2005-June.Pdf

June 2005 Volume XXXIV Number 6 TheThe Chronicle Chronicle A Publication of the American Translators Association

in this issue: science and technology Déjà Vu X - Taking Translation Technology to Higher Levels

The Déjà Vu X computer assisted translation system is an all-new line up of products designed from the ground up to meet translators’ top needs - increased productivity and improved translation quality and take them to new heights.

Select the right level Atril’s knowledge and expertise has produced an exceptional product line up - Déjà Vu X Standard and Déjà Vu X Professional for freelancers and Déjà Vu X Workgroup for larger users and a free Déjà Vu X Editor to translate the satellite projects created by Déjà Vu X Workgroup. All backed by Atril’s enviable reputation for high quality support and training.

Now push the button Don’t take our word for it. Download a free, fully featured 30 day product and see for yourself just how Déjà Vu X can take you right to the top.

FREE DOWNLOAD

call: 617 273 8266 email: [email protected]

Atril, Independence Wharf, 4th floor, 470 Atlantic Avenue, Boston MA 02210 June 2005 Volume XXXIV in this issue Number 6

Features

A Publication of 11 Survey of Corporate and Freelance Members Regarding Payment Practices the American By Dorothee Racette and Jiri Stejskal Translators To help answer some frequently asked questions, ATA recently conducted a survey of Association payment practices among its members. Editor 19 Culture Crash: New Refugees in the U.S. Biomedical System Jeff Sanfacon By Amy Wade [email protected] For the U.S. biomedical system, caring for refugees requires understanding and accepting the role of the interpreter, in addition to compassion. Design/Layout Ellen Banker/Amy Peloff 23 The Value of the In-House Linguist By Memuna Williams Advertising In-house translators and interpreters provide more value than is apparent at first glance. Matt Hicks McNeill Group Inc. 29 De-Hyping Translation Memory: True Benefits, Real Differences, and an [email protected] Educated Guess about its Future (215) 321-9662 ext. 19 By Jost Zetzsche Fax: (215) 321-9636 Many tools on the market today provide methods for analysis, quality assurance, and productivity that go way beyond the typical functions of a mere “translation memory” tool. Executive Director Walter Bacak 34 Making a Mountain of Mountains: Understanding Fukada Kyu¯ya’s Meizan [email protected] By Craig McGinty Though normally understood to mean “famous mountain(s),” the Japanese term meizan Membership and is difficult to render into succinct English. This article examines the term and its General Information relation to the 1964 book Nihon Hyakumeizan by the Japanese mountaineer Fukada Maggie Rowe Kyuøya (1903-1971). [email protected] website: www.atanet.org Columns and Departments 6 About Our Authors 8 From the President 9 From the Executive Director 26 ATA Chapters, Affiliated Groups, and Other Groups 40 Certification Forum 41 ATA Certification Exam Information 41 New ATA-Certified Members 42 The Onionskin 43 Dictionary Reviews 58 The Translation Inquirer 60 Humor and Translation 61 Upcoming Seminars and Conferences 62 Directory of Language Services

American Translators Association 225 Reinekers Lane, Suite 590 • Alexandria VA 22314 Tel: (703) 683-6100 • Fax: (703) 683-6122 E-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.atanet.org 2005 Chronicle The Editorial Calendar A Publication of the American Translators Association Chronicle 1999 FIT Best Periodical Award Winner January Focus: Terminology The ATA Chronicle Submission Guidelines Submission Deadline: November 15 The ATA Chronicle enthusiastically encourages members to submit articles of interest to the fields of translation and interpretation. February 1. Articles (see length specifications below) are due the first of the month, two months prior to the Focus: Literary Translation month of publication (i.e., June 1 for August issue). Submission Deadline: December 1 2. Articles should not exceed 3,500 words. Articles containing words or phrases in non-European March writing systems (e.g., Japanese, Arabic) should be submitted by mail and fax. Focus: Marketing 3. Include your fax, phone, e-mail, and mailing address on the first page. Submission Deadline: January 1 4. Include a brief abstract (two sentences maximum) emphasizing the most salient points of your article. The abstract will be included in the table of contents. April 5. Include a brief biography (three sentences maximum) along with a picture (color or B/W). Please Focus: Client Education be sure to specify if you would like your photo returned. Do not send irreplaceable photos. Submission Deadline: February 1 6. In addition to a hard copy version of the article, please submit an electronic version either on May disk or via e-mail ([email protected]). Focus: Adaptation 7. Texts should be formatted for Word or Wordperfect 8.0. Submission Deadline: March 1 8. All articles are subject to editing for grammar, style, punctuation, and space limitations. 9. A proof will be sent to you for review prior to publication. June Focus: Science and Technology Standard Length Submission Deadline: April 1 Letters to the editor: 350 words; Op-Ed: 300-600 words; Feature Articles: 750-3,500 words; Column: 400-1,000 words July (See Chronicle editorial policy—under Chronicle—at www.atanet.org) Focus: Public Relations/ Professional Outreach Submission Deadline: May 1 August An Easy Reference To ATA Member Benefits Focus: Medical Translating and Interpreting Your ATA membership has never been more valuable. Take advantage of the discounted programs and Submission Deadline: June 1 services available to you as an ATA member. Be sure to tell these companies you are an ATA member and refer to any codes provided below. September Focus: Interpreting Business Owners Insurance Overnight Delivery/Express Package Service Submission Deadline: July 1 Hays Affinity Solutions (HAYS) UPS (866) 310-4297 • (202) 263-4016 Reference Code: C0000700415 October [email protected] or (800) 325-7000 Focus: Legal [email protected] www.ups.com Translating/Interpreting http://ata.haysaffinity.com Submission Deadline: August 1 Professional Liability Insurance November/December Collection Services/Receivables Management Hays Affinity Solutions (HAYS) Focus: Training and Pedagogy Dun & Bradstreet (866) 310-4297 • (202) 263-4016 Submission Deadline: Mike Horoski [email protected] September 1 (800) 333-6497 ext. 7226 http://ata.haysaffinity.com (484) 242-7226 [email protected] Retirement Programs Washington Pension Center Moving? Find an Credit Card Acceptance Program/Professional (888) 817-7877 • (301) 941-9179 Services Account error with your NOVA Information Systems Website Development address? Reference Code: HCDA Two Rad Technologies (888) 545-2207 • (770) 649-5700 [email protected] We’ve done everything possible to www.atanet.org/radtown ensure that your address is correct. But Life and Disability Insurance ...And, of course, as an ATA member you receive dis- sometimes errors do occur. If you find Mutual of Omaha that the information on the mailing label (800) 624-5554 • (402) 342-7600 counts on the Annual Conference registration fees and is inaccurate or out of date, please let us www.atanet.org/mutual.htm ATA publications, and you are eligible to join ATA know. Send updates to: Divisions, participate in the online Translation Services The ATA Chronicle • 225 Reinekers Lane, MasterCard Directory, and much more. For more information, con- Suite 590 • Alexandria, VA 22314 MBNA America Fax (703) 683-6122 • Reference Code: IFKV tact ATA (703) 683-6100; fax (703) 683-6122; and [email protected] (800) 847-7378 • (302) 457-2165 e-mail: [email protected].

4 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 The ATA Chronicle (ISSN 1078-6457) is published monthly, except bi-monthly in November/December, by the American TIP-Lab Twelfth Distance Spanish Translation/Revision Workshop Translators Association, 225 Reinekers Lane, Suite 590, Alexandria, VA TIP-Lab is pleased to announce its Twelfth Distance Spanish Translation/Revision 22314. Periodicals postage paid at Workshop, July to November 2005. This workshop is open to English-to-Spanish trans- Alexandria, Virginia, and lators from any country. Participants will be accepted on a first-come-first-served basis. additional mailing offices. Excellent command of both Spanish and English is a requirement. In the course of the POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The workshop, four texts will be translated by the participants, reviewed by Leandro ATA Chronicle, 225 Wolfson, a professional translator from Argentina, and returned to each translator with Reinekers Lane, Suite 590, Alexandria, VA revisions, annotated comments, and a model translation selected each month from 22314. The American the group. As in previous TIP-Lab workshops, application for continuing Translators Association education credit will be submitted to the Judicial Council of California, the Washington (ATA) was established in 1959 as a not-for-profit State Courts, and ATA. Registration is now open. Space is very limited and interested professional society to translators are encouraged to register as soon as possible. For further information and foster and support the professional development to request a brochure with the registration form, call, fax, or e-mail: TIP-Lab, c/o Alicia of translators and Marshall (847) 869-4889 (phone/fax), e-mail: [email protected]. interpreters and to promote the translation Earn 10 ATA Continuing Education Points. and interpreting professions. The subscription rate for a member is $43 (included in the dues payment). The U.S. subscription rate for a non-member is $50. Subscribers in Canada Display Advertising Index and Mexico add $25; all ATA’s other non-U.S. Membership 2 Atril subscribers add $45. www.atril.com Single copies are available Directory for $5 per issue. 10 Cybertec Keeps You www.cybertecusa.com Reprint Permission: Connected Requests for permission to 10 Monterey Institute All Year Long reprint articles should be www.miis.edu sent to the Chronicle editor at [email protected]. 63 National Security Agency (NSA) You’ll find the most up-to-date www.nsa.gov contact information for your 7 SDL Desktop Products ATA colleagues online, day www.sdlx.com/2005 or night! Search by name, location, even by email 64 TRADOS www.translationzone.com address—just click www.atanet.org/ 61 WordFinder Software International AB membersonly. www.wordfinder.com

Retirement Programs Washington Pension Center (888) 817-7877 • (301) 941-9179

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 5 About Our Authors...

Craig McGinty worked for Translations, Inc.), in 1997. In addition, Writers’ Group on the Oregon coast. His several years as an in- he teaches graduate language courses at computer guide for translators, A house translator and the University of Pennsylvania. Contact: Translator’s Tool Box for the 21st Century, proofreader at an intellec- [email protected]. was published in 2003. He currently tual property law firm in sends out a free biweekly technical Tokyo before going free- Amy Wade is a recruiter newsletter for translators (see lance in 2002. He currently resides in and interpreter evaluator www.internationalwriters.com/toolkit). Colorado Springs, Colorado, where he is for Language Line Contact: a member of the Colorado Mountain Club Services, where she has [email protected]. and continues to specialize in the transla- worked with interpreters tion of patent documents. Contact: in over 50 languages for [email protected]. six years. Contact: [email protected]. Credit Card Acceptance Program Dorothee Racette, an Professional Services Account ATA director and chair of Memuna Williams is a NOVA Information Systems the Divisions Committee, French→English translator Reference Code: HCDA works as a full-time with an M.A. in translation (888) 545-2207 • (770) 649-5700 freelance translator from the Université de from her home in upstate Montreal and a B.A. in New York. She is an ATA-certified translation from Concordia (German→English) translator, special- University, Montreal. She has spent 14 izing in medical and biomedical texts. years working in the translation industry She served as the administrator of ATA’s and has experience as a freelance and German Language Division from 2000 to in-house translator. She is the owner of 2004. Contact: [email protected]. Avantgarde Translations in Charlotte, th North Carolina. She is a member of 28 Annual Jiri Stejskal is currently ATA and ATA’s French Language serving his second term Division. Before moving to the U.S., American Literary as ATA treasurer. He also she also lived in Sierra Leone, Translators serves as the treasurer of Germany, and Belgium. Contact: the American Foundation [email protected]. Association for Translation and Conference Interpretation and chairs the International Jost Zetzsche is an Federation of Translators (FIT) Status ATA-certified Committee. He was born and raised in English→German Prague, Czech Republic. He left Prague translator and a November 2-5, 2005 for Vienna in 1986 and settled in the U.S. localization and translation in 1988, where he earned a Ph.D. in consultant. A native of Hotel Omni Mont-Royal Slavic languages and literatures and an Hamburg, Germany, he earned a Ph.D. Montreal, Canada executive MBA in general business. An in the field of Chinese translation www.literarytranslators.org active translator, he joined ATA in 1991, history and linguistics, and began working and founded a translation company, in localization and technical translation in CETRA, Inc. (formerly Central European 1997. In 1999, he co-founded International

Guide to ATA Professional Liability Insurance Hays Affinity Solutions Continuing Education Points (866) 310-4297 Check it out at www.atanet.org (202) 263-4016 [email protected] (click on certification)! http://ata.haysaffinity.com

6 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 4(%02%&%22%$#(/)#%&/2 42!.3,!4)/.-%-/293/&47!2%

+DYH\RXPDGHWKH6:,7&+\HW"+DYH ZZZVGO[FRPVZLWFK

6'/ DidDid youyou missmiss ATA’s Financial Translation & Interpreting Conference ?? Order the CD-ROM Today!

Only $69 for ATA Members ($129 for nonmembers)

The ATA Financial Translation and Interpreting Conference was the inaugural event for creating an electronic library of advanced education that will serve to reach more professionals in more successful ways.

More than 30 sessions---over 45 hours of content---have been audiotaped and integrated with supporting slides, documents, and other information to create a multimedia CD-ROM that will serve as a valuable educational tool.

Note: Not all presentations are included due to speaker consent or program changes. Visit www.atanet.org/pd/finance/cdrom.htm to learn which sessions are included.

Attention ATA-Certified Members: This CD-ROM has been approved for Continuing Education Points. Earn one point for each hour viewed, up to a maximum of 10 points.

ToTo LearnLearn More,More, VisitVisit www.atanet.org/pd/financewww.atanet.org/pd/finance..

8 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Walter Bacak, CAE From the Executive Director [email protected] Online Directory Changes

he online Directory of Translation Number of language combina- or dialects not listed. and Interpreting Services has tions listed. To accommodate the new Finally, be sure to keep your direc- Tundergone several additions and search, members can now list as tory listing updated. (For more informa- updates that are important to note. The many as seven language combination on updating or adding your profile, directory is at www.americantranslators. tions, up from five. As of late last please see www.americantranslators. org/tsd_listings. year, only 6% of the individuals pro- org/tsd.) Take a look at these addi- The Directory of Translation and filed in the Directory of Translation tions and let me know what you Interpreting Services markets the and Interpreting Services listed five think. As I have written many times services of 5,500 translators and language combinations. Therefore, I before, much of the success of the interpreters, all of whom are ATA do not expect to see many take advan- directory is due to the valuable members. The listings are compli- tage of the additional combinations, member feedback we have received mentary with ATA membership, but but it is there for you. and incorporated. inclusion in the directory is an option Directory home page. We cleaned and does not happen without a up and streamlined the directory’s member’s consent. With a variety of introductory page where searches are Internet Scam Messages Follow-up search features and 24/7 access, the started. Based on the comments (or I want to thank all the members directory has proven to be a very lack of comments) we have received who forwarded me messages effective medium to advertise serv- so far, we find that this new design regarding the various Internet scam ices to the business community and makes it easier for users to conduct messages that have been targeting the general public. For further clarifi- their searches. ATA members. One point I did not cation, there are actually three online ATA-certified language combi- address is that ATA does not rent or directories for our members. The nations. Under Translator and give out e-mail addresses in bulk. In Directory of Translation and Advanced Searches, we added a addition, we do not send broadcast Interpreting Services profiles the sidebar listing all the ATA-certified e-mail messages for unrelated groups. services of individual translators and language combinations. Now If you have any questions, please interpreters. The Directory of searchers will not have to take an contact me at [email protected]. Language Services Companies pro- extra step (click) to view them. motes ATA corporate members who Translation tools. Under Advanced offer language services. The online Search, we added a section on ATA Membership Directory,which is Translation Tools in response to available only to ATA members in the member feedback. If a translation tool Members Only section of ATA’s web- you use is not listed, please follow the Spread the site, lists all current ATA members instructions on how to submit tools you and was established solely to facili- would like listed. Word! tate communication among ATA Areas of Specialization. Under members. Areas of Specialization, we increased Does your local library carry Non-English-to-Non-English lan- the number of fields that you can the Chronicle? Help spread the guage combinations. Most significant, select from 6 to 12 in response to word about professional trans- as approved by ATA’s Board of member requests. If you do not see lation and interpreting. Next Directors, searches can now be done for your area(s) of specialization listed, time you go to your local non-English into non-English language please let me know. library, take a copy of the combinations. So, for example, if you Additional Information. Under Chronicle and recommend that work from French into Spanish, you can Additional Information, we added a they subscribe. You’ll be reach- now list this combination, and busi- keyword search function, which will ing out to future colleagues nesses or potential clients using the make the information listed more and clients. online directory will be able to search useful, particularly for those who use on that language combination. this copy block to mention languages

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 9 _ New MA Degree to Start in Fall 2005 Master of Arts in Translation and Localization Management (MATLM) The MATLM degree will be a combination of translation, localization technology, and business management. The program will be offered as both a two-year (four semesters) and a one-year degree (Advanced Entry Ð two semesters with 30-32 credits required). _ New Summer 2005 Medical Interpreting Course Certificate Course in Medical Interpreting: August 18 to 21, 2005 in Monterey, CA This course is offered to German and Spanish Interpreters interested in medical interpreting.

_ New Fall 2005 T&I Training Conference Professional Translator and Interpreter Education in the 21st Century An international conference to be held in Monterey from September 9 to 11, 2005.

Please log on to www.miis.edu for detailed information about the new MATLM degree program, the Summer 2005 medical course and the Fall 2005 T&I training conference.

Call for Papers IXth San Jerónimo International Translators Day Annual Conference of the Organización Mexicana de Traductores “Is T & I an industry?” Centro Cultural “El Refugio” Tlaquepaque, Mexico September 30-October 2, 2005 www.omt.org.mx/general.htm

Submit proposals (in Spanish or English) by July 16, 2005 to: Organización Mexicana de Traductores A. C., Avenida Vallarta 1525-304 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México Tel: (52) 33-31-24-04-36 (afternoons) or (52) 33-36-31-01-82 Fax: (52) 33-31-24-02-37 [email protected]

10 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Survey of Corporate and Freelance Members Regarding Payment Practices

By Dorothee Racette and Jiri Stejskal

ow fast should I get paid for my Figure 1: Source of Revenue work? What if I don’t get paid H at all? How do I know the translation company that just contacted me is trustworthy? Freelance translators often ask these questions, only to find that the answers are not readily available. Conversely, translation companies may ask: How fast should we pay our freelancers to keep them happy without jeopardizing our cash flow? Should we pay a freelance translator who delivers late or delivers a substandard translation? To answer these and other questions, ATA recently conducted a survey of payment practices among its members. The issue of payment practices frequently comes up in discussions among

“…The issue of payment practices … is one of the primary concerns of freelance translators working as full-time independent contractors…”

ATA members. Not surprisingly, it is The survey was distributed in February pressing questions. For reasons of one of the primary concerns of free- and March 2005, in time to present the data clarity, the freelance part of the lance translators working as full-time results at the annual conference of survey only considers translators, not independent contractors. At its ATA’s Translation Company Division interpreters. This was primarily November 2004 meeting in Toronto, (held in April in Philadelphia). We driven by the desire to keep the data ATA’s Board of Directors resolved to polled a group of corporate members as simple and straightforward as pos- revisit the issue of the association’s role (474) and a group of randomly selected sible, and certainly does not mean the in payment disputes between its mem- individual members (503). The association is overlooking the con- bers. To gauge the actual interest in such response rate was 18% (86 respondents) cerns of interpreters. The following efforts as well as the severity of the for corporate members and 22% (112 summarizes the results of the survey. problem for the membership, the respondents) for individual members. Translation companies are abbrevi- authors of this article, with the assis- Given the statistically significant ated as “TCs” and “freelancers” rep- tance of other ATA Board members, number of responses, we now have a resent individual translators who developed a Web-based survey of pay- representative set of data that enables work for translation companies or ment practices among ATA members. us to answer some of the most direct clients on a regular basis. ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 11 Survey of Corporate and Freelance Members Regarding Payment Practices Continued

Figure 2: ¥ Most TCs worked with a variety of freelancers from different countries, but reported that the majority (58%) of their freelance contractors lived in the United States. In turn, freelancers reported that more than three quarters of the TCs they worked for are in the United States.

¥ Most TCs didn’t know whether the freelancers were ATA members, and most freelancers didn’t know whether the TCs were ATA members. This is an interesting finding, as it points to the lack of awareness on both sides.

Payment Practices: Part I The first part of the survey was designed to make comparisons between the opinions of TCs and freelancers. For this reason, questions in Part I were identical for both groups. As the responses revealed, the two groups diverge most on the issue of ATA’s much-discussed policy of non- involvement in commercial disputes among members (see ATA’s policy on

Figure 3: TCs work with freelancers in:

online. For questions 2 and 4 in Work Experience and Working the online results, the total per- Relationships centages (i.e., corresponding frac- ¥ Number of years in business: The tions of the entire sample) are not majority of respondents reported given, but rather average percent- that they had been in business over ages (i.e., average responses for 10 years (58% for TCs, 50% for each category). The total percent- freelancers). ages were computed separately Freelancers work with TCs in: and are presented in this article. ¥ Source of revenue: TCs derive 86% of income from direct clients; ¥ In the past 24 months, most TCs freelancers derive 60% of income (34%) worked with more than 100 from TCs. Please note that at the freelancers, and most freelancers end of this article we provide URL (32%) worked with 1-5 TCs. links to summary results available

12 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Figure 4: Preferred Payment Terms policy: This question revealed the largest discrepancy in opinion What payment terms are fair? between the two groups. While most TCs (82%) think that ATA should not change its policy of non-involvement, a majority of freelancers (62%) would like ATA to change its policy.

¥ Most TCs and most freelancers did not offer any specific suggestions for ways in which ATA could help resolve commercial disputes. However, several respondents for both TCs and freelancers came up with the following suggestions:

Quotes from Translation Companies: •“Professional mediation.” page 16). The responses to the indi- involvement in commercial disputes vidual questions offered some very among its members. This policy (see •“Publish a code of good practice interesting information, and the high- page 16) is available online in the that both parties can agree to be lights are summarized below. members only section of ATA’s web- bound by at the outset.” site (www.atanet.org/membersonly). ¥ Preferred payment terms: The Clearly, it would be beneficial to •“ATA can come up with fair and majority of TCs and freelancers communicate this policy to all mem- impartial standards for payment, and agree that a freelance translator bers more effectively. might have a list of linguistic ‘arbi- should get paid within 30 days of trators’ that members could hire if the translator’s invoice. ¥ Changes to the non-involvement needed.” ➡

¥ Delivery of substandard work: Both Figure 5: ATA’s Non-involvement policy TCs and freelancers agree that a TC should not have to pay in full a free- Do you know the reasons for ATA’s non-involvement policy? lance translator who delivered substandard work or delivered it late.

¥ Contractual language for arbitration/mediation: The vast majority of TCs (78%) and freelancers (93%) do not include an arbitration or mediation clause in their contracts. This is another area that deserves a closer look in conjunction with the dispute resolution issue.

¥ ATA’s non-involvement policy: Most TCs (61%) and most freelancers (77%) do not know the reasons for ATA’s policy of non-

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 13 Survey of Corporate and Freelance Members Regarding Payment Practices Continued

•“Form a mediation board made up challenged only by individuals of corporate and freelance mem- who are competent, tested, quali- •“If the translator was not at fault in bers. Decisions could be binding fied, experienced, and who hold any way, offer to contact the com- or not, or could end up in a referral valid credentials.” pany to offer assistance to to a court. You might have to com- mediate.” pensate members a nominal fee.” •“By mediating and issuing an opinion.” •“Provide links/info of resources •“Set up an arbitration committee (legal firms, attorney, legal advise based on the fact that ATA is a •“Offer arbitration that translators services, etc.).” translator certification body.” and agencies/companies can use.” •“In disputes over quality, before •“A system of referral to third-party •“Publish the name of translation resorting to court, ATA’s opinion arbitrators/mediators should be agencies that have been found to could be sought to verify whether investigated.” be at fault in disputes, either in the the accusation was true. Payment Chronicle or online.” or other measures could be deter- •“Create some sort of way to report mined accordingly.” bad business practices that is acces- •“Allow publication of non-payers.” sible to all members, following a •“Legal help, resources, informa- structure similar to a Better Business •“Perform a quality check.” tion, establishing a voluntary arbi- Bureau report or credit history tration that could help solve report.” •“Provide an independent evaluator.” disputes if both parties agree.”

•“As a professionally qualified •“Simply establish a black list of •“Keeping a list of bad payers to third party arbitrator.” bad payers as reported by transla- protect the interests of freelance tors, possibly with ratings such as translators/interpreters.” Quotes from Freelancers: done by Dun & Bradstreet.” •“In the past, I once received help Payment Practices: Part II from the Ethics Committee chair, •“By giving binding advice, after The second part of the survey fea- who contacted an agency on my both parties have agreed that this tured specific questions that were behalf. This can be sufficient advice is binding. (This is a reg- pertinent to the work reality of each without incurring legal liability.” ular practice in Holland.)” of the groups. Summary responses to Part II are discussed below. •“Operate as an arbitrator, in which •“ATA should take part in a media- case you would not be liable. Just tion process between the translator Translation Companies like the Canadian associations do.” and the translation bureau. The This section included questions Ethics Committee seems to be only that were specific to TCs. •“Education, mediation, arbitration.” an advisory body. Translators want to feel they are being represented.” ¥ ATA membership status in the case •“Ethics should be the basis for of substandard work: Most TCs intervention.” •“Allow members to publish names reported that in the majority of and addresses of companies with cases, the translators who deliv- •“Simply backing the translator which they have had problems.” ered substandard work in the past with a letter of support would 24 months were not ATA members, make a difference.” •“A non-binding arbitration through or else only a small fraction of ATA.” them were. Again, a large number •“Have both parties sign waivers of of TCs did not know whether the ATA responsibility.” •“Keep a list of poor paying com- translators were ATA members. panies. This way, commercial dis- •“The translation work should be putes can be avoided.”

14 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Figure 6: lancers. According to the survey results, TCs on policy change: ¥ Most translators typically wait 15 60% of income among freelancers is days before they notify a TC about derived from orders placed by TCs. a delay in payment. This type of work arrangement makes delayed payment much more signifi- ¥ The majority of translators eventu- cant, as income does not come from a ally received full payment in all wide range of sources, and attempts to instances. This underscores the collect consume time that cannot other- fact that payment issues are more wise be used productively. On the other focused on late payment than an hand, corporate members are grappling Freelancers on policy change: outright failure to pay, and that with problems of substandard work and much of the problem lies in the quality shortcomings. Most report time spent on collection efforts. having multiple serious quality problems in the past 24 months, and have The last question for both TCs and also seen a sizable number of assign- freelancers referred to the proportion ments that were handed in late. Many of of “disputes” that would have bene- the individual open-ended responses fited from action by a neutral third suggest instituting an arbitration mech- party. Most TCs responded that none anism. ¥ ATA membership status in the case of the disputes were fit for outside Interestingly, very few translation of work delivered late: Most TCs involvement, while most freelancers companies and freelance translators reported that they did not know thought this question irrelevant. include clauses to govern arbitration or whether the translators who deliv- mediation in their contracts. The ered late were ATA members. The Conclusions American Arbitration Association rec- second largest group reported that The issue of payments has long ommends the inclusion of an arbitration 1-25% of translators who delivered divided the two groups within our asso- their work late in the past 24 ciation. It is most certainly a frequent Continued on p.17 months were ATA members. topic of conversation among free-

¥ In cases when substandard work Figure 7: Arbitration was delivered by a freelancer, most TCs paid the invoice, but informed What proportion of disputes would benefit from action the translator that he or she had by a neutral third party? provided substandard work.

Freelance Translators This section included questions that were specific to freelance translators.

¥ Most translators did not know whether TCs who had delayed payment past the agreed payment terms in the past 24 months were ATA corporate members.

¥ If a payment was not made as agreed, most translators’ first action was a friendly reminder by phone and/or e-mail.

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 15 The American Translators Association and Commercial Disputes Between Members

All members of the American Translators Association (ATA), by the act of joining the association, agree to abide by the ATA Code of Professional Conduct and Business Practices.

In addition to the principles outlined in the Code, ATA encourages all its members to follow established business practices. Such practices include exercising due diligence and good business judgment before accepting or offering work by verify- ing that the prospective client or vendor has a satisfactory business record and qualifications with reasonable expectation of satisfactory future performance.

ATA recognizes that, even with due diligence, commercial disputes between members will sometimes arise. It is the policy of ATA not to undertake to resolve or publicize such disputes for the following reasons:

1. Publicizing alleged cases of non-payment by members would not only require ATA to review such cases and make a finding of improper action, which is not feasible for lack of expertise and resources, but could also open ATA up to potentially expensive and damaging litigation if such cases were publicized on incorrect or insufficient grounds of evidence.

2. The Board of Directors is obligated to allocate ATA resources in a way that maximizes the return to members on the investment they make in joining. Pursuing a policy of intervention in commercial disputes would require us to set aside financial resources to cover the potential legal costs, and to curtail other programs of established benefit to members.

3. If ATA were to adjudicate commercial disputes involving claims of non-performance on the part of translation companies, fairness would dictate that it also adjudicate disputes involving claims of non-performance by individual translators and interpreters. To do so, ATA would have to determine whether a translator’s or interpreter’s work for pay meets professional standards, a function ATA is not prepared to undertake.

The ATA Ethics Committee is ready to consider cases in which a member has been convicted of a felony or other crime of moral turpi- tude in a court of law, cases of alleged impropriety in the conduct of association business, and other cases properly brought before it under Article III, Section 6 of the ATA Bylaws. The ATA Ethics Committee will decline to consider disputes of any other type.

ATA committees, chapters, and divisions shall not publicize alleged cases of non-payment by members or non-members in their newsletters, websites, electronic listservs, or other publications. All ATA members are free, of course, to share among themselves views on commercial or other matters, provided that ATA channels are not used for communications covered by this policy.

ATA wishes to encourage good business practices and to foster a culture of prompt payment among its members. To this end, ATA has made the collection and receivables management services of Dun and Bradstreet available to members at reduced rates. This commercial service, while not always able to resolve a dispute to member satisfaction, nevertheless offers a useful and economical membership benefit. ATA has also made available on its website a Model Contract for Translation Services. The Board welcomes the initiative by the Translation Company Division to establish a voluntary code of business practices and quality standards for corporate members. ATA members who wish to suggest other ways to help ATA foster good business practices are invited to do so. All suggestions will be carefully reviewed and, if deemed appropriate and feasible, implemented.

March 2002

16 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Survey of Corporate and Freelance Members Regarding Payment Practices Continued from p. 15 clause in all contracts. This is a pre- the open survey responses suggest, standards of professional conduct, and ventive measure that defines what ATA members are looking for both share a love of language and a pas- will happen in the event of a dispute resources of this kind within the associ- sion for translation quality. Forums and where the parties can turn. This ation. To avoid legal problems and law- such as the Translation Company issue deserves to be studied in greater suits, any such attempt would need to Division conference will serve to detail, with specific recommenda- follow a rigidly standardized format. strengthen the relationship of the two tions for suitable language. One important insight of the survey groups that depend on one another in The reasons for ATA’s non-involve- is that neither translation companies our industry. ment in commercial disputes are not nor freelancers emphasize the fact of In closing, we would like to thank well known. Based on the survey their ATA membership to one another all the respondents who took the time responses, the majority of the associa- in their working relationships. to fill out the survey. More detailed tion’s membership is unfamiliar with According to the survey participants, results are also available online at the the reasoning behind the policy. Any membership status actually seems to following addresses: discussion of the issue must bring to play a subordinate role. In the effort to the forefront the original thoughts that underscore the benefits of ATA mem- Freelancers: motivated the policy so that an bership in general and of certification www.surveymonkey.com/ informed decision can be made. There in particular, both groups should be Report.asp?U=88012552941 is a clear need to better publicize the encouraged to routinely enquire about Translation Companies: associated deliberations and to allow the membership status of the other www.surveymonkey.com/ for an open discussion. party. ATA membership status can be Report.asp?U=88007520258 A variety of informational bill- shown in e-mail signatures, on busi- boards and listservs already exist out- ness cards, brochures, and in other We welcome further comments side of the association to discuss communications. and suggestions. Do not hesitate to “payment practices” and “contractor Aside from these difficult questions contact either of us at [email protected] capabilities.” So far, the association has for the future, translation companies or [email protected]. shied away from getting involved in and freelancers in our association actu- such services and has not endorsed any ally share a lot of common ground. of the existing options. As several of Both groups believe in the same high

International Terminology Summer School 2005 University of Applied Sciences Cologne (Germany) Terminology Management: Theory, Practice, and Applications

July 18-July 22, 2005 A one-week hands-on training course at a fully equipped computer laboratory organized by the Institute for Information Management / University of Applied Sciences Cologne and TermNet - International Network for Terminology.

Registration: Anja Drame (TermNet Branch Office Cologne) Tel.: +49-221-8275-3616 Fax: +49-221-8275-3615 E-mail: [email protected]

More Information: www.iim.fh-koeln.de/TSS2005 (for registration form)

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 17 SeeSee WhatWhat We’veWe’ve GotGot Brewin’in...Brewin’in... SEATTLE

46th Annual Conference of the American Translators Association

The Westin Seattle l Seattle, Washington l November 9-12, 2005 Features Over 150 educational sessions that cover topics in a variety of languages and specialties, offering something for everyone A multitude of networking events that allow you to connect with over 1,200 translators and interpreters from throughout the U.S. and around the world Opportunities to promote your services and interview with language services companies at the Job Marketplace An exhibit hall that brings companies together for you to see the latest software, publications, and products available that fit your unique needs

Register Look for the Conference Registration Form with the July issue of The ATA Chronicle to take advantage of special Early-Bird rates, available until September 10. Join ATA to register at the discounted ATA Member rate. For an application, contact ATA or join online at www.atanet.org/membapp.htm.

Don't miss this opportunity to network, meet newcomers and seasoned professionals, market yourself and your skills, reunite with friends and colleagues, and have fun!

Hotel The Westin Seattle is located in downtown Seattle, 15 miles from the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport and within walking distance to Pike Place Market and the Space Needle.

Special Room Rates for ATA Conference Attendees (exclusive of tax) Single: $179 l Double: $194 l Triple/Quad: $209 Take advantage of this special rate, available only until October 19. Call (800) WESTIN-1 (937-8461) and tell them youíre attending the ATA Conference. The Westin Seattle, 1900 Fifth Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98101 Phone: (206) 728-1000, Fax: (206) 728-2007; www.westin.com/seattle

Look for the Preliminary Program and RegistrationForm with The Chronicle in July! Culture Crash: New Refugees in the U.S. Biomedical System

By Amy Wade

The information for this article was life. Without time to plan or prepare, a bership within a obtained through research on voyage is embarked upon to a far off particular social group.1 In a similar recruiting and reliable testing pur- land where nothing is the same. category, an “Asylee” (a person poses, as well as through interviews This is the story of many Nuer and holding asylum status) is someone with refugees and from publications Dinka tribal people from Southern who leaves his or her country for the about the Nuer and Dinka tribes and Sudan. Although the above introduc- same reason, but applies for the pro- the U.S. healthcare system. More tion is very brief, it begins to paint a tection of asylum status after arriving information about Medicaid and picture of the circumstances that in the host country. This is slightly refugees can be obtained at the web- brought many of these people to the different from a refugee, who asks for site for the Department for Health and U.S. While the details are different, protection and is granted this pro- Human Services (www.os.dhhs.gov). similar tribulations are experienced tected status outside of the host Other sources of information on this by thousands of refugees pouring into country. According to the 2000 U.S. topic include www.jcaho.org (the page Census, 8% of the immigrant popula- for the Joint Commission on Accred- tion in the U.S. include refugees.2 itation for Healthcare Organizations) Each year, there is a limit set for the and www.diversityrx.org, a website “…Despite the good amount of persons who will be dedicated to quality healthcare for eth- intentions of Medicaid, for granted refugee status. For the 2005 nically diverse populations sponsored fiscal year, that limit is 70,000 people, by The National Conference of State refugees, dealing with the allocated to six geographic regions: Legislatures, Resources for Cross system is nothing short of Africa (20,000 admissions); East Asia Cultural Health Care, and the Henry J. exasperating…” (13,000 admissions); Europe and Kaiser Family Foundation of Menlo Central Asia (9,500 admissions); Park, California. Latin America/Caribbean (5,000 admissions); Near East/South Asia magine a place where the sun this country from around the globe. (2,500 admissions); and a reserve of beats down on the arid earth, the The drama of their experience in the 20,000 admissions.3 I smell of burning dung piles fills U.S. is often most clearly revealed The first wave of Sudanese the air, and the sound of cattle fades through their encounters with the U.S. refugees (from the Nuer and Dinka in and out. Money is not important, biomedical system. tribes) in the U.S. became known as but the ownership of cattle is. Getting “The Lost Boys.” Although they ahead in your career is not important, What is a Refugee? began to arrive in the U.S. in 1999, but marriage and children are. Your Victims of human rights violations many had been refugees for over nine home is not your biggest investment, (i.e., systematic violence) can fall years in Kenya and Ethiopia.4 Their but rather something that you built within several categories depending story is both heartbreaking and from the ground up. There are no primarily on their place of relocation: inspiring. They walked hundreds of clocks, no deadlines, no way to waste refugees, internally displaced people, miles, endured unspeakable violence, or save time; there are only life asylum seekers/asylees, returnees, starvation, and were even hunted by events, the harvest, food preparation, and disappeared people. In addition, lions before they began the refugee and tending to the cattle. people who have endured physical, application process (a process that Now imagine this serene setting mental, and/or sexual torture fall can take years).5 ravaged by the violence of war. under the category of survivors Without warning, the village inhabi- of torture (dcc2.bumc.bu.edu/refugees/ First Encounters with Healthcare tants run from their homes to save definitions.htm). According to the UN Immigrants who are granted their lives. Many of them are brutal- High Commissioner for Refugees, a refugee status rarely get to choose the ized or are subjected to the horror of refugee is a person who leaves the state where they will be relocated, with witnessing loved ones being raped country of his or her nationality the exception being family members and murdered. because of a well-founded fear of who are reuniting. Understandably, Suddenly, the only hope for sur- being persecuted for reasons of race, many refugees spend their first years in vival is to leave home and a way of religion, political opinion, or mem- this country moving to locations ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 19 Culture Crash: New Refugees in the U.S. Biomedical System Continued where they can be closer to members spend countless hours filling out take them to their appointments. Also, of their own ethnicity.6 Some states, forms, making appointments, and paying for services can be a new con- such as Texas, offer Refugee Medical explaining the basic concepts of cept, and Nuer and Dinka refugees Assistance (or RMA), which covers health insurance. often learn the hard way that if they eligible refugees for up to eight Medicaid can be vexing for health don’t pay their bills, they’ll have their months.7 Refugees are also granted professionals as well, so it is unfortu- services discontinued.11 Also making access to Medicaid, but the length of nate that rather than commiserating, things difficult is the fact that refugees time they are eligible varies because doctors and patients sometimes who are fleeing their country often Medicaid is a joint federal and state become frustrated with one another.9 arrive in the U.S. with pre-existing med- program. This means that each state ical conditions brought about by starva- establishes its own eligibility stan- The Appointment tion, exhaustion, violence, and dards, benefits package, provider Making an appointment to see emotional stress. These people will requirements, payment rates, and pro- one’s doctor is a familiar activity for need to see a doctor almost immedi- gram administration under broad fed- most U.S. citizens, and aside from ately, but it can be difficult for them to eral guidelines.8 In many states, the some frustration about the inevitable act quickly.12 amount of time a refugee is eligible wait in the doctor’s office, it is a simple for this type of coverage parallels step in the process of healthcare. Not Healthcare Beliefs RMA eligibility (eight months), so for new refugees, for whom the The U.S. biomedical system has making it imperative that refugees option of being able to call and make become extremely clinical. The focus find employment as soon as possible an appointment is often an unknown is on physical symptoms, illnesses, and in order to receive health insurance concept. Refugees who come from pathogens rather than on the person benefits from their employers once places such as Africa may have had to who suffers from them. The expertise the Medicaid allotment has been travel miles on foot to see the doctor or of medical practitioners has become depleted. Therefore, a refugee’s first nurse. Once at the “hospital,” they may increasingly more specialized, and the challenge within the U.S. healthcare have even had to sit around, sometimes demands of insurance and the high system is the cost and the paperwork for days, until someone was available cost of healthcare encroach upon the associated with it. to examine them.10 time doctors can spend with their Despite the good intentions of Aside from the obstacles presented patients. The stress level in the emer- Medicaid, refugees find the experi- by the language barrier and the some- gency room and hospitals certainly ence of dealing with the system to be what complicated medical referral detracts from the quality of care some nothing short of exasperating, espe- system, issues surrounding the concepts patients receive, despite some health- cially since there is no parallel system of time, transportation, and even using care workers’ best efforts. in their country of origin. The rules the phone can get in the way of Refugees generally come from and regulations of Medicaid are com- obtaining proper treatment. For places where a more holistic approach plicated even for U.S. citizens, so instance, telephones are still not to healthcare is taken. Traditionally, imagine the challenge faced by common in certain parts of the world, spiritual, emotional, and even behav- people who have not even mastered and for many the experience of ioral causes are deemed responsible the language yet. In fact, most speaking to someone who is not physi- for poor health, rather than physical refugees would never be able to take cally present is still somewhat ethereal. symptoms or infectious diseases. advantage of the service if it weren’t For Nuer and Dinka refugees, time is Cures often involve rituals and some for the aid of volunteers. For example, not measured by hours but by events, so form of prayer or vigilance. in Jacksonville, Florida, where many honing in on a specific appointment It is no wonder that these two sys- of the interviews that contributed to time can be difficult. It is not tems clash. Nonetheless, Nuer and the information in this article were uncommon for patients to arrive hours Dinka refugees embrace the practice conducted, Nuer and Dinka refugees before or after the scheduled appoint- of medicine in this country. They are rely almost completely on a small ment. Transportation can be a challenge extremely hopeful that the doctor will number of volunteers at the World because new refugees generally do not find a way to end their physical suf- Relief Organization for success in have cars, and so must rely on bus sys- fering and are attentive to every using Medicaid. These volunteers tems or volunteers who have agreed to instruction—many times more so

20 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 than their new American countrymen tain states like Massachusetts.18 These thetic ear, and because they are more and women.13 For example, Nuer and refugees also learn early on that there used to conversing with the refugees, Dinka women have proven quite open is a certain stigma attached to seeking they can more readily understand a to the divergent methods of aiding treatment for mental problems, and refugee’s heavily accented English. childbirth, and the advanced tech- often shy away from taking advantage Medical interpretation has been nology used in diagnosis is viewed of the already limited resources avail- steadily gaining ground over the last with wonderment rather than fear.14 able to them in this area. several years, and in many cities However, a willingness to accept The longer a refugee remains in this quality professional interpretation is American medicine does not negate country, the more the healthcare indica- available for Spanish and many other these patients’ desires to understand tors will align with the general popula- major languages. This may be what is going on with them. The con- tion.19 However, this process is slower because English studies are more straints of a 15-minute appointment for certain refugees, because many of common in countries where the can cause confusion, frustration, and them hold on to the hope that they will world’s major languages are spoken, repeated visits. A good bedside be going back to their home country. so a larger number of people coming manner usually means the difference There is no doubt that a certain amount from these areas are already fluent in between a successful encounter and a of cultural assimilation occurs, but in English. Consequently, there are also disastrous one.15 many cases traditions (such as choice many native English speakers who of cuisine) are maintained.20 have learned one of the major lan- Health Indicators guages well enough to interpret. Health indicators for refugees vary The Language Barrier and the True However, this is not usually the case widely, as the circumstances of life Importance of the Interpreter for the “rarer” languages. There are before becoming a refugee varies Without a doubt, the language bar- many refugees who speak a language from country to country. For the Nuer rier is the greatest hurdle for most that no American has learned. In the and Dinka refugees, there are several refugees. Many of them have not had case of Nuer and Dinka refugees, health indicators that differ greatly the opportunity to learn English there are precious few native speakers from the overall U.S. population. before their arrival in this country, and who either learned English before As previously mentioned, many in some cases may not even speak the coming to the U.S. (mainly those Sudanese refugees suffer starvation national language of their country of from the capital city where Arabic is and malnutrition before coming to the origin. Such is the case of many Nuer spoken), or are children or young U.S. In the case of “The Lost Boys,” and Dinka refugees who speak their adults who’ve attended some forma- sucking on mud was necessary in tribal tongues, but not Arabic, the tive schooling in the U.S. order to prevent death from thirst.16 national language of Sudan. However, Medical institutions may have found These factors, together with the these two groups in particular have that they must use family members and prevalence of parasites in the drinking demonstrated tremendous resolve and volunteers to help them communicate water, have contributed to a host of drive by enrolling in college courses, with patients who speak a “rare” lan- intestinal disorders that haunt these taking on two or three jobs, and guage, even though they may have refugees, and have even caused death making every effort to understand labeled this practice as taboo for other despite major improvements in the their new home. Unfortunately, it can major languages. Over-the-phone inter- nutrition they receive while living in take years to learn to use a language pretation becomes extremely valuable the States.17 well, and despite an ability to under- in situations like this because of its War has certainly taken its toll on stand English fairly well, some Nuer immediacy and ability to provide pro- these refugees as well. Not only do and Dinka refugees find it difficult to fessional interpreters in areas where no they suffer physical problems such as make themselves understood. It is not other options exist. Also, some tele- loss of limbs, but the trauma of war uncommon for American volunteers phonic interpretation companies, such has also had a significant impact on to accompany these patients to med- as Language Line Services, are able to their mental health. Mental health ical appointments in order to serve as provide quality interpreters thanks to care would seem essential for most an “interpreter.” These volunteers do screening, testing, and observation refugees, but it is not generally avail- not speak Nuer, Dinka, or even practices. For some Nuer and Dinka able through Medicaid except in cer- Arabic, but they do have a sympa- refugees, working with an over-the-

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 21 Culture Crash: New Refugees in the U.S. Biomedical System Continued phone interpreter represents freedom and World Relief, where paid and Population Reports, (P20-551), U.S. from the social demands of a face-to- volunteer staff work indefatigably to Census Bureau, Washington, DC. face encounter. Nuer and Dinka may assist with such issues as the very shy away from divulging personal complex Medicaid application 3. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration medical information in the presence of process.22 Services, “Refugees,” www.uscis. someone who they feel could single There are also other “VOLAGs” gov/graphics/services/refugees. them out in the community and cause (national volunteer/resettlement embarrassment. However, when the Agencies) that have entered into grant 4. The “Lost Boys” of Sudan, interview is conducted over the phone, or other contractual agreements with Coping.org, www.coping.org/ they can remain anonymous. the U.S. Department of State or other wordauthors/lostboys/history.htm. Of course, medical interpreters do federal agencies to provide for the much more than just act as conduits of reception and initial placement of 5. Interview with a Nuer refugee language. They also provide critical refugees in this country.23 who wished to remain anony- cultural brokering skills, which are mous, July 2004. every bit as important to communica- Conclusion tion as language. In the case of the Certainly there are issues with the 6. Holtzman, Jon D. 2000. Nuer Nuer and Dinka, only the interpreter U.S. biomedical system that affect all Journeys Nuer Lives, pages 29-34. may realize that before discussing Americans, as evidenced by public something so private as one’s health, outcries concerning its cost and 7. Office of Immigration and these refugees will require a formal increasingly impersonal service. For Refugee Affairs, www.dhs.state. introduction to their interpreter and refugees, the added stress of language tx.us/programs/refugee/services. their healthcare provider, which and cultural barriers requires even html#rma. includes the exchange of family greater efforts to bridge this gap names and origins. Only an interpreter between the system and the public it 8. Maryland Medical Programs, may realize that men are prohibited serves. The issues of racial and Medicaid Assistance Overview, from discussing women’s issues and nationalistic discrimination continue www.dhmh.state.md.us/mma/ vice versa without express permission to plague U.S. institutions. Healthcare Eligibility/med_medical%20asst% and apology. Only an interpreter may facilities and personnel are not 20overview_Doc%202/medasstov. be able to warn the doctor or nurse exempt from these insidious barriers html. that a patient may prefer to lie about to quality care. The advent of cultural their condition rather than lose face competency has made some headway 9. Interview with Sharon Svihel, a and admit to something “embar- in combating obstacles to equal Sudan missionary, world relief rassing.”21 There are thousands of healthcare, but there is a serious lack volunteer, and “adopted mother” social praxes that a trained profes- of data to aid in understanding the of 108 “Lost Boys” in sional can interpret for the greater “rarer” cultures, such as the Nuer and Jacksonville, Florida, July 2004. good of a successful encounter. Dinka. More research, understanding, and compassion are desperately 10. Interview with a Dinka refugee The Kindness of Strangers needed to serve this very deserving who wished to remain anony- Many refugees would simply not group of people. mous, July 2004. have access to healthcare in the U.S. if it weren’t for the tireless efforts of vol- Notes 11. Interview with Dhan Gatkek, a unteers. There are several churches 1. The United Nations High Com- Nuer interpreter, June 2004. across the nation that sponsor refugee missioner for Refugees (UNHCR), groups, where members of the congre- “Basic Facts,” www.unhcr.ch/ 12. Interviews with a Nuer man and a gation provide temporary lodging and cgi-bin/texis/vtx/basics. Dinka woman who wished to help with acclimating refugees to new remain anonymous, July 2004. life situations. There are also a few 2. Larson, Luke J. 2004. The key organizations, such as Catholic Foreign-Born Population in the Charities, Lutheran Social Services, United States: 2003. Current Continued on p.28

22 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 The Value of the In-House Linguist

By Memuna Williams

ast year, I joined a local non- good days, they interpreted four to five repetition of the pattern of targeting profit as a volunteer to help the hours. All this was good news for us, staff translators and interpreters L group advance a new interpreta- but it likely meant that at least some of prompted me to ask the following tion service they had decided to offer the professional linguists at the hos- questions: to local health and human services pital would be losing their jobs. agencies. After an initial marketing I had long recognized that compa- ¥ How can in-house translators and campaign, one of the big local hospi- nies with language services depart- interpreters help the companies tals took us up on our offer, enabling ments often discontinue their in-house they work for appreciate the value us to really get the service off the translation and interpreting capabilities of their services? ground. due to those services not being part of During the time leading up to the the company’s core operations. It was ¥ What additional translation- and hospital’s acceptance of our offer, we not until my meeting with the new interpreting-related services can in- dealt with an office administrator who office administrator that it dawned on house linguists provide to justify was committed to providing translation their presence within a company? and interpreting to all persons of limited English proficiency requiring “…The fortunes of ¥ What is the best way for in-house service at the hospital. Because of the in-house linguists rise and linguists to assert the value of their administrator’s commitment to transla- services? tion and interpreting, the hospital had fall with the peaks and an intricate system for handling their troughs of the business I will try to provide some answers language needs. That system included cycle…” to these questions in this article. in-house interpreters and translators, an external telephone interpreting service, The Value of In-house Translators and outsourcing the rest of their inter- me that the spreadsheet scenario had and Interpreters preting and translation to groups like played out several times in the past, The starting point for staff transla- ours. and was likely to do so repeatedly in tors and interpreters is to understand Almost as soon as the ink had dried the future. their own worth. As the ones most on the one-year contract we signed, In my experience, it had hap- likely to face questions about their the dedicated administrator we had pened when I worked in-house and relevance, they must be able to artic- been working with left. She was our department was reviewed but ulate their value to employers. replaced by someone we knew from spared any cuts in my first few years In-house linguists take full owner- the community, so we were hopeful on the job. It happened again with a ship of a company’s translation and for the continuity of our partnership. second review a few years later, interpreting work for a number of rea- Three months into the contract, the when the translation department was sons. In-house linguists are directly new administrator called a meeting. not as lucky and lost about one-third responsible for the work they produce. She wanted to contract out all parts of of its staff. It was happening yet Since they are company insiders, they the hospital’s translating and inter- again as I prepared to leave the com- likely have first-hand knowledge of the preting operation to us. She also pany and the department was under company’s communication protocols wanted us to provide a service pro- review once more. A few years after and desired image. As insiders, their posal that would include a guarantee I left, the department was com- values are better aligned with those of stating that we would respond to pletely disbanded. the company than someone from the requests for interpreters within 10 min- The fortunes of in-house linguists outside. For example, if a translation utes. During the meeting, she showed rise and fall with the peaks and question cannot be easily resolved us a spreadsheet she had been keeping troughs of the business cycle. Old through research, staff translators also of the hours the in-house interpreters managers go and new managers take have direct access to other in-house were spending on actual interpreting. It over and question much of what has resources, such as a corporate counsel showed that the interpreters never come before. For those on staff, that for legal translations or the production interpreted for the full eight hours a often means job reductions or losses. department for technical translations. day for which they were on staff. On The new hospital administrator’s All of this usually means that ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 23 The Value of the In-House Linguist Continued in-house linguists have the desire and updated, indexed, and maintained, company where they used to work, as are better positioned to produce the and suggesting new and useful elec- well as at other companies. best possible outcome. As a result, tronic and hard copy resources for a The dollar value to a company they often provide better quality department or company library. In from institutional knowledge, inter- work, and projects are more likely to addition, translators and interpreters departmental cooperation, preventing be completed correctly the first time can propose new technologies that learning curve issues, saving time around. This reduces the aggravation will continue to increase their pro- and money by reducing errors, and cost to requesting departments of ductivity. Something they could be streamlining recruiting, and contin- having work corrected or redone. doing right now, for example, is uing to improve translation produc- In spite of these benefits, having experimenting with the new search tivity and efficiency can be quite an in-house team rarely completely engines that index documents and cut significant over time. Once properly eliminates the need for help from search times down to seconds from quantified, such added value can be additional outside resources like minutes. presented in a way traditional man- translation agencies or freelance When an in-house language serv- agers can relate to, and may go a long translators. However, the in-house ices department is required to func- way towards helping clients see what team can help the company by tion as a profit center, at least some of in-house linguists bring to the table. bringing their experience to bear in the department’s time should be spent If these benefits fail to save staff choosing the right outside resources on marketing its services to other positions, understanding the value to provide the needed assistance so parts of the company and keeping built over time from their services that projects can be completed seam- track of all aspects of the depart- and putting a positive spin on the sit- lessly, efficiently, and effectively. ment’s performance. uation can help translators and interpreters negotiate from a position of Additional Translation- and Making the Most of the Cyclical strength when discussing a potential Interpreting-Related Services Nature of Business new relationship with the company. What should translators and inter- Given the nature of the business Alternatively, the knowledge built preters do with time that is not directly cycle, it is inevitable that even the can be parlayed into a new venture spent on their primary functions? As is best intentioned and well organized that can continue to benefit all sides. the case in other professions, the trans- in-house translation and interpreting lation process is performed best with department will at some point face the help of certain support functions. A questions about its relevance to the couple of the support functions most business it is a part of. If allegiance to closely related to translation and inter- and knowledge of the business preting are terminology management, through training and helping to build documentation, and technology. internal systems proves insufficient Take Advantage of For instance, translations can be to save some jobs or the department, kept consistent and produced quickly consider the following. Your Benefits when terminology and legacy mate- The knowledge that translators rials are tracked properly and are and interpreters gain over the years easy to access and use. Translators through working for a company still Life and Disability Insurance and interpreters can have a hand in remains of value after they leave. Mutual of Omaha building, updating, and maintaining Depending on the extent of the cuts, (800) 624-5554 the terminology databases, computer- that knowledge can be used by indi- assisted translation tools, and docu- viduals to continue to work for the (402) 342-7600 ment catalogues they need to be the company on a freelance basis. www.atanet.org/mutual.htm most productive. Their contributions Alternatively, teams of translators in such cases could be anything from and interpreters can join forces to adding terminology records to data- form a company that can bid on trans- bases, keeping translation memories lation and interpreting projects at the

24 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 XVII World Congress of the International Federation of Translators “Rights On!” Tampere, Finland August 4-7, 2005

Welcome to the XVII FIT World Congress!

The International Federation of Translators holds its World Congress every three years, when about 500 translators, interpreters, and terminologists from all over the globe meet to discuss the latest topics pertinent to our profession.

The 2005 Congress, with the theme of translators’ rights, promises to be worthwhile and will cast new light on our profession. It is hosted this year by the Finnish Association of Translators and Interpreters (www.sktl.net). You will find that Tampere is a dynamic university town where everything is conducive to acquiring knowledge (www.tampere.fi/ english_v). Don’t miss this opportunity to meet new friends, chat with familiar colleagues, and learn valuable information. See you soon!

Sessions topics will include: ¥ Rights in Translation and Interpreting: Present Needs and Future Challenges ¥ Legal Translation and Court Interpreting ¥ Ethics, Status, and Future of the Profession ¥ Translation of Literature ¥ Translation for the Media ¥ Scientific, Technical, and Medical Translation ¥ Terminology and Localization ¥ Conference, Court, and Community Interpreting ¥ Special Aspects of Translation and Interpreting

Organizers: The XVII FIT World Congress is hosted by the Finnish Association of Translators and Interpreters in cooperation with FIT.

For more information, contact: Tel: +358-3-366 4400 Fax:+358-3-222 6440 E-mail: [email protected] www.tampereconference.fi

Read more about the Congress on page 11!

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 25 ATA Chapters, Affiliated Groups, and Other Groups

ATA Chapters National Capital Area Chapter Affiliated Groups Atlanta Association of Interpreters of ATA (NCATA) Houston Interpreters and Translators and Translators (AAIT) P.O. Box 5757 Association (HITA) P.O. Box 12172 Washington, DC 20016-5757 P.O. Box 421343 Atlanta, GA 30355 Tel: (703) 255-9290 • Fax (202) 234-5656 Houston, TX 77242-1343 Tel: (770) 587-4884 [email protected] • www.ncata.org Tel: (713) 202-6169 [email protected] • www.aait.org www.hitagroup.org New York Circle of Translators (NYCT) Carolina Association of Translators P.O. Box 4051, Grand Central Station Iowa Interpreters and Translators and Interpreters (CATI) New York, NY 10163-4051 Association (IITA) 318 Bandock Drive Tel: (212) 334-3060 P.O. Box 7631 Durham, NC 27703 [email protected] Urbandale, IA 50323 Tel: (919) 577-0840 www.nyctranslators.org Tel: (515) 865-3873 • Fax: (515) 278-5841 [email protected] • www.catiweb.org [email protected] • www.iitanet.org Northeast Ohio Translators Delaware Valley Translators Association (NOTA) Utah Translators and Interpreters Association (DVTA) 33425 Bainbridge Road Association (UTIA) 606 John Anthony Drive Solon, OH 44139 P.O. Box 433 West Chester, PA 19382-7191 Tel: (440) 519-0161 Salt Lake City, UT 84110 Tel: (215) 222-0955 [email protected] • www.ohiotranslators.org [email protected] [email protected] www.stampscapes.com/utia www.fortunecity.de/lindenpark/ Northern California Translators kuenstler/59/dvta.htm Association (NCTA) Other Groups P.O. Box 14015 This list gives contact information for Florida Chapter of ATA (FLATA) Berkeley, CA 94712-5015 translation and interpretation groups as a P.O. Box 14-1057 Tel: (510) 845-8712 • Fax: (510) 883-1355 service to ATA members. Inclusion does not Coral Gables, FL 33114-1057 [email protected] • www.ncta.org imply affiliation with or endorsement by ATA. Tel/Voice: (305) 274-3434 Fax: (305) 387-6712 Northwest Translators American Literary Translators [email protected] • www.atafl.org and Interpreters Society (NOTIS) Association (ALTA) P.O. Box 25301 The University of Texas at Dallas Michigan Translators/ Seattle, WA 98165-2201 Box 830688 Mail Station JO51 Interpreters Network (MiTiN) Tel: (206) 382-5642 Richardson, TX 75083-0688 P.O. Box 852 [email protected] • www.notisnet.org Tel: (972) 883-2093 • Fax: (972) 883-6303 Novi, MI 48376-0852 www.literarytranslators.org Tel: (586) 778-7304 • Fax: (248) 344-0092 Southern California Area Translators and [email protected] • www.mitinweb.org Interpreters Association (SCATIA) Association of Language Companies (ALC) P.O. Box 34310 1911 N Fort Myer Drive, Suite 702 Los Angeles, CA 90034 Mid-America Chapter of ATA (MICATA) Arlington, VA 22209-1605 Tel: (818) 725-3899 • Fax: (818) 340-9177 6600 NW Sweetbriar Lane Tel: (800) 338-4155 (within North America) Kansas City, MO 64151 [email protected] • www.scatia.org (703) 812-0883 • Fax: (703) 875-0301 Tel: (816) 741-9441 • Fax: (816) 741-9482 [email protected] • www.alcus.org [email protected] • www.ata-micata.org Upper Midwest Translators and Interpreters Association (UMTIA) Austin Area Translators and Interpreters Midwest Association of Translators and Minnesota Translation Lab Association (AATIA) Interpreters (MATI) University of Minnesota P.O. Box 13331 542 S Dearborn Street, Suite 1060 218 Nolte Center Austin, TX 78711-3331 Chicago, IL 60605 Minneapolis, MN 55455 Tel: (512) 707-3900 Tel: (312) 427-5450 • Fax: (312) 427-1505 Tel: (612) 625-3096 [email protected] • www.aatia.org [email protected] • www.matiata.org [email protected] • www.umtia.org

ATA Members Two Rad Technologies Website Development [email protected] www.atanet.org/radtown

26 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Note: For more information on chapters or to start a chapter, please contact ATA Headquarters. Send updates to Mary David, ATA Chronicle, 225 Reinekers Lane, Suite 590, Alexandria, VA 22314; Tel: (703) 683-6100; Fax: (703) 683-6122; [email protected].

California Court Interpreters New England Translators Association of Translators and Association (CCIA) Association (NETA) Interpreters of Ontario (ATIO) 345 S Hwy 101, Suite D 672 Salls Road 1 Nicholas Street, Suite 1202 Encinitas, CA 92024 Greensborough Bend, VT 05842 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 7B7 Tel: (760) 635-0273 • Fax: (760) 635-0276 Tel: (802) 533-9228 Tel: (613) 241-2846 [email protected] • www.ccia.org [email protected] • www.netaweb.org Toll-free: 1 (800) 234-5030 Fax: (613) 241-4098 Chicago Area Translators and Interpreters New Mexico Translators and Interpreters [email protected] • www.atio.on.ca Association (CHICATA) Association (NMTIA) P.O. Box 804595 P.O. Box 36263 Ordre des traducteurs, terminologues et Chicago, IL 60680-4107 Albuquerque, NM 87176 interprètes agréés du Québec (OTTIAQ) Tel: (312) 836-0961 Tel: (505) 352-9258 • Fax: (505) 352-9372 2021 Union Avenue, Suite 1108 [email protected] • www.chicata.org [email protected] Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2S9 www.cybermesa.com/~nmtia Tel: (514) 845-4411 Colorado Translators Association (CTA) Toll-free: (800) 265-4815 941 Cedwick Street The Translators and Interpreters Fax: (514) 845-9903 Lafayette, CO 80026 Guild (TTIG) [email protected] • www.ottiaq.org Tel: (720) 890-7934 962 Wayne Avenue, Suite 500 [email protected] Silver Spring, MD 20910 Society of Translators and Interpreters of www.cta-web.org Tel: (301) 563-6450 • (866) 563-6456 British Columbia (STIBC) Fax: (301) 563-6020 850 W Hastings Street, Suite 514, Box 34 Delaware Translators Network (DTN) [email protected] • www.ttig.org Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 2401 Pennsylvania Avenue #912 V6C 1E1 Wilmington, DE 19806 Washington State Court Interpreters and Tel: (604) 684-2940 • Fax: (604) 684-2947 Tel: (302) 655-5368 Translators Society (WITS) [email protected] • www.stibc.org [email protected] P.O. Box 1012 Seattle, WA 98111-1012 ENGLAND El Paso Interpreters and Translators Tel: (206) 382-5690 Institute of Translation & Interpreting (ITI) Association (EPITA) www.witsnet.org Fortuna House P.O. Box 27157 South Fifth Street El Paso, TX 79926 International Groups Milton Keynes Tel: (915) 598-4757 or (915) 256-0590 FIT MK9 2EU England [email protected] Fédération Internationale des Tel: +44 (0) 1908 325 250 Traducteurs/International Federation of Fax: +44 (0) 1908 325 259 The Kentucky Translators and Interpreters Translators (FIT) [email protected] • www.iti.org.uk Association (KTIA) 2021 Avenue Union, Bureau 1108 P.O. Box 7468 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2S9 MEXICO Louisville, KY 40257-0468 Tel: (514) 845-0413 • Fax: (514) 845-9903 Organización Mexicana de Traductores A.C. Tel: (502) 548-3988 [email protected] Capítulo Occidente E-mail: [email protected] www.fit-ift.org Av. Vallarta 1525–304 Col. Americana Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico Metroplex Interpreters and Translators AUSTRALIA Tel: +52-33-3124-0236 Association (MITA) Australian Institute of Interpreters and Fax: +52-33-3124-0237 712 Cornfield Drive Translators, Inc. (AUSIT) [email protected] Arlington, TX 76017 PO Box 1070 www.omt.org.mx Tel: (817) 417-4747 Blackburn North VIC 3130 Australia www.dfw-mita.com Tel: +61 3 9597 9958 PERU [email protected] • www.ausit.org Asociación de Traductores Profesionales National Association of Judiciary del Perú (ATPP) Interpreters and Translators (NAJIT) CANADA Casilla Postal 18-0251 603 Stewart Street, Suite 610 Association of Translators and Lima 18 Perú Seattle, WA 98101 Interpreters of Alberta (ATIA) Tel: +51 (1) 264-2214 • Fax: +51 (1) 264-5567 Tel: (206) 267-2300 • Fax: (206) 626-0392 P.O. Box 546 [email protected] Main Post Office http://www.atpp.org.pe Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 2K8 Tel: (780) 434-8384 www.atia.ab.ca

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 27 Upper Midwest Translators & Interpreters Association Fourth Annual Conference September 24, 2005 8:30 am – 4:30 pm

Holiday Inn Select International Hwy 494 & 34th Avenue South ¥ Bloomington, Minnesota (952) 854-9000

UMTIA proudly joins the efforts of ATA and other professional associations and individuals nationwide in promoting 2005 as the “Year of Languages,” as desig- nated by the U.S. Congress. In line with these efforts, this conference is dedicated to those committed to extending public knowledge about world languages, cultures, and language-related professions (including interpreting, translation, localization, and project management).

Information for Exhibitors Please contact Larry Bogoslaw ([email protected]) or Nadia Najarro Smith ([email protected]) for current prices for booth space at the 2005 Conference.

Watch for registration info coming soon! Visit www.umtia.com to see latest details.

Earn a total of 7 ATA Continuing Education Points!

Culture Crash: New Refugees in the U.S. Biomedical System Continued from p. 22

13. Holtzman, Jon D. 2000. Nuer 18. Refugee Health Assessment Guide, 21. Interview with Awein Majak, a Journeys Nuer Lives, pages 29-49. Appendix J. Massachusetts Depart- Dinka and Arabic medical inter- ment of Public Health Bureau of preter, August 2004. 14. Interview with Awein Majak, a Communicable Disease Control Dinka and Arabic medical inter- Refugee and Immigrant Health 22. Interview with Sharon Svihel, a preter, August 2004. Program, www.mass.gov/dph/cdc/ Sudan missionary, world relief rhip/rha/appendices/defn.pdf. volunteer, and adopted “mother” 15. Interviews with five Nuer and of 108 “Lost Boys” in Dinka men and three Dinka 19. Kandula, Namratha R., Margaret Jacksonville, Florida, July 2004. women, all of whom wished to Kersey, and Nicole Lurie. remain anonymous, February and “Assuring the Health of 23. Refugee Health Assessment July 2004. Immigrants: What the Leading Guide, Appendix J. Massachusetts Health Indicators Tell Us,” The Department of Public Health 16. Interview with Anthony Akech, Annual Review of Public Health, Bureau of Communicable “One of The Lost Boys of Sudan,” Vol. 25: 357-376, April 2004. Disease Control Refugee and August 2004. Immigrant Health Program, 20. Interview with Dhan Gatkek, a www.mass.gov/dph/cdc/rhip/rha/ 17. Fene, Deanna. “Back to Sudan,” Nuer interpreter, June 2004. appendices/defn.pdf. First Coast News. Jacksonville, Florida, June 17, 2004.

Visit us on the web at www.atanet.org today!

28 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 De-Hyping Translation Memory: True Benefits, Real Differences, and an Educated Guess about its Future

By Jost Zetzsche

n a literal sense, translation (such as IBM’s Translation Manager, This group can be categorized by its memory programs are applications Alpnet’s TSS/Joust, SDL’s Amptran, range of applications: I that extend the memory of the or Cypresoft’s Trans Suite 2000). translation professional by allowing ¥ TRADOS covers a very large him or her to build up databases of Categories of Translation range of applications and formats translated material and leverage that Memory Tools through its RTF and tagged text against newly translatable content. The commercially available tools can conversion utilities and, lately, However, this general definition does be classified into two main categories: with the increased use of its new not take into account all of the capa- interfaces, the TagEditor and the bilities of these programs. ¥ Tools that perform all or most of T-Windows collection. These tools also allow the user to their work through macros in build up terminology databases that Microsoft Word that allow interac- ¥ MultiTrans offers several other complement and extend the function- tion between translation memory(s) translation interfaces besides MS ality of the translation memories. and terminology database(s); and Word, including WordPerfect and They enable translators to work in PowerPoint. very complicated file formats that ¥ Tools that let the translator work in they may not understand or otherwise an independent, mostly tabular ¥ The other tools are primarily be able to support. Furthermore, environment. focused on native MS Word files or many of these programs provide other formats that can be accessed methods for analysis, quality assur- through MS Word (either through ance, and productivity that go way “…While translation a tagging mechanism or by beyond the typical functions of a mere memory does make us all “calling” into other applications). “translation memory” tool. It may be surprising for some to more efficient, ultimately MultiTrans does not completely fit learn that translation memory tools any translation memory or in the above category. In fact, its devel- have been around for some time. The opers would argue that it is not a TRADOS translation company, terminology database is “translation memory” tool at all, but a founded in 1984, released its first only as good as the “bi-text” or “corpora” tool. Instead of commercial product, MultiTerm translation professional matching on a sentence-by-sentence (TRADOS’ terminology management level, MultiTrans’ corpora are full component), in 1990, and Workbench who created it…” source- and target-language texts that (TRADOS’ translation memory appli- contain the entire context of the orig- cation for DOS) in 1992. In 1994, inal. These texts have an approximate TRADOS released a Windows version Tools Using Microsoft Word as Their matching capacity that allows align- with an MS Word interface. The trans- Main Translation Interface. The ment (the generation of translation lation agency Star—like TRADOS, most well known application of the memory databases out of previously founded in 1984—released a product MS Word plug-in is TRADOS (see translated text) to be done virtually on that was originally designed for in- www.trados.com). Others include: the fly. MultiTrans was designed to house use: Star Transit, with its termi- cater to the needs of the Canadian gov- nology component TermStar. IBM ¥ MultiTrans ernment, whose millions of pages of released its Translation Manager (www.multicorpora.com); translated content from and to French (TM/2) product in 1992 (and buried it ¥ Wordfast (www.wordfast.net); and English proved too much to put in 2002). And, as the first Windows- ¥ MetaTexis (www.metatexis.com); through a manual alignment process. based commercial product, Atril’s ¥ WordFisher Déjà Vu was released in 1993. (www.wordfisher.com, now avail- Tools Using an Independent While a large number of other able as freeware); Translation Interface. The last tools have entered the market in the ¥ Fusion (www.orcadev.com); and group—the category that presents all ensuing years, old tools are being dis- ¥ Logoport (www.logoport.net). files in an independent, uniform continued at nearly the same pace format—includes: ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 29 De-Hyping Translation Memory Continued

urable terminology component translated files. The benefit of this is ¥ Lionbridge’s open source application that plays a fairly major role in the that there is no need for an “addi- ForeignDesk (www.foreigndesk.net); translation workflow. tional” database that may tie up computer or server space. The drawbacks ¥ German newcomer across ¥ All of them process texts in are the large amount of translated file (www.across.net); Unicode, thus providing access to pairs that have to be retained to pro- all languages that are supported by vide for the necessary “reference ¥ Singaporean Heartsome the Windows operating system. material,” plus the fact that the user (www.heartsome.net); and has to have a very good overview of ¥ All of them have a feature that what is actually contained in the ¥ The better-known applications: allows alignment. legacy material. SDLX (www.sdlx.com), Star Transit A major difference between the (www.star-transit.com), and Déjà Vu ¥ All of them provide support for translation memory databases of (see www.atril.com). TMX, the XML-based translation TRADOS, Déjà Vu, and SDLX lies in memory exchange format. their formats. In its non-enterprise ver- Lionbridge truly broke new ground sions, TRADOS uses a proprietary when it released ForeignDesk as an ¥ All of them support a similarly database format, while Déjà Vu and open source software application in broad range of file formats SDLX use a generic industry-standard 2001, but it never really caught on, (including desktop publishing, format. TRADOS uses the same data- partly because of its interdepend- word processing, and software base engine for its databases as ence with many of the TRADOS development formats) and tagging Microsoft Access. This differentiation tagged formats. standards (HTML and SGML). is probably not so relevant for a begin- Heartsome offers a whole new ning user, but it can make a difference approach to translation memory ¥ All of them allow concordance for an advanced user. TRADOS’ data- because it uses the exchange formats searches (searches for a single word base concept limits the user to prede- TMX (for translation memories), TBX or expression within larger seg- fined ways of “communicating” with (for terminology databases), and XLIFF ments) in their translation memories. the databases, whereas the open data- (for multilingual translation files) as its base concept of Déjà Vu and SDLX primary working format. Any supported ¥ All of them have some general allow for more extensive database file type is first converted to one of these word processing features, such as access with readily provided tools and data types before the actual translation spell checking or a “search & through standard SQL (Structured occurs. Another first for Heartsome is replace” function. Query Language) commands. that it equally supports Windows, Mac, and Linux platforms. ¥ All of them provide fairly detailed Terminology Handling. What are ter- analysis features. minology databases good for if all the In the following analysis, I will relevant material is already located in concentrate primarily on three some- This is more or less where the the translation memories? For new what representative tools: the veterans similarities end. users of translation memory pro- TRADOS, Transit, and Déjà Vu, and grams, the use of the terminology the relative newcomer SDLX. The Differences databases often seems superfluous, if Translation Memories. Transit is fun- not downright confusing. There are The Similarities damentally different from TRADOS, several reasons for this: In some areas, the major tools have SDLX, and Déjà Vu in the sense that become increasingly similar (aside rather than using an external transla- ¥ Obviously, the name “translation from their inherent similarity that they tion memory, which stores previously memory” program seems to sug- all have translation memories and dis- translated information, it provides for gest that the emphasis is on the play translatable text). For instance: a “virtual” translation memory— translation memory. (Most of the Transit refers to it as “reference mate- major applications have recog- ¥ All of them have a freely config- rial”—by associating already nized this and do not actually use

30 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 that terminology anymore. were entered, the application will ¥ Term entry has become less cum- actually recognize which of these bersome. ¥ There is a more immediate gain terms is more relevant. Depending, through perfect and fuzzy matches for instance, on whether a text from Déjà Vu and SDLX have gone a on a sentence-by-sentence basis than the subject area “Flora and Fauna,” slightly different route with their han- there is with terminology databases. “Translation Technology,” or “Heavy dling of terminology. Their termi- Machinery” is being translated, the nology components have always been ¥ Translation memories can be built application will make the more likely closely integrated into the translation up relatively quickly by aligning choice for the correct term (while still workflow—the terminology compo- existing translated file pairs auto- allowing the translator to access the nents were never sold and marketed matically as you translate new texts. other ones). apart from the main applications. In For the most part, TRADOS and fact, terminology database files are ¥ The construction of terminology Transit have marketed and sold their accessed and maintained directly databases is a comparatively terminology databases either as part from the main interface. Just like tedious process. Terms have to be of a combination with their transla- TRADOS and Transit, the termi- individually highlighted in the tion memory solutions or as a stand- nology databases are concept-based translation or even entered into the alone solution. and completely configurable. terminology management applica- Transit probably concentrated One unique aspect of the termi- tion, and additional information most of its earliest efforts on devel- nology treatment of Déjà Vu is the so- has to be entered. oping a sophisticated terminology called “assemble” feature. This tool called TermStar. It allows you to feature provides the possibility of If it is indeed so tedious to build up enter a large variety of data: client, piecing together segments that cannot and use terminology databases, what date, definition(s), homonyms, and, of be found in the translation memories makes them so important? course, translation. While this tool or by fixing fuzzy matches from the The terminology database is the can be opened and used as an indi- translation memories and turning place where translation professionals vidual application, it becomes part of them into perfect matches. can invest effort into defining words and the workflow and interface when used phrases grammatically, contextually, or in actual translation work. The terms The Work Environment for the even by contrast. If this is very helpful that are displayed in the “Dictionary” Translator for a single translator, imagine how windows in the main translation inter- There are three major areas where much more beneficial it is in a virtual face can be entered with the associ- the work environment has an immediate translators’ workgroup! Of course, none ated keyboard shortcut. New terms impact on the work of the translator: of this is news to anyone: any good dic- can be entered by highlighting source tionary offers the same concept. What and target terms and entering them in ¥ The interface of the translation makes these “dictionaries” much more the attached dictionary by choosing work; exciting is that they are completely cus- the appropriate menu commands. ¥ The file handling capabilities; and tomizable. Furthermore, they are “living TRADOS’ new terminology pro- ¥ The code handling. dictionaries” that present their findings gram, MultiTerm iX, has a similar for each segment being translated. range of applications to TermStar’s, The Interface. Transit, SDLX, and Why, then, is it helpful to have and has a number of advantages over Déjà Vu offer translations in an inde- numerous translations for—let’s say— the older, relatively unpopular version pendent yet completely different “cat” (“feline animal,”“computer- of MultiTerm. For example: interface from each other—Transit’s assisted translation,”“Caterpillar,” etc.) interface is more that of a bilingual pop up during the translation of a text? ¥ It is based on standard XML and text editor, whereas SDLX’s and Déjà Because of the close association of the the Microsoft Access engine rather Vu’s is that of a bilingual table. Users terminology databases with a given than a proprietary database format. of these tools describe the benefits of translation project, and because of all handling text in independent applica- the information that has been fed into ¥ It exports into XML, HTML, and tions, such as in SDLX, Transit, and the terminology database as the terms RTF. Déjà Vu, as follows: ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 31 De-Hyping Translation Memory Continued

¥ Regardless of the source text and memory tools have to deal with two project manager (which consists of file format, the translation environ- different kinds of codes: analyzing, pre-translating, and post- ment always stays the same. processing) is done through batch ¥ Code that appears only outside (or processes in all four tools. In the case ¥ No “file conversion” is necessary between) segments; and of SDLX and TRADOS, translators to make texts display in an envi- ¥ Code that appears within segments. may receive numerous individual ronment such as MS Word. files, but the project manager only All of the tools make only the text processes them in batches. ¥ The program is independent of any and the inner-segment codes acces- While Transit, SDLX, and Déjà Vu third party (i.e., an upgrade to MS sible to the translator. However, offer the ability to prepare files so that Word does not have any effect on the TRADOS and Transit store the actual translators can translate them using a computer-assisted translation tool). codes for the formatting, whereas free download of the appropriate pro- Déjà Vu and SDLX only store place- gram, TRADOS does not offer this On the other hand, TRADOS’ tra- holders for these codes. The benefit of functionality. On the other hand, ditional method of displaying trans- the former method is that you can TRADOS is clearly the most fre- latable text in MS Word gives many store a change of formatting (let’s say, quently used tool among freelance users the comfortable feeling of oper- from bold to italics) between source translators, so there is a high likeli- ating in a familiar environment, and and target languages. The benefit of hood that translators already own they find the full WYSIWYG (“what- the placeholders is that it is 100% TRADOS. And lastly, should the you-see-is-what-you-get”) interface compatible across file formats and translator not own TRADOS, helpful when translating DOC or RTF formatting information. TRADOS files can be processed using files. However, because this was orig- many of the other translation memory inally true only for these formats, File Handling. In the actual transla- tools. TRADOS offers Web-based since every non-RTF or non-DOC file tion work, Déjà Vu and Transit think in translation memories, and TRADOS, had to be converted to an RTF or terms of “projects.” Everything is SDLX, and Transit offer Web-based DOC file before processing, treated as if it were one large file, with terminology databases. Déjà Vu does TRADOS introduced an additional all the translatable information being not offer any of these features. interface. The TagEditor was origi- accessible at the same time. Though Of course, all these tools do offer nally intended only for HTML- and SDLX works with projects, the only multilingual processing, but only SGML-type files, but it now allows source format where it allows true Déjà Vu and SDLX allow the possi- for the processing of a variety of batch translation is HTML, through a bility of having all languages con- tagged file formats (including RTF, process of “gluing” a number of tained in one translation memory, thus HTML, SGML, or various DTP for- tagged files into one large file. reducing setup time for the project. mats), and even Excel, PowerPoint, Otherwise, it performs translation on a and MS Word in TRADOS-specific file-to-file basis. TRADOS, on the A Glance into the Future TTX (TradosTag format) files. Other other hand, always performs transla- The midterm developments for TRADOS interfaces for other file tion strictly on a file-to-file basis. The translation memory technology and types, such as the so-called T-Window difference in this approach becomes use will be in the following areas: programs, include different environ- particularly apparent when working on ments for software resource files, exe- translation projects with an extremely ¥ Stronger integration into content cutable files, or clipboard content. large number of files, such as websites management systems; or software localization projects. ¥ Stronger emphasis on integrated Code Handling. With the exception workflow/project management of plain text files, every file type con- The Work Environment for the capabilities; tains some kind of coding informa- Project Manager ¥ Online access to databases as a tion. This coding information can From the project manager’s view- common and well-used feature; serve a variety of purposes, including point, the work environments for and formatting, programming informa- these tools differ significantly from ¥ Translation memories as mar- tion, and hyperlinks. Translation the translator’s. File handling for the ketable assets.

32 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Content Management Systems. vendors are trying to cater to that When end clients who hold most if Both TRADOS, SDLX, and Transit need. When the workflow systems are not all the copyrights to their transla- have been very active in this area; able to cover most or all project man- tion memories recognize that they can TRADOS and SDLX through a agement needs, including accounting, receive a more immediate return on number of partnerships with content these tools will have a tremendous the investment of their translation management providers, and Transit impact on the industry. costs, it will only be a matter of time through the development of compat- before they begin offering their trans- ible content management systems. Online Access. Virtually all of the lation memories for sale. While this is a positive development, translation memory systems that were For a recent development on this, it presents somewhat of a challenge to released in the last couple of years— visit www.tmmarketplace.com. the language provider. If there is a Fusion, Logoport, across (as well as true integration of content manage- the more well known tools, such as Conclusion ment and translation memory, either TRADOS, Transit, and SDLX)— The use of translation memory has the clients will be more heavily have at least one online access com- become standard for translation pro- involved in translation memory man- ponent, thus clearly emphasizing the fessionals in the technical field, and agement or else the vendors will have need for that feature. Virtual work- this is increasingly true in the med- to broaden their service portfolio. groups and routine high-speed access ical, legal, and financial fields as well. have long become a reality, and the Has it made our profession more Workflow/Project Management only effective way to exchange data is reliant on technology? Probably. But Integration. Various systems, through the use of common databases. at the same time, has it replaced or including TRADOS and SDLX, have removed the “human element” of integrated a strong workflow compo- Translation Memory as a Marketable translation in any shape or form? I nent. Other primarily workflow sys- Asset. While to some this may seem would emphatically deny that. While tems, such as Idiom, have an integrated like the most nebulous development, it translation memory does make us all translation memory component. is inevitable. So far the discussion sur- more efficient, ultimately any transla- I believe that most multi-language rounding this has not progressed tion memory or terminology database vendors today would describe the beyond the copyright and quality con- is only as good as the translation pro- need for an adequate workflow system cerns, but interest in a marketplace for fessional who created it. as being equally if not more important translation memory data has long been than a translation memory system. present. (In fact, it has also long been a Considering this, it is not surprising reality, as is evident by the popularity that computer-assisted translation of the Microsoft “Glossaries.”)

ATA Honors and Awards Committee Seeks Readers The Honors and Awards Committee needs to expand its corps of readers for its two translation prizes: the Ungar German Translation Award for a distinguished literary translation from German into English, awarded in odd-numbered years, and the Lewis Galantière Translation Award for translations from any language, except German, into English, awarded in even-numbered years. The first reader for each book nominated must be fluent in the source language; the second reader need not be. Readers are furnished with a formal report form and have roughly two months in the summer to evaluate the book(s). There is no honorarium, but readers may keep the book(s) they evaluate. For more information on responsibilities, please e-mail Honors and Awards Chair Marilyn Gaddis Rose ([email protected]). Anyone ready to volunteer now should e-mail Gaddis Rose, with a copy to Teresa Kelly ([email protected]) at ATA Headquarters.

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 33 Making a Mountain of Mountains: Understanding Fukada Kyu¯ya’s Meizan

By Craig McGinty

his article discusses the partic- Hyakumeizan and with some of the always seem to understand the basis ular meaning given to the term mountains it describes, I also became on which the selection was made. For T meizan ( ) within the con- increasingly aware of how often the instance, on one Internet site, a text of the well-known list of moun- term hyakumeizan is used to describe woman writes that the mountains tains that was developed by Fukada the mountains listed in the book. For were selected using many criteria, Kyuøya1 ( ; 1903-1971), the instance, one morning in the summer including geography.4 As discussed Japanese mountaineer and author of of 2001, after reaching the summit of later in this article, Fukada based his the book Nihon Hyakumeizan Kobushidakeø ( ; 2,460 selection on only three criteria (and ( ; commonly understood meters, located where the borders of geography was not one of them). to mean “One Hundred Famous Saitama Prefecture, Nagano Prefec- Most non-Japanese living in Japan Mountains of Japan”). Although my ture, and Yamanashi Prefecture meet), understand the term to mean area of specialization in translation is I noticed that next to an old wooden “famous mountain(s),” as is evident in not criticism, this topic has occupied sign with the name and elevation of English publications on the subject.5 my interest since I began hiking the the mountain was a newer and more However, a simple Internet search of mountains of central Honshuuø roughly conspicuous sign that read Japanese websites reveals that Japanese seven years ago. “ .” Obviously, people think of the term in very First published in 1964, Nihon the party responsible for the newer different ways. When I conducted a Hyakumeizan has enjoyed a steadily search last year using different key- growing popularity in Japan over the words and combinations of keywords, I years, as have the 100 mountains “…With Nihon came across Japanese sites that trans- listed therein. This is evident from the lated as “beautiful mountain(s),” numerous guidebooks, periodicals, Hyakumeizan, Fukada “high and beautiful mountain(s),” videos, DVDs, and CD-ROMs inadvertently created a “sacred mountain(s),”“great moun- devoted to the subject, and also by ‘mountain’ of tain(s),”“famous mountain(s),” and posters advertising the towns and pre- “renowned mountain(s).” The variety fectures in Japan that are home to mountains…” of these translations underscores the these 100 mountains.2 In fact, while difficulty of capturing in one succinct in Yokohama last year to attend the English adjective what Fukada 15th Annual International Japanese/ sign was capitalizing on the inclusion intended the term to mean. English Translation Conference, I of the mountain in Fukada’s book and So what did Fukada mean when he stopped in a bookstore to purchase the appeal this has in drawing people referred to mountains in his list as the some topographical maps and discov- to the mountain. hyakumeizan? The term refers to the ered an entire shelf labeled “” Perhaps due to the lack of litera- 100 mountains in Japan that were stocked with books on the subject.3 In ture in English on the subject, there selected by Fukada as being, in his July of 2003, the Japanese Postal seems to be some confusion among opinion, the most impressive or sig- Service even issued a Fukada Kyuøya non-Japanese as to what the term nificant of all the mountains in Japan. stamp commemorating what would hyakumeizan signifies and what dis- The problem is that the use of the have been his 100th birthday. It seems tinguishes the mountains in Fukada’s term meizan within hyakumeizan can the “hyakumeizan boom” that was list from other mountains in Japan. lead to some confusion. Meizan underway when I lived in Japan is For instance, the majority of non- relates to the greater cultural phenom- apparently still going strong. Japanese who are at least vaguely enon in Japan of designating natural I cannot recall the first time I familiar with the hyakumeizan usually or other places as particularly beau- encountered Fukada’s book or the refer to them as “(the) 100 famous tiful, sacred, or important. This is term hyakumeizan. It was probably mountains of Japan,” but do not seem manifested linguistically by such the result of seeing “”on a to be aware of the fact that the compounds as , , and . topographical map and wanting to hyakumeizan comprise a subjective Therefore, the mountains on Fukada’s know what the hyakumeizan were and list of mountains selected by a single list fall into a broader category of who devised the list. As I grew more individual. Other non-Japanese who mountains known as meizan, or those familiar with Fukada’s Nihon are more familiar with this list do not distinguished enough to be worthy of

34 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 meizan status. Thus, when one talks Fourteeners of Colorado7,even Another reason why I question the about meizan (i.e., as opposed to the though the goal of climbing all of the translation “famous mountain(s)” is hyakumeizan), one is not necessarily hyakumeizan might have the same because the single adjective “famous” referring to the mountains appearing meaning for some Japanese and expa- fails to capture the nuances of the in Fukada’s list, but to mountains that triate hikers as climbing all of the term meizan itself. In this connection, have traditionally been accorded Fourteeners might for some my conviction is shared by Professor meizan status. Coloradans. The hyakumeizan are Miyashita Keizo,ø who writes: “ What gives a mountain meizan also not listed in the order of best to status? The problem in answering this next best. Instead, the arrangement of question is that it can depend on which the list reflects a directional move of the mountain’s characteristics is from north to south over the topog- being given priority by the person raphy of Japan. Moreover, few, if any, with whom you are speaking or whose of the hyakumeizan require technical .” 10 sentences you are reading. Perhaps a skill to climb.8 Thus, to view them as In order to understand what greater understanding of this will be being the most challenging mountains Fukada meant by the term meizan, gained by looking more closely at the in Japan would be erroneous. In short, one must refer to the three criteria criteria Fukada used to designate the the hyakumeizan list is merely a sub- Fukada used in making his selection hyakumeizan. jective selection made by a highly for the list, which he discussed in the experienced mountaineer. The fact postscript to Nihon Hyakumeizan. The Book6 that Fukada himself climbed many The first criterion was “ ,” or Structurally, Fukada’s Nihon mountains just to narrow the list down what might be thought of as the char- Hyakumeizan is divided into 100 to 100 has lent an enormous amount acter of a mountain.11 In other words, short entries that begin with of credibility to his selection. As he a mountain worthy of meizan status Rishiridake ( ; 1,719 meters, notes in the book, it took him some 50 must have something that impresses on Rishiritoø off the northwest coast of years to compile the list. itself upon anyone who looks at it. Hokkaido)ø and end with This criterion unequivocally refers to Miyanouradake ( ; 1,935 Understanding the physical appearance of a given meters, on Yakushima south of I often question whether “famous mountain. That “something” that Kyuøshuø). As such, one can either read mountain(s)” is an acceptable way of impresses itself on the viewer might through the entries from beginning to translating into English,pre- be the severity, strength, or beauty of end or read individual entries in no par- cisely because several of Fukada’s the mountain. However, Fukada ticular order. In terms of content, the mountains are not well-known (i.e., wrote that even if a mountain passes entries discuss interesting facts and sto- outside of a limited geographical the test in terms of its elevation, it will ries about the mountains, such as the area) among the majority of Japanese not earn meizan status if it is a com- origin and significance of their names, people. Even Fukada recognized this. monplace mountain. as well as Fukada’s personal experi- For instance, in his entry on Kitadake The second criterion was ences in climbing them. The book can ( ; 3,192 meters, in Yamanashi “ ,” or the historical impor- serve as a guide for novices wanting to Prefecture), Fukada wrote: “ tance of a mountain. A mountain with select mountains in Japan to climb. It meizan status is one that people have also offers veteran hikers information had a deep and historically long rela- they might not easily find elsewhere. tionship with. Fukada wrote that a The hyakumeizan are not the 100 mountain which people revere highest mountains in Japan, nor are .” 9 Herein lies one of morning and evening, and on the they arranged in order of elevation. the ironies of the hyakumeizan:if summit of which a small shrine has (Thus, Mount Fuji does not appear as these are indeed “famous mountains,” been placed, inherently has meizan the first entry, but as number 72 on the many of them have become retroac- qualifications. Such a mountain is one list.) For this reason, it would be tively famous (or at least more where a spirit or deity dwells. In this unfair to draw a comparison between famous) as a result of their inclusion connection, Fukada lamented the the hyakumeizan and,say,the in Fukada’s book. explosive development of the ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 35 Making a Mountain of Mountains: Understanding Fukada Kyu¯ya’s Meizan Continued tourism industry, which he said has its unique, almost perfectly conical correspond to the mountains selected made profane once-distinguished shape that rises upward from the sea. by Fukada. mountains having old histories and Interestingly, Miyashita Keizoø Another person who contributed to left the mountain deities with no place observes that the criteria Fukada and the meizan concept was the geogra- to live. According to Fukada, a moun- others applied to the term meizan all pher Shiga Shigetaka ( ; tain that has been made profane is not lack the perspective of a moun- 1863-1927). Shiga’s Nihon Fuøkeiron worthy of meizan status. taineer.13 In other words, Fukada did ( ), which was published The third criterion was use criteria such as the physical in 1894, was reportedly a bestseller at “ ,” meaning a moun- pleasure or adventurous thrill one the time and had a huge impact on tain with individuality. A mountain feels in climbing a mountain. men who would later found the worthy of meizan status must have a Fukada’s first criterion was a purely Japanese Alpine Club in 1905. In unique shape or a phenomenon, event, visual one. Therefore, one can under- Nihon Fuøkeiron, Shiga listed two cri- or tradition associated with it. Thus, stand why some Japanese people have teria for determining the qualifica- this criterion might relate to the first translated as “beautiful moun- tions of a mountain worthy of meizan criterion (the mountain’s physical tain(s).” The problem with this trans- status. The first was that the overall appearance), but not always. Other, lation is that it fails to take into appearance of the mountain must be unseen, qualities may account for a consideration Fukada’s other criteria. artistically and geometrically bal- mountain’s individuality. In this With respect to Fukada’s second crite- anced. In other words, the mountain respect, Fukada conceded that not all rion, it is also understandable why must be aesthetically pleasing. The mountains are the same, and that each some Japanese people have translated second was that the mountain must be mountain has its own characteristics, as “sacred mountain(s).” The rich in variety.15 What should be noted but argued a mountain with meizan problem with this is that not all of the here is that, similar to Fukada’s first status has strong individuality.12 hyakumeizan have explicitly sacred criterion, Shiga’s first criterion was Fukada used elevation as an addi- associations. Regarding Fukada’s purely visual. tional criterion, and generally only third criterion, we can see why some It is not the purpose of this article considered mountains having a min- Japanese people have translated to trace the history and application of imum elevation of around 1,500 as “great mountain(s).” Again, the the term meizan, but I refer to the meters. For instance, he regarded problem with this translation is that it people above for several reasons. historically important mountains fails to take into consideration the First, Fukada himself specifically such as Yahikoyama ( ; 634 other criteria. It is not that the various referred to Tachibana Nankei and Tani meters, in Niigata Prefecture), translations offered by native Bunchoø in the postscript to Nihon Hieizan ( ; 848 meters, in Japanese are incorrect, but rather that Hyakumeizan. He also referred to Kyoto),ø and Hikosan ( ; 1,200 they are all correct in different ways. Shiga’s Nihon Fuøkeiron in the first meters, on the border_ of Fukuoka Fukada was not the first to devise a entry of Nihon Hyakumeizan, calling Prefecture and Oita Prefecture) as list of mountains with meizan status, it “ .”16 having undeniably meizan qualities, as he noted in the postscript. For Thus, he was clearly interested in but wrote that each of these moun- instance, he mentioned that the physi- what earlier travelers had considered tains is too low. Fukada did, how- cian and literary figure Tachibana meizan and, where possible, he inves- ever, make two exceptions: Nankei ( ; 1753-1805) cited tigated the reasons why these trav- Tsukubasan ( ; 876 meters, in several mountains that were meizan in elers accorded certain mountains Ibaraki Prefecture) and Kaimondake a passage called in his travel meizan status. Fukada devised a new ( ; 922 meters, in Kagoshima record Tøoyuøki ( ) of 1795-97. list of meizan mountains because, he Prefecture). In the case of Additionally, the painter Tani Bunchoø reasoned, many of the more remote Tsukubasan, he referred to the long ( ; 1763-1840) painted three mountains were inaccessible and cultural history associated with it scrolls of 90 mountains entitled Nihon unknown to these early men. Second, and to the numerous appearances of meizan zue ().14 The the term meizan did not originate with the mountain in Japanese poetry and mountains appearing in these works Fukada. The practice of bestowing literature. He wrote that Kaimondake will not be discussed here, but it is meizan status upon mountains had is worthy of meizan status because of worthy to note that not all of them already been in existence for a long

36 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 time in Japanese culture. By appropri- Fukada selected Kitadake and guage will gain a greater under- ating this term for the 100 mountains Ainodake for inclusion in standing of the term meizan (and featured in his book, Fukada was Nihon Hyakumeizan, but omitted Fukada’s concept of the drawing upon a certain historical cul- Notoridake.ø He wrote: hyakumeizan). tural resonance. But the unique aspect “ However, the issues I have touched of Fukada’s use of the term was that on here relate to a more general issue he labeled certain mountains as .”19 with which all translators must grapple: meizan that had not been granted this Also, although all of the mountains in namely, one must be sensitive to the status in the past—at least not indi- the Dewa Sanzan group are histori- complexity of problematic expressions vidually—so that one might even cally linked as a sacred place and in the source language when translating argue Fukada modernized the meizan appear in important Japanese literary such expressions into English. In concept. This newly granted status works, such as Matsuo Bashoø’s Oku preparing this article, I consulted with was a consequence of further explo- no hosomichi,20 Fukada included only several people who asked me how I ration resulting from the develop- Gassan in Nihon Hyakumeizan. With might translate into English. My ment, in late 19th- and 20th-century respect to Hagurosan, he wrote, own stance is that is best handled Japan, of mountain climbing as an “ by transliterating the term and providing activity unrelated to mountain wor- .”21 Thus, Fukada’s the reader or listener with a brief expla- ship or ascetic practices.17 general concern with elevation and nation of its meaning(s). The reason for Earlier, I mentioned that Miyashita his individual treatment of mountains this is because using a single adjective Keizoø notes that the criteria Fukada reveal the perspective of a modern in the translation is insufficient, and applied to the term meizan lack the alpinist. This also becomes important using many adjectives in the translation perspective of a mountaineer. I agree in understanding Fukada’s particular results in unwanted verbosity. I have with this observation to a certain use of the term meizan, because he noted that in some English-language extent, but disagree when it comes to acknowledged that there are many publications, there is even a tendency to Fukada’s additional criterion of eleva- historically and culturally significant gloss over the problem altogether and tion. Fukada wrote: “ mountains throughout Japan that have translate simply as “one hun- meizan qualities, but indicated that dred mountains.” This is not only inac- not all of these met the criteria for curate, but leaves the reader with no .”18 This is important inclusion within his concept of the sense of the cultural significance of the because Fukada individually treated hyakumeizan. expression. Hopefully, this will not be mountains that have generally been the case for long. classified according to their associa- Conclusion tion with adjacent mountains. For With Nihon Hyakumeizan, Fukada Notes instance, several of the mountains in inadvertently created a “mountain” of 1. Throughout this article, Japanese Fukada’s list belong to groups of mountains. Interest in the book and in names are given in traditional “three mountains” (). the mountains it lists has fueled a order, with the family name first Examples of these groups include boom in Japan that has yet to cease. and the given name last. the following: the “Shirane Sanzan” More and more hikers are treading the ( ), located in Yamanashi trails of the hyakumeizan. Newer signs 2. For instance, NHK BS-2 pro- Prefecture, which consist of on the summits of some of these duced and broadcast a series of Kitadake, Ainodake ( ; 3,189 mountains remind successful hikers short programs entitled meters), and Notoridakeø ( ; that they did not just climb any moun- that aired 3,050 meters); and the “Dewa tain—they climbed one of the in 1994 and 1995. All of these Sanzan” ( ), located in hyakumeizan. As the popularity of programs have been issued on 20 Yamagata Prefecture, which consist mountain climbing in Japan continues, videos and 10 DVDs by Yama to of Gassan ( ; 1,984 meters), one can expect guidebooks and other Keikokusha. Also, Asahi Hagurosan ( ; 414 meters), materials to appear in English. It is my Shimbunsha published 50 issues and Yudonosan ( ; 1,500 hope in writing this article that trans- of a weekly magazine in 2001, meters). Of the Shirane Sanzan, lators working with the Japanese lan- . The success ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 37 Making a Mountain of Mountains: Understanding Fukada Kyu¯ya’s Meizan Continued

of this magazine was followed by Kyuøya den (Tokyo: TBS Arupusu, pages 63-64. the publication of Britannica, 2002), pages 259-269. , which features the “” Fukada came up with the idea of 14. For more information on Shiga selected by the Fukada Club, and the hyakumeizan many years Shigetaka’s meizan and Tani . Numerous Japanese- before the publication of Nihon Bunchoø ’s meizan, see Saitoø language guidebooks, such as Hyakumeizan. Half of the essays Kazuo’s Nihon no meizan o kan- those published by Shobunsha,ø that would later make their way gaeru. An interesting attempt to are also available. To my knowl- into the book were first serialized photograph Bunchoø ’s meizan edge, no comparable book or from March 1959 to April 1963 in from the places where Bunchoø is essay has been written in English the periodical Yama to køogen believed to have painted them can on . ( ), published by be found in Miyake Osamu’s Hobundø o.ø A year after the book Gendai Nihon meizan zue (Tokyo: 3. Saitoø Kazuo discusses this in the appeared, it was awarded the pres- Jitsugyoø no Nihonsha, 2003). preface to Nihon no meizan o tigious Yomiuri Award for kangaeru (Tokyo: Atene Shobo,ø Literature ( ) in the cat- 15. The information here comes from 2001), where he writes: egory of criticism and biography. Miyashita Keizoø’s Nihon Arupusu, “ pages 61-62. 7. The term “Fourteeners” refers to all of the mountains in Colorado 16. In Fukada Kyuøya’s Nihon that have an elevation of at least Hyakumeizan, page 10. 14,000 feet. See, for example, Gerry Roach’s Colorado’s 17. For example, see Yamazaki Fourteeners: From Hikes to Yasuji’s Nihon tozanshi (Tokyo: Climbs (second edition), published Hakusuisha, 1969), and Yasukawa in 1999 by Fulcrum Publishing. Shigeo’s Kindai Nihon tozanshi (Tokyo: Akane Shobo,ø 1969). .” 8. Of course, this can depend on the route and the season in which the 18. In Fukada Kyuøya’s Nihon 4. See Ginger Vaughn, “Hyaku- mountain is climbed. Hyakumeizan, page 424. meizan: An Introduction,” www.outdoorjapan.com/columns/ 9. Fukada Kyuøya. 1991. Nihon 19. In Fukada Kyuøya’s Nihon hyakumeizan-1.html, and “The Hyakumeizan. Tokyo: Shinchosha,ø Hyakumeizan, page 342. Hyakumeizan Challenge,” www. page 338. weekender.co.jp/new/020816/ 20. Matsuo Basho.ø 1978. “Oku no mountaingirl-020816.html. 10. Miyashita Keizo.ø 1997. Nihon hosomichi.” In Shinchøo Nihon Arupusu: mitate no bunkashi. koten shuøsei: Bashøo monjuø. Tokyo: 5. For example, see Hiking in Japan Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo,ø page 69. Shinchosha,ø pages 137-40. (Melbourne: Lonely Planet, 2001) and the article “British Team 11. Fukada wrote: “ 21. In Fukada Kyuøya’s Nihon Planning to Climb 100 Japanese Hyakumeizan, page 81. Mountains,” in The Japan Times (February 4, 2001), www. .” In References japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle. Fukada Kyuøya’s Nihon Hyaku- “British Team Planning to Climb 100 pl5?nn20010204a8.html. meizan, page 424. Japanese Mountains.” The Japan Times (February 4, 2001), 6. For detailed information on 12. “ .” In Fukada Kyuøya’s www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ Fukada Kyuøya and the creation of Nihon Hyakumeizan, page 424. getarticle.pl5?nn20010204a8.html the book, see Tazawa Takuya’s (last accessed: June 25, 2004). Hyakumeizan no hito: Fukada 13. In Miyashita Keizoø ’s Nihon

38 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Fukada Kyuøya ( ). 1991. Roach, Gerry. 1999. Colorado’s Vaughn, Ginger. “The Hyakumeizan Nihon Hyakumeizan (Shinsøoban) Fourteeners: From Hikes to Challenge,” www.weekender.co. ( ). Tokyo: Climbs (second edition). Golden, jp/new/020816/mountaingirl- Shinchoøsha. Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing. 020816.html (last accessed: June 25, 2004). Hiking in Japan. Melbourne: Lonely Saitoø Kazuo ( ). 2001. Nihon Planet, 2001. no meizan o kangaeru Yamazaki Yasuji ( ). 1969. . Tokyo: Nihon tozanshi . Matsuo Bashoø ( ). 1978. Atene Shobo.ø Tokyo: Hakusuisha. “Oku no hosomichi .” In Shinchøo Shuøkan Nihon Hyakumeizan Yasukawa Shigeo ( ). 1969. Nihon koten shuøsei: Bashøo monjuø (50 issues total). Kindai Nihon tozanshi . Tokyo: Asahi Shimbunsha, 2001. . Tokyo: Akane Shobo. Tokyo: Shinchosha.ø Tazawa Takuya ( ). 2002. The author thanks Irith Bloom, Jeff Miyake Osamu ( ). 2003. Hyakumeizan no hito: Fukada Sanfacon, and Ben Tompkins for their Gendai Nihon meizan zue Kyuøya den editing contributions, and Hideki Ishii . Tokyo: Jitsugyoø no . Tokyo: TBS Britannica. for his layout contributions. Nihonsha. Vaughn, Ginger. “Hyakumeizan: An Miyashita Keizoø ( ). 1997. Introduction,” www.outdoorjapan. Nihon Arupusu: mitate no com/columns/hyakumeizan-1.html bunkashi (last accessed: June 25, 2004). . Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo.ø

Television is an international business where translation plays an extremely important role. Translating for Television: A Handbook in Screen Translation, by ATA member Jan Emil A Handbook in Screen Translation Tveit, provides a step-by-step guide to screen translation. Its main focus is on subtitling, but it also covers such topics as: Interested in television, translation, or maybe both? Subtitling step-by-step Dubbing/lip synchronization: the essential steps Screen translation strategies Translating television news Author Jan Emil Tveit has lectured on Translating television commercials screen translation at institutions like Translating metaphors New York University and The University How to operate a subtitling workstation of London. Condensation and subtitling readability Film features and screen translation Available from: Medium defined constraining factors JK Publishing How to design subtitles ISBN 82-997086-0-5 www.translatingfortv.com Author Jan Emil Tveit has lectured on screen translation at institutions like New York University and The University of London.

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 39 Certification Forum: Computerized Certification Exam (CCE)

By Gabe Bokor, chair, CCE Task Force

ne of the most frequently The CCE Task Force’s decisions 4. Special software, supplied on a asked questions about ATA’s took into account practical considera- CD, prevents access to any O Certification Program is: Why tions, exam security, and the nature of other application on the com- is the exam still being given in the old- the ATA certification exam. The puter during the exam. fashioned way on paper, despite the Certification Committee defines the fact that translators have been using exam as testing the "language skills" of 5. No software is installed on the computers for over a decade? The a professional translator: comprehen- computer (this was the require- reason lies in the complexity of sion of the source text, translation skills, ment of many sites where CCE ensuring the security that is essential and writing in the target language. In exams will be held). for the integrity of the program, while discussing the proposal, ATA Board at the same time ensuring the same test members recognized the distinction 6. Graders evaluate exams on- conditions for all candidates regardless between career skills (such as research screen using special Excel- of their language combination. Past skills) demonstrated in the marketplace based forms. Current grading attempts to computerize the certifica- and translation competence demon- standards and criteria will tion program have failed to surmount strated in a proctored test under con- remain the same. the technical difficulties in ensuring trolled conditions. In the CCE, as in the adequate security while providing a on-paper exam, candidates will not The system provider that has been simple, convenient, and fair exam. have access to the Internet, spell selected is ALTA Language Services, In October 2004, Certification Chair checkers, or electronic dictionaries. The based in Atlanta, Georgia, which has Lilian Van Vranken appointed Gabe question of allowing candidates to been providing computerized lan- Bokor to chair a task force with the print-and-proofread raised practicality guage exams to corporations, health- mandate to study the feasibility of a issues that remain under investigation. care organizations, and government computerized certification exam By April, the CCE Task Force agencies since 1996. Nevertheless, (CCE). A CCE Task Force consisting arrived at a consensus regarding the ALTA’s existing system had to be of (listed in alphabetical order) system to be used and the provider modified to meet ATA’s high security Verónica Albin, Carla DiFranco, who offered the best features at a rea- standards and the requirement of Cristina Márquez Arroyo, Alan Melby, sonable cost. The main features of the some potential hosts not to have any Tony Roder, and Jost Zetzsche was system selected are the following: software installed on their computers. formed immediately. Members of the ALTA will charge ATA a one-time Certification Committee joined the 1. The system is Web based, i.e., the setup fee and a yearly maintenance fee. CCE Task Force ex officio and partici- source text is presented to the At its April 22, 2005 meeting, pated in its discussions. candidate in an intuitive and user- ATA’s Board of Directors accepted Between November 2004 and friendly environment, and the the report submitted by the CCE April 2005, more than 900 messages finished translation is submitted Task Force and the Certification were exchanged within the CCE Task via the Web when the candidate Committee and agreed to fund the Force’s Yahoo! Group, and many clicks the Finish button. initial expenditure for the CCE. more privately between members and Computerized practice exams third parties. Questions discussed 2. The exam is held at third-party (which do not require the modification within the CCE Task Force included locations in a proctored envi- in ALTA’s software that is needed for whether to use computers owned by ronment. the actual exam) will start as soon as the the candidates, by ATA, or by third administrative details are settled parties, and whether to allow candi- 3. The computers at the testing between ATA Headquarters and ALTA. dates Internet access, spell checkers, venues are certified by the The full system will be field-tested and electronic dictionaries. Should selected exam provider prior to between the time ALTA’s modified soft- the source text be provided on paper the exams for compatibility ware is available (foreseeably in August or electronically? Should the transla- with the provider’s software, 2005) and the end of 2005. A demo is tion be submitted on paper or elec- the presence of the required planned for ATA’s Annual Conference tronically? Should candidates be able keyboards, and glitch-free to proof their translations on paper? transmission of the exam. Continued on p.61

40 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 ATA Certification Exam Information Attention Korean Upcoming Exams Language Translators and

All candidates applying for ATA certifi- exams should be made through ATA Interpreters! cation must provide proof that they meet Headquarters. All sittings have a maxi- the certification program eligibility mum capacity and admission is based on A special interest group has requirements. Please direct all inquiries the order in which registrations are regarding general certification informa- received. Forms are available from the been formed to explore the tion to ATA Headquarters at (703) 683- ATA website or from Headquarters. possibility of establishing a 6100. Registration for all certification Korean Language Division within the American Translators Association. If you are California New York Washington interested, please subscribe San Francisco New York City Seattle to the discussion listserv by September 3, 2005 September 17, 2005 November 12, 2005 sending an e-mail to Registration Deadline: Registration Deadline: Registration Deadline: ATA_KLD-subscribe@ August 19, 2005 September 2, 2005 October 28, 2005 yahoogroups.com.

Colorado Tennessee Wisconsin Note: You must be an ATA Denver Nashville Milwaukee member to belong to any of September 17, 2005 September 11, 2005 October 8, 2005 its divisions. Registration Deadline: Registration Deadline: Registration Deadline: September 2, 2005 August 26, 2005 September 23, 2005

Georgia Texas The Netherlands Atlanta Houston Utrecht August 6, 2005 August 6, 2005 September 10, 2005 Registration Deadline: Registration Deadline: Registration Deadline: ATA Members July 22, 2005 July 22, 2005 August 26, 2005 MasterCard

Michigan Utah Novi Salt Lake City MBNA America August 6, 2005 September 24, 2005 Reference Code: IFKV Registration Deadline: Registration deadline: July 22, 2005 September 9, 2005 800.847.7378 • 302.457.2165

New Certified Members Congratulations! The following people have successfully passed ATA’s certification exam.

English into German English into Portuguese English into Spanish Croatian into English Claudia Eggert Flavia da Rocha Spiegel Adriana Butureira Janja Pavetic-Dickey Kansas City, MO Hiawatha, KS Montevideo, Uruguay Lawrence, KS

Luciana Lavor Pedro O. Cano English into Japanese Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Brooklyn, NY Italian into English Junko Gilbert Lorraine Alexson Advance, NC Lila I. Del Cerro Wethersfield, CT Montevideo, Uruguay

Claudia M. Franco Montevideo, Uruguay

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 41 The Onionskin By Chris Durban

The Onionskin is a client education column launched by the ITI Bulletin (a publication of the U.K.’s Institute of Translation and Interpreting) in 1996. Comments and leads for future columns are very welcome; please include full contact details. Contact: [email protected] or fax +33 1 43 87 70 45.

Opportunity Knocks

rofessional translator Meanwhile, Back in Kyrgyzstan… laughed. needed” sums up this English being the international E for effort, then, for StyleDesign “P month’s column. Niggling… language of business, it was STUDIO, for whom a professional or promising business opportunities? A only natural that Kyrgyzstan-based translation of the roughly 250 words little of both, and a reminder to transla- StyleDesign STUDIO pitch its Web on its site would make a huge differ- tion buyers that you get what you pay for. design skills in the Queen’s English. ence in terms of image for potential Er, sort of. clients abroad. Turning Heads in Rome The company makes no claim to Let’s be clear: the issue here is not A tip from a Japanese reader expertise in communication beyond necessarily comprehension. A highly focused our radar on the Hotel Turner, a mastery of the nuts and bolts of motivated customer might well take which earned the Gambero Rosso website development and hosting. the time to unravel phrases like “in a Awards “Best Three Stars of Rome So it might seem uncharitable to complicated way visualize the best 2000.” Either standards have plummet- raise eyebrows at its own website’s facility of operative interaction with ed or it’s simply a language issue, says assertion that it specializes in “cor- clients and partners, than correct this frequent traveler, taken aback by porative sites, and many other designed and qualitative executed the hotel’s well-intentioned website. online-systems on mountain-high web-resource.” She might even slog Indeed. level” (www.s-d-s.com/eng/). through “And underrate the possibili- At www.hotelturner.com, the hotel The body copy lurches on: “But ty, which gives Internet already markets itself to Japanese-speaking in the same way we render the enour- today, amounting to refusal of use the visitors not as a three-star establish- mous spectrum of many services: most efficient instruments in hard ment but as a “3rd-rate hotel.” development of logotypes, designs, competitive fight.” The Japanese text continues: “We labels, branded forms, morning coats But most potential clients will simply did you a favor by building it in and a great deal another…” click past—it’s too much bother. Rome’s Centre,” using the Japanese Spelling glitches point to human And therein lies the moral for trans- word for center, meaning sports cen- error, not translation by computer lation buyers: If reaching international ter, not the downtown area of a city. software. customers is your aim, peculiar transla- “We did you a favour” appears to be The errors are all the more unfor- tions will do you and your business a a muddled attempt at rendering an tunate in that the projects featured on disservice. And if your texts are really honorific form in Japanese. the site cover an impressive range of bad, they may attract attention of an Whodunit? “It doesn’t look like sectors. StyleDesign STUDIO’s rates altogether different sort, including a machine translation to me,” notes also seem to make them look like an posting in the joke section of office bul- Japanese-to-English translator Ben attractive offshore option. letin boards and egroups. Jones, who initially speculated that it But will foreign clients nibble? It For texts the length of SDS’s, we might be a student from Japan—“a seems unlikely. For to dine at the inter- are convinced that the problem is not particularly illiterate one.” national table you need credibility, and budget, but buyers’ lack of awareness Yet on reflection, an Italian student the English-speakers we ran SDS’s of basic best practice. of Japanese seems more likely, says copy past were not impressed. Whence our reminder (and we Jones. “I’ll send my business anywhere in hope someone will translate this into In which case, the offender’s the world if the service is good and the Kyrgyz): friends of friends with classmates may have produced the price is right,” a small business owner make-do oral skills are not a good bet bumpy German, French, Spanish, in Canada told us, then added, “We do for written translations. Nor is the Russian, and English versions also need a website, but I’m not sure these nephew who spent a summer abroad. displayed on the site. people would understand what we Real translators work into their native When we phoned to find out, the pro- want.” Himself a casual dresser, even language. And proofreading really is prietor had no comment. And although the prospect of a cut-price morning important—by a literate native the site was removed briefly after our first coat did not tip the balance. contact, it is now back online. Enjoy. An Australian businessman simply Continued on p.59

42 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Dictionary Reviews Compiled by Boris Silversteyn

Silversteyn is chair of the ATA Dictionary Review Committee.

Stedman’s Illustrated Dictionary of A Dictionary of Dermatologic Terms essays, humor, and poetry, he has Dermatology Eponyms (1992), Mallory’s An Illustrated received numerous awards and prizes Authors: Dictionary of Dermatologic Syndromes for his work. He enjoys playing bas- Benjamin Barankin, Andrei I. Metelitsa, (1994), and Goeltzenleuchter’s ketball and tennis, going to the and Andrew N. Lin Dorland’s Dermatology Word Book movies, and playing with techno Publisher: (2002). In all fairness to these earlier gadgets. He also loves to travel and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and less focused dictionaries, and as a learn new skills and languages. Date of publication: challenge to the newly-issued IDDE,I Russian-born Andrei Metelitsa 2005 opted to make my strongest compar- received his Bachelor of Medical Size: ison primarily with online sources on Science and M.D. degrees from the Paperback, 412 pages medical eponyms. According to University of Alberta, and is presently Number of entries: Benjamin Barankin, the IDDE was a dermatology resident in Edmonton, Over 1,000 three years in the making, and, in spite Alberta, Canada. Over the past four ISBN: of it being a paper publication, the rel- years, he has also been involved in 0-7817-4547-0 evance and actuality of its content clinical and basic science research Price: favorably compares to Internet data- projects that included the study of $42.95 bases that are regularly updated (a melanoma and squamous cell carci- Available from: number of these sites are restricted). noma. He is the recipient of All major e-booksellers Now that Barankin, Metelitsa, and Lin numerous awards and scholarships. In Specialty/field: have done the work for us of com- his spare time, he enjoys downhill Medicine/Dermatology piling this unrestricted corpus of the skiing and tennis. Type of work: hardest terminology in dermatology Hong Kong-born Andrew Lin Illustrated dictionary (eponyms and acronyms) between two obtained his M.D. from the University Language: covers for quick, comprehensive, and of British Columbia in Vancouver, English easy reference, conducting additional Canada, and completed dermatology research in dermatology terminology residency training at McGill Reviewed by: has been simplified. For medical trans- University. He then became a research Verónica Albin lators, this book is not only informa- associate, and then assistant professor tive, but a time-saver as well. As a at The Rockefeller University, New Overall evaluation: coda, I have included a brief interview York, where he studied the rare genetic n exemplary work, Stedman’s with Benjamin Barankin. disease epidermolysis bullosa. He is an Illustrated Dictionary of associate professor of dermatology at ADermatology Eponyms (IDDE)is About the authors: the University of Alberta, Canada. well organized, easy to use, exhaustive, Born in Kishinev, Moldova, up-to-date, and rigorously researched Benjamin Barankin grew up in Appendix A: and cross-referenced. Because of its Toronto, Canada. He received a B.A. Dermatology Acronyms and excellent cross referencing, the dic- in psychology from Queen’s Abbreviations tionary is also a fabulous launching pad University, and an M.D. from The Number of entries: Approximately for doing in-depth research. Further- University of Western Ontario medical 1,450 (34 pages, 2 columns) more, its appendix on acronyms and school. He is currently completing a This is the most comprehensive com- abbreviations is unparalleled. dermatology residency in Edmonton, pilation of dermatology acronyms and Alberta, Canada. He has a strong abbreviations in print and online. Reviewer’s note: interest in medical education, physi- In writing this review, I compared cian well-being, and medical history. Appendix B: the IDDE to comprehensive general An avid writer with more than 100 Nationalities medical dictionaries and to other der- publications related to dermatology, Names are listed under the country of matology dictionaries, such as Carter’s the history of medicine, reflective birth (parenthetical information ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 43 Dictionary Reviews Continued

is given if the individual completed the IDDE can be viewed. Filler terms: work in a different country). Eponymic terms that have no clear Listing of entries: skin/dermatologic manifestations have Number of countries: 49 Entries are in bold and capital letters, been carefully screened out. I found no I found a few discrepancies regarding and are listed alphabetically filler terms that are often listed in other nationality. The case of Nadia Sakati according to the last name of the dermatology lexicons, such as serves as a good example. The IDDE person who is given eponymous Zellweger syndrome, Bollinger body, indicates that she is a Saudi pediatri- credit. When more than one person and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. cian, whereas whonamedit.com and has the same last name, they are other sources have her as an American ranked alphabetically according to Spelling: pediatrician. Due to the ease of first names. Kinship, if any, is Conventions: 1) To avoid confusion mobility today, it is practically impos- described parenthetically. Disease about names ending in “s,” the posses- sible to keep track of who has become names and their synonyms are alpha- sive form, with “’s” in all eponyms, was what and where, so this should in no betized letter-by-letter, as spelled out, eliminated in this work. 2) Single last way detract from the overall quality of not word-for-word, disregarding vari- names are linked with a hyphen (e.g., the dictionary. On the other hand, the ables such as hyphens and spaces. For Parry-Romberg syndrome). In the case IDDE is especially accurate regarding example: Solomon-Fretzin-Dewald of hyphenated last names, the word historical entries. For example, for syndrome; Solomon syndrome. “and” has been used for linkage (e.g., Nikolay Ivanovich Andogsky, the Papillon-Léage and Psaume syndrome). IDDE correctly lists him as Russian, Convenience of look-up: whereas whonamedit.com has him as Cross referencing is rigorous and Typographical errors: German, but also possibly Russian. user-friendly. For compilers of medical dictionaries, Thanks to the entry in the IDDE (its but especially of eponymic and ono- information was corroborated and Pronunciation guide: mastic medical lexicons, typos are a slightly expanded by research done in Not available. This book includes serious concern. In these works, med- Russian by ATA member Boris proper names from 49 countries where ical spell checkers are limited in scope. Silversteyn), the correct data for a considerable number of languages are Regular spell checkers are not only Andogskiy has been forwarded to spoken. Given that the pronunciation of useless, but also dangerous due to their whonamedit.com (and as of this proper names is often idiosyncratic propensity for changing some proper writing, the changes have been incor- even when we know a language well, names into nouns of approximate porated). The dictionary also the use of the phonetic alphabet in the spelling. The IDDE is impressively impressed me because of its listing of IDDE would have been advisable. It clean. Although there may be others, I eponymous individuals by nationality. would be most useful not only to physi- found just one typo (erytheromelalgia) As far as I can tell, this has not been cians, who now customarily dictate in the subentry for Mitchell syndrome. done previously in dermatology. reports, but also to medical interpreters, transcriptionists, and voice talents. I Translation versus name in the Illustrations: would like to see entries in the phonetic source language: Color: 34 syndromes; 39 other alphabet in the appendix of future edi- I ran names in Western languages I do pathologies (16 pages). tions of this dictionary, or, even better, not speak through colleagues, mostly to B&W: 37 persons are given epony- have it enhanced by an audio CD. check for accuracy of spelling and dia- mous credit. critics. Under Hungary in Appendix B, In addition, Barankin has made signif- Encyclopedic information: for example, there is an entry for icant contributions to the Derma- Information boxes showcase espe- Nékám, Louis A. I learned that Louis is tology Image Atlas (free at cially important aspects of a person’s Lajos in Hungarian. Googling “Nékám http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm), life, and clarify or rectify information Lajos A.” gave hits only in Hungarian, where many more photographs of the published in other sources. but entering “Lajos Nékám” gave me a diseases and syndromes included in few additional sites in English that

44 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 added information to the “Louis” sites. in common usage, and so we did not you are well suited to write such a Having names in the source language illustrate them. Also, obtaining photos dictionary? (as long as the person given eponymous can be difficult and quite costly, and credit used them) helps research. I some of the rare entities have not been BB: One of the unique and relevant would recommend, where possible, photographed. Finally, the book was features of this book is that it has been having given names in the source lan- limited to a 16-page insert for color compiled by polyglot medical doctors. guage/target language in future editions. photography, although we hope to Although we do not yet consider our- expand this in future editions. selves expert lexicographers, we have Transliteration: learned a great deal about lexicog- I found a few inconsistencies of minor VA : Why include photos of certain raphy in these three years of research, importance in the transliteration from researchers and not others? and our years of medical training the Cyrillic alphabet. It would have enable us to provide useful and rele- been nice to see all eponyms, not just BB: Again, we tried to have photos of vant definitions of medical entities, a few (e.g., Nikolskiy/Nikolskii) those who have contributed the most commonly used acronyms and abbre- transliterated using both the Library to our specialty: those who have mul- viations, as well as to determine which of Congress and Foreign tiple eponyms named after them; individuals, diseases, etc., are more Broadcasting Information Service those that revolutionized the field; worthy of photographs and vignettes (FBIS) systems—if not in the corpus, those whose eponyms we use every in terms of interest to our readership. at least in the appendix—to assist in day (rather than historically); and, conducting further research. In the ultimately, those whose photos we VA : Did you find the Internet a useful case of eponyms transliterated from could obtain (very hard to do for some resource? Arabic or Asian languages, I am of the more obscure people). unable to judge or comment on BB: We found the Internet very useful, whether more than one system should VA : Why eliminate the possessives and used Google and PubMed exten- be provided. However, I was able to and respect native diacritics? sively, among several other important locate these names on the Internet websites. When we first discovered with the orthography provided. BB: We figured that this was becoming whonamedit.com, we thought our lives the new standard for naming. A while would be made much easier. Diacritics: back I wrote a paper on Down syn- Unfortunately, we found numerous With a few exceptions, source-lan- drome, and I ran across papers men- problems with its dermatology-related guage diacritics have been largely tioning that it shouldn’t be a possessive entries. First off, a good number of preserved and are used consistently (Down’s) since it is not “his disease.” entries are missing from the site (e.g., and accurately throughout the lexicon. Bass syndrome; Verocay body). In The use of diacritics in main entries VA : Why a paper corpus? addition, the descriptions are frequently (in capital letters) is less consistent. not written for the dermatologist/physi- BB: Eventually we may have a per- cian, and there is confusion in regards A Brief Interview with Ben Barankin sonal desktop assistant version or to dates of birth/death, spellings, and VA : Regarding the color illustrations, make a CD available. For now, we relationships. Every entry in our book why did you choose to illustrate these wanted a product in the most stan- was verified using multiple sources, syndromes and diseases in particular? dard, typical presentation. It is the and in many cases multiple media most exhaustive book of its kind ever (books, journals, the Internet). BB: Pictures were chosen for a variety produced. For scientific credibility, a of reasons, but mainly to show inter- book still outshines CD and online VA : About decisions regarding esting and rare disease pictures as versions. Doctors, in particular, still transliteration from the Cyrillic. As well as some more common ones. love to flip through books. far as I know, there are three sys- Although the book contains over tems for transliterating Russian into 1,000 eponyms, many of these are not VA : As physicians, do you feel that English: Library of Congress, ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 45 Dictionary Reviews Continued

International Phonetic Alphabet, and Price: FBIS. For some Russian names you Verónica Albin is a freelance medical €85.00 / $93.50 used only one system, and for others translator and senior lecturer in Spanish Languages: you used two (I found this absolutely and translation at the Center for the Study English of Languages at Rice University in wonderful), but you did not use all Houston, Texas, where she teaches Number of pages: three variants for any of them (this translation, cross-cultural communication, 240 would have been a blessing). and medical Spanish. She is an ATA- Available from: certified (English↔Spanish) translator. Elsevier B.V. BB: We transliterated Russian names Contact: [email protected]. www.elsevier.com (and less so, words) based on the most Europe, Middle East, & Africa: common spelling in the English-lan- Linacre House, Jordan Hill guage literature and how they have Elsevier’s Dictionary of Reptiles Oxford OX2 8DP, U.K. been used/recorded. The “proper” Author: U.S. & Canada: way doesn’t matter if most people Murray Wrobel 11830 Westline Industrial Drive spell it a different way. We wanted it ISBN: St. Louis, MO 63146 to be practical and usable, not neces- 0-444-51499-6 sarily “perfectly correct.” Publisher: Reviewed by: Elsevier Jacopo Màdaro Other books by Benjamin Barankin: Publication date: Barankin, Benjamin, and A. Freiman. 2004 ithin a few months of each 2005 (forthcoming). DermNotes. Price: other, Elsevier has pub- FA Davis. €150 / $165 W lished two impressive vol- Languages: umes, further enhancing its primacy. Barankin, Benjamin. 2004. Latin, English, French, German, and Italian First, Murray Wrobel’s latest. Dermographies: Autobiographies Number of pages: Quoting www.elsevier.com and the in Dermatology, Volume I. 758 promotional leaflet, Elsevier’s Lockeport, Nova Scotia: Available from: Dictionary of Reptiles covers the Community Books. Elsevier B.V. “names of orders, families, genera, www.elsevier.com and species of reptiles of the world.” Barankin, Benjamin, and L. Guenther. Europe, Middle East, & Africa: Considering that there are 8,240 2003. Diagnostic Criteria in Linacre House, Jordan Hill species of reptiles, from worm lizards Dermatology. Lockeport, Nova Oxford OX2 8DP, U.K. to turtles1, Wrobel’s 8,826 lemmata Scotia: Community Books. U.S. & Canada: seem to translate into a really exhaus- 11830 Westline Industrial Drive tive recueil. Other books by Andrew Lin: St. Louis, MO 63146 As a substance test, I turned to an Lin, Andrew, and S.A. Paget (eds). old quest and went hunting for 2002. Principles of Corticosteroid Elsevier’s Dictionary of dragons. Not the mythical ones, but Therapy. London: Arnold. Herpetological and Related the family Agamidae (subfamily: Terminology Agaminae; genus: Draco), the insecti- Lin Andrew, and D.M. Carter (eds). Author: vore flying dragons of Southeast Asia. 1992. Epidermolysis Bullosa: David C. Wareham The most up-to-date listing, com- Basic and Clinical Aspects. New ISBN: piled by McGuire and Heang in 2001, York: Springer-Verlag. 0-444-51863-0 included 33 species. Wrobel achieves Publisher: a sound 20/33 (60%). D. quadrasi, Elsevier palawanensis, and mindanensis may Publication date: be absent, but every flying dragon of 2005 consequence is listed, from D. ➡

46 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Table 1

Species (McGuire et al.) Omne-vivum Wrobel

D. affinis Latin only Bartlett’s Flying Dragon D. baccarii –– –– D. biaro Latin only Lazell’s Flying Dragon D. bimaculatus Two-spotted Flying Lizard –– D. blanfordii Blanford’s Flying Lizard Blanford’s (Flying) Dragon D. caerulhians Latin only –– D. cornutus Latin only –– D. cristatellus Latin only –– D. cyanopterus Latin only –– D. dussumieri –– Indian Flying Dragon + 5 different regional variations D. everetti [Omne-Vivum only] Everette’s Flying Lizard –– D. fimbriatus Orange-throated Flying Lizard Fringed Flying Dragon D. formosus [Wrobel only] –– Formosa Flying Dragon D. guntheri Günther’s Flying Lizard –– D. haematopogon Red-bearded Flying Lizard Red-barbed (Flying) Dragon D. indochinensis –– –– D. jareckii Latin only Jarechi’s Flying Dragon D. lineatus Latin only Lined Flying Dragon D. maculatus Orange-winged Flying Lizard Spotty/Spotted Flying Dragon D. maximus Giant Flying Dragon Great Flying Dragon D. melanopogon Black-bearded Flying Lizard Black-barbed (Flying) Dragon D. mindanensis Mindanao Flying Lizard –– D. norvillii –– Alcock’s Flying Dragon D. obscurus Malayan Flying Lizard Veiled Flying Dragon D. ornatus White-spotted Flying Lizard –– D. palawanensis Latin only –– D. quadrasi Quadras’ Flying Lizard –– D. quinquefasciatus Five-spotted Flying Lizard Five-lined Flying Dragon D. reticulatus Reticulated Flying Lizard –– D. rizali [Omne-Vivum only] Riza’s Flying Lizard –– D. spilopterus Common Flying Lizard Philippine Flying Dragon D. sumatranus –– –– D. taeniopterus Banded-winged Flying Lizard (Thai) Flying Dragon/Lizard D. timorense –– –– D. volans French + German only Common Flying Dragon

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 47 Dictionary Reviews Continued

Table 2

Latin Name Italian Name English Name Wrobel

Acanthophis antarcticus vipera della morte common death adder ✓ Italian + English Crotalus adamanteus crotalo diamantino Eastern diamondback rattlesnake ✓ Italian + English Crotalus viridis crotalo verde Western rattlesnake, prairie ✓ Italian + English rattlesnake also: crotalo del Pacifico Elaphe guttata serpente del grano corn snake, red ratsnake ✓ Italian + English also: elafe scarlatta Oxyuranus microlepidotus taipan inland taipan ✓ Italian + English also: taipan australiano Oxyuranus scutellatus taipan - serpente bruno brown taipan - coastal taipan ✓ Italian + English australiano Thamnophis hammondii serpente giarrettiera garter snake - ribbon snake ✓ Italian + English

maximus, the great flying dragon must recognize that one of the best In order to properly follow the (eight inches long!), to D. tae- Italian sites in the field, www.serpenti.it, dialectal approach, the entries should niopterus, or Thai flying dragon, a doesn’t do much better. It offers 543 be labeled according to the region most refined mini-glider with a two- names of species in both Latin and and/or the linguistic group (exactly inch wingspan. English, but only 7 Italian equivalents. as Wrobel does for English and Taking advantage of a great zoolog- Specifically, see Table 2. French variants), and the assemblage ical website, www.omne-vivum.com, If we verify the most common Italian should be methodical. While I and its extensive English database, I snakes, Wrobel does even better, as enjoyed finding Bergamo’s bèssa as obtained the information in Table 1 (see indicated in Table 3 on page 49. one variant of the feisty Natrix page 47). Relevance is the key here and else- natrix, or European grass snake, I Looking at the pairing choices for where. There isn’t one major poi- cannot justify the exclusion of the dragons, not all languages were cre- sonous and nonvenomous snake, Venetian bixa, the Milanese bissòn, ated equal. Wrobel offers 9 German lizard, croc, or turtle that doesn’t have and the Campidanese tzerpi. translations out of 20 Latin head- its Italian (often multiple) appella- This minor methodological flaw is words, 10 French renditions, but not a tions. With a perfect Zen shift, this typified by three of the many Italian single drago volante. strength is also the dictionary’s only names of the once common swamp This distribution is extreme, but minor weakness. turtle: galana d’acqua, tartuca with less than 800 pairings, Italian is As I had suspected during my review stizziata, and tartuca do sciumi. somewhat underrepresented, com- of Wrobel’s previous work, Elsevier’s The first, although not Italian, is of pared to about 2,800 names in Dictionary of Amphibians, no distinc- unknown and perhaps unknowable German and about 2,500 in French. tion is made between the Italian lan- origin, and the latter two seem to Before decrying the neglect of the guage and Italian koiné. For example, I belong to the Central-Western only language capable of producing cannot say why the Sicilian Vèpra is Sicilian group (“sciume” means river the immortal “La liscia biscia sul- offered together with the Calabrese in and around Enna, and “stizziato” l’erba striscia ed indi poscia essendo Vipre as Italian names for the vipera means spotted in Trapani and else- moscia alza la coscia e piscia,”2 we comune, the shy Viper aspis. where). Alas, if this is the case, ➡

48 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Table 3

Latin Name Italian Name English Name Wrobel

Coluber gemonensis colubro dei Balcani Balkans snake –– Coluber hippocrepis colubro ferro di cavallo horseshoe snake ✓ Italian + English also: colubro sardo Coluber viridiflavus biacco dark green snake ✓ Italian + English also: 6 other Italian variations Coronella austriaca colubro liscio smooth snake ✓ Italian + English also: colubro austriaco Coronella girondica colubro di Riccioli Southern smooth snake ✓ Italian + English also: 4 other Italian variations Elaphe longissima saettone, colubro Aesculapian snake ✓ Italian + English d’Esculapio also: 4 other Italian variations Elaphe quatuorlineata cervone four-lined snake ✓ Italian + English also: 3 other English variations Elaphe situla colubro leopardino leopard snake ✓ Italian + English also: 3 other English variations Macroprotodon colubro dal cappuccio false smooth snake ✓ Italian + English cucullatus also: colubro cucullato Malpolon colubro lacertino Montpellier snake ✓ Italian + English monspessulanus also: colubro di Montpellier Natrix maura biscia viperina viperine snake ✓ Italian + English also: biscia viperina Natrix natrix biscia dal collare European grass snake ✓ Italian + English also: 8 other Italian + 3 English variations Natrix tessellata biscia tassellata tessellated grass snake ✓ Italian + English also: 2 other Italian + 3 English variations Telescopus fallax serpente gatto cat snake ✓ Italian + English also: 4 other Italian + 3 English variations Vipera ammodytes vipera dal corno horned viper ✓ Italian + English also: vipera ammodite and 5 other English variations Vipera aspis vipera comune aspic viper ✓ Italian + English + 4 other variations Vipera berus marasso adder ✓ Italian + English also: marasso palustre + 7 other English variations Vipera ursinii vipera orsini field adder ✓ Italian + English also: meadow viper

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 49 Dictionary Reviews Continued

then the partitive must be “du” has produced another finely crafted little information, we know from the instead of “do.” opera mirabilis. start that David C. Wareham, author Still, this is the only typo I found of Elsevier’s Dictionary of Herpeto- in the whole book, and even the logical and Related Terminology and Italian issue is a mere peccadillo. In While a long search into Murray the former curator of the Cannon reality and by all accounts, Wrobel Wrobel’s background produced very Aquarium and Vivarium at the

Table 4

English Italian Wareham

abduct/adduct (to) abdurre/addurre ✗ only abductor muscle autotomy autotomia ✓ + autotomy plane, breakage plane bridge [between carapace and plastron] ponte [tra carapace e piastrone] ✓ brumation brumazione ✓ camouflage colorazione criptica ✓ + crypsis, cryptic coloration, disruptive coloration, disruptive outline coana choana ✓ diapause diapausa ✓ dorsolateral ridge striscia dorsolaterale ✓ + dorsolateral fold ecdysis muta ✓ + the anthonym endysis epididymis epididimo ✓ flipper natatoia ✓ frill cresta, collare ✓ intercalary cartilage cartilagine intercalare ✓ + intercalary replacement keeled scales scaglie carenate ✗ only keel, but with a lengthy definition encompassing all variants patagium patagio ✓ + patagial rib pentadactyl pentadattilo ✓ + pentadactyl limb phycophagous ficofago ✓ toadlet rospetto ✓ Unkenreflex same, riflesso ululone ✓ Anglicized as unken reflex vasoactive vasoattivo ✗ only vasodilator and vasopressor xeric xerico ✓ + xeric pattern yolk vitello ✓ + vitellogenesis, vitellogenic activity, vitellogenin

50 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Manchester University Museum, is the www.arbec.com, www.uromastix.it, the same family or not. I am just quintessential breeder. and www. cortland.edu. glad to live on the opposite side of This Elsevier’s monolingual gem, Randomly skipping along, see the planet from both clades. based on a previous work, Reptile and Table 4 (page 50). Three misses out of Amphibian Keepers Dictionary 22 lemmata equal 86% overlap. If this 2. The smooth snake slithers on the (Blandford Press: 1993), roams the weren’t remarkable enough, consider grass and thereafter, being floppy, whole field of herpetology. Please page after page of surprises, both lifts its haunch and pees [sic!]. ignore the promotional leaflet and its delightful and sinister: froggery,a gloomy stated audience of “amateur gathering of frogs; rhumba,a gath- hobbyists faced with…intimidating sci- ering of rattlesnakes; meristic, of or Jacopo Màdaro Moro is a technical entific terms” and “trained zoologists relating to countable structures of an translator into Italian. He specializes in who may sometimes have doubts over organism; quincunx, a group of five medicine, bioengineering, and optoelec- tronics. Contact: [email protected] or the exact meaning of a particular term.” objects arranged in a rectangle or www.jmadaro.com. (Short of politicians, do you know any square, with one object at each of the other professional hobbyists? How well four corners and a fifth in the center; trained is a zoologist who does not jubal, or the scales behind the head of Harrap’s Business Dictionary, know his or her own jargon?). Instead, the Eumece skink; jugal, or the scales English-Spanish, Spanish-English go straight to the book and marvel. below the crocodile’s eyes; fuzzy,a Author: The dictionary covers external newborn mouse or rat that has just Teresa Alvarez features of reptiles and amphibians, started to grow its fur; and pinky,a Publisher: herpetological families, selected newborn mouse or rat that has yet to Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd. bibliographies, biological processes, grow its fur. Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K. herpetological jargon and acronyms, There are 51 entries dedicated to Publication date: and a bevy of anatomical, ecological, practitioners of note. It is a true her- 2004 toxicological, veterinarian, and animal petological Ghota, covering a span of Number of Pages: behavioral terms, with a grand total of three centuries, from Linnaeus to 309 Spanish-English; 224 English- over 3,100 headwords and definitions, Albert and Anna Wright. The very Spanish. Also: 65 supplemental pages all carefully cross-referenced. best and brightest in the field are to English-Spanish section; 36 supple- Pending the reprint of Harvey B. introduced with a touch so genteel it mental pages to Spanish-English sec- Lillywhite’s Dictionary of Herpe- borders on reverence. I had to smile tion; and 14 pages of sources for the tology, expected from Krieger reading the entry about George Jan, a English and Spanish quotes from cur- Publishing Company in early 2006, relatively famous Italian zoologist rent periodicals giving examples of and deprived of the 1964 seminal who co-founded the Natural History usage shown in boxes in the reference work with the same title by James A. Museum of Milan in 1838 and served section. Peters, I tried to put in context as its first director. Giorgio, born ISBNs: Wareham’s true achievement using Georg some two centuries ago, 0245 607234 (U.K.) the following references: S. wouldn’t have minded the French 84-8332-519-5 (Spain) Brandolin Caraffa’s (ed.) Dizionario twist. On the contrary, he would have 970-22-1020-8 (Mexico) di Zoologia (published in Milan by been the first to herald this dictionary Price: Rizzoli in 1987); the equally trusted and its author. £14.99 R.S. Hine/M.C. Fontana’s (eds.) Available from: Enciclopedia Oxford di Veterinaria; Notes www.chambersharrap.co.uk Muzzio’s 1992 Italian version of 1. I am not entering into the diatribe Specialty Field: Oxford’s Concise Veterinary Diction- over Elapidae and Hydrophiidae Business ary; plus a few relevant websites, that is currently raging among her- such as www.kingsnake.com/ petologists. I do not care whether Reviewed by: toxinology, www.embl-heidelberg.de, death adders and sea snakes are in Miriam L. Eldridge ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 51 Dictionary Reviews Continued

would rate this dictionary as very “underemployment,” the Spanish word ¥ Talonario is included, but not libro good, verging on excellent. It has given is subempleo, while subocu- talonario (counterfoil book). This I many welcome features that I pación, which I have found in current dictionary seems to equate the term haven’t found in other dictionaries. Argentine newspaper and magazine with “checkbook,” which usually An effort, mainly successful, has articles, is not. refers to an individual’s check- been made to address terms that are I did not find any filler words. book, while a counterfoil book is part of our current high-tech world. Every entry seems to be justified in one maintained by a business. The book has a sturdy, hard cover. the context of business usage. As for ¥ Under firma, firma por reproduc- The paper is of good quality, and the missing terms: ción mecánica (facsimile signa- text is easy to read. Primary entries ture) is omitted, in spite of such are in boldface and definitions in a ¥ LGSM:(Mexico, Ley general de other phrases as firma electrónica normal typeface, which makes for sociedades mercantiles) and firma digital. easy scanning. Its readability is better ¥ LGS:(Peruvian equivalent= Ley ¥ Prima de emisión is given as than I have experienced with other general de sociedades) “share premium, issue premium.” foreign-language dictionaries in my ¥ MBCA:(Model Business Corpor- Specifically, it is “additional paid- possession. ation Act) Ð not found in the in capital.” That useful definition is One feature that I especially appre- English-Spanish portion omitted. ciate is the extensive inclusion of ¥ S.A.:(Sociedad Anónima) Ð Many ¥ Acciones rescatables (callable or acronyms and abbreviations in their translators are puzzled about how redeemable shares) is omitted even proper alphabetical places in the main to translate this. A suggested useful though there are many other phrases reference section, in addition to those solution is to specify the country: under acciones. found in the appendices. I have found “a Mexican corporation,”“a ¥ Dividendos pasivos (capital calls) these to be lacking in most other for- Venezuelan corporation” (I owe is omitted from the long list of eign-language dictionaries, and their this solution to Tom West). phrases under dividendos. In the absence requires time spent on the ¥ S.A. de C.V.: (Variable capital cor- entry for pasivo, that word is Internet Googling. poration) Ð not found. There is no treated only as a noun. This dictionary does not contain any such thing in English or American ¥ Tanteo (right of first refusal) is pronunciation guides. Grammatical law. A Google search brought up omitted. Under tanto, this is omit- notes give parts of speech (and gender, many instances of the term in both ted as the Mexican equivalent of in the case of Spanish). There are also Spain and Mexico, so it should be tanteo. some clarifications between U.K. and included and explained. ¥ Amortización de acciones North/South/Central American usage. ¥ Desmaterialización is defined sim- (redemption of shares) is not In general, however, the work may be ply as “dematerialization.” The def- shown under amortización. In the said to be Eurocentric, favoring inition should be expanded to English-Spanish section, “redemp- Peninsular Spanish and British English. explain that it is “conversion of cer- tion of shares” is defined as This is especially noticeable in the tificated shares into book entry rescate. In the Spanish-English Appendix Guía de comunicación en shares.”“Dematerialization” in section, rescate (de acciones) is inglés. For example, even in the main English is defined as the move from defined as “redemption.” body of the dictionary, no definition is physical certificates to electronic given for the A5 paper size (the usual bookkeeping. Actual stock certifi- Two appendices, one each in U.S. standard), but one is provided for cates are slowly being removed and Spanish and English, serve as “Guides A3 and A4. Also, the widespread use in retired from circulation in exchange to Communication” in the respective Argentine Spanish of valor to mean for electronic recording. Outside languages, covering such topics as “price,” where most other Spanish- this narrow business terminology business correspondence (with model speaking countries use precio, is not use, it seems to have purely physical letters), sample dialogues in business signaled in the otherwise extensive list explanations, so it should be more meetings (in the Spanish-English sec- of definitions for valor. Also, for fully explained in terms of business. tion only), resumes, faxes, e-mail,

52 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 telephone phrases, and abbreviations general, especially in terms of the WordFinder Professional 8 Software and acronyms. These appear to be two-character postal abbreviations with Collins German-English useful, correct, and up-to-date. The used in the U.S., and soubriquets for English-German Dictionary (4th netiqueta instructions, in particular, the various states. However, edition) on CD-ROM are spot on, as the British might say. “Downeasters” for people who live in Publisher: These appendices are definitely a use- Maine? This is old-fashioned. Lately, WordFinder Software International AB, ful addition to the dictionary. they are “Mainers,” having rejected Växjö, Sweden. I found no typos in the main refer- the joking designation of “Mainiacs.” Publication date: ence section of the dictionary. These popular state designations need 2004 However, typos are fairly frequent in to be backed up by additional refer- Price: the appendices (e.g., partcipantes on ences. $328 ($275 for the product and $53 for page 34 of “Reuniones en ingles”; In the list of sources of citations for shipping to the U.S.). Value added tax durnate for durante in the same para- the usage examples in both languages, may apply to purchases from some coun- graph; also los os asientos. They may a sweep over them seems to confirm tries. Prices as of February 11, 2005, have been a hasty addition or not as that U.K. and Peninsular Spanish cita- when purchased from the publisher. carefully edited as the main reference tions are about 35% in each case. This Discounts available for multiple copies. body. does not seem to address the vastly Available from: The appendices feature boxes con- greater proportion of users in the www.wordfinder.com taining hypothetical dialogues. These Western Hemisphere. Platforms supported: are undoubtedly useful, but in the case There were no citations from Windows:95/98/NT/2000/XP; of the telephone phrases, if one is Puerto Rico that I could find. Puerto Macintosh: System OS 7 through 9 for speaking extemporaneously on the Rico, of course, is heavily dependent WordFinder version 6; System X phone, one would have to be quick to on the U.S. as far as business termi- Panther (10.3) for WordFinder 8 find the right sentence. No doubt, read- nology goes, most of their business Hardware requirements: ing ahead and crib notes would useful. laws being bald copies of Delaware Windows: Pentium or equivalent proces- The advice on pronouncing phone laws (e.g., their Ley general de corpo- sor, 8 MB of free hard disk space for pro- numbers in English (“20095=two zero raciones). Perhaps they are not con- gram and approximately 5-20 MB free double nine five [U.S.]”) is not accu- sidered true members of the Spanish- space for each dictionary, CD-ROM drive, rate. We’d say “two zero nine nine speaking business world. VGA or better monitor, mouse. five.” The “zero double” represents Overall, I think this dictionary is an Macintosh: If your hardware can run the British usage. admirable and mostly successful specified OS, then it should be able to run The “Trabajar con un intérprete” effort to cover business usage among WordFinder. section is really about interpreters a vast expanse of Spanish speakers, User interface language of search (not translators!), and the advice it and to make it as up-to-date as possi- software: contains is useful and sound. A pro- ble. As dictionaries are said to be English (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, fessional interpreter would have to obsolete as soon as they are pub- German, Norwegian, Spanish, or judge whether it is not only necessary, lished, this one, like all others, should Swedish). Can be changed without but sufficient. be supplemented by online searches. restarting the program. There are lists of “Países del Documentation: mundo” and “Nations of the World.” I Miriam Eldridge has a doctorate in Printed Quick Start guide and PDF can’t vouch for the accuracy of every Spanish language and literature. She is manual in the language specified dur- bit of information, but “The Gambia” an ATA-certified (Finnish→English and ing installation. as nombre inglés for Gambia? Not like- Italian→English) freelance translator, Number of CD-ROMs: ly. Are we again seeing a U.K. bias? with some 15 years of experience in 1 (required for installation only, not for translating into English from French, Divisiones administrativos: For Spanish, and Portuguese. In addition, using the product). translators in either direction, this she was a software technical writer in would seem to be very useful in California’s Silicon Valley for 10 years. Reviewed by: ➡ Contact: [email protected]. Thomas Hedden

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 53 Dictionary Reviews Continued

Graphic 1 into or out of the Scandinavian languages, not English; however, WordFinder Software is hoping to make French-English and Italian- English dictionaries available before the end of this year.) It is possible to purchase both directions or one direction separately. For the purposes of this review, I am using the Collins German-English English-German Dictionary (fourth edition). However, the review concentrates on the WordFinder software and on the computerized format of the dictionary rather than the contents of the dictionary, which are already well known to German-English and English- German translators. All my experience Graphic 2 reported below was with WordFinder on the Windows 2000 platform. This product is not just a CD-ROM that includes both the WordFinder software and a dictionary. WordFinder can also be used as a terminology management system to create and maintain one’s own dictionaries (see below). Most people will probably use it as a CD-ROM dictionary, so first I will discuss how it is used in this way. The dictionary is launched like any other software program. It can be used as a typical stand-alone lookup program, by typing or pasting a source word into a text box. If both directions of a language combination are purchased, it is possible to switch between them on the fly by clicking on the flags icon appearing in the upper right of the screen. When WordFinder is used in this way, it does not differ greatly from other CD-ROM dictionaries. However, the following languages: Danish, the program can also interact in a use- his product is primarily a piece Dutch, Finnish, French, German, ful way with other Windows programs. of software that can be used to Italian, Norwegian, Spanish, and A discussion of how this feature is used T access CD-ROM dictionaries Swedish. (Note that the bilingual follows. that are also sold by WordFinder French and Italian dictionaries avail- First, select a word in a Windows Software. Dictionaries are available in able at the time of this review only go program. This can be done not only in

54 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Graphic 3 (although there is a way of doing this). To select a different translation, use either the mouse or the right and left arrows keys. It is not necessary to drag the cursor across the word you want, so this can be done very quickly. Once the desired translation is selected, press the Enter key, and this highlighted word will be copied to the Clipboard, and the focus will be switched back to the original program from which WordFinder was activated. The term is then auto- matically pasted in to replace the source-language term that was originally selected. For example, see Graphic 4. Graphic 4 This process is often very fast and clean, but not always. For example, some translations include usage notes, such as what preposition to use, and these are sometimes part of the copied text, which may or may not have to be deleted. The choice of the left Ctrl and the left Shift key to activate WordFinder can be difficult for people who are accustomed to using keyboard commands to move around in Word, since many users find this key combination, together with the right or left arrow Word, but in any Windows program, to the WordFinder window, then typed keys, to be an easy way to highlight a such as Déjà Vu. (I assume that this is Ctrl-V to paste the term into the series of words. What this means is that also true on the Macintosh platform, “Search” textbox on the WordFinder WordFinder often tries to look things although I have not tested it.) The pro- window, and then pressed Enter to look up when the user doesn’t want this. gram used here is StarOffice 6.0 (see up the term). Graphic 3 is a close-up This can be overcome either by Graphic 1). Next, press the left Control of the WordFinder window that makes redefining the key combination used to key and then the left Shift key in this it easier to see what it contains. activate WordFinder or by carefully order (this sequence can be changed, if Notice that one of the translations of pressing FIRST the left Shift key and desired). This copies the selected term this term is preselected in the THEN the left Ctrl key to move around to the Clipboard, pastes it into WordFinder window. If this preselected in Word. However, it takes a certain WordFinder, looks up the term, and term is not the desired translation, the amount of concentration to do this. switches the focus from the window in user can select a different one. The only Another problem is that if the user which the user is working to the words that can be selected are the terms accidentally presses the activation WordFinder window (see Graphic 2). with a gray background, which are the sequence (Ctrl + left Shift key) when (This accomplishes the same thing as if possible target-language translations of no text is selected, the Clipboard is you had typed Ctrl-C to copy the term the source term. Explanations and sub- cleared. That is, if you have a word on to the Clipboard, then Alt-Tab the ject annotations are not copied when the Clipboard that you wish to look appropriate number of times to switch the dictionary is used in this way up, and then accidentally press ➡

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 55 Dictionary Reviews Continued

Graphic 5

the activation sequence with no text searches with an initial “*”,which the numerical keypad as arrow keys. selected, the word is no longer there. some CD-ROM dictionaries have dif- However, I was delighted to discover This presents a problem if you want to ficulty doing quickly. As is the case that it is not really necessary to type look the word up in another CD-ROM with many Windows applications, the in the special characters at all. It is dictionary or in a Web browser, since special characters ä, ö, §, and ü can be possible to type in “a” for “ä,”“ss” it means that it is necessary to copy typed by inputting their ANSI code for “ß,” etc., and the words will be the term again. on the numerical keypad when the Alt found, which is not the case in some It is possible to use the wild cards key is depressed. Unfortunately, as is CD-ROM dictionaries, such as the “*” (for any number of any character) also the case in many Windows appli- UniLex series. and “?” (for any single character). cations, it is necessary for the Num The text in the WordFinder window Searches are not case-sensitive. Lock key to be on when this is done, does not wrap, and if the resizable WordFinder is able to process wild- although many users prefer to leave it window is too narrow to show all of it, card searches very quickly, even off so that they can use the keys on the right edge is simply cut off. It

56 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 Graphic 6 mouse to hover over it. However, the have to contain certain special codes, program can be used in any Windows which can be tedious if terms are application using the wide window entered one by one. However, there is a across the screen, without the way of importing and exporting user ToolTip-like window. This is done by dictionaries, so it is very easy to import double-clicking on a word to select it a long list of terms into a user diction- and then right-clicking on it: The ary. What is especially nice about this translation will appear in the wide feature is that a user can group his or window. her own dictionaries with the Collins would be nice if there was a scroll bar As I mentioned above, everything I dictionary (or any of the other diction- or some other indication that the right have reported reflects my experience aries which are sold with WordFinder), side is cut off. However, the window with the program on the Windows so that a term need only be looked up has to be very narrow for this to hap- 2000 platform. WordFinder also has a once, not first in one dictionary and pen, and this is not usually a problem. Macintosh version, which I have not then in another. The priority in which WordFinder includes an additional tested. At the present time there is not the dictionaries are queried is also con- feature called WordFinder Easy a native Linux version of WordFinder. figurable. The grouping is completely Reader, which allows extremely quick There is a Linux program called transparent to the user. The user’s terms and easy lookup of words that are dis- CrossOver Office that provides appear alongside those in the Collins played in Internet Explorer. Windows emulation in Linux, making dictionary, and can be used exactly as Unfortunately, this feature only works it possible, for example, to install described above. in Internet Explorer, not in Mozilla, Microsoft Office, etc., on Linux. I tried What translators really need is a Firefox, or other Windows programs installing WordFinder in this environ- very quick and convenient way of (however, see below). WordFinder ment, but I was unable to get it to work, copying and pasting terms back and Easy Reader is launched like any although I have had this difficulty with forth between the program in which Windows program, and then it is acti- many CD-ROM dictionaries. the translator is working and the ter- vated by right-clicking on an icon in Attendees of ATA’s 45th Annual minology tool, and WordFinder does the Taskbar. When it is first opened, a Conference in Toronto may recall that this better than any other terminology short window opens across most of WordFinder participated in the management program I am aware of. I the width of the screen (it is across the Translation Support Tools Forum. This highly recommend this product. bottom of the screen in Graphic 5). is because WordFinder software can be Then, if the user opens Internet used not only to query a CD-ROM dic- Explorer and allows the mouse to tionary, but also as a terminology man- hover over an unknown word, this agement tool. It allows users to create opens another window similar to, but their own dictionaries that can be used Thomas Hedden holds a Ph.D. in Slavic larger than, a ToolTip window which together with or separately from the linguistics from the University of displays the translation of the term (as dictionaries provided with the California, Berkeley. He has worked free- shown in Graphic 6). WordFinder software. In order to be lance for many years as a German- English technical translator. Contact: This way of using WordFinder able to take advantage of user-created [email protected]. Easy Reader allows a word to be dictionaries in the same way as looked up merely by allowing the described above, the dictionary entries

Getting Started: A straightforward guide A Newcomer’s Guide to for newcomers to the professions. Translation and $15. Members $25. Nonmembers Interpretation Call 703.683.6100.

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 57 The Translation Inquirer By John Decker

Address your queries and responses to The Translation Inquirer, 112 Ardmoor Avenue, Danville, Pennsylvania 17821, or fax them to (570) 275-1477. E-mail address: [email protected]. Please make your submissions by the 25th of each month to be included in the next issue. Generous assistance from Per Dohler, proofreader, is gratefully acknowledged.

ccording to a 19th-century queries as above about off and on the användas I målet eller ärendet. Sådan phrenology illustration in a tome record, but Dario wants the Spanish upplysning behöver dock inte delges Asimply called The Science Book, for these. med den som har inlett förfarandet a work for the coffee table on the sub- (F-E 6-05/5) A denizen of Lantra-l vid myndigheten eller som har gett ject of the history of science, the part of asked about “journal de bord des in en handling i målet eller ärendet, the brain that is responsible for lan- marches,” as in “Le Journal de bord om upplysningen lämnas I nära guage ability is located, not in the pre- des marches vous présente les émis- anslutning till att ansökan eller han- frontal lobes, or at the temples, or sions pour différents titres.” dlingen har kommit in till on the very top of one's head, (G-E 6-05/6) This began as a myndigheten.” but…directly below the eyes! And all German-to-Spanish query in ProZ, but (T-E 6-05/11) Other than the fact these years I was convinced that those is just as intriguing with English as the that it is medical in nature, the dark bags beneath my eyes were target language: What is “das laufende Translation Inquirer cannot say any- simply indicators of fatigue or “allergy Gut” in the world of sailing? The con- thing about this (rare) Turkish query, shiners,” the telltale signs of hay fever text reads like this: “Er wird als for which English is wanted: "Yayma or an excessively dusty environment. Mastmann und Hauptsegel Grinder preparatlarin incelenmesinde zeminde To the contrary, according to the ever- engesetzt und ist überdies für das bol polimorf nüveli lökositler dikkati reliable science of phrenology, they are laufende Gut mitverantwortlich.” çekmektedir." the outward sign of being a linguist. (G-I 6-05/7) What part of a toaster Who knew? is the “Brötchenhalterung?” The Replies to Old Queries ProZ questioner seems to have been (E-Da 4-05/1) (trust mark): [Abbreviations used in this column: well satisfied with the other compo- Camilla Kieliger says that she Da-Danish; D-Dutch; E-English; nents of the machine, but this one searched Google.dk and found F-French; G-German; H-Hebrew; was a problem. “e-mærke” for this. There is even a I-Italian; Po-Polish; Pt-Portuguese; (Sp-E 6-05/8) This query, related website (www.e-maerket.dk). Sp-Spanish; Sw-Swedish; T-Turkish.] to energy and power generation, con- (E-H 1-05/1) (vice president for cerns the phrase “cosidos en hilo de financial affairs): David Goldman New Queries nilon de 3 cubos y titulo 470 dtex.” has never seen a business executive (D-E 6-05/1) In a pharmaceuticals More context: “Guantes protectores referred to in modern Hebrew as job related to the problems professional con doble curtido de cromo (proced- “nasi” or “sgan nasi.”“Nasi” refers to athletes have with drug testing when imiento mineral o vegetal). Cosidos a political president. As for the they use nutritional supplements, a ProZ con hilo de nilon de 3 cubos y titulo “smnk'l” that made up part of the user had problems with the phrases (1.a) 470 dtex. Con forro de felpa jersey.” reply on page 45 of the April “dopinggeduide stoffen” and (1.b) Who wants to try it? Chronicle, this is an abbreviation for “Borgingssysteem.” What are these? (Sw-E 6-05/9) A Lantra-l member “sgan menahel klali” (deputy general (E-F 6-05/2) The concept of busi- needed the English for “ammunition- manager), with “menahel klali” ness as usual caused a bit of a sröjaren,” the person who uses a being a general manager. “Man'kal” problem for a Lantra-l member. The global positioning device, a digital means a CEO, and is also an context was that the company wrote camera, binoculars, and a handheld acronym. of concentrating on its ordinary oper- personal computer to locate mines (E-Po 4-05/3) (“Oh, come on!”): ations as opposed to dealing with and unexploded ordnance. This widely used English phrase has problems, like layoffs, that arise from (Sw-E 6-05/10) “Vid myndigheten” multiple meanings in Polish, reorganization. is the problem phrase in this legal trans- according to Piotr Graff. One of them (E-F 6-05/3) What, asks Dario lation, being an excerpt from Swedish that denotes suspicion and disbelief is Cavalieros, is good French for (3.a) law. It goes like this: “Förenklad del- “CoÊ ty, nie mów.” Utter rejection and We are now going off the record and givning fåranvändas bara om den sökte condescension are conveyed by “No to (3.b) We are now back on the record? har delgetts upplysning om att fören- masz przechlapane.” Doubt is (E-Sp 6-05/4) Same pair of klad delgivning kan komma att expressed by “Naprawd´? Na

58 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 pewno?” The notion of No kidding! is tory at the Dubai Sevens tournament. used by top executives, driven by a found in “Nie wyg∏upiaj si´!” And last Dario Cavalieros notes that in this suite, uniformed driver. and best of all, says Piotr, and also “de suite” (part of the French sentence) (Sw-E 4-05/11) (“elslutbleck”): It’s closest to Come on! is a phrase that is means in a row in this context. an electric strike plate, claims Paul heard only from Cracow southwards, (G-E 4-05/9) (“Mandat”): Paul Hopper. And the “motorles” mentioned “E idê˝e pokoju z ciasta.” Hopper says that this context requires in the same sentence is probably a mis- (E-Pt 10-04/4) (child minder): In the English to be Authority to act on print for “motorlås,” a motorized lock. Britain, says John Kinory, such a someone else's behalf. If one is in the (Sw-E 4-05/12) (“täckbrickor”): child care worker would have to be process of firing an attorney, for Most likely these are cover plates in registered with the social services example, this is conveyed by “von this context, says Paul Hopper. department of the local authority. einem Mandat entbinden.” The word Elsewhere, they might possibly be (F-E 4-05/7) (All Blacks rugby is not to be confused with “Mandant,” washers. Again, there is a misspelling team): This query, involving an a client. in the context sentence involving the extended French sentence on page 45 (I-E 1-05/8) (“macchina di rapp- letter “å”: “leskista” should be of the April Chronicle, was answered resentanza”): Berto Berti disagrees "låskista" (lock receptacle). by Paul Hopper, who used Google to that there is any status symbol learn that, as the initial poser of the meaning attached to this term, as in Thanks a lot for your participa- query wanted to know, four straight Ferraris and Maseratis. His rendering tion! It was great! victories by this team resulted in a vic- of these three words is a company car

The Onionskin Continued from p. 42 speaker, please. Fluency Pays discovered that “money” generates at Ultimately, the texts produced by Seven hundred reasons for study- least two intriguing tidbits: Britons the Hotel Turners and StyleDesign ing languages are listed on a new who speak a foreign language are STUDIOs of this world actually pro- website produced by the U.K.’s richer, happier, and regarded as sexier mote professional translation, or Learning and Teaching Support than those who can speak only should. Network, a publicly funded organiza- English, while learning a second lan- What better way to remind U.S. tion that promotes learning in all sub- guage can boost an average worker’s businesses contemplating foreign jects in higher education. A notice on lifetime earnings by as much as markets just how odd they, too, will the site informs visitors that the con- £145,000. Hey, ask any professional look if they take shortcuts for their tent results from new research by the translator. Japanese, Kyrgyz, or other foreign- Subject Centre (www.llas.ac.uk/ language texts? 700reasons/700reasons.aspx). The Onionskin gave the “search by With thanks to Bob Blake, Ben keyword” function a whirl, and Jones, and Andy Klatt.

Business Owners Insurance Collection Services/Receivables Hays Affinity Solutions (HAYS) Management (866) 310-4297 • (202) 263-4016 Dun & Bradstreet Take Advantage of [email protected] or Mike Horoski Your Member Benefits [email protected] (800) 333-6497 ext. 7226 http://ata.haysaffinity.com (484) 242-7226 [email protected]

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 59 Humor and Translation By Mark Herman Herman is a librettist and translator. Submit items for future columns via e-mail to [email protected] or via snail mail to Mark Herman, 5748 W Brooks Rd., Shepherd, MI 48883-9202. Discussions of the translation of humor and examples thereof are preferred, but humorous anecdotes about translators, translations, and mistranslations are also welcome. Include copyright information and permission if relevant.

Goldilocksa Anda Da Tree Bearsa

ake foreign accents emphasize and 1944), and then also reprinted in the fundamental differences the Complete Short Poetry: You are too much a man, Naso, or F between the sounds of two lan- rather too many a man it is who guages. These differences, in Miserable Catullus, stop being plows you: Naso, you are too much phonemes, allophones, pitches, and foolish and a deviant. phrase shapes, make futile any And admit it’s over, attempt to mimic in one language the The sun shone on you those days The first half of the first line of exact sounds of another. Nonetheless, When your girl had you Zukofsky’s translation is enough to some translators try. When you gave it to her illustrate his results: The practice is most prevalent like like nobody else ever will. among those opera translators who Mool 'tis homos,' Naso claim that the sounds of the words of Then, in the 1960s, Zukofsky re- the original text are part of the music, translated the poem: The translation is not quite as and that reproducing them takes senseless as it first appears, because, precedence over everything else. But Miss her, Catullus? Don’t be so inept according to the Oxford English some translators of non-sung texts to rail Dictionary, the verb “mool” (16th- also believe that the most important at what you see perish when per- 19th century, apparently Scots thing is how the original author ished is the case. dialect) means: 1) “to crumble, esp. “shapes air.” A notable example is Full, sure once, candid the sunny to crumble bread . . . in order to soak American poet Louis Zukofsky, who, days glowed, solace, it in liquid,” whence comes 2) “to in collaboration with his wife Celia, when you went about it as your girl associate intimately with,” although translated the ancient Roman poet would have it, apparently with no sexual overtones. Catullus homophonically (London: you loved her as no one else shall Nonetheless, my advice regarding Cape Golliard, 1969; reprinted in ever be loved. homophonic translation is: do not try Louis Zukofsky: Complete Short this at home, or anywhere else, not Poetry, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins But not all of this translation is even if you’re a professional. University Press, 1991). homophonic, and it all makes some Here are the first five Latin lines of sort of sense. Perhaps Zukofsky felt Catullus viii: restrained by his earlier translation.

Miser Catulle, desinas ineptire, There was no such restraint when et quod uides perisse perditum Zukofsky homophonically translated ducas. Catullus cxii, a two-line poem which Overnight Delivery/Express Fulsere quondam candidi tibi soles, itself exhibits no restraint: cum uentitabas quo puella ducebat Package Service amata nobis quantum amabitur Multus homo es, Naso, neque UPS nulla. tecum multus homo te scindat: Naso, multus es et Here is Zukofsky’s original transla- pathicus. Reference Code: C0000700415 tion of these lines, first published in Anew (poems written between 1935 The literal meaning is: (800) 325-7000 www.ups.com

MBNA America ATA Members MasterCard Reference Code: IFKV 800.847.7378 • 302.457.2165

60 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 PROFESSIONAL Certification Forum Continued from p. 40 in Seattle (November 9-12), with actual CCE starting DICTIONARIES FOR YOUR COMPUTER in early 2006, if approved by ATA’s Board of Directors. CCE and computerized practice tests will be offered as an option for an undetermined period, with separate paper-and-pencil exam sittings also Always close to the available as long as a sufficient number of candidates prefer that option. With CCE, we believe the ATA becomes the first right translation! translators’ organization to computerize its certification program, pioneering the use of technology in response to the wishes expressed by many of its members. While the CCE system selected does not exactly simulate the conditions under which professional translators work, it represents a significant step in that direction. As technology advances, we will determine whether or not to remove more of those restrictions that prevent full use of the computer’s capabilities without affecting the security, convenience, and fairness of the exam. Several universities have already agreed to host the ATA CCE. However, in order to make the CCE a success, we need more sites throughout the country As a professional, you are forced to tackle various language to provide certification sittings convenient to all issues on a daily basis. These concerns can readily be solved members. Therefore, ATA members, in particular quickly and efficiently using WordFinder with accompanying dictionaries. Installing an electronic dictionary is indeed a those connected to universities, are encouraged to brilliant idea. participate in the site recruitment effort by advising CCE Task Force members of prospective CCE sites, • Save time • 10 different languages or by contacting those responsible for the institu- • Easy to use • Compatible with the tion’s computer lab about the possibility of hosting • Always the right word majority of applications ATA’s certification exams. • Advanced search options • PC, Mac, Pocket PC, Intranet – the choice is • Flexibility yours! • Diversity – more than 100 dictionaries Upcoming Seminars and Conferences WordFinder Software is market leader in Scandinavia in the International Federation of Translators field of electronic dictionaries and WordFinder has become an invaluable tool for translators all over the world. Statutory and General Congress August 4-7, 2005 Tampere, Finland Special offer! www.fit-ift.org WordFinder with the largest general dictionaries! Now at discount prices. Choose from seven ATA Professional Development Seminar different languages! “The Business of Translating and Interpreting” Now! $225 September 24, 2005 Read more and order at www.wordfinder.com Salt Lake City, Utah www.atanet.org “Your product is brilliant. It has increased my productivity by at least 20%” ATA 46th Annual Conference One of our satisfied customers November 9-12, 2005 WordFinder Software International AB Seattle, Washington P.O. Box 155 • SE-351 04 Växjö, Sweden Phone: +46 470-70 00 00 • Fax: +46 470-70 00 99 www.atanet.org E-mail: [email protected] • www.wordfinder.com

The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 61 DIRECTORY OF LANGUAGE SERVICES To place an ad contact Matt Hicks at 215-321-9662, ext. 19 or [email protected]

Over 50 years of professional multilingual translations

5 Park Home Ave., 6th Floor Toronto, Ontario, Canada M2N 6L4 Tel: 416-227-0304 Fax: 416-227-0305 Tel: 1-800-661-5222 Fax: 1-800-387-2555 www.dussault-translation.com

Albanian<>English Chinese <> English

Magna Cum Laude, Univ. of Tirana, Albania. Your Experienced Chinese Translator The best professional Twelve years exp. Translating & Interpreting. Prompt service at modest price technical translations, Voice: (805) 907-9127 Have translated over 1.2 million words and especially for Euro, African [email protected] have interpreted 76,000 minutes since 2000 and Brazilian Portuguese. Quality, reliability, speed. Let us www.albanian-language.com Call Toll Free: 1-800-818-0684 or help you optimize your project. www.TranslationUSA.org for details Czech, Slovak <> English [email protected] www.cybertecusa.com 800.769.7891 Highly experienced, reliable, fast translator / Fax 908.245.5434 conference interpreter. Any work volume. [email protected] Quality control. (303) 530-9781; Fax: (303) 530-5600, [email protected]. ADVERTISE IN ATA & WATCH YOUR AD TRANSLATE INTO $$$ Contact Matt Hicks today for rates and information. 215-321-9662 ext. 19 [email protected]

62 The ATA Chronicle | June 2005 N ATIONAL S ECURITY A GENCY Can you find

in shades of gray?

BECOME A LANGUAGE ANALYST AT NSA Mastering a foreign language is more than simple translation. It’s about nuance, context, cultural overtones, and dialect. And at NSA, it’s about national security. Our Language Analysts have a global impact in providing the fullest and most accurate intelligence to U.S. policymakers, military commanders, and Intelligence Community members. You’ll also have the opportunity to learn new languages and expand upon current proficiencies through our Language Enhancement Program. If you’re ready for the responsibility, join NSA, where intelligence goes to work. NSA has a critical need for individuals with the following language capabilities:

> Arabic > Chinese > Farsi > Korean And more ...

For a complete list of languages or to apply online, visit our Web site.

www.NSA.gov U.S. Citizenship is required. NSA is an equal opportunity employer. All applicants for employment are considered without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national CLICK ON CAREERS origin, age, marital status, handicap, sexual orientation, or status as a parent. Last Chance. June 27th! Early Bird Offer ExpiresRaising the Standard

TRADOS 7 Freelance raises the world’s standard translation memory software to a new level of performance. Enjoy the critical new features you have asked for to complete jobs faster and connect with the thousands of companies and language vendors that also use TRADOS. Raise your business to a new standard.

TRADOS 7 Early Bird Offer: Order TRADOS 6.5 Freelance (new or upgrade) and receive 15% savings plus TRADOS 7 Freelance FREE when it releases - expected June 2005. Hurry offer expires June 27, 2005!

Learn more and order at www.translationzone.com or call +1-408-743-3577

TRADOS IS A PROZ.COM PARTNER

Copyright 2005 TRADOS Inc. Offers expire June 27, 2005, and are not to be combined with any other offer. Certain other restrictions apply. TRADOS and the TRADOS logo are registered trademarks of TRADOS Inc.