DOCSLIB.ORG

India and Sri Lanka After the Ltte

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INDIA AND SRI LANKA AFTER THE LTTE Asia Report N°206 – 23 June 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. INDIA IN SRI LANKA – INTERESTS VS. ASPIRATIONS ....................................... 2 A. HOW DELHI GOT HERE: INDIA’S INVOLVEMENT IN SRI LANKA’S CONFLICTS .............................. 2 B. INDIA’S POST-WAR SRI LANKA POLICY AND COLOMBO’S GO SLOW APPROACH .......................... 6 1. Economic integration – moving slowly ....................................................................................... 6 2. Fishing disputes ........................................................................................................................... 7 3. Humanitarian assistance and reconstruction in a militarised north and east ................................ 8 4. TNA-government talks: little prospect of a negotiated political settlement .............................. 11 III. CONSTRAINTS ON INDIA’S LEVERAGE ............................................................... 14 A. THE ECONOMIC TIES THAT BIND ............................................................................................... 14 B. COLOMBO DIVERSIFIES ITS PARTNERS ....................................................................................... 14 1. Ambivalence over military assistance ........................................................................................ 15 2. Deepening ties to Pakistan ......................................................................................................... 16 C. CHINA AND SRI LANKA .............................................................................................................. 17 D. GROWING INDIAN FEARS ABOUT CHINESE INFLUENCE ............................................................... 19 E. RESPONDING IN KIND? ............................................................................................................... 20 IV. THE TAMIL NADU FACTOR ...................................................................................... 21 A. PARTY POLITICS AND THE EBB AND FLOW OF THE SRI LANKAN TAMIL CAUSE .......................... 21 B. ENDURING RESONANCE, TENUOUS TRACTION ........................................................................... 23 C. KEEPING UP APPEARANCES ....................................................................................................... 25 D. KILLING THEM SOFTLY .............................................................................................................. 26 E. SMOULDERING EMBERS ............................................................................................................. 28 V. OTHER FACTORS ......................................................................................................... 30 A. THE LTTE IN INDIA? ................................................................................................................. 30 B. SRI LANKA TAMIL REFUGEES .................................................................................................... 32 VI. CONCLUSION: WHAT INDIA CAN DO.................................................................... 36 APPENDICES A. MAP OF SRI LANKA ......................................................................................................................... 39 B. MAP OF TAMIL NADU ...................................................................................................................... 40 C. GLOSSARY OF TERMS ...................................................................................................................... 41 D. ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL CRISIS GROUP .................................................................................... 43 E. CRISIS GROUP REPORTS AND BRIEFINGS ON ASIA SINCE 2008 ......................................................... 44 F. CRISIS GROUP BOARD OF TRUSTEES ................................................................................................ 46 Asia Report N°206 23 June 2011 INDIA AND SRI LANKA AFTER THE LTTE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY India has long been the country with the greatest influence is concentrated in the president’s family and the military; over Sri Lanka but its policies to encourage the govern- attacks on independent media and political opponents ment there towards a sustainable peace are not working. continue with impunity. Even on Indian-sponsored devel- Despite India’s active engagement and unprecedented opment projects and economic integration, the Sri Lankan financial assistance, the Sri Lankan government has failed government has dragged its feet; for example, construc- to make progress on pressing post-war challenges. Gov- tion has begun on only a handful of the 50,000 houses ernment actions and the growing political power of the India has offered to build in the northern province. military are instead generating new grievances that in- crease the risk of an eventual return to violence. To sup- While officials in New Delhi admit they are frustrated, port a sustainable and equitable post-war settlement in India remains hesitant to press President Rajapaksa’s regime Sri Lanka and limit the chances of another authoritarian very hard. This is due in part to its history of counter- and military-dominated government on its borders, India productive interventions in Sri Lanka. India’s misguided needs to work more closely with the United States, the policy of arming Tamil militants in 1980s significantly European Union and Japan, encouraging them to send the expanded the conflict, and its decision to send peace- message that Sri Lanka’s current direction is not accept- keepers to enforce the 1987 Indo-Lanka accord ended in able. It should press for the demilitarisation of the north, a disaster as the LTTE fought them to a standstill and later return to civil administration there and in the east and the took revenge by assassinating former Indian Prime Minis- end of emergency rule throughout the country. ter Rajiv Gandhi in 1991. India’s interventions have made Sri Lankans of all communities suspicious, limiting India’s New Delhi’s relations with Sri Lanka in the two years room for manoeuvre. Many Sinhalese see India as favour- since the defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ing Tamils and as wanting to weaken or divide the coun- (LTTE) have had four main priorities: try, despite its crucial role in destroying the Tamil Tigers. For many Tamils, on the other hand, India is seen as hav- providing humanitarian assistance to displaced Tamils ing repeatedly broken its pledges to defend their rights in the north and east; and protect their lives, especially during the final phase of the war in 2009. supporting major development projects, primarily in the north, with concessionary loans; India’s reluctance to put serious pressure on the Sri Lankan pressing the Sri Lankan government and the main Sri government is also due to strategic considerations, in par- Lankan Tamil political alliance, the Tamil National Al- ticular its desire to counter the growing influence of China, liance (TNA), to work towards a negotiated settlement whose financial and political support the Rajapaksa gov- of ethnic conflict through the devolution of power to ernment has been cultivating. India’s own growing eco- Tamil-majority areas in the north and east; and nomic interests in Sri Lanka have also tempered its politi- cal activism. New Delhi’s traditional reluctance to work encouraging greater economic integration between the through multilateral bodies or in close coordination with two economies. other governments – due in part to its fear of international scrutiny of its own conflicts, particularly in Kashmir – India’s approach has so far paid only limited dividends. has also significantly weakened its ability to influence Sri Deepening militarisation and Sinhalisation in the northern Lanka. province have increased the insecurity and political mar- ginalisation of Tamils and are undermining prospects for India, nonetheless, has strong reasons to work for funda- inter-ethnic reconciliation. The government continues to mental changes in Sri Lanka’s post-war policies. It has a resist any investigation or accounting for mass atrocities clear interest in preventing either a return to violent mili- in the final months of the war. Democratic governance is tancy or the consolidation on its borders of another au- under sustained assault throughout the country, as power thoritarian government with an overly powerful military. India and Sri Lanka after the LTTE Crisis Group Asia Report N°206, 23 June 2011 Page ii India’s own democratic values and successes in accom- conference to review post-war progress and to push the modating ethnic diversity should also encourage an activ- government to demilitarise the north, lift the state of emer- ist approach, especially as it seeks recognition as a rising gency and relax anti-terrorism laws. global power with hopes of a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. India’s own restive domestic Tamil con- In New York, Geneva and Colombo, India should pub- stituency, to which the central government needs to re- licly acknowledge the importance and credibility of the spond for electoral considerations, is pressing for stronger report by the UN Secretary-General’s panel of experts on action. After decades of actively
Recommended publications
  • Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of Book Subject Publisher Year R.No

    Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of Book Subject Publisher Year R.No

    Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of book Subject Publisher Year R.No. 1 Satkari Mookerjee The Jaina Philosophy of PHIL Bharat Jaina Parisat 8/A1 Non-Absolutism 3 Swami Nikilananda Ramakrishna PER/BIO Rider & Co. 17/B2 4 Selwyn Gurney Champion Readings From World ECO `Watts & Co., London 14/B2 & Dorothy Short Religion 6 Bhupendra Datta Swami Vivekananda PER/BIO Nababharat Pub., 17/A3 Calcutta 7 H.D. Lewis The Principal Upanisads PHIL George Allen & Unwin 8/A1 14 Jawaherlal Nehru Buddhist Texts PHIL Bruno Cassirer 8/A1 15 Bhagwat Saran Women In Rgveda PHIL Nada Kishore & Bros., 8/A1 Benares. 15 Bhagwat Saran Upadhya Women in Rgveda LIT 9/B1 16 A.P. Karmarkar The Religions of India PHIL Mira Publishing Lonavla 8/A1 House 17 Shri Krishna Menon Atma-Darshan PHIL Sri Vidya Samiti 8/A1 Atmananda 20 Henri de Lubac S.J. Aspects of Budhism PHIL sheed & ward 8/A1 21 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad Bhagabatam PHIL Dhirendra Nath Bose 8/A2 22 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam VolI 23 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam Vo.l III 24 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad Bhagabatam PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 25 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam Vol.V 26 Mahadev Desai The Gospel of Selfless G/REL Navijvan Press 14/B2 Action 28 Shankar Shankar's Children Art FIC/NOV Yamuna Shankar 2/A2 Number Volume 28 29 Nil The Adyar Library Bulletin LIT The Adyar Library and 9/B2 Research Centre 30 Fraser & Edwards Life And Teaching of PER/BIO Christian Literature 17/A3 Tukaram Society for India 40 Monier Williams Hinduism PHIL Susil Gupta (India) Ltd.
  • Claiming Independence in 140 Characters. Uses of Metaphor in the Construction of Scottish and Catalan Political Discourses on Twitter

    Claiming Independence in 140 Characters. Uses of Metaphor in the Construction of Scottish and Catalan Political Discourses on Twitter

    CLAIMING INDEPENDENCE IN 140 CHARACTERS. USES OF METAPHOR IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCOTTISH AND CATALAN POLITICAL DISCOURSES ON TWITTER Carlota Maria Moragas Fernández ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora.
  • Sri Lanka 2020 Human Rights Report

    Sri Lanka 2020 Human Rights Report

    SRI LANKA 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sri Lanka is a constitutional, multiparty democratic republic with a freely elected government. Presidential elections were held in 2019, and Gotabaya Rajapaksa won the presidency. He appointed former president Mahinda Rajapaksa, his brother, as prime minister. On August 5, Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa led the Sri Lankan People’s Freedom Alliance and small allied parties to secure a two- thirds supermajority, winning 150 of 225 seats in parliamentary elections. COVID-19 travel restrictions prevented international observers and limited domestic election observation. Domestic observers described the election as peaceful, technically well managed, and safe considering the COVID-19 pandemic but noted that unregulated campaign spending, abuse of state resources, and media bias affected the level playing field. The Sri Lanka Police are responsible for maintaining internal security and are under the Ministry of Public Security, formed on November 20. The military, under the Ministry of Defense, may be called upon to handle specifically delineated domestic security responsibilities, but generally without arrest authority. The nearly 11,000-member paramilitary Special Task Force, a police entity that reports to the inspector general of police, coordinates internal security operations with the military. Civilian officials maintained control over the security forces. Members of the security forces committed some abuses. The Sri Lanka parliament passed the 20th Amendment to the constitution on October 22. Opposition political leaders and civil society groups widely criticized the amendment for its broad expansion of executive authority that activists said would undermine the independence of the judiciary and independent state institutions, such as the Human Rights Commission and the Elections Commission, by granting the president sole authority to make appointments to these bodies with parliament afforded only a consultative role.
  • Vividh Bharati Was Started on October 3, 1957 and Since November 1, 1967, Commercials Were Aired on This Channel

    Vividh Bharati Was Started on October 3, 1957 and Since November 1, 1967, Commercials Were Aired on This Channel

    22 Mass Communication THE Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, through the mass communication media consisting of radio, television, films, press and print publications, advertising and traditional modes of communication such as dance and drama, plays an effective role in helping people to have access to free flow of information. The Ministry is involved in catering to the entertainment needs of various age groups and focusing attention of the people on issues of national integrity, environmental protection, health care and family welfare, eradication of illiteracy and issues relating to women, children, minority and other disadvantaged sections of the society. The Ministry is divided into four wings i.e., the Information Wing, the Broadcasting Wing, the Films Wing and the Integrated Finance Wing. The Ministry functions through its 21 media units/ attached and subordinate offices, autonomous bodies and PSUs. The Information Wing handles policy matters of the print and press media and publicity requirements of the Government. This Wing also looks after the general administration of the Ministry. The Broadcasting Wing handles matters relating to the electronic media and the regulation of the content of private TV channels as well as the programme matters of All India Radio and Doordarshan and operation of cable television and community radio, etc. Electronic Media Monitoring Centre (EMMC), which is a subordinate office, functions under the administrative control of this Division. The Film Wing handles matters relating to the film sector. It is involved in the production and distribution of documentary films, development and promotional activities relating to the film industry including training, organization of film festivals, import and export regulations, etc.
  • The Rise and Fall of the Bilingual Intellectual

    The Rise and Fall of the Bilingual Intellectual

    PERSPECTIVE and Kannada and Hindi passably. He also The Rise and Fall of the has a reading knowledge of French and German. On the other hand, Mukul Kesa- Bilingual Intellectual van and I are essentially comfortable in English alone. We can speak Hindi conver- sationally, and use documents written in Ramachandra Guha Hindi for research purposes. But we can- not write scholarly books or essays in Hin- This essay interprets the rise and 1 di. And neither of us can pretend to a third fall of the bilingual intellectual in his essay is inspired by an argu- language at all. modern India. Making a ment between the scholar-librarian TB S Kesavan and his son Mukul that 2 distinction between functional I was once privy to. I forget what they were Let me move now from the personal to the and emotional bilingualism, it fighting about. But I recall that the father, historical, to an argument on the question argues that Indian thinkers, then past 90 years of age, was giving as of language between two great modern writers and activists of earlier good as he got. At periodic intervals he Indians. In the month of April 1921, would turn to me, otherwise a silent spec- M ahatma Gandhi launched a broadside generations were often tator, and pointing to his son, say: against English education. First, in a intellectually active in more than “makku!”, “paithyam”! Those were words speech in Orissa, he described it as an one language. Now, however, that Mukul, born in Delhi of a Hindi- “unmitigated evil”.
  • Ocean Horizons: Strengthening Maritime Security in Indo-Pacific

    Ocean Horizons: Strengthening Maritime Security in Indo-Pacific

    SPECIAL REPORT Ocean horizons Strengthening maritime security in Indo-Pacific island states Anthony Bergin, David Brewster and Aakriti Bachhawat December 2019 About the authors Anthony Bergin is a senior fellow at ASPI, where he was previously research director and deputy director. He was an academic at the Royal Australian Naval College and for 20 years was on the academic staff at the Australian Defence Force Academy, where he taught maritime affairs and homeland security. From 1991 to 2003, he was the director of the Australian Defence Studies Centre. He served for four years as an adjunct reader in law at the Australian National University (ANU) and for two years as a senior research fellow at the National Security College. Anthony has been a consultant to a wide range of public and private sector clients and has written extensively on Pacific security issues in academic journals, books and reports. He is a regular media commentator and contributes to ASPI’s analysis and commentary site, The Strategist. David Brewster is a senior research fellow with the National Security College, ANU, where he works on Indian Ocean and Indo-Pacific maritime security. His current research focuses on island states, environmental security and China’s military presence in the Indian Ocean. David’s books include India as an Asia Pacific power and India’s ocean: the story of India’s bid for regional leadership. His latest edited book is India and China at sea: competition for naval dominance in the Indian Ocean, which examines maritime security interactions between those countries. David is the author of a recent report for the French Institute of International Relations, Between giants: the Sino-Indian cold war in the Indian Ocean.
  • Diverse Genetic Origin of Indian Muslims: Evidence from Autosomal STR Loci

    Diverse Genetic Origin of Indian Muslims: Evidence from Autosomal STR Loci

    Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 54, 340–348 & 2009 The Japan Society of Human Genetics All rights reserved 1434-5161/09 $32.00 www.nature.com/jhg ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diverse genetic origin of Indian Muslims: evidence from autosomal STR loci Muthukrishnan Eaaswarkhanth1,2, Bhawna Dubey1, Poorlin Ramakodi Meganathan1, Zeinab Ravesh2, Faizan Ahmed Khan3, Lalji Singh2, Kumarasamy Thangaraj2 and Ikramul Haque1 The origin and relationships of Indian Muslims is still dubious and are not yet genetically well studied. In the light of historically attested movements into Indian subcontinent during the demic expansion of Islam, the present study aims to substantiate whether it had been accompanied by any gene flow or only a cultural transformation phenomenon. An array of 13 autosomal STR markers that are common in the worldwide data sets was used to explore the genetic diversity of Indian Muslims. The austere endogamy being practiced for several generations was confirmed by the genetic demarcation of each of the six Indian Muslim communities in the phylogenetic assessments for the markers examined. The analyses were further refined by comparison with geographically closest neighboring Hindu religious groups (including several caste and tribal populations) and the populations from Middle East, East Asia and Europe. We found that some of the Muslim populations displayed high level of regional genetic affinity rather than religious affinity. Interestingly, in Dawoodi Bohras (TN and GUJ) and Iranian Shia significant genetic contribution from West Asia, especially Iran (49, 47 and 46%, respectively) was observed. This divulges the existence of Middle Eastern genetic signatures in some of the contemporary Indian Muslim populations.
  • Y-Chromosomal and Mitochondrial SNP Haplogroup Distribution In

    Y-Chromosomal and Mitochondrial SNP Haplogroup Distribution In

    Open Access Austin Journal of Forensic Science and Criminology Review Article Y-Chromosomal and Mitochondrial SNP Haplogroup Distribution in Indian Populations and its Significance in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) - A Review Based Molecular Approach Sinha M1*, Rao IA1 and Mitra M2 1Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Abstract University, India Disaster Victim Identification is an important aspect in mass disaster cases. 2School of Studies in Anthropology, Pt. Ravishankar In India, the scenario of disaster victim identification is very challenging unlike Shukla University, India any other developing countries due to lack of any organized government firm who *Corresponding author: Sinha M, Department of can make these challenging aspects an easier way to deal with. The objective Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas University, India of this article is to bring spotlight on the potential and utility of uniparental DNA haplogroup databases in Disaster Victim Identification. Therefore, in this article Received: December 08, 2016; Accepted: January 19, we reviewed and presented the molecular studies on mitochondrial and Y- 2017; Published: January 24, 2017 chromosomal DNA haplogroup distribution in various ethnic populations from all over India that can be useful in framing a uniparental DNA haplogroup database on Indian population for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI). Keywords: Disaster Victim identification; Uniparental DNA; Haplogroup database; India Introduction with the necessity mentioned above which can reveal the fact that the human genome variation is not uniform. This inconsequential Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) is the recognized practice assertion put forward characteristics of a number of markers ranging whereby numerous individuals who have died as a result of a particular from its distribution in the genome, their power of discrimination event have their identity established through the use of scientifically and population restriction, to the sturdiness nature of markers to established procedures and methods [1].
  • Sri Lanka's Potemkin Peace: Democracy Under Fire

    Sri Lanka's Potemkin Peace: Democracy Under Fire

    Sri Lanka’s Potemkin Peace: Democracy Under Fire Asia Report N°253 | 13 November 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Northern Province Elections and the Future of Devolution ............................................ 2 A. Implementing the Thirteenth Amendment? ............................................................. 3 B. Northern Militarisation and Pre-Election Violations ................................................ 4 C. The Challenges of Victory .......................................................................................... 6 1. Internal TNA discontent ...................................................................................... 6 2. Sinhalese fears and charges of separatism ........................................................... 8 3. The TNA’s Tamil nationalist critics ...................................................................... 9 D. The Legal and Constitutional Battleground .............................................................. 12 E. A Short-
  • A Year After Thoothukudi Burned

    A Year After Thoothukudi Burned

    Contents Foreword Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 01 2. Key Findings: Derived from Interviews in Thoothukudi 03 3. Lethargy in CBI Inquiry 08 Working of the Commission of Inquiry headed by Hon’ble Justice 4. 09 Tmt. Aruna Jagadeesan 5. a) United Nations experts respond to deadly police firing 12 b) Failure of National and State Human Rights Institutions 13 Democratic protests in Thoothukudi after police firing and its 6. 18 curtailment 7. Protests in the past one year in support of Sterlite Copper 22 Activities of Sterlite after the closure of the plant on 28.05.2015 as 8. 25 ordered by Tamil Nadu Government 9. The Tamil Nadu Government the past one year 29 10. Reprisals on human rights defenders 32 11. Update on litigations against Sterlite Copper 38 12. Analysis of cases filed, judgments delivered by the Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court this past one year on matters related to 46 civil and political rights violations. 13. Recommendations 62 FOREWARD I was in Thoothukudi on the 22nd May 2018 witnessing for myself from ground zero, along with my colleagues at People’s Watch and a team of 10 summer interns at our office what was taking place minute to minute. What we witnessed we will never forget for the rest of our lives. We were there officially after official intimation to the District administration that we were there only to ‘monitor’ what was going on. What followed is history today to all others, but to those who were on there participating in ‘their’ protest for their air, water and land and the family members of the deceased and the injured, these are not events that are easy to forgot.
  • Statistical Information on Plantation Crops 2018

    Statistical Information on Plantation Crops 2018

    Statistical Information on Plantation Crops 2018 Ministry of Plantation Industries & Export Agriculture, 11th Floor, Sethsiripaya Stage II, Battaramulla. February 2020 ii CONTENT Index V-XII Charts, Maps, Overviews XIII-XIV Abbreviations XV Weights & Measures Conversion Table XVI Exchange Rates Conversion Table XVII 1. TEA SECTOR (Area, Production, Price, Export & World Scenario) Table Page 1.1 Key Indicators: Tea 01 Review: Key Indicators of Tea 02 Tea Area 1.2 Extent under Tea by status of cultivation - 2013/14 04 1.3 Tea Extent by ownership 2007 – 2018 05 1.4 Increasing Tea Smallholdings & Extent – by district 06 1.5 Tea Smallholdings & Extent by District- 2005 07 Review: Tea Smallholdings & Extent by District 08 1.6 Rainfall and sunshine information 09 Review: Monthly average rainfall and sunshine 10 1.7 Rainfall figures in TRI stations 11 1.8(i) Fertilizer: Annual usage for Tea Sector 12 1.8(ii) Fertilizer: Annual use of products for Tea Sector in 2018 13 1.9 Area Replanted & New Planted Tea 14 1.10 Tea Growing Incentives for Small Holding Sector 15 Review: Area Replanted & New Planted for tea and 16 Incentives for tea small holdings Tea Production 1.11 Made Tea Production by Category, 2010-2018 18 1.12 Monthly Tea Production under Different Categories-2018 19 iii Review: Monthly Tea Production by category wise 20 Table Page 1.13 Tea Production by Elevation 22 1.14 (i) Geographical Distribution – High Elevation Tea 23 (ii) Geographical Distribution – Medium Elevation Tea 24 (iii) Geographical Distribution – Low Elevation Tea 25 Review:
  • Efficiency and Productivity in Sri Lanka's Banking Sector

    Efficiency and Productivity in Sri Lanka's Banking Sector

    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2016 Efficiency and oductivitypr in Sri Lanka’s banking sector: Evidence from the post-conflict era Bolanda Hewa Thilakaweera University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Thilakaweera, Bolanda Hewa, Efficiency and oductivitypr in Sri Lanka’s banking sector: Evidence from the post-conflict era, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of Wollongong, 2016.