattered, to five; and his Cross, where he saw three suns in one, he added supporters were an antelope aud a swan, both golden rays to the rose, of which came from the Bohuns by his wife. He bore this same swan and antelope em­ Richard the Third had two boars for his sup­ broidered on blue and green velvet, when he porters, and on the day of his coronation thk- entered the lists against Mowbray, Duke of teen thousand pigs were worked on fustian, and Norfolk, who, on his side, and in allusion to borne by his faction. The old distich— his name, bore the mulberry-tree. Henry also bore a fox-tail "dependent proper ;" emble­ The rat, the cat, and Lovel the dog. matic of the old saymg, " if the lion's skinne Ruled all England under the hog, were too short, piece it with a fox's tail"— meant this device, no more, said the defendants, add craft to courage. The red nose he in­ solemnly ignoring well-fitting caps, Edward herited from his grandfather, and the double the Fourth had the lion and the bull for his sup­ SS was also his device. Henry the Fifth still porters, a white rose " in soliel," and a pyramid further reduced the fleur-de-lys on his shield of feathers coming out of a crown for his to three, m imitation of the Prench king; he badges, and his colours were murrey and blue, ensigned the arms of England with an imperial Henry the Seventh, the first of the great Hue crown, and took for his supporters a lion and an of Tudor, kept to the old shield, but changed antelope. On his tomb iu Westmmster Abbey the supporter to the red dragon of CadwaUader, an antelope and a swan are chained to a beacon; and a white greyhound. In the twenty-thkd one of his favourite devices; meaning either year of his reign he ordered that a standard, that he would be a light to guide his people bearing a red dragon, should be placed in West­ unto all good and honour, or else in token of minster Abbey. It was to be of red sarcenet his many hard wars with Prance, " his sudden and hot alarms." He too affected the fox's embroidered with gold, its tongue was to be tail; for he gave Walter Hungcrford the castle continually moving, and its eyes were to be of and barony of Homet in Normandy, on con­ sapphkes. The greyhound he got from the dition that he and his heks should pay the king Nevilles, his wife's gi-andmother's family. Among suit and service at the "Castle of Roan," other badges, he bore the dun cow, in allusion bringing him one lance with a fox's tail to Guy, Earl of Warwick, from whom he had dependent. Another of his badges was a fleur- descended through the Beauchamps. He bore de-lys crowned, and his motto was " Ung sans the crowned portcullis of Somerset, and the plus." Henry the Sixth chose a panther, seme roses of the rival houses parti pale, that is, spUt of roundlets of all colours, from the Beauforts ; down the middle, one half red and the other and two white ostrich feathers iu saltire. His white; afterwards the white rose was set within the red, as we bear it to the present day. As 120 ALL THE YEAR ROUND. [September 10,1864.] he was crowned king on the field of battle, with arms in any way like our present. In the first Richard's crown found in a hawthorn-bush, so and fourth quarters were the lions of England he bore the crown and bush, with the letters and the lilies of France; in the second the red H. R. and H. £., as may be seen in the windows lion of Scotland within his tressure fleury; in of Westminster Abbey chapel. the third the Irish harp. His motto was " Beati Henry the Eighth omitted the greyhound, pacifici;" his crests were the red lion of Scot­ turned the red dragon to the left side, and took land, the English lion passant guardant, and the royal lion, which had been his crest, for his the fleur-de-lys,an d his supporters were the lion right or dexter supporter; some say the left and unicorn; his device was a red rose and was a silver bull, crowned, hoofed, horned, &c., thistle "dimidiated," and crowned. Charles "or," others a silver cock, combed, wattled, and the First bore the same coat of arms, with legged," or," holding in his beak a slip of flowers, " Justitia et Veritas" as his motto for Scotland. golden with green leaves. Among his other de­ On a piece struck at Holyrood, June 18,1633, to vices, were a flame of fire,an d an armed leg cut commemorate his coronation, was figured a large off at the thigh, the foot passing through three thistle, with many stalks and heads, and " Hiuc crowns of gold, typifying his trampling on tiie nostrffi crevere rosae" as the legend—from the triple crown of the Pope. He had two mottoes, Scotch thistle came his right to the roses of " Dieu et mon Droit," and " Semper vivat in England. His state motto was as ours, " Dieu eterno," which he caused to be placed on the et mon Droit." Charles the Second aud James valance of a certain splendid tent of his, the the Second bore the same. William and Mary summit of which was ornamented by his royal added the arms of Orange; WiUiam's motto beasts, the red dragon, the antelope, the Hon, being "Je meintien dray;" ou his seal for and the greyhound. Scotland, "FaventeDeo." When he landed, he Catherine of Aragon had for her badges the had a banner with the royal legend " Dieu et rose and pomegranate conjoined, and a sheaf of mon Droit"—" And I wUl maintain it," below: arrows; her supporters were a gold lion and a on another, "The Protestant Religion and black eagle with a golden nimbus round its Liberties of England." In a certain portrait, head, and golden claws. Poor Anna BuUen had wherein he is painted in the habit of the Garter, a leopard for her right hand, and for her left on the edge of the mantle is written " Veniendo a male griffin, all barbed and spiked with gold restituet rem." Anne had for her motto " Semper spikes. Jane Seymour bore the lion and uni­ eadem," and went back from the blue and orange corn. Anne of Cleves had a black lion ; on her of William and Mary to the yellow and red of wedding-ring was this posy, " God send me wel the Stuarts. She changed the royal arms, im­ to keep," and her device was an escarbuncle. paling England and Scotland in the first and Cathenne Howard had a fine coat; and Ca­ fourth, giving the second to the lilies of Prance, therine Parr a lion, with an unknown beast and the third to the Irish harp. George the chained and breathing flames. Her device was Pirst added a fourth quartering of his own, the a maiden's bust issuing from a triple rose, red Hanoverian arms, and resumed the " Dieu et white and red. mon Droit," with the lion and unicorn as the Edward the Sixth had the same shield as his supporters; though before he was king he had father—^his supporters still the lion and red had two savages to perform this office. In this dragon. His badge was a cannon proper, pouring manner the royal arms continued until 1816, forth flame and smoke; also a sun in its splen­ when George the Third omitted the Prench dour ; and his motto was " Idem per diversa." lilies, and put the Hanoverian quartering into an Mary bore the eagle to the right with a sHp of inescutcheon. The only alteration to which, pomegranate below, and the Hon to the left, since then, has been the"omission of that shield: over a rose-branch. Her motto was " Veritas when our present Queen came to the throne, temporis filia." Her badges were a white and and her uncle—King of Hanover by the Salic law red rose, impaled with a sheaf of arrows; a —took the White Horse to himself. pomegranate, in memory of her mother; a sword erect on an sdtar, with the motto, " Pro ara et regia custodia." Elizabeth went back to the NEW WORK BY MR. DICKENS, Hon and dragon (whence Rouge Dragon one of In Monthly Parts, uniform with the Original Editions of the poursuivants). She bore three shields on her "Pickwick," "Copperfleld," &c. coat armour: one had the arms of England and Now publishing. PART V., price Is., of Prance quarterly—this was to the right; to the left was a shield with the Irish harp; at the OUR MUTUAL FRIEND. base, the shield for Wales, quarterly red and gold, BY CHARLES DICKENS. with a Hon in each field countercharged, that is of the colour opposite to the field. Her motto IN TWENTY MONTHLY PARTS. was " Semper eadem;" her livery was white and With Illustrations by MAECDS STONE. green, and her favourite badge like her mother's, London: CHAPMAK and HALL, 193, Piccadilly. a falcon with a crown and sceptre. But she had many badges : too many to enumerate. Just published, bound in green cloth, price 5s. 6d., James the Pirst was the first to bear the royal THE ELEVENTH YOLUME.

The Right of Translating Articles from ALL THE YEAB ROUND M reserved by the Authors.

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