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Article History Keywords Canola Plants, Insect Pests, Natural Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (1): 257 - 267 Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Insect pests and the associated natural enemies in the cultivation of canola in El-Minia Governorate Asmaa, Salah El-Din Syaid1; Salman, A. M. A. 2 and Mohamed, A. A. Abdel-Rahman1 ¹Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. 2Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Sohag University. ARTICLE INFO Abstract: Article History The present studies were oriented during 2016-2017 Received: 30 / 1 / 2020 and 2017-2018 growing seasons of canola plants at Malawi, Accepted: 12 /3 /2020 El-Minia Governorate. Results indicated that the presence Keywords of 26 species of arthropods belonged to 22 families and 14 Canola plants, insect pests, orders. From the species collected, 5 species are considered natural enemies, El-Minia the main pests causing great damage, 4 slightly harmful, Governorate and Egypt. and 8 beneficial arthropods as well as unidentified species of true spiders. The identified species were listed and classified to pests, parasitoids, predators, pollinators and visitors. Introduction Canola is one of the newly Carcamo et al., 2001; Mosiane et al., introduced oil crops in Egypt to contribute 2003; Hansen, 2004; Pontoppidan et al., in reducing oil shortage; especially it 2005 and Ahmed, 2006 discussed pests could be cultivated in soils affected by inhabiting canola from the economic point salinity. Rapeseed has a bright future in of view. Egypt because of its ability to grow in the The present study aims to survey new reclaimed lands under wide soil the pests and the associated natural variation as drought and salinity as enemies inhabiting canola plants and to revealed by some Egyptian (Kandil et al., determine their abundance and dominance 1996). Literature review for the pests degrees in an attempt of planning inhabiting canola plants in certain successful control programme for these countries of the world i. e. India, Pakistan, pests under Malawi, El-Minia Governorate USSR, China, Italy, Canada, Poland, condition. Bulgaria, UK, Australia, Turkia, Germany, Barazil, North America, USA, Denmark, Materials and methods Estonia, South Africa and Egypt, The present studies were illustrated that the main pests of canola conducted at the experimental farm of plants were certain species of insects Malawi, Agricultural Research Station belonging to different orders (Lamb, during the period from 2016-2017 and 1989). Various authors in certain parts of 2017-2018 canola growing seasons. An the world i. e. Warner et al., 2000; area of about one feddan (4200 m2) was 257 Syaid et al., 2020 divided into equal plots. Each plot [1/400 mites were counted using a binocular of feddan (6 rows / plot)] was cultivated microscope. Inspection was made from the with canola (baktol variety) in a beginning of the vegetative stage to randomized complete block design. All flowering and fruiting stage up to the end recommended agricultural practices were of season. Specimens of unknown spices performed, and no chemical treatments were kept in glass vials contain 75% ethyl were used during the study period. alcohol for later identification. 1. Survey of pests and the associated natural enemies inhabiting canola: 2. Statistical analysis: In order to survey the pests and the Dominance (%) and abundance associated natural enemies inhabiting (%) degrees of the identified species were canola plants, sweep-net technique and calculated according to the formula of whole plant examination were used as Facylate (1971). sampling methods. 2.1. Dominant degrees (D): 1.1.Sweep net sampling: D = t/T x 100, where The sweep-net consisted of a (t) = total number of each species during wooden handle 100cm in length; the rim the collecting period. (T) = total number of was about 38cm in diameter and 75cm all species during the collecting period. deep. Ten sweeps repeated ten times were taken weekly. Each collected sample was 2.2. Abundant degrees (A): emptied into labeled cage and transferred A = n / N x 100, where, to the laboratory. Specimens were (n) = total number of samples in which anaesthetized by Chloroform and each species appeared. examined under stereomicroscope. (N) = total number of samples taken all Number of species and number of over the season. individuals of each species was recorded and unidentified species were kept in vials Results and Discussion containing 75% ethyl alcohol for later identification. Samples were taken weekly 1.Survey of pests and their associated and continued throughout the growing predators recorded on canola plants: season until the end of the season. Samples were taken, whenever possible, Data presented in Table (1) from the same plot but never from the showed a partial taxonomic list of same plant. The number of species and the arthropod pests and the associated natural numbers of individuals each species enemies recorded by whole plant and within each sample were counted and sweeping sampling from canola plants recorded at each inspection date. cultivated in Malawi Agricultural Research Station during 2016-2017 and 1.2. Whole plant sampling: 2017-2018 growing seasons. Results Weekly samples of 50 canola indicated that the presence of 26 species of plants were taken early in the morning arthropods belonged to 22 families and 14 (8.00-10.00 Am) at random from the area. orders as well as some species of true The number of adults of the insect's pests spiders (unidentified). From the species and associated natural enemies were collected, 5 species are considered as carefully counted. The number of the abundant pests causing great damage, 4 immature stages of the insect pests and species are considered as pests’ species 258 Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (1): 257 - 267 slightly harmful, 8 beneficial arthropods as Brevicorene prassicae L.; green peach well as unidentified species of true spiders aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer.) and 3 species are considered as pollinators (Aphididae); the leafhopper, Empaosica and visitors. spp. (Cicadellidae) and the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thripidae) as well as the 1.1. Pests: two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus Intensive and extensive urticae Koch ( Acari: Tetranychidae). observations indicated that the collected Laboratory examination of the randomly species can be classified as piercing- collected canola leaves revealed the sucking pests, leaf feeders, and leaf presence of the twospotted spider mite T. miners. In general 6 orders (Orthoptera, urticae which causes heavy infestation to Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, the canola leaves throughout the whole Diptera and Acari) and 11 families growing season. (Acridiidae, Gryllotalpidae, Gryllidae, These results are in accordance with those Thripidae, Miridae, Pentatomodae, obtained by El-Dabi (1999) and Amro Aleyrodidae, Aphidadae, Cicadellidae, (2008) who reported a taxonomic list of Noctuidae, Agromyzidae, as well as four arthropode pests and predators recovered families of Acari order (Tetranychidae) from some plantation. However, Ahmed were recorded inhabiting canola plants (2003), Hagrass et al. (2008), Ghallab et during 2016- 2017 and 2017-2018 al. (2011), Abd El-Wahab et al. (2012) growing seasons. Species belonging to and Gameel (2013), Metwally et al.(2013) order Lepidoptera were collected as larvae reported that B. tabaci; A. gosspyii; T. by direct observations on the plants and tabaci; Empoasca spp. are the most presented by family Noctuidae. Two important piercing sucking insects of species were belonged to this order, cucumber crops. Two spotted spider mite, Agrotis ipsilon (Rott.) and Spodoptera T. urticae was found to be as an economic littoralis (Boisd.) (Noctuidae). Three pest infesting cucurbit plants (Farrag et al., species of order Orthoptera were recorded 1982; Abou-Taka and Zahdy, 1990; El- during the present study. These species Maghraby et al., 1994; Ali, 1995 and were grasshopper, Heteraacris littoralis Abou El-Saad, 2015). (Rumb.) and Acrotylus insubricus (Scopli) which pertaining to family Acridiidae. The 1.2. Natural enemies: mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L., This group of beneficial insects (Family: Gryllotalpidae) and Gryllus included parasitoids and predators. domestich (L.) (Family: Gryllidae) have no serious damage to the crop. Collected 1.2.1. Predators: species belonging to the group of As shown in Table (1), nine arthropods, which pierce the tissue and species were identified as entomophagous suck the sap of canola plants are belonging in addition to true spider (unidentified). to order Hemiptera , Heteroptera and They are belonging to 6 orders Thysanoptera as well as the two-spotted (Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, spider mite of the order Acari. The most Coleoptera and Diptera as well as some of important serious pricing sucking pests the unidentified species of true spiders. were the plant bug, Campylomma impicta, Results also indicated that these species Stink bug, Nezara veridula L. are belonging to 6 families (Labiduridae, (Pentatominae); whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Anthocoridae, Chrysopidae, (Genn.) (Aleyrodidae); cabbage aphid, Coccinellidae, Staphylinidae and 259 Syaid et al., 2020 Syrphidae). The green lacewing, 2003). The present results are generally Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) ; the agreeing with those of El-Maghraby et al. hover fly, Syrphus corolla Fabricius and (1994); Ali (1995) and Bachatly and the lady beetles, C. undecimpunctata, were Sedrak (1997). the most abundant predator
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