Hacia Un Modelo Causal Del Rendimiento Academico

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Hacia Un Modelo Causal Del Rendimiento Academico CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION, DOCUMENTACION Y EVALUACION C.1.D.E HACIA UN MODELO CAUSAL DEL RENDIMIENTO ACADEMICO Manano Alvaro Page Mana José Bueno Monreal José Angel Calleja Sopeña Jesús Cerdán Victoria María José Echeverría Cubias Carmen García López José Luis Gaviria Soto Carmuca Gómez Bueno Sofía C. Jiénez Suárez Beatriz Mpez Pérez Laura Maríín-Javato Romero Ana L. Múiguez CebaUos Alicia Sánchez Ruiz Carmen Trillo Marco Número 43 Col&ión: INVESTIGACION ALVARO PACE, Mariano Hacia un modelo causal del rendimiento académico / Mariano Alvaro Page ... / et al. /. - Madrid : Centro de Publicacions del Ministerio dc Educación y Ciencia : C.I.D.E., 1990. l. Rendimiento 2. Medida dcl rendimiento 3. Analisis estructural 4. Construcción de modelos 5. Madelo matemático 1. Alvaro Page, Mariano. @ MINISTERIO DE EDUCACION Y CIENCIA C.I.D.E. DieónGeneral de Renovación Pedaeóeica.-- Swetaria de Estado de Educación. EDITA: CENTRO DE PUBLICACIONES - Secretaria General Técnica Ministerio dc Educación y Ciencia. Tirada: 1.000 ej. Depósito Legal: M-22905-1990. NIPO: 17ó-89-124-1. I.S.B.N.: 84369-1790-1 Imprime: GRAFICAS JUMA Plmde Ribadm. 7-1.28029 MADRID INDICE GENERAL Indice Temático AGRADECIMIENTOS ........................................................... 9 PRESENTACION .................................................................... 11 PARTE 1: EL ESTUDIO DEL RENDIMIENTO EN LA BI- BLIOGRAFIA EXISTENTE ........................................ 15 CAPITULO 1: INTRODUCCION AL ESTUDIO DEL RENDIMIENTO ACADEMICO ....................................... 17 1 .l. El concepto de Rendimiento Académico ...................... 17 1.2. Tipos de Rendimiento Académico ................................ 21 1.3. Medidas de Rendimiento .............................................. 23 1.3.1. Calificaciones escolares ......................... ........ 24 1.3.2. Pruebas objetivas .............................................. 26 CAPITULO 2: EL RENDIMIENTO ACADEMICO: EN BUSCA DE SUS DETERMINANTES .............................. 29 2.1. Determinantes contextuales ........................................ 30 2.1 .l. Variables sociofamiliares .................................... 3 1 2.1.2. Vanables escolares ........................................... 67 2.2. Determinantes personales .......................................... 120 2.2.1. Inteligencia y aptitudes ...................................... 120 2.2.2. Estilos cognitivos ............................................ 127 2.2.3. Sexo ............................................................... 132 2.2.4. Personalidad ................................................... 134 4 MARIANO ALVARO Y OTROS CAPITULO 3: LOS MODELOS CAUSALES: UNA FOR- MA DE ABORDAR EL ESTUDIO DEL RENDIMIEN- TO ACADEMICO ..................... ......................................149 . , 3.1. Introduccion ..........................................................149 3.2. Distintos Modelos en la investigación del Rendimien- to ....................................................................152 3.2.1. Atendiendo. a la naturaleza de los factores de rendimiento ..................... ...................... 152 3.2.2. Atendiendo a la tipología del diseño de investi- . , gacion .............................................................. 153 3.2.3. Atendiendo a la función atribuida a la institu- ción escolar y a otros elementos del sistema educativo ...................... .................. ............ 153 3.2.4. Atendiendo a la explicitación de relaciones en- tre variables ,.................... .......... 156 3.3. Técnicas de análisis ......................... ........................ 158 3.3.1. La Regresión Múltiple ...................................... 159 3.3.2. El Path Analysis ............................. ........... ......... 160 3.3.3. Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) .............. 160 3.4. Utilización de los modelos causales 161 PARTE 11: CONTRASTE EMPIRICO DEL MODELO PROPUESTO ...................................................................... 165 CAPITULO 1: PLANTEAMIENTO DEL ESTUDIO .......... 167 CAPITULO 2: ASPECTOS METODOLOGICOS ................ 169 2.1. Muestra ....................... .... ...................... 169 2.1.1. Prodecimiento de muestre0 ................................169 2.1.2. Descripción de la muestra .................................. 170 2.2. Variables del modelo: definición y clasificación ........... 175 2.2.1. Clasificación según su consideración en el mo- en el modelo ............................................. 184 2.3. Descripción de los instrumentos aplicados ................... 186 2.3.1. Cuestionarios ............................. .............. 186 MARIANO ALVARO Y OTROS 5 2.3.2. Pruebas de aptitudes ............................... ....... 187 2.3.3. Pruebas de rendimiento ...................................... 189 CAPITULO 3: PRESENTACION DEL MODELO ............. 191 CAPITULO 4: ANALISIS DE RESULTADOS .................... 203 4.1. Consideraciones previas .............................. ........... 203 4.2. Análisis exploratorios por bloques de variables ........... 205 4.2.1. Bloque "Origen Social" ....................... .......... 205 4.2.2. Bloque "Clima Educativo Familiar" ................. 206 4.2.3. Bloque "Autoconcepto Académico" ................. 206 4.2.4. Bloque "Motivación" ...................... ........... 207 4.2.5. Bloque "Aptitudes" ........................................ 209 4.2.6. Bloque "Metodología de Actuación en el Aula 3, ........................... ................................. 210 4.2.7. Bloque "Relaciones Interpersonales" ................ 212 4.2.8. Bloque "Idoneidad e Interés del Profesor" ........ 212 4.2.9. Bloque "Rendimiento Académico" ................... 215 4.3. Análisis exploratorio interbloques ................................ 219 4.4. Modelo alternativo ........................ ........................ 221 4.5. Aplicación de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales: LISREL .........................................................................227 4.5.1. Fases del desarrollo del modelo LISREL .......... 227 4.5.2. Análisis exploratorios ....................................... 236 4.5.3. Análisis confirmatorio ........................................ 240 CAPITULO 1: RECAPITULACION Y PROSPECTIVA .... 255 BIBLIOGRAFIA ...................................................................... 261 Indice de Tablas 1. Distribución de la muestra según el tipo de centro (%) ... 1'70 2 . Distribución de la muestra según hábitat (%) ................. 171 3. Distribución de la muestra según preescolarización (%) . 172 6 MARlANO ALVARO Y OTROS Distribución de la muestra según los estudios que desea- ría terminar (%) ...................... ......................... 172 Distribución de la muestra según número de herma- nos (%) ................................................. .................... 173 Distribución de la muestra según la categoría socio- profesional del padre (%) ..................... .............. ..... ......... 174 Distribución de la muestra según el nivel de estudios del padre y de la madre (%) 175 Coeficientes de fiabilidad del Test de Aptitudes Esco- lares .........................................................................188 Análisis de componentes principales. Rotación ortogo- nal. Bloque "Autoconcepto Académico" ........................ 207 Análisis de componentes principales. Rotación ortogo- nal. Bloques "Motivación" y "Autoconcepto" ............... 208 Matriz de correlaciones. Bloque "Aptitudes" .................. 209 A.F. máxima verosimilitud. Bloque "Aptitudes" ............ 210 Análisis de componentes principales. Rotación oblicua. Bloque "Idoneidad e Interés del Profesor" ...................... 214 Matriz de correlaciones. Bloque "Rendimiento Acadé- . ,, mico ......................... .. .. ................. ..... .. , , , , , , , ,...... 2 16 A.F. máxima verosimilitud. Rotación oblicua. Bloque '6 Rendimiento Académico" ............................. 2 17 A.F. máxima verosimilitud. Rotación ortogonal. Bloque "Rendimiento Académico" 21 9 Matriz de correlaciones entre todas las variables del Mo- delo General Alternativo ..................................................226 Medidas de bondad de ajuste de los análisis explora- tonos .................................................................................236 Indice de Figuras 1. Modos de transacción hombre-entomo físico investi- . , e gacion ...............................................................................65 2. Modelo de Biniaminov y Glasman .................................. 154 3. Modelo de Scheerens, J. ....................... 156 4. Modelo de Anderson ........................................................ 158 5. Modelo Inicial ..................................................................192 6. Efectos del Origen Social ..................................................194 MODELO CAUSAL DEL RENDIMIENTO ACADEMICO 7 , . 7. Efectos del Habitat ....................... ......................... 195 8. Efectos del Clima Educativo Familiar ............................. 196 9. Efectos del Preescolar y de la Elección de Centro ........... 197 10. Efectos de la Metodología de Actuación en el Aula y de la Idoneidad e Interés del Profesor sobre las Relaciones Interpersonales .............................................................198 11. Relaciones entre Autoconcepto Académico, Motivación Aptitudes, Metodología de Actuación en el Aula y Rela- ciones Interpersonales .............. ..................................... 199 12. Efectos directos sobre el Rendimiento
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