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VETIVER GRASS A thin green line againsto erosion• Board on Science and Technology for International Development National Research Council National Academy Press Washington, D.C. 1993 NOTICE: The project that is the subject ofthis report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competence and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy ofSciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs; encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute ofMedicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy ofSciences to secure the services of eminent members ofappropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Stuart Bondurant is acting president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community ofscience and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute ofMedicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Board on Science and Technology for International Development (BOSTID) of the Office of International Affairs addresses a range of issues arising from the ways in which science and technology in developing countries can stimulate and complement the complex processes of social and economic development. It oversees a broad program of bilateral workshops with scientific organizations in developing countries and conducts special studies. BOSTID's Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation publishes topical reviews of technical processes and biological resources of potential importance to developing countries. This report has been prepared by an ad hoc advisory panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development, Office ofInternational Affairs, National Research Council. Support for this project was provided by the Division ofEnvironment of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (The World Bank), the Soil Conservation Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Office of the Science Advisor of the Agency for International Development Grant No. DPE-5545-A 00-8068-00. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 92-050175 ISBN 0-309-04269-0 PANEL ON VETIVER NORMAN E. BORLAUG, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Mafz y Trigo Mexico City, Mexico, Chairman RATTAN LAL, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA DAVID PIMENTEL, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA HUGH POPENOE, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA *** NOEL D. VIETMEYER, Vetiver Study Director and Scientific Editor MARK R. DAFFORN, StaffAssociate STAFF F .R. RUSKIN, BOSTID Editor ELIZABETH MOUZON, Senior Secretary BRENT SIMPSON, MUCIA Intern MICHAEL McD. Dow, Acting Director, BOSTID CONTRIBUTORS I. P. ABROL, Department ofSoils, Agronomy, and Agroforestry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India EDITHE ALEXANDER, Stanthur and Company, Ltd., Castries, St. Lucia CHARLES H. ANTHOLT, Agriculture Division, Asia Technical Depart ment, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA ERIK ARRHENIUS, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA JACQUES BARRAU, Laboratoire d'Ethnobotanique-Biogeographie, Mu seum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France CLIFFORD BELLANDE, CARE-Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti MICHAEL BENGE, Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA PAT BOYD, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Glenn Dale, Maryland, USA TOM BREDERO, The World Bank, Antananarivo, Madagascar ROBERT CHAMBERS, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK GEOFFREY P. CHAPMAN, Wye College, University of London, Wye, Near Ashford, Kent, UK GABRIEL CHARLES, Ministry of Agriculture, Castries, St. Lucia CAROL Cox, Ecology Action, Willits, California, USA SELWYN DARDIANE, Director of Forests, Trinidad and Tobago KITTlE DERSTINE, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA MEL DUVALL, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA H. A. ELWELL, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe V. GIBBERD, E. M. I. Soil and Water Conservation Project, Ministry of Agriculture, Embu, Kenya M. GRASSI, Instituto de Botanica, Fundaci6n Instituto Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina JOHN C. GREENFIELD (The World Bank, retired), Kerikeri, New Zealand RICHARD G. GRIMSHAW, Agriculture Division, Asia Technical Depart ment, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA BRUCE HANSEN, Herbarium, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA R. M. JARROLD, MASDAR (UK) Ltd., Finchampstead, Berkshire, UK EMANUEL L. JOHNSON, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA MAURICE JONES, Vetiver Grass Stabilization cc, Management Agricul tural Services, Howick, South Africa R. S. JUNOR, Soil Conservation Service, New South Wales, Chatswood, New South Wales, Australia W. DORAL KEMPER, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA T. N. KHOSHOO, Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, India MATHIEU KUIPERS, CORDECO-MACA, Cochabamba, Bolivia GERALD R. LEATHER, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Frederick, Maryland, USA GILBERT LOVELL, Southern Regional Plant Introduction Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Griffin, Georgia, USA WILLIAM S. LUCE, Miami Beach, Florida, USA WILLIAM B. MAGRATH, Environmental Policy Research Division, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA MICHAEL MCGAHUEY, Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA MIKE MATERNE, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA RAMIRO MATOS MENDIETA, Colegio Real, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru D. E. K. MILLER, New Zealand Department ofScientific and Industrial Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand STANDLEY MULLINGS, Stanthur and Company, Ltd., Castries, St. Lucia ALAN NORDMEYER, Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Research Institute, Ministry ofForestry,Christchurch, New Zealand CALEB O. OTHIENO, Tea Research Foundation of Kenya, Kericho, Kenya KENNETH PIDDINGTON, Office of Environment, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA C. SITAPATHI RAO, Agriculture and Rural Development Area, Admin istrative Staff, College of India, Bella Vista, Hyderabad, India JOHN (MARC) SAFLEY, JR., Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Depart ment of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA CINDY SCHEXNAYDER, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA W. CURTIS SHARP, National Plant Materials Laboratory, Soil Conser vation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA HOLLY SHIMIZU, U.S. Botanic Gardens, Washington, D.C., USA JAMES SMYLE, Agriculture Division, Asia Technical Department, The World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA S. SUBRAMANIAN, Soil and Water Management Research Institute, Naidu Agricultural University, Thanjavur, India ANTHONY TANTUM, Vetiver Grass Stabilization cc, Management Agri cultural Services, Howick, South Africa PAUL P. S. TENG, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines PAT THURBON, Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Queens land, Australia PAUL TRUONG, Soil Conservation Research, Department of Primary Industries, Indooroopilly, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia ARNOLD TSCHANZ, U.S. Department

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