Anti-Soviet Newspapers, 1918-1922

Anti-SovietAnti-Soviet Newspapers,Newspapers, 1918-19221918-1922

Title list available atwww.idc.nl

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TheThe NationalNational LibraryLibrary ofof RussiaRussia Advisor:Advisor: Dr.Dr. G.G. Mikheeva,Mikheeva, TheThe NationalNational LibraryLibrary ofof RussiaRussia HIDC PUBLISHERPUBLISHERSS 1 Anti-SovietAnti-Soviet Newspapers,Newspapers ,19 1918-192 18-19222 FollowingFollowing ththee successfulsuccessful releaserelease ofof thethe "Press"Press ofof thethe WhiteWhite Movement"Movement" collection,collection, IDC IDC PublishersPublishers isis proudproud toto announcannouncee ththee publicatiopublicationn ooff "Anti-Sovie"Anti-Soviett Newspapers.Newspapers."" UntiUntill recentlyrecently,, ththee survivinsurvivingg anti-Sovieanti-Soviett newspapersnewspapers remaineremainedd undiscloseundisclosedd andand practicallypractically unknownunknown toto academia.academia. IDCIDC PublishersPublishers is is nownow makingmaking availableavailable forfor researchresearch a collectiocollectionn ooff 493493 ofof thesethese newspapers,newspapers, whichwhich untiluntil thethe 1990s1990s werewere heldheld inin aa specialspecial depositorydepository withwith restrictedrestricted accessaccess (spetskhran) inin ththee NationaNationall LibrarLibraryy ofof RussiaRussia.. IDIDCC PublisherPublisherss hahass uneartheunearthedd ononee ooff ththee world'world'ss largestlargest collectioncollectionss ooff previouslpreviouslyy inaccessiblinaccessiblee anti-Sovieanti-Soviett newspapersnewspapers,, anandd iiss makinmakingg iitt availablavailablee ttoo alalll thosthosee whwhoo araree interesteinterestedd iinn ththee undistorteundistortedd anandd true-to-factrue-to-factt historhistoryy ooff RussiaRussia.. ThThee collectiocollectionn wilwilll undoubtedlundoubtedlyy bbee ooff greagreatt interesinterestt ttoo historianshistorians,, literaryliterary critics,critics, andand studentsstudents ofof locallocal lore,lore, bothboth atat homehome andand abroad.abroad.

CivilCivil WarWar paperspapers meantmeant forfor massmass consumptioconsumptionn TheThe collapsecollapse ofof thethe TsaristTsarist regimeregime andand werweree sensentt ttoo ththee fronfrontt lineline,, andand overover itit DayDay ToTo DayDay LifeLife ththee ProvisionalProvisional GovernmentGovernment inin 19171917 leftleft intointo ththee enemy'enemy'ss territory.territory. OnceOnce read,read, a powerpower vacuumvacuum inin thethe formerformer RussianRussian thetheyy werweree useusedd eitheeitherr ttoo rolrolll cigarettescigarettes oror OnOnee cacann findfind Inin thithiss collection:collection; Empire.Empire. InIn thethe resultingresulting chaos,chaos, a numbernumber ttoo binbindd feet,feet, andand consequentlyconsequently • OfficiaOfficiali civicivicc andand militarymilitary ofof bothboth realreal andand shadowshadow governmentsgovernments disappeareddisappeared withoutwithout trace.trace. documentdocumentss fromfrom ththee WhiteWhite emerged.emerged. TheseThese rangedranged fromfrom centralistcentralist MovenientMovement executiveexecutive organsorgans (Bolsheviks,(Bolsheviks, Whites)Whites) throughthrough separatist-separatist- InIn ththee 1920s,1920s, 1930s,1930s, andand earlyearly 1950s,1950s, • InformationInformation aboutabout thethe activities activities nationalistnationalist (Ukraine,(Ukraine, CossackCossack Hosts,Hosts, thertheree werweree "ideologica"ideologicall purgespurges"" ooff ththee ofof regionaregionall andand locallocal TranscaucasiaTranscaucasiann RepublicsRepublics)) toto peasant-peasant- newspapernewspaper stocksstocks heldheld byby SovietSoviet administrationadministrationss anarchistanarchist (Makhrio)(Makhno) governments.governments. libraries.libraries. DuringDuring thesthesee purgespurges,, manmanyy ooff AlthoughAlthough ththee BolsheviksBolsheviks hadhad nono troubletrouble ththee WhiteWhite MovementMovement prespresss itemsitems thathatt • PressPress releases releases from from credit, credit, seizinseizingg powepowerr iinn NovembeNovemberr 1917,1917, theythey hahadd miraculouslymiraculously escapedescaped destructiondestruction industrialindustrial andand cooperativecooperative managedmanaged ttoo consolidateconsolidate theirtheir newnew werewere nownow destroyed,destroyed, becausebecause theythey werewere establishmentsestablishments andand savingssavings positiopositionn onlyonly afterafter severalseveral yearyearss ofof bittebitterr regardedregarded asas ideologicallyideologically harmfuhannfull andand bankbankss strugglestruggle inin a majomajorr civilcivil warwar withwith ththee superfluous.superfluous. ThoseThose thatthat werewere notnot •U MaterialMateria lof o fcharitable charitable societies societies counterrevolutionarycounterrevolutionary forcesforces referredreferred toto destroyedestroyedd werewere withdrawnwithdrawn from from andand organizationsorganizations asas thethe "White"White Movement."Movement." scholarlscholarlyy circulatiocirculationn anandd packepackedd awayaway iinn • speciaspeciall depositoriesdepositories.. AlAlll informatioinformationn • CentralCentra land an dlocal loca lnews news MiraculouMiraculouss survivalsurvival abouaboutt thethemm wawass proscribedproscribed,, whicwhichh isis • NewsNew sfrom from the th eCivil Civi Warl Wa frontsr fronts UntilUntil recently,recently, thethe sourcessources thatthat couldcould whwhyy nonnonee ooff ththee largelargerr archivearchivess oorr • LiteraryLiterary works work sof o ffamous famous sheshedd neneww lighlightt oonn Russia'Russia'ss civilcivil warwar librarielibrariess possessepossessess aa completcompletee lislistt ooff writerswriters perioperiodd (1918-1922)(1918-1922) werewere notnot availableavailable ttoo titletitless oorr setssets ofof ththee WhiteWhite MovementMovement researchersresearchers.. BecausBecausee ofof thethe instabilitinstabilityy prespresss ofof ththee period.period. ThisThis makesmakes anyany copycopy •" Drawings,Drawings, caricaturescaricatures andand constantlyconstantly changinchangingg conditionconditionss ooff ofof aa newspapernewspape r— - letlet alonealone wholewhole setssets - *" TheatricalTheatrical performances,performances, ththee civilcivil war,war, itit waswas impossibleimpossible toto collectcollect ofof ththee utmosutmostt importanceimportance.. concerts and other major or ththee numerousnumerous volatile,volatile, short-livedshort-lived concerts and other major or minominorr culturalcultural events. newspapers,newspapers, whichwhich werewere constantlyconstantly UniqueUnique CollectionCollection appearingappearing andand disappearing.disappearing. DailyDaily TheThe collectioncollection isis uniqueunique inin thatthat itsits '• AAmultifarious multifarious spectespecterr o fof contentscontents reflectreflect allall aspectsaspects ofof lifelife inin thatthat variouvariouss typetype ofof advertisement.advertisement. stormstormyy periodperiod,, whicwhichh wawass repletereplete withwith IT1' revolutionaryrevolutionary upheavalsupheavals andand civilcivil strife.strife. KI'OHUIT ThThee varietvarietyy ooff materiamateriall publishepublishedd iinn factfactss abouaboutt everydaeverydayy life,life, reflectinreflectingg thethe thesethese newspapersnewspapers isis astounding.astounding. workwork ofof variousvarious charitablecharitable societiessocieties anandd AlongsidAlongsidee materiamateriall reflectinreflectingg politicalpolitical organizationsorganizations,, theatricatheatricall performances,performances, issuesissues anandd ththee burninburningg topictopicss ofof thethe day,day, concertsconcerts,, anandd otheotherr majomajorr andand minorminor ththee collectioncollection presentpresentss thethe widestwidest rangerange culturaculturall eventsevents.. InterspersedInterspersed withwith thesethese andand varietvarietyy ooff newspapersnewspapers,, frofromm thosethose isis a ververyy widwidee rangrangee ofof advertisements.advertisements. carryingcarrying marriagmarriagee announcementannouncementss ttoo a ThusThus,, ththee collectioncollection willwill provideprovide batchbatch titledtitled "On"On thethe way:way: NewsNews fromfrom researchersresearchers withwith nonott onlyonly a ricrichh storstoree ooff ChairmanChairman ofof RevolutionaryRevolutionary CounciCouncill materialsmaterials ttoo examine,examine, butbut alsoalso thethe Trotsky'sTrotsky's Train."Train." ThisThis latterlatter newspapernewspaper opportunityopportunity toto makemake newnew discoveries.discoveries. waswas dubbeddubbed "anti-Bolshevik""anti-Bolshevik" afterafter Trotsky'Trotsky'ss rifriftt withwith J.J. Stalin.Stalin. TheThe IDIDCC LiteraryLiterary TreasuresTreasures collectiocollectionn containcontainss officiaofficiall civicivicc andand TheThe collectioncollection containscontains lotslots ofof materialmaterial militarymilitary documentsdocuments fromfrom ththee WhiteWhite dealingdealing withwith belles-lettres andand literaryliterary MovemenMovementt executivexecutivee organsorgans,, centralcentral andand criticiscriticismm thathatt holdholdss indispensableindispensable locallocal news,news, newsnews frofromm thethe civilcivil warwar informatioinformationn yeyett ttoo bbee assessedassessed byby literaryliterary frontsfronts,, informationinformation abouaboutt ththee activitiesactivities criticcriticss anandd scholars.scholars. ManyMany prominenprominentt ofof regionaregionall andand locallocal administrations,administrations, RussiaRussiann politicianspoliticians,, scholars,scholars, andand writerswriters andand presspress releasesrelease sfrom from creditcredit,, industrialindustrial,, whwhoo latelaterr livelivedd iinn exileexile,, publishepublishedd theitheirr κ/\ι»τ/\ Π HTA andand cooperativecooperative establishmentsestablishments andand workworkss iinn ththee newspapernewspaperss ofof thethe period.period. savingssavings banksbanks.. JuxtaposeJuxtaposedd withwith thesthesee areare FoForr example,example, thethe well-knownwell-known writewriterr 2 A.IA.I.. KupriKuprinn publishepublishedd ththee newspapernewspaper ThThee PrinevskyPrinevsky Krai;Krai; N.VN.y.. UstrryalovUstrryalov - ththee ideologisideologistt ofof thethe S,nenovekhovstvoSmenovekhovstvo — wawass iinn chargchargee ofof thethe RussianRussian PressPress BureauBureau underunder AdmiralAdmiral A.VA.V.. Kolchak'Koichak'ss government,government, andand alsoalso activelyactively cooperatedcooperated withwith aa numbernumber ofof WhiteWhite newspapersnewspapers inin Siberia;Siberia; thethe fathersfathers ofof thethe "White"White Idea"Idea "— - namelnamelyy N.N.N.N. LvovLvov anandd V.VV.V.. ShulgiShulginn - werewere activeactive inin thethe southsouth ooff RussiaRussia;; anandd B.A.B.A. SuvorinSuvorin waswas thethe publishepublisherr ofof TheThe Evening Time,Time, thethe largeslargestt WhiteWhite newspapernewspaper inin southernsouthern RussiaRussia..

A numbenumberr ofof widelywidely knownknown writerswriters andand poetpoetss — - forfor exampleexample,, VsVs.. Ivanov, Ivanov, MM.. Voloshin,Voloshin, Teffi,Teffi, A.V.A.V. Amphiteatrov,Amphiteatrov, andand A.T.A.T. AverchenkoAverchenko - publishepublishedd theitheirr literaryliterary piecespieces andand essaysessays inin variousvarious WhiteWhite newspapers.newspapers. TheseThese newspapersnewspapers GOAbLUEßH3H*b. alsalsoo containcontain a greatgreat varietyvariety ofof drawings,drawings, caricaturescaricatures,, anandd chastmhkiichastushkii (two-(two- oorr four-linfour-linee dittiedittiess oonn somsomee topicatopicall oorr Bolsheviks,Bolsheviks,"" andand werewere extremelyextremely criticacriticall collectiocollectionn waswas transferretransferredd ttoo ththee RussiaRussiann humoroushumorous theme).theme). abouaboutt somesome ofof ththee BolshevikBolshevik PubliPublicc LibraryLibrary (now(now thethe NLR).NLR). government'governnlent'ss decisions.decisions. TheseThese includedincluded StructureStructure ofof thethe CollectionCollection SocialSocial RevolutionaryRevolutionary (SR)(SR) newspapers,newspapers, FindingFinding aidsaids ThThee termterm "anti-Soviet"anti-Soviet newspapers"newspapers" newspapernewspaperss thathatt werewere dubbeddubbed "petty-"petty- A catalogucataloguee ofof thithiss collectioncollection - embracesembraces allall thethe newspapersnewspapers containingcontaining bourgeoisbourgeois"" bbyy ththee Bolsheviks,Bolsheviks, anandd anti-anti- NesovetskieNesoveiskie gazety 1918-1922. Katalog anti-Bolshevikanti-Bolshevik propagandapropaganda publishedpublished inin BolshevikBolshevik newspapernewspaperss withwith differentdifferent sobramiasobraniia RossiiskoiRossiiskoi natsional'noi thethe territoriesterritories controlledcontrolled byby thethe WhitesWhites RussianRussian SocialSocial DemocraticDemocratic LaborLabor PartyParty biblioteki. Sankt-Peterburg:Sankt-Peterburg: RossiiskaiaRossiiskaia anandd ththee RedRedss iinn ththee perioperiodd 1918-1922.1918-1922. IInn affiliations.affiliations. TheThe "petty-bourgeois""petty-bourgeois" natsional'naianatsional'naia bibliotekabiblioteka,, 20032003 - wawass accordancaccordancee withwith ththee charactercharacter ofof itsits newspapersnewspapers werewere primarilyprimarily meantmeant forfor completedcompleted byby Prof.Prof. G.V.G.V. MikheevaMikheeva andand materials,materials, thethe collectioncollection cancan bebe divideddivided variousvarious categoriescategories ofof serviceservice providersproviders publishedpublished byby NLR.NLR. TheThe cataloguecatalogue intintoo threthreee parts.parts. (e.g.,(e.g., smallsmall shopkeepers,shopkeepers, cooks,cooks, etc.),etc.), providesprovides anan alphabeticalalphabetical listlist ooff anandd paipaidd littlelittle attentionattention toto thethe "class"class newspapers'newspapers' indexesindexes ofof personalpersonal namesnames ThThee first,first, andand largest,largest, partpart containscontains 405405 strugglestruggle"" oror ththee glorificationglorification ofof thethe anandd placeplacess ooff publicationpublication.. ItIt isis availableavailable WhitWhitee MovementMovement newspapersnewspapers.. ThisThis is powerpower ofof ththee People'sPeople's Commissars;Commissars; inin togethertogether withwith thethe microfichemicrofiche collection.collection. thethe periodicperiodic presspress ofof differentdifferent WhiteWhite factfact,, thetheyy simplysimply ignoredignored thisthis power.power. GuarGuardd governments,governments, alongalong withwith presspress ResearcherResearcherss whwhoo areare interestedinterested inin thethe itemsitems frofromm variouvariouss militarmilitaryy andand civiccivic ThThee thirdthird,, andand smallest,smallest, partpart (six(six titles)titles) regionalregional spreadspread ofof thethe newspapersnewspapers cancan organsorgans,, establishmentsestablishments andand organizationsorganizations comprisecomprisess émigrémigréé newspapernewspaperss publishepublishedd gegett thithiss informatioinformationn frofromm ththee regionaregionall ofof anti-sovietanti-soviet orientation.orientation. AlsoAlso inin thisthis bbyy RussiansRussians inin Harbin,Harbin, China.China. subdivisionsubdivisionss ofof thethe newspapersnewspapers inin thethe categorycategory areare mostmost newspapersnewspapers publishedpublished collectioncollection,, whichwhich groupsgroups newspapersnewspapers inin ththee territoriesterritories thatthat werewere controlledcontrolled byby ProvenancProvenancee territoriallterritoriallyy (i.e.,(i.e., thosethose publishedpublished inin WhitWhitee MovementMovement governments.governments. SuchSuch ThThee historhistoryy ofof thisthis collectioncollection isis southersouthernn RussiaRussia,, Siberia,Siberia, etc.).etc.). ThisThis listlist newspapers,newspapers, whichwhich onon thethe wholewhole werewere coimectedconnected witwithh thethe namename ofof N.V.N.V. isis availableavailable onon thethe IDCIDC websitewebsite eithereither neutralneutral toto thethe WhiteWhite governmentsgovernments Iakovlevlakovlev (1891-1981),(1891-1981), aa well-knownwell-known (www.idc.nl)(www.idc.nl).. oror showedshowed somesome respectrespect forfor them,them, werewere literaryliterary scholarscholar andand aa participantparticipant inin delegatedelegatedd ttoo ththee carecare ofof thethe specialspecial S.A.S.A. Vengerov'sVengerov's PushkinPushkin Seminar.Seminar. InIn ThThee NationaNationall LibrarLibraryy ofof RussiaRussia depositorydepository forfor thethe simplesimple reasonreason ofof 1919,1919, ththee RussiaRussiann (Omsk)(Omsk) govermuentgovernment TheThe NationaNationall LibraryLibrary ofof RussiaRussia St.St. havinghaving beenbeen publishedpublished inin thethe territoriesterritories ofof AA.. KolchakKolchak createdcreated thethe TemporaryTemporary PetersburPetersburgg (www.nlr.ru)(www.nlr.ru) isis oneone ofof thethe controllecontrolledd bbyy thethe Whites.Whites. PracticallyPractically allall BureauBureau ofof thethe BookBook ChamberChamber andand world'world'ss largestlargest libraries:libraries: itsits collectioncollection thethe newspapersnewspapers ofof thethe WhiteWhite MovementMovement appointedappointed Iakovlevlakovlev asas itsits director.director. InIn numbernumberss mormoree thathann 32.832.8 millionmillion items,items, 6 governmentsgovernments areare representedrepresented inin thethe NLRNLR Omsk,Omsk, onon AugusAugustt 1,1, 1919,1919, Iakovlevlakovlev milliomillionn ofof whicwhichh areare writtewrittenn inin a foreigforeignn collection.collection. calledcalled forfor peoplpeoplee ttoo collectcollect andand preservpreservee language.language. ThThee librarlibraryy possessepossessess ononee ooff anyany andand allall printedprinted material,material, "since"since thethe ththee largestlargest collectionscollections ofof WhiteWhite ThThee secondsecond part,part, thoughthough smallersmaller eventsevents wewe areare livingliving througthroughh havehave world-world- MovemenMovementt materialsmaterials.. UntilUntil recentlyrecently,, (28(2877 titles)titles),, isis alsoalso ofof extremeextreme widewide significance."significance." TheThe resultresult isis thethe thesthesee newspapernewspaperss werewere sealedsealed inin a importanceimportance:: itit comprisescomprises thethe newspapersnewspapers world'sworld's largestlargest collectioncollection ofof regionalregional specialspecial depositorydepository atat thethe NLRNLR andand werewere thatthat werewere publishedpublished inin thethe territoriesterritories WhiteWhite MovementMovement newspapersnewspapers andand unavailablunavailablee toto researchers.researchers. UntilUntil now,now, controllecontrolledd bbyy ththee SovietsSoviets butbut whichwhich werewere leafletsleaflets.. IInn 1920,1920, ththee collectiocollectionn waswas neitheneitherr facsimilfacsimilee nonorr ananyy otheotherr typtypee ooff opposeopposedd ttoo thethe "Bolshevik"Bolshevik cornniissarscommissars takentaken ttoo PetrograPetrogradd andand handehandedd overover ttoo reproductioreproductionn ofof thesethese newspapersnewspapers hashas state,state,"" thoughthough somesome ofof themthem supportesupportedd thethe custodycustody ooff ththee PetrograPetrogradd BookBook beenbeen attempted.attempted. thethe ideaidea ofof keepingkeeping thethe SovietsSoviets "without"without Chamber.Chamber. When,When, laterlater inin thethe same year,year, thethe capitalcapital waswas movedmoved toto MoscowMoscow , ththee GeneralGeneral informatioinformationn TitlesTitles peperr regionregion ScopScopee 494933 titlestitles ForFor partpart 11 a titletitle listslists byby regionregion isis availablavailablee atat www,idc.n!www.idc.nl oorr cancan bebe NumberNumber ofof reelsreels 9191 requestedrequested inin printedprinted formform byby writingwriting toto SizSizee oofreelf reel 35mm.35mm. [email protected]@idc.nl

FilmFilm typetype PositivePositive silversilver halidehalide RegioRegionn NumberNumber InternaInternall TitleTitle frameframe onon everyevery reelreel ooff titletitless findinfindingg aidaidss I.I. SiberiaSiberia,, Trans-BaikalTrans-Baikal 253253 Area, Far East ExternalExternal Nesovetskie gazetygazely 1918-1922. Katalog sobraniia RossiiskoiRossiiskoi Area, Far East fmdingfinding aidsaids natsional'noi biblioteki.biblioteki. Sankt-Peterburg:Sankt-Peterburg: RossiiskaiaRossiiskaia IIII.. VolgaVolga Area,Area, TheThe UralsUrals 9966 natsional'naianatsional'naia bibliotekabiblioteka,, 2003.2003. IIIIII.. SouthernSouthern Russia,Russia, DonDon 3366 AreAreaa IV.IV. UkraineUkraine 4455 V.V. NorthernNorthern andand North-North- 1155 TitleTitle listlist WesternWestern RussiaRussia TheThe titletitle listlist cancan bebe downloadeddownloaded fromfrom www.idc.nlwww.idc.nl VI.VI. CaucasusCaucasus andand Trans-Trans- 1144 IIff yoyouu prefepreferr a printeprintedd titltitlee listlist,, pleaspleasee contaccontactt [email protected]@idc.nll CaucasuCaucasuss AreaArea

Publisher'Publisher'ss notenote

ThThee physicaphysicall statestate ooff thethe anti-sovietanti-soviet materialmaterialss isis tragic:tragic: allall ofof themthem areare slowlyslowly anandd irrevocablyirrevocably deteriorating.deteriorating. NewsprintNewsprint whichwhich isis generallygenerally aa short-lived substancesubstance isis eveneven mormoree soso inin thethe casecase ofof newspapersnewspapers ofof thethe CivilCivil WarWar periodperiod duedue toto thethe extremelyextremely lowlow qualityquality ofof ththee materialmaterial usedused then.then. ItIt isis visiblyvisibly "dyin"dyingg out"out":: firstfirst thertheree appearappear browbrownn spotspotss onon ththee surfacesurface,, thethenn ththee paperpaper startsstarts crumbling,crumbling, thethe texttext growsgrows dimdim especiallyespecially atat thethe bends,bends, thethe leadenleaden printprint spillsspills out.out.

TheThe expertsexperts — - IDIDCC photographerphotographerss —- usedused utmostutmost cautioncaution employingemploying pincerspincers toto assembleassemble individualscrapsindividual scraps intointo comprehensivecomprehensive wholewhole toto getget itit photographed.photographed. ItIt seemsseems nownow thatthat thethe onlyonly wayway toto preservepreserve thesethese pricelesspriceless sourcesourcess foforr futurefuture generationgenerationss isis toto getget themthem microfilmedmicrofilmed..

H IDC PUBLISHPUBLISHERERSS