T H E 'MA N U A L O F H ER A L DR Y

A C O N C I S E D E S C R I P T I O N O F T H E E E TE U E D A N D C T G S V RAL RM S S , ON AININ A D ICT IONARY O F E V E RY D E SI G NAT ION IN T H E S C I E N C E

EDITED B Y

R N I R T F A C S . N S A W. 'G , . ROTHESAY H ERALD

N EW A N D R EV S ED ED T O N W TH I I I , I THREE HU N DR ED A N D FIFTY ILLU STRATIO N S

E D IN B U R G H : 'O H N G R A N T

1 E E D G E 3 G O R G I V . B R I 1 9 1 4

P R E F A C E

TH E great re v ival which has take n place in the study and

re n e n e e r r and the e and app ciat io of the Sci c of H ald y, wid r

r n l e nt n e e t now t e n in n e mo e i tel ig i t r s ak armory, has i duc d t he publisher to issue a new and revised editio n of this

work . This Opportu nity has been taken to e nlarge and improve

the n e r Te and Dictio ary of H aldic rms, to cut out much of the repetition which was co ntaine d in the ope ning chap n Th S d ters of the previous editio s . e pace thus gai ne has

in the been used to give a larger and, light of modern n research , more correct view of the Origi of Arms, and to add chapters on the Law and Right to Arms and on the Ex H eraldic ecutive . The chapter formerly give n on Precede nce has be en e ntirely supersede d by i ns e rting the table s now in use in

E n and n and n ngla d in Scotla d, the whole book has bee so e and e n w revis d r written as to form practically a e work . Though in the past the science has suff ered much from the absurd and pedantic origins assig ned not o nly to it nt but to the armorial achieveme s of various families, its use as an aid to historical research has bee n long proved n t and recognised . How ofte has the da e of the foundation of some ancient castle or abbey been discovered or a

t nt the n n and por rait ide ified from armorial beari gs thereo , an t nt n many impor a point in ge ealogy elucidated, by the charges bor ne by t he individual members of the family

e x n n n plai i g their matrimonial alliances, their positio as e cad ts, or even the origin of the house itself. v 4 1 8 3 6 8 P reface

Although in the small compass of this volume it has n ot bee n fou n d practicabl e to e nt e r i nto an e laborate c ritici sm of the various a rms use d by differen t families in the n te n m E t e e Ma nu al U i d Ki gdo , the di or b li ves that this will b e fo u nd of service to the stude nt as we ll as to the ge neral reader who de sire s to acquire some correct knowl edge of “ ' What has been ju stly called The Shorthan d of History .

The E t n e e Mr nst n er di or is i d bt d to Graham Joh o , H ald n e in the n f e the t r e e l u str t n the Pai t r Lyo O fic , for h i l a io s of

o r s e e 1 1 and 1 . r yal a m which app ar at pag s 3 5 , 3 7 , 3 9 CON TE N TS

C HAP TE R I ORIGIN OF C OATS OF AR M S

C HAP TE R II TH E RIGHT To AR M S

C HAP TE R III THE H ER A L D Ic EXECUTIVE

C HAP TE R IV

A D M ETC. T U S. F U R s. R M S OF O INION , INCT RE

C HA P TE R V

E . LIN ES USED IN PARTIN G TH E F I ELD . DIFFER ENC S E'TERNAL ORNAMENTS OF THE SHI ELD

C HA PTE R VI MARSHALLING C HARGES ON ESCUTCHEONS BY THE RULES OF HERALDRY Conte nts

CHAP TE R VII O R DER OF PRECE DENCY

D ICTIONARY OF HERALDIC TER M S

CHAP TE R VI II

H ER A L DR v U . TH E ROYAL AR M S . NION 'ACK IN W S CONNECTION ITH HI TORY, ARCHITECTURE,

D C S ETC . INTERIOR ECORATION , O TU M E,

VIII MAN U AL OF HER A LDR Y

CHAPTER I ORIGIN O F COATS O F AR M S HERALDRY is the science which teaches us how to blazon or describe in proper terms armorial bearings and their accessories . Modern writers have long discarded the fabulous origin attributed by m e di aeval authors to the assumption of arms . We n ow no longer put forward as ge nuine such arms as

a Eve those alleged to belong to Ad m and , Noah , Judas e n te en t o Maccab us, Po tius Pila , or ev those attributed — mythical British kings and Anglo Saxon monarchs before the Norman Conquest . the In these earlier works on heraldry, science has ' suflered much from the foolish and pedantic attempts made by the writers to attribute its origin to the Greeks and n an d e e n fi nd Roma s , v to traces of it in Scripture in the marks or standards of the tribes of the Children of n Israel . It may safely be stated that its i ntroductio was

in the e n coeval with the use of armour Middle Ag s, whe it became n ece ssary for men to be able to recognise each ’ T it other as friend or foe in the mé/ee of the battl e . hus came that warriors adorned their shie lds with marks to

t n e dis i guish each oth r, and decorated the top of their helmets with crests . ' ‘ Manual O f H e raldry

the e e t e s e e r From arli st im , how v r, va ious symbols, e mble m s and device s were use d on th ei r standards and s e s n e n n t n s the ee hi ld by a ci t a io , such as Gr ks and n e e e e t n and Roma s, whose shi lds w re d corat d wi h a imals oth er objects ; and at a later date we have such e nsign s as the te r e the xon e n N whi ho s of Sa s, the rav of the orse

, n the n n and e s On the viki gs, lio of the Norma s, the devic shields of the k nights d epicte d in the r epre se ntation of the

T e e n n e t n n t he e x T . Norma Co qu s , k ow as Bay u apestry h s e e ere e e n ot e e t in e re mbl ms w , how v r, h r di ary famili s, we

n e t e n e e and t e e e nn cha g d by h ir ow ers at pl asur , h r for ca ot be h e ld to have bee n h eraldic in our modern s e n se of the

r n t o n wo d . Similar customs are to be fou d this day amo g

e e the and in the t e such p opl as Japanese, to ms of the Red n I ndia s and the now exti nct Aztecs in North America . ' r z in 7 72 6 . . e R ou e C o x Mr J R Planch ( g ) his book, ' P u r suz w nt o A r ms e e e t the n f , cl arly stablish s hat at Norma t use r r n s te n n n Conques the of a mo ial beari g was qui u k ow , and that heraldry appear s as a sci enc e at t he beginni ng of the e e n ent t r n e thirt th c ury, al hough a ms had u doubt dly

e n n s Th e n b e bor e for ome tim e previous . e evid ce both O f chronicl ers and artist s dire ctly disprove s any sci e nce or p ractice be ing in e xiste nce at the time of the first and n s eco d Crusades . It is a curious circumstance that our earlie st and best

e n exampl s of heraldry should be due to lack of learni g . But for the fact that f ew p ersons were able to write and had to auth e nticate al l deeds and transactions the y entered

t now on wi h their seals, we should not have these records

h e n of the e arlier armorial e nsigns . T e practice of s ali g

t En n E the n e s da es in gla d from the time of dward Co f sor, when the au the ntication of docume nts by t his m ean s was

r no e an i ntroduced . These s eals were o iginally t h raldic, d 2 Origin of Coats of Arms

n i e e n e tc. bore var ous desig s, such as qu stria figures, , which in tu rn becam e decorated with armorial beari ngs as heraldry cam e i nto vogue . The n e xt authority regardi ng the early arms of the n English nobles and k ights is the various rolls or armorials . ’ e in the preserved in the Heralds Coll ge, British Museum and in The and other public libraries, private hands . n earliest of these rolls, which are usually lo g narrow strips of parchment containing a full descriptio n of the arms of n nd 1 2 0 in the obles a gentlemen , is dated about 4 , and is n the custody of the College of Arms . O e of these written in in - n the verse and Norman French , know as Roll of arl verock n n n n C a , co tai s a list of the pri ces, nobles, baro ets , w ’ and knights who formed part of Ed ard I . s army at the in in siege and capture of that castle Dumfriesshire, the

1 0 0 and n nn year 3 , gives a minute descriptio of their ba ers T . n and armorial ensigns his roll has bee twice published , first by Sir Harris Nicolas in 1 828 and again by Thomas 1 86 1 T S w Wright in . hese records ho that by that time heraldry had been reduced to a system . Amongst the most valuable records of arms now extant are the visitations made throughout England by various

n n 1 0 n heralds duri g a period commenci g in 5 3 , and endi g 1 1 68 T n ot n n with that dated 3 th May 6. hese o ly contai the armorial bearings , but give detailed pedigrees of the various families . The most ancient roll of Scottish arms now existing is in G el re r that contained the Armorial of Herald, prese ved and x e in the Royal Library at Brussels , e ecut d about the 1 0 n - year 3 7 , which gives the arms of the Ki g and forty one coats of Scot tish nobles . Another early roll is that of r K in the Gilles de Bouvier, Ber y ing of Arms, preserved n n National Library at Paris , which co tai s amongst others Manual of Heraldry

T 1 2 2 Scottish coats . hese two rolls have been repr oduc e d '

. . t o n Seottz s/z A r ms and by Mr R R S odart in his book , the former more correctly by Sir Archibald Dunbar in a r n paper on the subject p i ted in the P r oceedings of . f il e

’ ' Societ o A nit uar zes o Scotl and 1 8 0- 1 y f q f , 9 9 . n n It is, however, to Sir David Li dsay of the Mou t, Lyon n n e e r t f Ki g of Arms, we are i d bted for the a lies o ficial e the e r 1 2 Register of Scottish Arms, compil d about y a 5 4 , ’ in h s r s and at pre se nt preserved t e Advocate Lib ary . Thi ee n e r in r t in 1 8 2 2 has b twice r p oduced facsimile , fi s by

n n n in 1 8 8 Dr a d . David Lai g, seco dly 7 In the thirte e nth century the practice of embroideri ng a rmorial e nsign s o n the surcoat wo rn over a coat of mail “ ' x gave rise to the e pressio n coat of a rms . It was at this time t hat h eral dry was t o b e se en at its best but by the e nd of the fourt ee nth ce ntu ry the t rue

had t o b e and origin of arms begun obscured , ridiculous and fantastic fables were i nvented to account for the various

and r t n the n charges, to t ace their adop io to commemoratio of supposed adve nture s and exploits of the a nce stors of

r n n r the owners th e e of. From havi g o ly simple cha ge s o n e e n e o t the scutch o , the sam was gradually cr wded wi h

n r n additional obj e cts a d eve n pictorial eprese tatio ns . By the eightee nth century it pr obably reache d its lowest dept h in

n 1 6 r n England . I 7 0 a g a t of arms was made to a family n T n n n e e e amed etlow, in Li col shire, which i clud d , b sid s n e r e t e e nn thirtee oth r charges, a book cha g d wi h a silv r p y, ’ U n r tt n the r er e t po which was w i e Lo d s Pray , to comm mora e the fact that one of the family had accomplishe d that feat

- t en . t e x t five wi h a quill p O h r e amples, such as the for y ’ e t n t e e n er feet refl c i g el scop of Sir Joh H schel s arms, might b e te b ut t the r t e n e t in t h quo d, , wi h p esen r vival of i ter s e sci e nce which began in the latter half of the nineteenth Origin of Coats of Arms

nt it b e e d t e t n are now ce ury, is to hop hat such d grada io s a ’ n t he t t e r e n r nt the e r t hi g of pas , hough som ec t g a s of H alds

College , such as that to Lord Kitchener, leave much to be

desi red . In n Scotla d , where the number of families is compara

tivel e the n n the e w t y limit d , ecessity of chargi g shi ld i h a t n e and the mul itude of objects has ever been r quired , d ebaseme nt of the scie nce fo rtu nately did n ot exte nd to

the e x nt r t n e r are same te , a ci cums a c for which pe haps we

n r n and i debted to our great w iters, Sir George Macke zie e x n e Al a der Nisbet, who did much to restore h raldry to a n s nn n sou d hi torical basis . Still , at the begi i g of last n n n n e ce tury duri g the Peni sula War, several coats gra t d n n e n n n e contai ed augme tations r prese ti g battle sce es, m dals, a n one decorations nd other u h eraldic objects . Probably of

t re in 1 8 1 2 Mr n r the mos curious is that corded for a Bo a , d ex t which has , on a chief a ter hand proper, vested wi h a

t r n x shir sleeve of the fi st, issui g from the de ter chief point,

n holding a shoulde r of mutton to a lio passant or . Heraldry do e s n ot seem to have reached the Highlands

t xt e of Sco land before the si eenth century, and a syst m of bearing arms prevailed the re which was not o nly crude but n bore n o reference to the accepted laws of armory . Ma y of the arms of the various chiefs and ge ntlemen have quarteri ngs which are in no way i ndicative of descent or

n e the n n te r t e allia c , arra geme t of the quar s being of en vari d

n t d f n t e fe n r n to i dica e if ere ces be w en dif re t clans, ce tai charges such as the lymphad or galley being common to

th s nearly all those of e We t Coast and Islands . CHAPTER II TH E RIGHT TO AR M S

IT is probable that arms were in early times assumed by the n and nt e n r own n not various obles ge l me at thei ha d, “ to symbolise (says Mr Planche) any virtue or qualificatio n t n e r n and r t e but simply to dis i guish th ir pe so s p oper i s, to

t n n rt n n and t display their pre e sio s to ce ai ho ours es ates, ' n n e n attest their allia ces or ack owledge their f udal te ure s . The charges adopte d were those that if possible held some resemblance e ither in sou nd or form to the name of the

re . n o n and bearer the of As time we t arms multiplied , disputes arose betwee n various person s as to their respective

r r e and e e r r rights to va ious cha g s, th ir claims wer efer ed to

the n n n n the arbitration of Ki g as the fou tai of all ho our. As early as 1 3 85 the celebrat e d case of Scrope ver s us t o n Grosvenor as the right to bear the arms, azure a be d or, e in n was d cided favour of the former by Ki g Richard II . n in perso . It havi ng become necessary that some authority should

e n e e r be established to regulat the weari g of arms, to pr s ve a record of the rights of families to the same, to assig n armorial e nsigns to such person s as should be co nsidered worthy to bear such and to preve nt the u nwarrantabl e

r assumption of the same, King Richa d III . by Royal Charter in 1 483 i ncorporate d the COLLEGE OF AR M S or ’ S E e xe e r e t he u se HERALD COLLEG , which rcis s cont ol ov r of nd n n r armorial hearings in Engla . Similar fu ctio s a e dis 6 The R ight to Arms

e in t n the the r n and charg d Sco la d by Court of Lo d Lyo , in Ireland by the Office of Arms . No arms are of any l egal authority or are of any value unl e ss th ey are re corde d in one of th e se offi ce s . In England the Coll ege of Arms is pre side d over by the E and r can b e e e x t on arl Marshal , no grant of a ms mad cep e e te r n e x orro a warrant dir ct d by him to Gar , Clare c u , or N y n the r r ee o n Ki gs of Arms as case may be , which wa rant p oc ds n one the fi r a petitio made to him through of of ce s of arms .

h e n nt n n s f T e fe s of such a gra t amou , i cludi g a tamp duty o

1 0 6 I O S. and er are n e the f e e £ , to £ 7 , , if support s i clud d T is co nsiderably highe r . hese Charge s do not i nclude the fees i ncurred to the officer of arms by whom the applicatio n n n has b een co nducted for searches a d p erso al troubl e . TH E COURT OF THE LORD LYON in Scotland is o ne of e n and n r the judicatur s of that cou try, all applicatio s th e e in are co nduct e d in the forms comm o n to other courts of

The e e e n n n it s law . pr cis dat of its origi is not k ow , but jurisdiction and the use of armorial beari ngs are laid down and e e r n the st regulat d by a seri s of Acts of Pa liame t, mo 6 n 1 2 . 1 2 1 2 . importa t of which are those of 5 9 , cap 5 ; 7 , cap

nd 0 . 1 1 86 . In e e 4 7 ; a 3 Victoria, cap 7 , 7 this r sp ct armorial n E law in Scotla d differs from that of ngland . Petition s to the Lord Lyo n for a gran t of arm s by a noous fi omo n e e , for matriculatio by a cad t of a family whos arms are already re corded or for registratio n of arms born e

’ e 1 6 2 by o ne s ancestors be fore the y ar 7 , in terms of the

e t n statute of that y ar, may be signed by the peti io er or his t et the nt counse l or age nt . Wi h his p ition applica will produce t he e vide nce on which he re li e s to Support his

re and and e r the t n se pe dig e claim , wh the applica io is oppo d

e e . L n e n s e or not, he must prov his cas yo th i su s his judgme nt or i nterlocutor authorisi ng the Lyo n cl erk to ( I) Manual o f Heraldry

n the n n i prepare Letters Pate t in favour of petitio er, gra t ng him the Ensig ns Armorial the re i n me ntio ned ; or ( 2 ) in ’ t he e t e the n e cas of a cadet, to matricula a c stor s arms of new with the proper differe nce in the P ublic Register of T c n n All Arms and Bearings in Scotland . hese arms a o ly be borne by the grantee and his e ldest son or h e ir male in perpetuity ; all you nger son s must by the statutes above

n t t f e n men tio ed ma riculate of new wi h their proper difer ces, in ntr n t n En e co adisti c io to the glish practice, wh re cadets add their marks of cade ncy at th e ir own hand . The various modes of differe ncing in England and Scotland are Th described at pages 2 4 and 2 6 . e fe es for a patent of

1 0s . and n arms amount to about £44, , for a matriculatio

1 6 1 2 5 . 6d . S n in about £ , If upporters are i cluded the

A n e grant the charge s are somewhat higher . app al from a judgment of the Lord Lyon will lie to the I nner House of the Court of Session o n a questio n of legal right to a special t n n coat of arms , but not on a ques io of ti ctures or charges . In Ireland arms are grante d by Ulster without the neces sit y of presenting a formal petition . It is also competent to obtain a co nfirmatio n of arms if it can be proved the

e n e er o e 1 00 same have be us d for a p i d of at l ast years, and e e e n n the pedigree establish d for at least thr ge eratio s .

T e e e his is not, how ver, issu d as a matter of l gal right but e and the b e fe n of grac , arms will dif re ce d to a certai n e x l h ’ tent from those previous y used . T e fe e s in Ul ster s f r n n O fice are £44 for a g a t of arms, £5 9 with a gra t of and 1 6 n n r supporters, £ for co firmatio of a ms . The Lyo n Office in Scotla nd and the Office of Arms in e n f n e n an Ir la d are o fices u d r the Crow , d all fees drawn

t e e are e t o H . M. T e in e s h r paid ov r r asury , which r pect ’ e fe o the r e e in n n th y dif r fr m He alds Coll g Lo do , whose t r n revenues are the proper y of the Co poratio . 8 The R ight to Arms

The improper and ill egal assumption of arms was prohibited in England from at least the reign of King n n the Henry V . by a proclamatio of that mo arch , but in English Court of Chivalry, which had jurisdiction n n n questio s of armorial assumptio , bei g practically in n abeyance, it has bee doubted how far the Courts of Chancery or Common Law have jurisdictio n to preve nt n x the wro ngful use of arms . In Scotla d it is e pressly f n 1 2 made a statutory of e ce by the Act of Parliament of 5 9 , n n in pu ishable by fine a d certain cases by imprisonment, and the co nfiscation to the Exchequer of all articl e s o n n which the arms may have been placed . This Act has bee r - n e enact e d from t ime to time , and duri g the eighteenth T century numerous prosecutions took place . hough perhaps duri ng last c e ntury it has not been so rigorously

e n n forced, the law has bee repeatedly put in force to stop t r in the erection of ficti ious coats of a ms public places , ‘ MEwan E n such as Glasgow Cathedral , Hall in di burgh ,

. and n the T e t n etc quite rece tly r asury, ac i g on the advice

e n of the Lord Advocat , authorised the prosecutio of the magistrate s of a Scottish Royal Burgh who were using unrecorded arms . The jurisdiction of the various offices is regulated by the

the and n ot real domicile of applicant, by his temporary n e T reside c in one or other country . his rule, however, does not apply to cadets of families whose arms are on

in n who n n e record Scotla d, otwithstandi g th ir place of

it n n residence, even though be in a foreig cou try, will

h e matriculate t eir arms in the Lyon Register . P rsons residing in British colo nies or temporarily in foreig n cou ntri e s will apply to the offi ce of the cou ntry of th e ir or ’ their a ncestor s o rigi n ; but arms will not be gra nted to i persons who are not Br tish subjects . 9 CHAPTER III

TH E H E RALDIC EXE CUTIVE

TH E office of H e rald is of more ancie nt o rigi n than the

h s use n en e he n e re i e . of arms, upo which sci c has co f r d nam In all civili sed nation s h eralds were employe d at a very early date as messenge rs of peac e or war from the sovereign of one state to another ; in the time of chivalry as the

n n nt and in m n e arra gers of tour ame s, ore moder tim s as

the er nt n n n r n n sup i e de ts of processio s, co o atio s, state

n e e n e n fu erals and oth r public cer mo i s, and maki g royal proclamations ; when it be came ne cessary to regulate the u se of arms they were the office rs to whom the Ki ng

x del egated his authority in these matters . The y e iste d in

r n most European state s by the fiftee nth c e ntu y . I France the heralds we re form e d i nto an i ncorporatio n by Ki ng

in 6 n n . r e . 1 0 a e Cha l s VI 4 , u der a ki g of rms call d

n and n e t en e and ursui Mou tjoy, u der him wer h ralds p n In En n t h ffi e x an va ts . gla d al hough t e o ce isted from early

e the p riod, it would appear from fact that no herald or pursuivant is mentioned as taki ng part in the case of Scrope ver sus n in 1 8 e Grosve or 3 5 before ref rred to , that at that time they had n ot been e ntruste d with any jurisdictio n in

t The f n A rms w ma ters armorial . o fice of rter Ki g of as Ga l n f or t n e n i stituted the service of hat order by Ki g H ry V . in 1 1 in e d the t e 4 7 , place of Windsor H ral , by whom du i s re e and on th n 1 2 0 we re p viously p rformed , s Ja uary 4 f William Bruges was appoi nt ed to the o fice . By this time 1 0

Manu al of Heraldry

’ at n e r e V . s F itz al an an d n r n P ursui and Ki g G o g , Car a vo T f er are nt vants . hese o fic s absorbed i o the ordi nary e stab

n n r l ishme t as vaca ci es occu . The Scottish officers of arms formed an important part

and e in n n o n the of the Royal Household, w re atte da ce n num r Ki ng on all occasio s of state . Besides the duties e e te r in n n a d above, they we e employed accompa yi g embassies

n n r n r abroad, maki g royal proclamatio th oughout the cou t y, carryi ng important m es sag e s of state be twee n the Ki ng an d his s e t and n e n n ubj c s, a summo s for tr aso could o ly be n serve d by a herald or pursuiva t .

r 1 6 n n P itt oll och As ea ly as 3 4 me tio is made of William , e and in 1 6 in re e er o in H rald ; 3 5 , the G at S al Regist , of J l Tru our r e u rsui p , Car ick Herald (probably a mistak for p

r in 1 and t en r n . n e va t) Lyo He ald appears 3 7 7 , y a s

e n n . e e f e lat r as Lyo Ki g of Heralds Roth say H rald, o fic r h n n n n in 1 0 1 of t e Pri ce of Scotla d, is first me tio ed 4 ; nt e n n n Marchmo , a title deriv d from Marchmo t, the a cie t n e t he t e Of x in 1 4 6 ; n n am of Royal Cas l Ro burgh , 3 S owdou , n in 1 8 e r , 4 ; n d rived f om a part of Stirli g Castle 4 Alba y, ’ r k n t e one the n s n f om the Du e of Alba y, a ti l of of Ki g s o s, in 1 1 r n in 45 (he is called pu suiva t, however, Ross, E in 1 and I from the Royal arldom of the same, 4 7 4 slay, r r the n in 1 4 . f om isla d of that name, 93 Other he alds are 1 8 and al so fou nd from time to time, such as Ireland in 49

Ork ney in 1 5 8 1 . the r C n who Of pu suivants, arrick, Pursuivant of the Pri ce, E r e in the e 1 6 n n in was a l ofCarrick , app ars first y ar 3 5 ; U icor 1 4 2 6 ; A l isz aiin 1 4 2 6 ; Dragance in I 4 2 9 ’Dilige nce in 1 4 7 2 ; , n 1 t and r n in 1 88 Di gwall in 4 7 9 ; Mon rose, Bute O mo d 4 ; Falkla nd in 1 493 ; Ireland and Ki ntyre in 1 495 ; March in “ 1 and Ettr retendit in 1 1 . 1 5 5 ; ick , p pursuivant , 5 7 The numbe r of heralds and pursuivants becam e fixed at 1 2 The Heraldic E xecutive

I n he re n n e s V . a d nt n six of each by t ig of Ki g Jam , co i ued at thi s numbe r t ill by t he A ct o f 1 86 7 t h ei r n umb e rs we re e t o t e n e s rre g radually re duc d hr e of each as vaca ci occu d .

The n ow in use s t and b n f o r titles are Ro s, Ro hesay, Al a y n and t he the heralds ; and March, U icorn , Carrick for pursuiva nts . The Offi c e of Arms in Ireland is presided over by Ulster h e 1 2 s an f n t e . n King of Arm , o fice dati g from y ar 5 5 U der s n n t n him is a pur uiva t amed A hlo e, who also acts as r e are tw o e r Registrar of A ms . Th re h alds attached to the

er St tr e n an d r . Ord of Pa ick , call d Dubli Co k e n and st e e n s Gart r, Lyo , Ul er are r spectiv ly Ki gs of Arm e r te T st e an d St t b ut of the Ord s of the Gar r, hi l , Pa rick ; e n t r e re te in ther are also Bath, Ki g of Arms of hat o d r, c a d 1 2 n r s t e 7 5 , and a Ki g of A m , wi hout title , of the Ord r of St Michae l and St Georg e . In En l n the n and n g a d ki gs of arms, heralds, pursuiva ts

nt t he n and in t an n and are appoi ed by Crow , Sco l d Lyo Lyo n clerk are Similarly appoi nted ; but the heralds and n r n pursuiva ts rec e ived th e ir commissions f om Lyo . The f re an ffi e e d o ficial d ss of o c r of arms is call d a tabar ,

r n the r t which is a su coat beari g Royal Arms on the f on , n T n a d e e . back, sl ev s hat of a ki g of arms is made of e t n and v lvet, of a herald of sa i , of a pursuivant of flowered d amaskl silk A n n r n . t coronatio s a ki g of arms wea s a crow

l n e r of go d formed of aca thus l aves rising out ofa ci clet, upon

n t n e r n e n u which is this i scrip io , Mis re e mei Domi us s cu d m miserecord iam he n in n tuam but on o t r occasio s, commo

f e re n with the other o fic rs of arms, a black velvet cap whe o

e n e w t is embroid red a rose, thistle, or shamrock, e sign d i h

r n n t n r a royal crown acco ding to atio ali y, Ki gs of a ms e e SS r e n and h ralds have furth r a collar of , the fo mer b i g

and the of gold latter of silve r . 1 3 Manual of Heraldry

While o n the Co nti ne n t t here does not e xist any institu n the e r t t in n r t e tio similar to h aldic au hori ies this cou t y, h re

in e n tr el and n is G rma y, Aus ia, Russia , B gium , Holla d, t a e hrough the various ch nceries of the ord rs of knighthood, n In a direct supervisio of arms . Norway and Sweden , e e n n wher titl s of obility have bee abolished, armorial ensigns are still regulated in the sam e manner ; but in republics such as France and the Un ited State s the re is e no supervision in those matters . P rsons in the British Colo nies will apply for grants or matriculation of arms to n n the authority of the cou try of their origi . There is an extraordi nary popular delusion exemplified

in r on the stage and pictures that a herald car ies a trumpet, n f which he sou nds before proclaimi g . It is di ficult to

n n i i in u dersta d how this arose, but probably it had its or g n the fact that on certai n occasions he was accompanied by a n f n Royal Trumpeter a d the o fices were co fused . In the times of chivalry many of the great nobles had heralds and pursuivants attached to their household whose ’ r t su coa s bore their lords arms, but their duties were not

armorial .

1 4 CHAPTER IV

MS S O AR OF DO M INION, PRETEN I N , CONCESSION , CO M M UNITY, PATRONAGE, FA M ILY, E SS ALLIANC , AND SUCCE ION

A r ms of D ominion or Sover eignty are properly the arms

n the e e rn of the ki gs or sovereigns of territories th y gov , T which are also re garded as the arms of the State . hus the Lion s of England and the Russian Eagle are the arms n E n and Em r of the Ki gs of ngla d the pero s of Russia, and n cannot prope rly be altered by a change of dy asty . A r ms o P r etension e n n e f are thos of ki gdoms, provi c s, or

t e n has e and terri ori s to which a pri ce or lord som claim ,

own n e which he adds to his , though the ki gdoms or t rri tories are gove rn e d by a foreign king or lord : thus the Kings of England for many ag e s quarte re d the arms of France in the ir escutcheon as the d esce ndants of Edward

. e n m in his III , who claim d that ki gdo , right of mother, a

e n n Fr ch pri cess . A r ms of Concession are arms granted by sove reigns as

e x e . the reward of virtue, valour, or traordinary s rvice All arms granted to subjects we re originally conceded by the

Sovereign . A r ms o Communit t f y are those of bishoprics , ci ies,

n e e and te e . u iversities , acad mies, societi s, corpora bodi s

A r ms o P a tr ona e ar s e rn s n e f g e uch as gov or of provi c s,

n e tc . t o t e lords of ma ors, , add h ir family arms as a token of t and their superiori y, right, jurisdiction . IS Manu al of Heraldry

A r ms o F amil f y, or paternal arms, are such as are heredi

and n one h ne tary belo g to particular family, w ich no oth ers

t o e can e have a right assum , nor th y do so without render ing themselve s guilty of a breach of the laws of ho n our

n the E and n pu ishable by arl Marshal the Ki gs at Arms . m l A r s of A l iance are those gaine d by marriage . A r ms of Succession are such as are take n up by those who inherit certain estates by bequest, entail , or donation . A r ms of Afi ection are such as have be e n assumed out of

t e e e n gra itude to a ben factor, being quarter d with the pat r al n arms . A example of t his will be found in the coat of

E w e e E Boyle, arl of Glasgo , who b ars the arms of Boyl , arl n t of Burli gton , quar erly with the arms of the earldom , as a f mark of af ection .

F R E T U s TC. SHIELDS, INCTURES, , ' The S/ziel a contains the field or grou nd wh e reon are represe nte d the charges or figures that form a coat of arms . The se were pai nt e d on the Shield be fore the y were plac e d on e n and e bann rs, sta dards, and coat armour ; wher ver they appear at the present tim e they are painted on a plane or superficies rese mbling a shield . Shie lds in heraldic language are called Escutcheo ns or m The n scutu . Scutcheons , from the Lati word forms of the shield or field upon which arms are emblazoned are vari e d according to the taste h of the pai nter . T e Norman poi nted shi el d is generally used in heraldic pai nti ngs in e cclesiastical buildi ngs : the e scutch e o ns of maid e n ladie s

n on e - and widows are pai ted a lozeng shaped shield . Armorists distinguish several points in the escutch eon I 6 Tinct ure s in orde r to de termine e xactly the positio n of the bearings

e . T e e n in the ne xe a r or Charg s h y are d oted an d di g am , by the first ni ne le tte rs of the alphabet ranged in the n n followi g man er . h t e xt e . A , de er chi f

the e e . B , middl chi f

the s n e . C, i ister chi f

the D, honour point .

E the e n . , f ss poi t

the n n F, ombril poi t . the ext G, d er base . h e e . H , t middl base h n t e e e . I , si ist r bas The d exter side of the e scutch e o n answe rs and the n e e the n hand, si ist r sid to right ha d of who look s at it . TINCTURES By the te rm Tinctu r e is m eant that variabl e hue which is give n t o shi e lds and the ir beari ngs ; the y are divide d t n and . i to me als , colours , furs The s e colou rs are de note d in e ngravi ng s by various li ne s

ots te n e nt an t n the e nn n or d , a sys m i v ed by I alia in b gi i g

the e n n en : of sev tee th c tury, as follows

R w s n e ol d and O , hich ig ifi s g , in colour

x . yellow, is e pressed by dots

ARGENT signifie s sil ver or mbil e : it is

l e ft quite plai n .

I 7 Manual of H e raldry

’ GULES sig nifie s r ea : it is expre sse d by lin e s d rawn from the chie f to the base

the of shi eld .

AZURE signifie s bl u e : it is repre sente d by li ne s draw n fro m the dexter to the

sin s e e the s e e i t r sid of hi ld, parall l to e the chi f.

VERT sig nifie s gr een : it is repre se nte d

s nt n ne s r n the by la i g li , d aw from dext er to the Sin iste r side of the

e shi ld .

u r l e is e x re e PURPURE, or p p , p ss d by o n n e n r o the Siniste diag al li s, draw f m r t o the xte e f h s e de r sid o t e hi ld .

Mack e x e se o SABLE, or , is pr s d by h ri z ontal and perpe ndicular li ne s crossing

each other .

TE E is taw n or an e r NN , which y, or g colou , is marked by diago nal li ne s d rawn from the si niste r t o the dexte r sid e of

t he e t e rse e e n shi ld, rav d by p rp dicular

n h li e s from t e chief.

1 8

Manual of Heraldry

e n . PEAN , field sable, powd ri g or

n and . re re VAIR , arge t azure It is p

n e r e se te d by small b lls, pa t r versed, range d in line s in such a man ne r t hat the base arge nt is opposite to the base

azure .

- e e are COUNTER VAIR , is wh n the b lls and n placed base against base, poi t

against point .

an e POTENT, obsol te word for a crutch ’ it is so call e d in Chaucer s de scriptio n

of Old Age . So el d she was t hat she ne went '

oot e but it wer e ot ent . A f , by p The e t r n in n field is fill d wi h small potents, a ged li es, r n azure and a ge t .

E - the e POT NT COUNTER POTENT, h ads of t he crutch e s or potents t ouch each

t e in the n the S o h r ce tre of hield .

2 0 CHAPTER V

LINES U SED IN PARTING TH E FIELD

ESCUTCHEON S of more than o ne ti nctu re are divide d by n n ne er n it e e r li es . Whe the li is p pe dicular, is call d p pale ; n e n n r x e er n horizo tal , per f ss ; diago al li e f om de t r, p be d ;

n n n st n e and f diago al li e si i er, per bend si ist r ; so orth .

e n n not and t an er Wh a li e is simple straigh , it has h aldic x e e its The n the n name e pr ssiv of form . followi g are am e s of the pri ncipal modificat ion s of straight li ne s us e d in British heraldry

\Vav und y, or é

E mbattled, or crenelle

N e bule Indented

Dancetté

2 1 Manual of Heraldry

Angl e d

B eville d

Escart el l e

or r n e Nowy, f a ch

Dove taile d

Embattle d grady : som etim e s call e d batt l e d embattl e d

Pote nt

Doubl e arch e d

e e n e Arch d, or arch d

U rdée

Radiant

n t s t o If a shield is divided i to four e qual par , it is said be quarte red .

— ' QUARTERED PER CROSS The shield is divided into r s t s an r z n and er en four pa t , called quar er , by ho i o tal p p i ul ar ne r s n e t e r in the e ntre the e d c li , c os i g ach o h c of fi ld,

n e re T e e rte in rn each of which is umb d . h s qua rs may tu 2 2 L ines U sed in Parting t he Field

and e t s h be themselves quartered, wh n his i t e case the

S are leading quarters are called GRAND QUARTER , and said to be quarterly quartered . The escutcheon may be thus subdivided i nto a great many parts, the shield of Mr Henry Crampton Lloyd , of n-on- n e 6 Stockto Cherbury, Salop, beari g no l ss than 3 5 quarters . When the number of coats to which a pe rson n e may be e titled is an odd number, the last quart r is filled

n . e e up by repeati g the first In practice , how ver, it is bett r n en to limit the number of quarteri gs, for wh the coats are

the numerous , Charges become so small as to be not easily distinguishable .

DIFFERENCES OR BRI SURES All m e mbe rs of the same family claim the same beari ngs in the ir coat of arms ; and to di sti nguish the pri ncipal

e n n e e b arer from his desce da ts or relatives, it was n c ssary n e n S the d ee n n to i v t some ign , so that egr of consa gui ity

T s S n ES . might b e known . he e ig s are called DIFFERENC Duri ng the Crusade s the o nly diffe re nce co nsiste d in the

e e n e bordur or bord r, which , as the ame implies, was a bord r

Th o or e dgi ng run ning rou nd the e dge of the shield . e col ur and form of this border s erved to disti nguish the l eade rs of the different ban ds that serve d u nde r one du ke or Chieftai n . The same diffe re nce might b e us e d to de note a diversity between particular perso n s e h d sce nde d from one family . At t e pre sent in En n n ot e n e time , gla d , they are us d to de ot

e e one n r e s a diff r nce , but as of the ordi a i t o The n x a coat of arms . a nexed e ample e x rt hibits the arms of the Mo naste ry of Bermo ndse y . Pa y T s e e e and e e r e nt . per pal , azur gul s a bordur , a g hi bordur 2 3 Manual of H e raldry

is plain ; b ut th e y may b e form e d by any of the fore n goi g line s .

The nne x e x is e a ed ample or, a bordur

n r e . e g ail d, gules

The fe r in En n and t o dif rence s use d by h e alds gla d , a

“ e rt n e xte nt in tl n at the re e n e n ne in c ai Sco a d, p s t tim , are i n h ns o ne umbe r . The y n ot o nly disti nguish t e so of family, but also d enote the subordi nate degre e s in each house .

The s on Heir, or first , the LABEL

n the Seco d Son , CRESCENT

T r Son the T hi d , MULLE

t Son the Four h , MARTLET

t Son the Fif h , ANNULET

xt Son the - -L IS Si h , FLEUR DE

2 4 Differences

Son the Seventh , ROSE

E SS ighth Son , the CRO MOLINE

Ninth Son, the DOUBLE QUATREFOIL

t e the n e t e e n Should ei h r of in bro hers have mal childr , the e lde st child would place the labe l o n the difference that distinguished his fathe r ; the s e co n d son would place the cre sce nt U po n it the third the mulle t co ntinui ng the sam e orde r for as many so ns as he may have . The labe l o nly is u sed in t he arms of the royal family as a difference ; but the poi nts of the label are charged with diffe rent figure s to disti nguish the s econd and succee di ng

s so ns . The arms of the Pri nce of Wal e s are distingui h e d by a label of three poi nts arg e nt of the Duke of Co nnaught ’ e n e by a label , the centr poi t charged with St G orge s Cross and each of the oth e r points with a fleur-de-lis azure ; the

’ n n n e e Duke of Alba y, the ce tre poi t with St G org s Cross and the oth e rs with a h eart gule s ; and the Duke of e n the n e C fl eur- - Cumb rla d , ce tr point harged with a de lis ’ e n an arg t d the oth e rs with a St George s Cross . All t he figure s d e noti ng differe nce s are also used as pe r fee t charges o n the shield ; but th e ir Siz e and situatio n will sufficie ntly d e te rmi ne wh e ther the figure is used as a perfect

nt e fe n e n . coat of arms, or is i roduc d as a dif re c or dimi ution

a D Manual of Heraldry

t n n n and In Sco la d, by statute, all you ger so s cadets

n r - the bei g obliged t o e register family arms, with their

f e e nn proper difer nc s , the usual ma er of so doing is by

e ff n he bordur , which is again further di erenced amo g t

n e n n n e n you g r sons of you ger so s by bei g engrail d, i vected,

n e an the ' i dent d, embattled, d so forth, as will be seen from plate showi ng the schem e of difference at present used in the The Court of the Lord Lyon . compulsory matricula tion of arms by cad ets en sures that the heraldry of the

o n and n ot in family is maintained a proper basis , , as En n n gla d, left to the will of the i dividuals themselves ; and also i ndicates the ir position in the family for many n more g e nerations than is possible by using si gle charge s . T Sisters have no differences in th eir coats of arms . hey are e the e permitt d to bear the arms of their father, as ldest ’ son does after his father s decease .

Guil lim e and e n e n e , L igh , oth r a ci t armorists m ntion e e div rs figures, which, they assert, were formerly add d to

e n er e coats of arms as marks of d gradatio for sland , cowardic ,

er and t e and the n e murd , o h r crimes, to them they give am of abate ments of ho n our ; others have calle d the m blots in the escutcheon ; but as no i nstance can be produced of such disho nourable marks having bee n borne in a coat

e ma t e e of arms, th y y jus ly be consid r d as chimerical , or at

e e and n t the any rat obsolet , u wor hy of consideration at “ rn n prese nt time . P o ey pithily observes that arms be i g

n nn an n t n marks of ho our, they ca ot admit of y o e of i famy, ' nor would any one hear them if the y were so brande d .

t r e man b e e e r It is u a may d graded for div s crimes , par ticul arly high t reaso n ; but in such case s the escu tcheon

e e t r n and rn in e e and the e nt was r v rsed , od upo , to pi c s , ry in the f e e e e te t o en t e of his arms O ficial r gist rs d l d, d o a total extinction and suppression of the honour and dig nity of 2 6

Differences

n Ex the person to whom i t belo ged . amples of such pro ceedings may b e see n in the de l etio n of the arms of t he ’ E O f e in 1 60 0 e t n ste r arl Gowri in Sir Rob r Forma s Regi , nd in e e the r e n nte r a also the Lyon R gist r of a ms of Cov a s, r te n e . e n e . in t he re ig n of Ki g Charl s II , who had b e fo f i d The o nly abate m e nts used in h e raldry are those for i h en t En n illegitimacy, wh c is d o ed in gla d

n and n by a baton si ister, in Scotla d by n Ex a bordure compo y. amples of this will be found in the e scutcheons of certai n peers who assume the royal arms as the illegitimate d e sce ndants of Ki ng

r e n and n Cha l s the Seco d Ki g William the Fourth . The charge s in h eraldry may be said to i nclude almost eve ry Object on the earth or in the h eaven s or u nder the

The n e n he sea. most commo of th se will be fou d in t

e n n re Dictionary, where, howev r, it has not bee co side d necessary to mention objects which are the same as tho se

o n n f n r e . in c mmo use, u less there is some dif re ce in herald y There are certain divisions of charge s made by writers

e n on h raldry which have not bee followed, for the sake of

r Th n se brevity i n a wo k of this size . e pri cipal of the division s are what are calle d the O rdi nari e s and Sub n T s Ordi arie s . he e will be found u nder their respective n in n headi gs the Dictio ary .

THE EXTERNAL ORNA M ENTS OF ESCUTCHEON S

The orname nts that accompany or surr ou nd e scutcheons

e n e n t r n t ffi w re i troduc d to de o e the bi th , dig i y, or o ce of

We l the pe rson to whom the coat of arms b e lo ngs . sha l

ere n the r o e in t e m ly give the ames of va ious bj cts his plac ,

n s in th n a d re fe r t he reader to the differe nt word e Dictio ary . 2 7 Manual of Heraldry

Over regal e scutch e on s are placed the crown which p ertains t o the n n e the e e n r e s s Th atio ov r which sov r ig p ide . e cr own is g e ne rally su rmou nt e d with a cre st : as in the arm s t he n s En n o t he t E the of ki g of gla d fr m ime of dward III .

r n r nte n t n nt r wne c ow is su mou d by a lio sta a t , guarda , c o d ,

' and that of the Ki ng of Scotland with a lio n s ejant affront ee .

e r Ov r the papal arms is placed a tiara or t iple crown, without a crest . Above the arms of archbishops and bishops the mitre is placed i nstead of a cre st .

t r n r n n T e Cor one s a e wor by all p i ces a d peers . h y vary

r n the r n the n n . A in form acco di g to a k of oblema . full de scription will b e found in the Dictio nary of t he co ro ne ts n e r e s se s of the Pri ce of Wal s, oyal dukes, duk , marqui , e n and r n . arls, viscou ts , ba o s

l ets e n the H e m are placed ov r arms, and show the ra k of person to whom the arms belong : ( 1 ) by the metal o f which they are made ; ( 2 ) by the ir form ; ( 3) by their

in r n r the n . positio . See the wo d HELM ET Dictio a y antl in s e l the n n er n e e M g wer possib y a cie t cov i gs of h lm ts, to preserve them and the bearers f rom the i nju rie s of the

e e the e the e r r e n weather, or to k p h ad of w are f om g tti g too

sun T e n ow heated by the rays of the . h y are form e d

- e n r the the e e i nto scroll work proc edi g f om sides of h lm t, and are great o rnament s to an e scutcheon . See a more full descript io n u nde r the word MANTLING . A clz apeau is an a nci e nt hat or rather cap of dignity T e er e and worn by duke s . h y w e form d of scarlet velvet ’ T e r f re uentl n e turned up wit h fur . h y a e q y used i st ad of a wreath u nder the cre sts of noblem e n and e ven ge ntlemen .

r eat/z was e l r e s e ns o f The w form d by two a g k i silk of. 2 8 E xt ernal Ornaments

r e r T differe nt colou s twist d togethe . his was wor n at the

e r rt o f t he e s e n ste n n it t o the low pa cr t , as a m a s of fa i g In e r the w e t ar e h elm e t . h rald y r a h appe s lik a roll o f two colou rs composed of the p ri ncipal metal and pri n Th cipal colour appeari ng on the shie ld . e crest is usually place d upon the wreath . The cr est is the highest part amo ng the ornam e nts of a

r n cr ista coat of arms . It is called crest f om the Lati word , which sign ifie s comb or tuft . Cre sts were use d as marks of hon our long before the

Th r i ntroduction of heraldry. e he lm ets and c ests of the Greek and Tr ojan warriors are beautifully de scribe d by T r Homer. heir use as a morial bearings, however, was of

e n the n n s e e st lat r date tha i troductio of arm , the arli exampl e bei ng fou nd in 1 1 98 in the lion upo n the h ead h e fre un n . r t e t dr ss of Geof y, Co t of A jou F om fac that e e e n r and n e e t famili s have fr qu tly va ied cha ged th ir cr s s,

' and that n f r e e r e ma y dif e ent famili s hav the same cha g , a crest is n ot of equal importance to t he shie ld from a

n e n n n the r e heraldic poi t of vi w, otwithsta di g popula id a to n S n n the contrary . Many moder crests such as a sun hi i g n n n n e st r n on a su flower, or a ha d poi ti g to a c le ial c ow ,

n n in the r could not possibly have bee wor days of chival y,

r n n et f om the impossibility of weari g such objects o a helm .

The n n o ne e custom of beari g more tha cr st is illogical , as a

n n o ne and r not perso has o ly head, therefo e could wear n in e . e S not two h lmets Crests furth r hould , as is commo

r t n the c est brooches, be surrounded by a garter, tha bei g

The exclusive right of knights of that order . German te n n and heralds pay great at tio to crests, depict them as n t toweri ng to a great height abov e t he h e lmet . K igh s who

e e n e r n or e articu w re d sirous of conce ali g th ir a k , wish d p l arl y to disti nguish them se lve s either in t he batt l efi eld or 2 9 Manual of Heraldry

et n tourney, frequently decorated their helm s with pla ts or

e r u e a . e e e s er flowers, chim ical fig r s, nimals, etc th s badg w e

e d e n Th r also assum e d by th ir sce nda ts . e sc oll is a labe l or ribbon contai n i ng t he motto : it is u sually place d in

En l n e n e t t he s e and su o rte rs and in o g a d b a h hi ld pp , Sc tland

in the above the crest see the word MOTTO Dictionary . CHAPTER VI MARSHALLING CHARGES ON ESCUTCHEON S BY TH E RULES O F HERALDRY

TH E symbolic figures of heraldry are so well known to those acquai nted with the science in every kingdom of E En n urope, that if an glishma was to send a written emblazonment or description of an escutcheon to a French , i the E German , or Spanish artist acqua nted with nglish n n language , either of them could retur a properly draw and coloured escutcheon ; but a correct e mblazonme nt n would be i dispensable . A single word omitted would spoil the shield . I It may be necessary to inform the re ade r that in e m

n n e n the blazo i g an escutch o , the colour of field is first n the n amed ; then pri cipal ordinary, such as the fess, the

the n chevron , etc . , naming the tincture and form of ordi ary ; n then proceed to describe the charges on the field, nami g their situation , metal, or colour ; lastly, describe the charges on the ordinary .

II When an ho nourabl e ordi nary or some one figure is n e t s n r placed upo another, wh her it be a fes , chevro , c oss ,

. it t n te the r n o r e etc , is always o be amed af r o di ary figur O ver which it is placed, with either the words surtout or over all . 3 1 Manual O f Heraldry III

the n h n e as are n the In blazoni g suc ordi ari s plai , bare mention of the m is sufficie nt ; but if an o rdinary shoul d b e

e an e n ne form d of y of the curv d or a gular li s , such as

n n e e tc . b e . i vected, i d nted, , the lines must named IV

he n a principal figure posse sse s the c entre of the fi e ld W , its positio n is not to b e e xpres se d ; it is always understood h to b e in t e middle O f the shield . V

Wh e n the Situat ion of a principal bearing is not e x e e it n e r t the e n e the pr ss d , is always u d s ood to occupy c tr of

e . E x . See an nn e en . fi ld Azure, a ul t arg t (p VI

The numb er of the poi nts of mull e ts must b e specifie d if more tha n five : also if a mulle t or any oth e r charge is

it b e e nt ne . pierced , must m io d VII Whe n a ray of the su n or oth e r si ngl e figure is borne in an t e the e e n n the n e the n y o h r part of scutch o tha ce tr , poi t it i ssue s from mu st b e nam e d . VIII

The t o re e nts r t e tc . na ural col ur of t s , pla , f ui s , birds, , is

b e e x e sse in e m z o n n t he o r r o er b ut to pr d bla i g by w d p p , if t e r r t e r n t r o r the t n t e e t s h y va y f om h i a u al c lou , i c ur or m al that is us e d must b e named . 3 2

Manual of Heraldry

n e . e r te Four rou d ls, two over two Som w i rs ’ t e canton ea as e r call h m , th y fo m a square

figure .

e n e one Fiv rou d ls two , , two, in saltire .

e e s one t ee one in Fiv round l , hr , , or cross .

Six e and round ls two, two, two .

Six e one . roundels thr e, two, and

There are seldom more figure s than seven ; but no

the n matter umber, they are placed in the same way, 3 4 Marshalling Charges on Es cutcheons

n t the at the t o the e or commenci g wi h figures p of shi ld ,

the re e in chief. If field is st w d all ove r wi th rou ndels ,

’ e e x e s me this will b pr ssed by the word e e. Mar s/z al l ing coats of ar ms is the act of disposing the

v e n in one e n arms of se eral p rso s escutch o , so that their

e n e t r e r latio to ach o he may b clearly marked .

In e r r the n and are bar on h ald y, husba d wife called ’ a na f emme ; and wh e n the y are de sce nde d from dis t n t e r are e in i ct families, bo h th ir a ms plac d the same

n r e n r ne the escutcheo , divided by a pe p dicula li through

n r n s n i ce ntre of the shie ld . As this li e u i the sam e d rec n and e in e tio , occupi s part of the space the shi ld appro

riate d the n r the e in p to ordi a y called pal , the shield is

r n a cl a T he aldic la guage said t o b e p r te per p l e. he arms of the baro n (the husband) are always place d on the dexter side of the e scutch e o n and the fe mm e (the wife ) on the

n e r e in nne x x . si ist sid , as the a ed e ample

er r n and Parted p pale, ba o femme, two

s r t e r n e e coat ; fi s , or, a ch v o gul s ; s cond,

r e e e and n . ba ry of tw lve pi ces, azur arge t

rr n e s If a widower ma ies agai , the arms of both his wiv

r o n the n e e r e s a e place d si ist r side, which is parted p f s ;

t t an n ne nn n in e n tha is, par ed by horizo tal li ru i g the dir ctio

the e s n the . The of f s , and occupyi g same place arms of the first wife are placed in the upper compartment of the

e n in the shie ld, called the chi f ; the arms of the seco d wife T r n the . lower compa tme t, called base his practice, how e n ot and n ver, is usual , the husba d usually impales the arms of the seco nd wife alo ne . 3 5 Manual of Heraldry

E x r e r e n and e mm e t e e . Pa ted p pal , baro f , hr coats

t on e n r ent re t re s firs , gules, a b d a g , th e foil

: e r er in e vert s cond , pa ted p fess, chief azur , a fe n n . mascle or, with a label arge t for dif re ce Th In n e n . e base ermi e , a f ss , da cette gules same rule would apply if the husband had three or mor e wive s ; they would all be place d in the siniste r division of the shie ld ; but in n one of t e r n hese cas s do the a ms descend to the childre .

the n e Where husba d marries an heiress, he do s not e t e in n e x e impal his arms wi h h rs , as the precedi g ampl s, b ut b ears th e m in an e scutche on of pretence in the c e ntre

the S e n e n n r in con of hi ld, showi g his pr te sio to her a ms seque nce of his marriage with the lady who is l egally

t e n n n ot e e nti l d to th e m . The e scutcheo of prete ce is us d by the childre n of such marr iage ; the y bear the arms of

and e rt and n t e t o their father moth r qua erly, so tra smit h m

nn x h posterity . A e ed is an e xample of the arms of t e wife r n on escutcheon of p ete ce .

n and e r e Baro f mme, two coats ; fi st, gul s, a n an e s t e n saltire arge t ; second, on cu ch o

e n e n . of pret ce, azure, a ch vro , or

f

If a peeress in her own right marries a private ge ntle man e of n ne , th ir coats arms are not co joi d paleways, as

r and n te h ba on femme, but are placed upo separa s ields by the Side of each other ; they are sometimes i nclosed in n the the n n “ x e a ma tle, shield of husba d occupyi g the de t r s e the m n t the n e r id of a tle, hat of wife the si ister ; ach pa ty

n t e r n has a right to all the orname nts i ncide tal to h i ra k .

he n n n an e n o t T husba d, who o ly ra ks as esquir , has righ 36 Marshalling Charges on Escutcheons t o rter ne t e x t s the ro e r e et suppo s or coro , but hibi p p h lm ,

e t and re t . wr a h , c s

The ee re s rr n o ne e ne t he r in r n c on p s , by ma yi g b a h a k ,

rs no n t on her n e n n o f fe dig i y husba d , but los s o e he r ' ow n . t e s t u She is s ill address d as your lady hip , ho gh her husband o nly ranks as a g e ntle ma n ; and it is f or t his reaso n t hat the arms ca nn ot b e co njoine d in o ne shi e ld as

n e baro and femm .

n w s E x . r n a d e e t o e e n Ba o f mm , achi v me t .

re e or re six n r e n First, azu , a pil , c st a star of poi ts , a g t ; e n nt e s cond, gules, a cross flory arge t, surmou d by an

’ e n : e on the x s arl s coro et support rs , de ter side a tag

e and n e o n the n te r s e ducally gorg d chai d , si is id a

r f n e and ne t r e tt o g i fi gorg d chai d , bo h p op r mo ,

n ur an Tr t Ho o d u h . In the arms of the wife joi ned t o the pat ernal coat o f t he

n the r e fer n e rne the e r o f the husba d, p op r dif e c s bo by fath

s r lady must b e i n e ted .

the C the n r e t s If oat of husba d has a bo dur , hat mu t be

l n omitte d on the si n i ste r Side of the pa ar li e . Archbishops and bishops of t he Chu rch of England 3 7 Man ual of H e raldry impal e the ir pat ernal arms with the arms of the see ove r t e e s e n the r s the o r on which h y pr id , placi g a m of bish p ic t he x e and e r e rn r on the n st e r s de t r, th i pat al a ms si i ide of the shield ; a bishop does n ot emblazon the arms of his wife on the sam e shield with that which co ntains the arms

the see on . of , but a separate shield Arms of augm e ntation are marshalled according to the dire ction of the heraldic authoritie s ; t hey may b e plac ed o n a canto n in the dexter chie f of the shield ; in some cases t e the e the e ma t the h y occupy whol of chi f, or y ake form

Th r n n en t n n o f quarte ri ngs . e ma k of disti ctio d o i g a baro e t of England and Great B ritain and the Un ite d Ki ngdom is l e on an n on e s n the usual y plac d escutcheo , the f s poi t of

net e e t e shie ld . Baro s of Nova Scotia eith r plac h ir badge s in n n en t t n r n r S e a ca to or susp d hem by a aw y ibbo f om the hi ld .

n the e the t te K ights of various ord rs, who by s atu s thereof are e ntitle d to e ncircl e their arms with the collars and

n n a n ot n the i sig i , do surrou d shield on which theyimpale t e t e the but e r h ir arms wi h thos of their wives with same, b a

the xte r n own rr n e two shields , de r bea i g their arms su ou d d

e and the n n with their ord rs , si ister a shield impali g the of n and n n arms husba d wife, the shield bei g e circled with a wreath of laurel . FUN E RAL ESCUTCH EON S OR HATCHM ENTS contai n the arms of a decease d per son withi n a black loze nge - shape d

and e the r n n n e t o frame, placed ov r p i cipal e tra c his

e t the hous for a period usually about a year af er decease,

r n h when they we e ofte place d in churches . T e practice n is not now so commo as formerly, and is seldom now

e t n rr n th s en in Sco la d , where it was usual to su ou d e

n e r he Th escutcheo with the s ize quartie s of t dec ease d . e

n ff e n e n the nnex x o ly di er ce, as will be s e by a ed e amples, is that the ground of the hatchment is black that surrounds 3 8 Mar shalling Char ge s on Escutcheon s

the e e the arms of d c ased , whether baron or fe mm e and , t r n the r whi e ou d a ms of the survivor.

h In Fig . 1 t e black is left on the x e e n de t r sid , showi g that the husba nd e e and is dec as d, that his wife sur

vives him .

2 Fig . shows that the husband survives

the wife .

s h n Fig . 3 hows that t e husband a d his e e se and the first wife are d c a d, that

secon d wife is the survivor.

x Fig . 4. The shield ou the de ter side of the hatchme nt is parted per pale ; fi rst, the arms of the bishopric ;

second , the paternal arms of the

Th x bishop . e shield on the de ter side is the arms of the bishop im paling those of his wife as baro n and femme ; the ground of the hatch 3 9 Manual of Heraldry

is n the n t e ment black rou d si ister side of his shi ld, showing

that it is the wife that is dead .

h Fig . 5 is t e hatchme nt of a lady that has e n r Th di d u mar i e d . e arms o f fe male s of all ranks are placed in a

- lozenge shape d shield .

6 the Fig . is hatchm e n t of the widow of a bishop ; the are the e as se e e e arms sam tho display d at Fig . 4 : h r the loze nge - shaped shield is parte d per — . n and e first pale Baro f mme , on the x parted paleways, de ter side the the on arms of bishopric, the siniste r side the paternal arms of the

. n the th bishop Seco d, arms of e fe mm e the widow of a bishop has a r ight to e xhibit the arms of the see

he r n e his t over which husba d pr sided, as, though dea h has

l nne n t se e disso ved all co ctio wi h the , she has a right to

z n n her e e n e mbla o all that will ho our dec as d husba d . The frame was som etime s ornam ented with skull and

- ne s an e e e . cross bo , d powd r d with t ars

nn nn n . e For ba ers, pe o s, guidons, etc , and all other matt rs e n n where heraldic mblazo me t is used in funeral processions, the reader is referred to the Dictionary.

Manual of Heraldry

The ster of orse Ma H . D K ES or n to t e r t ents of Cre t on En n ot n U , acc di g h i Pa a i , gla d , Sc la d , re t r t n Irel and . U nited n om and o f re n s n e the G a B i ai , , Ki gd , I la d i c n on U i . E est ons o f Du es of h ld S k t e R oyal Bl ood . R ESSES r n t Q , o o t e r tent s of re t on En n , MA U acc di g h i Pa C a i , gla d ot n re t r t n re n n te n om and o f re n s n e Sc la d , G a B i ai , I la d , U i d Ki gd , I la d i c t he n n U i o . ’ u e est D kes ld S ons.

E L S or n t o t e r tent s as oresa . AR , acc di g h i Pa af id oun er ons o f Du es of oo Y g S k Bl d Royal . ’ Mar qu esses eldest S ons. ’ Du n kes younger S o s.

S O TS or n t o t e r tents as ores . VI C UN , acc di g h i Pa af aid ’ E r s e est a l ld S ons. ' r u se n Ma q es s you ger S ons.

s o s o f on on Dur m and n ester. Bi h p L d , ha , Wi ch

ot er En s s o s or n t o t e r sen or t o f onse r t on. All h gli h Bi h p , acc di g h i i i y c c a i S ecretaries o f St ate and Chie f Secretary t o L ord-Lieutenant of

re n o f the e ree o f ron . I la d , if d g a Ba

R O S or n t o t e r tents as ores . BA N , acc di g h i Pa af aid n L ord s o f Appeal in Ordi ar y. o Speaker f t he H ouse of Commons. h C ommissioner o f t e G re at S eal . t ’ Treasur er of His Maj es y s H ousehold . ’ is est s ouse Comptr o ller o f H Maj y H hold . ' - Vice C hamber lain o f His Maj esty s H ousehold . S ecretaries o f S tate and Chie f Secret ary t o L ord-L ieutenant of r I reland under the degree of Ba ons. ’ n Viscounts eldest S o s. ’ Ear l s younger S ons. ’ n B arons e ldest S o s. h st o r r of Th rt r K nights of t e M o N ble O de e Ga e . K night s of St Patr ick . Pr ivy C ouncillors. Chancellor o f t he Exchequer. f ster / Chancellor of t he Duchy o L anca . L ord Chie f J ustice of England . Master o f t he R olls . The or s ust es o f the o urt of e and re s ent o f the L d J ic C App al , P id e a d m r t D s ons or n t o t e r sen or t Pr o ate D or , n Ad al y , a d g y b , iv c i ivi i cc i h i i i and order of appoint ment . 42 Order of P recedency

J udges of the High C ourt of J ustice ra n k among t hemselves accordi ng n m n t o dat e o f app oi t e t. nnere ts m e u n er the o t n r in O en War t he Ba ad d R yal S a da d p , by r S overeign in pe son. ’ e r s Vi sco unts y oung S on . ’ n Barons younger S o s. ons of or s o f e in r n r e eers or n t o S L d App al O di a y ( Lif P ) , acc di g seni ority of crea t i on.

ronets o f En n o t n and re n . Ba gla d , Sc la d , I la d n in r son Banneret s not made by t he Ki g pe . K nights G r and C ross of t he Bat h. o m rs f he t r o f K nights G ra nd C m ande o t S a I ndia . r o s of St e and St eor e K night s G rand C s Micha l G g . n t r n omm n ers o f t he r er o f t he n n Em r K igh s G a d C a d O d I dia pi e. s o f the o tor n r er K n ight s G rand C ros R yal Vic ia O d . r h t K n ights Commande s o f t e Ba h . r t t f K night s Commande s of he S ar o I ndia . t mm n er s o f S t e and St eor e K nigh s C o a d Micha l G g . t s omm n er s of t he r er of t he n n Em re K nigh C a d O d I dia pi . m rs the o tor n r r K nights C om ande of R yal Vic ia O de . r K night s Bachel o s. h r C o mmander s of t e R oyal Victo ian O rder. J udges of County C our t s in Engla nd and Wales and of Ci ty o f n on urt L o d C o . r e n - t- a Se j a ts a L w. in n a Masters L u cy. n t C ompanio s of t he Ba h . om n ons f t e t r o f n C pa i o h S a I dia. m n ons of e and t e r Co pa i St Micha l S G o ge. om n ons of the n Em r e C pa i I dian pi . em ers o f the t h s s o f t he o tor n r er M b 4 Cla R yal Vic ia O d . om n ons of t h D st n u s e r t ic r C pa i e i i g i h d Se e O der. E es t ons of t he oun er ons o f eers ld S y g S P . ’ r net s e est n Ba o ld S o s . E s n of s th ld e t S o s K night of e Gart er. ’ n s t Ban eret s e ld e S ons. E s n t r s lde t S o s of K nigh s Bach elo . em r s f t t s f h M be o he s h Cla s o t e R oyal Vict orian O rder. em e rs of t he m eri r e r er M b I p al S e vic O d . ’ ronet s oun er ns Ba y g S o . Es u re q i s. oun er ons o n s Y g S f K ight . ent emen G l . Manual of Heraldry

TABLE OF PR E CED E NCY A M ONG WO M E N IN ENGLAND

Th EE e QU N. E The QUEEN DO WAG R . The R ESS O F L ES P INC WA .

CESSES D u t ers o f t he o vere n . PRIN , a gh S ig ’

R N ESSES and D H ESSES es o f t he o ere n s ons. P I C UC , Wiv S v ig S r t h o ere n G randdau ght e s o f e S v ig . ’ f t h o er e n s r n sons Wives o e S v ig G a d . ’ er e n s st er s The S ov ig Si . ’ o r n s r t rs Wives o f t he S ve eig B o he . ’ n The S overeign s Au ts. ’ e r s Wives o f t h S ove eign U ncles. D u ters of D u es o f the oo o a gh k Bl d R yal . ’ es of t he o ere n s e hews Wiv S v ig N p . r n u t er s of o ere n n o t hearin st e o f o n ss G a dda gh S v ig g yl R yal High e . D HESSES of En n S o t n Gre t r t n re n and n t e UC gla d , c la d , a B i ai , I la d , U i d om Kingd . e o f t he e est ons of Du es of the oo o Wiv s ld S k Bl d R yal . H O ESSES o f En n ot n re t r t n re n and MARC I N gla d , Sc la d , G a B i ai , I la d , om U ni t e d Kingd . o Du Wives of t he e ld e st S ons f kes. Daughter s o f Dukes. CO TESSES o f En n ot n re t r t n re n and UN gla d , Sc la d , G a B i ai , I la d , n om U nited Ki gd . n ns f Du es f oo o Wives of you ger S o o k o Bl d R yal . i Sof t he e est ons o f r uesses W ve ld S Ma q . ters f r ue s ses Daugh o Ma q . f n er ons o f Du es Wives o the you g S k . S O ESSES o f En n ot n re t r t n re n and VI C UNT gla d , Sc la d , G a B i ai , I la d , n te n om U i d Ki gd . r Wives of the e ldest S ons o f Ea ls. Daught ers of Ear l s. h r s f ue ses Wives of t e y ounge S on o Marq s . O ESSES o f En n ot n re t r t n re n and BAR N gla d , Sc la d , G a B i ai , I la d , m U ni ted Kingdo . es of or s of e in r n r e eers or n t o Wiv L d App al O di a y ( Lif P ) , acc di g f t t senior ity o f creat i on o i le. t n o f s ount Wives of t he e ld es S o s Vi c s . Daughters of Vi scounts. h er ons o f E r s Wives o f t e young S a l . Wives of t he e ldest Sons of Barons. 44 Order of Precedency

t r s o f rons Daugh e Ba . o n r Maid s o f H ou . f n t f t a Wives o K igh s o he G rter . t t r Wives of K nigh s o f St Pa ick . re t s Wives o f Banne . n Wives o f the younger S ons o f Vi s cou t s . h ou n s f s Wives o f t e y nger S o o Baron . D u t ers of or s of e a in rd n r ( e eers) or n t o a gh L d App l O i a y Lif P , acc di g seni ority of creat i on of tit l e . es of ons o f or s o f e in r n r e eers or Wiv S L d App al O di a y ( Lif P ) , acc d r t f t t e ing t o senior i ty of c ea i on o i l . es of r net s Wiv Ba o . es of nneret s not m e n in erson Wiv Ba ad by Ki g p . es f n t r n ross of t he r er of t he t Wiv o K igh s G a d C O d Ba h . es of n ts r n omm n ers o f t he t r o f n Wiv K igh G a d C a d S a I dia . o t an d r Wives of K night s G rand Cross f S Michael St G eo ge . Wives o f K night s G ra nd Command ers o f t he O rder of the I ndian Em re pi . es of n t s r n ross of the o t or n r r Wiv K igh G a d C R yal Vic ia O de . of t mm n er s f t he r r t t Wives K nigh s C o a d o O de o f he Ba h . f mm n rs t r Wives o K nights C o a de of he S ta o f I ndia. es of n t s omm n er s of St e and St e r e Wiv K igh C a d Micha l G o g . e f t mm n rs of t he n n Em r Wiv s o K nigh s C o a de I dia pi e; f n t mm n r s f t he ves o s o e o o . t or n r r Wi K igh C a d R yal Vic ia O de . s Wive of K night s Bach el or s. es f m n r s f th Wiv o Co ma de o e R oyal Victorian Order. es t Wiv of C oun y C ourt J udges . es of om n ons of t he t Wiv C pa i Ba h . es o f C om n ons of t he t r Wiv pa i S a o f I ndia . es o f om n ons o f S t e and t o r Wiv C pa i Micha l S G e ge. e s of om n ons Of t he n n Em r e Wiv C pa i I dia pi . es of e m er s o f t he th s s o f the o tor n r r Wiv M b 4 Cla R yal Vic ia O de . es of om n ons o f t he D st n u s e erv ce r r Wiv C pa i i i g i h d S i O de . es of t he e est ons of t he oun er ons of er Wiv ld S y g S P e s. D u ters o f t he oun er ons o f eers a gh y g S P . es of t he e est ons of ronets Wiv ld S Ba . D u ters of ronet s a gh Ba . e s o f t he e est ons of n t s of t he rt er Wiv ld S K igh Ga . Thi s r ank is ordi na rily accord ed t o t hese ladie s in regar d t o t he o nour on erre u on t e r us n s t ou t e are not name in h c f d p h i h ba d , al h gh h y d t he t t utes of t S a he O rders. 45 Manual of Heraldry

D u ters of n t s o f t he t a gh K igh Gar er. es of t he e es t ons of n t s o f the t Wiv ld S K igh Ba h . D u ters of n ts of the t a gh K igh Ba h . es o f t he e est ons o f n ts r Wiv ld S K igh Bach elo s. D u ter s o f n t s e o rs a gh K igh Bach l . es o f em ers o f t h th e ss o f the o t or n r er. 'Wiv M b s Cla R yal Vic ia O d es of em er s of the m er r Wiv M b I p ial S e vice O rd er . e s of t he oun er ons of t he oun er ons of eer s Wiv y g S y g S P . es of the oun er on s o f r n t Wiv y g S Ba o e s. es of t he oun er ons of n ts Wiv y g S K igh . es o f E Wiv squi res. es of n m Wiv Ge tle en.

T H E SCALE OF G ENERAL PRECEDENCE IN SCOTLAND A ccor ding to Roya l Wa r r ant of 9t/z Mar cl c 1 90 5

The O ER E G S V I N . The L or d High Commissioner t o the G eneral A ssembly of t he Church o f ot n ur n t he s tt n of the ener ssem Sc la d d i g i i g G al A bly . Duke of R ot hesay. n r n f t e o ere n You ge S o s o h S v ig . f t o re n G r and sons o he S ve ig . r t f he o e n B o hers o t S v er ig . n s of the o ere n U cle S v ig . hews of the o ere n Nep S v ig .

r s euten nt of C ount es L o d Li a i . L ord Provost s o f Cit ies bei ng ex ofi cio L ords Lieutenant of f e C ount ies o Ci ti s. Sheriff s P rincipal ur n t e r term of offi e and t n t he oun s of t e r d i g h i c , wi hi b d h i res e t e ount es t es and er ff oms s e p c iv C i , Ci i , Sh i d , hall hav preceden ce nex t aft er t he R oyal F amily and the L ord High Commissi oner . Every L or d Lieutenant of a County and every L ord euten nt o f ount o f t ur n his ter m of offi e Li a a C y a Ci y d i g c , and w t n t he m ts of his ur s t on s e re e i hi li i j i dic i , hall hav p c d ence before t he Sheriff Pr i ncipal havi ng concurrent t t j urisdicti on in the said C ounty or Coun y of a Ci y . r t n The Lord Chancellor o f G reat B i ai . The M o d erator o f the G eneral A ssembly o f the Chur ch of Scotland i ffi e d uring h s term of o c . 46 Order of Precedency

The Keeper of the Gr eat Seal of Scotland ( The S ecretary f o r Scot land) r ( if a P ee ) . h r e f t n The Keeper of t e P ivy S al o Sco la d ( if a Peer) . t onst e o f ot n The H eredi ary High C abl Sc la d . he ere t r st er of the ouse o in ot n T H di a y Ma H h ld Sc la d . n Dukes of E gland . u t D kes o f Sco land . t Dukes of G reat Bri ain. Dukes of t he U nited Ki ngdom and Dukes of I reland created since the a e n U nion of Great B r itain nd I r la d . t ons f Du s of oo Eldes S o ke Bl d R oyal . r uesses of En n Ma q gla d . o Marquesses f Scot land . u s f r r t Marq es es o G eat B i ai n. Mar quesses o f t he U nited Kingdom and Mar quesses of I reland created s n t h n n f r t r ta an r i ce e U io o G ea B i in d I eland . E est ons of Du es ld S k . r s n Ea l of Engla d . r n Ea l s o f Scotla d . E r s o f re t r t n a l G a B i ai . Earl s of t he United Ki ngd om and Ear ls of I reland created since the n t Uni o of Grea B ri tai n and I reland . u ns u Yo nger S o of D kes o f Blood R oyal . st ns of r es Elde S o Ma qu ses. u s f Du s Yo nger S on o ke . The K eeper of t he Great Seal ( The S ecret ary f or Scotland) ( if not a eer P ) . The Keeper of the Privy Seal ( if not 3. P eer) . The or ustice- ener L d J G al . e or r st Th L d Cle k Regi er. r t The Lo d Advoca e . Th r i - e L o d J ust ce Clerk . s ounts of n Vi c Engla d . s ount s f t Vi c o Sco land. s un s f t Vi co t o Great Br i ain. Vi scount s of t he U nited Kingdom and Vi scounts of I reland created s n e he n on f re t r t an re i c t U i o G a B i ain d I land. E t ns E ldes S o of arl s. oun er ons o f r u sses Y g S Ma q e . ron n Ba s of Engla d . rons of ot n Ba Sc la d . Barons of G reat Br itain. Manual of Heraldry

rons o f the U n t e n om and r ons of r Ba i d Ki gd Ba I eland creat ed since the n on of re t r t n and re n U i G a B i ai I la d. E est ons of s ounts ld S Vi c . oun er ons of E r s Y g S a l . E est ons of rons ld S Ba . n t s of t he K igh Garter . Pr oun ivy C cillor s. en t ors o f t he o e e of ust e or s of ess on and the r m a C ll g ( L d ) , C a an S ' J ic S i h i o f t he n La d Court .

oun er ons o f s ounts Y g S Vi c . oun er ons of r ons Y g S Ba . ons of e eers S Law Lif P . ronet s Ba . K night s o f t he Thi st le. n ts f K igh o St Pat rick . n t s r n r oss of t he r er o f the t K igh G a d C O d Ba h . n t s r n omm n ers of t he r er o f t he tar of n K igh G a d C a d O d S I dia. n t s r n ross o f the r er of St e and S t e or e K igh G a d C O d Micha l G g . Knight s G r and Commander s of t he Or der of t he I ndian Empire n t s r n ross of the o t r n r K igh G a d C R yal Vic o ia O der. n t s omm n ers of t he r er of t he t K igh C a d O d Ba h . n t s omm n ers o f t he r er of the t r o f n K igh C a d O d S a I dia . n t s omm n er s of t he r er o f St e and t r e K igh C a d O d Micha l S Geo g . n t s omm n er s of t he r er of t he n n Em re K igh C a d O d I dia pi . n t s omm n er s o f the o tor n r er K igh C a d R yal Vic ia O d . r- ner f or t S o licito G e al Sco land . on n o f rms Ly Ki g A . r She iff s Pr i ncipal . ts r K nigh Bache lo . - t Sheriff s Substi tu e . o V tor n r er Commander s of the R yal ic ia O d . Compani ons of the Ord er o f t he Bat h . h r er f t he t r o f n Companions of t e O d o S a I dia . s t r er o f t e and t r C ompanion of he O d S Micha l S Geo ge. n r C ompani ons of the O rder of t he I ndia Empi e. m ers o f t he F ourt ss of the o tor n r er M e b h Cla R yal Vic ia O d . C ompanio ns o f t he Di st ingui shed Service Order. f r Eldest S ons o f Y ounger S ons o Pee s. r ts Eldest S ons of Ba one .

E est ons of n ts of the rter of t he T st e and of St tr k . ld S K igh Ga , hi l , Pa ic

o rr nt o f 1 6t h r 1 1 2 R yal wa a Ap il 9 . 48

Manual of Heraldry

C ountesses in the r n o f t e r us n s viz . a k h i H ba d , s s f n Countes e o Engla d . n s f ot Cou tesse o Sc land . r a Countesses o f G eat Br it i n . Countesses of the U ni te d Ki ngd om and Countesses of I reland of t t es re te s n e t he U n on o f re t r n and r i l c a d i c i G a B i tai I eland . n r ns f D s of o Wives of You ge S o o uke Blo d R oyal . f E est ons f r uess s Wives o ld S o Ma q e . r e Dau ghters of Ma qu sses. f oun er ns f Du W es o g o o es . iv Y S k ‘

s ountesses in the r n of t e r H usb ands viz . Vi c a k h i , t f Vi scoun esses o England . Vi scountesses of Sc otland . s ountesses of Gre t r t n Vi c a B i ai . Vi scountesses of the United Ki ngdom and Vi scountesses o f Ir e land of titles created si nce the U nion o f G reat B ritain and I reland . r Wives of Eldest S ons of Ea l s . Daughter s of Earl s .

W e o er ons of r uesses. iv s o f Y ung S Ma q ronesses in t he r n of t e r us n s viz Ba a k h i H ba d , n ss s f En n Baro e e o gla d . n Baronesses o f Scotla d . r Baronesses of G reat B it ain. Baronesses o f t he U ni te d Ki ngdo m and Baronesses of I r eland o f the n n of re t r t n and re n t itles created s i nce U io G a B i ai I la d . n s Wives of Eldest S on s of Vi sco u t . u nt s Daughters o f Vi sco . o un er ons o f E r s Wives o f Y g S a l . Wives of Eldest S ons of Barons. Daughters of Barons. Maids of H onour t o the Q ueen.

W o f n s o f t e r t er. ives K ight h Ga Wives o f Younger S ons of Vi scounts. f a Wives o f You nger S ons o B rons. D u te rs of L aw e eers or s o f e in r n r a gh Lif P ( L d App al O di a y) . f a e eers L r s o i Wives o f S ons o L w Lif P ( o d f Appeal n O r dinary) . e o f ro ets Wiv s Ba n . t Wives of K nights of t he Thi s le . n Wives o f K ight s of St Pat rick . es o f n ts r n ro ss f th r r f Wiv K igh G a d C o e O de o the Bat h. t Wives of K nights G r and C ommand er s o f the Order o f the S ar of I ndia. 5 0 Order of Precedency

of n t s Gr n ro ss of t he r er o f St e an t or e Wives K igh a d C O d Micha l d S G e g . Wive s o f K night s G r and C ommander s o f t he O rd er o f the I ndian r Empi e . W r ross f t he o t or n r er iv es of K nigh ts G and C o R yal Vic ia O d . n r o f t h r r f t h t Wives o f K night s C omma de s e O d e o e Ba h . es o f n t s omm ne rs of t he r er of the t r o f In Wiv K igh C a d O d S a dia . es o f n t s omm n er s of the r er of St e and St eor e Wiv K igh C a d O d Micha l G g . n rs o f t he er o f t he n m Wives o f K night s C omma de O rd I dian E pire. n r of t o t r Wives of K night s C omma de s he R yal Vic o ian Order. W es o f n t s Ba el or and W es of enat ors of the C ollege of iv K igh ch iv S ' ust e or s of ession and of the rm n o f the n o urt . J ic (L d S ) , Chai a La d C Taki ng p receden ce among t hemselves accordi ng t o the dat es of ’ their husband s cr e ati on as K nights or appoint ment as Senat or s e e o f ust e r es e t e o f the Coll g J ic p c iv ly . f t o r Wives of C o mmanders o he R yal Vict o ian O rder . es f m n ons of the r er of t he t Wiv o C o pa i O d Ba h . n f h r r f t Wives of C ompani o s o t e O d e o he Star of I ndia. m n r r o f t a r Wives of C o pa i ons of t he O de S Michae l nd St Geo ge. C ons r r t h n Em re Wives of ompani o f t he O de of e I dia n pi . es o f em ers of t he F ourt ss o f t he o t or n r er Wiv M b h Cla R yal Vic ia O d . s of o m n ons o f t he D st n u s e er e r er Wive C pa i i i g i h d S vic O d . s u o f eer s Wives o f Elde t S ons o o nger S o ns P . D u ter s of oun er ons of eers a gh Y g S P . es o f E e st ns f n Wiv ld S o o Baro ets. D u t ers o f ro nets a gh Ba . es of E est ons o f n t s o f t he r ter o f the T st e and of Wiv ld S K igh Ga , hi l , t t r S Pa ick. es of E est ons of t s Wiv ld S K nigh . D u ters o f n t s a gh K igh . es of em e rs f th F t ss of t he o tor n r er Wiv M b o e if h Cla R yal Vic ia O d . es o f oun er on o f r one t s Wiv Y g S s Ba . es of oun er ns of n Wiv Y g S o K ight s. es of Es u res Wiv q i . es of ent m n Wiv G le e .

The foregoing tables may in certain circumstances be

e. . n n in n departed from , g , at a public fu ctio given ho our of n n n n a certai perso , that perso will take precede ce of all t xt o hers ne the host .

o a r r t of 1 6t A ril 1 2 R y l wa an h p 1 9 . SI Manual of Heraldry

Dowage r peeresses take precedence of the wive s of th eir n so s . ’ in her own n e r s A peeress ra k , or a pe daughter who may w e n er t n e o n n and t t . have marri d a commo , re ai th ir ra k s a us Baro ne ts of the thre e cou ntries or of the United Kingdom n n rank accordi g to the ir re spective creatio s . Ambassadors rank after the children of the sovereign to whose court they are accre dite d . Officers of the navy and army rank inter se according to their respective ranks . Public bodies have no scale of prece dence as betwee n

e e own themselv s, but they may have such among th ir members . T e e are r n e n h r also sepa ate rolls of precede ce for Ir la d,

n and n . I dia, for certain of the pri cipal Colonies D ict iona ry of H er a l dic Ter ms

SE. n n ABAIS A Fre ch word, ge erally used in heraldry n e n e En e . e i st ad of the glish word abas d Wh the f ss , or any othe r ordinary prop erly placed above t he fess n the n poi t of shield, is brought below it, that ordi ary

’ a a e is said to be b iss .

A n n n ABATE M ENT . y figure added to coats of arms te di g n h n er. T t e to lower the dig ity or statio of the bear hus,

n S n e n n an n bato i ist r, de oti g illegitimacy, is abateme t .

The . e t m n n ACHIEVE M ENT coat of arms (helmet, cr s , a tli g, motto) fully emblazo ned accordi ng to the rules of

r The en e - n he aldry . loz g shaped achieveme ts that are displayed on the outside of the houses of persons n n deceased are commo ly called hatchm e ts .

A n n s t S . e ADDOR ED y a imals back to back . See LION . E . n e o r AFFRONT E Showi g full fac fro nt .

e ALLERION . An agle displayed, without e e b ak or f et .

E x . n . Argent, an allerio gules

e ALTERNATE . Figures or tinctures that succeed ach other rn by tu s .

In n . AM BULANT . the act of walki g 5 3 Manual of Heraldry

ne o e the n e AM ETHYST. A precious sto of a Vi l t colour, am e e n t r re t o of which was form rly us d i s ead of pu pu , de n ote the purpl e t incture whe n e mblazo ni ng the arm s

of the Engli sh n obility .

r ne e ANNULET . A small ci cle bor as a charg

in coats of arms .

n E x . an nn e n . n Azure, a ul t arge t A u lets are added to arms for a dif

n e . E E S . 2 . fere c See DIFF R NCE , p 4

e n n . The r ANCIENT . A small flag or sig bea er of the flag a o was calle d by its nam e . [ g was ancien t to the troops

commanded by Ot/zel l o.

’ T s is t e o s n ent as t e it . hi O h ll a ci , I ak — The s me n ee er nt e o . SHA KSPEA R E a i d d , a v y valia f ll w .

MY A n n n n . P A . A U ope ha d, showi g the palm

n t r s ARCHBISHOPS. Church dig i aries of the fi st cla s . The re — are but two in England the Archbi shop of Cante r h bury and the Archbishop of York . T e form e r is the ee En n n x an first p r of gla d e t to the royal family, d has the title of G r ace give n to him ; and likewise jlf ost

tner in od H e e L o R ever end P a G . is styl d r d P r ima te

o al l E n l and and Metr o ol itan . f g , p The A rchbishop of York has prece dence of dukes

an d re f e e x e the r n g at o fic rs of stat , e c pt Lo d Cha cellor. H e is called H is G r ace and Most R ever end F atner in

God and t P r imate o E u l and an d Metr oool ita n s yled f g , .

/ he e n f or si r o f . T l ve ARGENT Fr ch word , which m etal all white fi elds or charge s

are e c See . 1 . suppos d to onsist . p 7

5 4 Dictionary of Heraldic Te rms

T t o x e the n AR M ED . his word is used e pr ss hor s , hoofs e n an e b ak , teeth , or talo s of y b ast or

e en ff e e bird of pr y, wh borne of a di r nt

tincture from those of their bodies .

- riffin E x . Crest, a demi g argent, armed

gul e s .

S are AR M ES PARLANTE , or Canting Arms, such as are e r the n n e adapt d f om ame of the perso who bears th m ,

e. . e . g , Bells for B ll

r h n ar ma si ni S. e t e AR M A word d ived from Lati , which g in e n n fie s h raldry a mark of honour, servi g to disti guish

e tc. states , cities, families,

e e n . A R R ows. Short darts feather d at the ds

E x . n e n Arge t, three arrows pal ways , poi ts

in e e e . chi f sable, f ather d proper

n e in ASPECTANT . A imals placed face to fac a charge are

said to be asp ectant . If th e y are about to attack e ach

e are t n . oth r, they said to be comba a t m ASSU M PTIVE . Arms assu ed without legal authority .

n ASSURGENT . A man or beast risi g out of the sea is said

to be assurge nt .

A T GAZE . See GAZE .

n ATTIRED . Whe the horns of a stag are of f re t t n e t o its a dif e n i ctur head , it is said t o b e t t attired of that inc ure .

E x . n Arge t , a stag lodged , proper,

attired or .

AUG M ENTATION . This word sig nifie s in h eraldry a par ticul ar n n e e n in mark of ho our, gra ted by the sov r ig 5 5 Manual of Heraldry

n n e n n co sideratio of som oble actio , or by favour,

and e t n i her quartered with the family arms , or bor e

on an e e n n . escutch on , chi f, or ca to

E e on e x . E rmin , a ch vron azure , three ’ x The e e e n . fo es heads ras d, arg t

n t n on e augme ta io is a canton azur ,

r- - a fl eu de lis arge nt .

he e n f r bl ue AZURE . T Fr ch word o : it is repre se nte d in heraldic e ngraving by

ne in n xe e x parallel li s, as the a ne d

ample .

. t ut BADGE A distinctive mark , wi ho t or rn e n mo to wreath, wo by s rva ts, e ne and t r tai rs, followers of royal y n t n ne t or obili y, who, bei g be a h the

n e n e e n no ra k of g tl m , have right t o

armorial bearings . The rose and

n the e the e n crow is badg of s rva ts ,

th n En n e tc . e : , of ki gs of gla d the y are displaye d as in the ann exe d

e xample .

. n t n BANDED Anythi g tied wi h a ba d .

E x . e n . T e e e Arg t hr arrows prop r, n ba ded gule s .

E . The r n f of T BANN R p i cipal lag a knight . he great banner borne at the funeral of a n obl ema n co ntai ns all the quarte ri ngs of his arms : it varie s in size accord

the n e h ing to ra k of the dec ased . T e banner of the 5 6

[ M anual of Heraldry

n Th spe cially summo ed by royal writ . e creation of

n e peers by writ of summo s was, however, supersed d h n n in t e time of Richard II . by the i troductio of h n in letters patent . T e first person e nobled this

n e n who ma n r was Joh Beauchamp of Holt, was create d Baro n Beauchamp by l e tters patent dated r o h 1 T n t October 3 8 7 . his form of creati g lords of

n n n n e I. parliame t was i troduced i to Scotla d by Jam s , and a disti nction made betwe en the mi nor barons (or lan ded proprietors who held th e ir e states u nde r a charter ’ n n e of barony) a d these lords . A baro s mantl has two ne n rows of ermi , and his coro et, a circlet of silver gilt,

e six n surmount d by silver balls at equal dista ces, with cap of crimson velvet having a golden tassel on the

top, was first granted by King Charles II .

A e e B RON AND FE M M E . Terms used in h raldry to denot

the a man and . rms of a his wife, marshalled together

- 8 . See pp . 3 5 3

BARONET . See KNIGHT BARONET.

E The t he . The BARRUL T. small e st dimi nutive of bar clos et is half the bar : the barrulet half

the closet .

E x . Gules, two barrulets argent .

BARRY. A field divided transve rsely into several equal e x n five in n n parts ceedi g umber, and co sisting of two differe nt ti ncture s i nterchangeably d is

’ T e s pos e d . h y mu t always be an e ve n

numbe r .

E x . e e Barry of ight pi ces, azure and n arge t . 5 8 Dic tionary of Heraldic Terms

S BARS, GE M ELS . See GEM EL .

- in th R W S . r n e e m nn BA I E C ossi g the fi ld a er of a bar .

E The t t the s e . BAS . lowes par of hi ld

BA TU N E . A . r r e BATON . B STON Is a fou th pa t of the b nd, n and is couped at both ends . It is ge erally used in England as an abateme nt in coats of arms to denote

and e x illegitimacy, is seldom us d e cept by the natural

and n n and issue of royalty their desce da ts, is then

represented as a baton siniste r.

E x . Or, a cross gules, over all a baton

sinister arge nt .

M n n BATTERING R A . A n i strum e t used for battering down the use n walls previous to of gu powder .

E x . n . Argent, a batteri g ram proper

Q

E . n n BATTLE A ' An ancie t military weapo .

Ex . x Argent, three battle a es gules, two

over one .

K Th e e n BEA ED . e b ak of a bird b i g of a diff erent ti nt from the body is said to b e beake d of a tincture or

e m tal .

’

E x . A n e eagle s head eras d gules,

beaked or.

5 9 Manual o f Heraldry

T the e t t B E AVER . hat part of helm t ha

d efends the s ight .

BELLED . Having bells .

E x . n Arge t, a barrulet gules, belled

with three be lls proper .

ne BEND . O of the honourable ordinaries formed diagonal li ne s drawn from the dexter chi e f Sini st e r base ; it gen erally occupie s a

t rt the s e n fif h pa of hi ld if u charged ,

- r o ne r . but if cha ged, thi d

E x . e n e n . Azur , a be d arg t

E . the r e the en n a n B ND SINISTER Is evers of b d, bei g dr w from the si n i ster t o the dexte r side o f the Shield it is

' se n in of r as ne ldom fou d coats a ms, it is recko d an

e n abatem t .

E x e n S n e . . Argent, a b d i ister gul s

in n IN BEND . Figures placed a sla ti ng dire ctio n from the d exte r chie f t o the si ni ster base

are said to b e in be nd .

E x t r x in e n . . Or, h e torteau be d

60 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

n e n BENDLET . A dimi utive of the b d, of the e S e b ut o n t he t sam hap , ly half wid h n of the be d .

E x . e e n e n Gul s, two b dl ts i vected

arge nt .

T n BENDY . his word se rves to de ote a field divided n n e n n in e and diago ally i to s veral be ds , varyi g m tal

colour .

e n six an E x . d B dy of pieces , azure

arge nt .

S . nt BE ANT, or BEZANT Gold coin of Byza ium ; wh en t he y app ear in a coat o f a rms th e ir

not n s colour is described : a besa t is alway or.

BEV IL L Y e . . Dovetail d

S . T r e BILLET his cha ge is, by some authors , suppos d to repre sent til e s or br icks ; by oth ers that it repre sents

e The n e an d r the r a l ette r or bill t . am fo m of cha ge

most accords with the latte r Opi nio n .

E x . e n e e Arg t, thr e bill ts azure, two e n ov r o e .

BISHOPS of the Church of England are spiritual peers of the re and e n n x n alm , as such have preced ce e t to viscou ts,

the n n ur and n e t e re Bishops of Lo do , D ham , Wi ch s r p n the t e n r n te cedi g o h rs , who ra k acco di g to da of

n nt Tw nt - t e r n appoi tme . e y four of h i umber sit in the

r House of Lo ds . 6 1 Manual of Heraldry

To in e n e an BLAZON . describe proper h raldic la guag d t n s t t r s c olours all tha be lo g o coa s of a m .

B T th n n or . e t e t fe en e BORDURE, ORDER his is mos a ci dif r c

in t r n fe re nt r n coa s of a ms, to disti guish dif b a che s of

e the sam e family . It is a bord r round the edge of the

S t t n the e shie ld . Its i ua io is always sam ; but the i nner

edge may be varied .

E x . n Arge t, a sinister hand couped at and t n the wrist erected gules, wi hi

a bordure azure .

N Y BOTTON N Y. BOTTON . See CROSS

- G . n t e n BOU ET An a cient wa er bucket, fr que tly borne in

shield s of arms .

E x . . Argent, a bouget proper

Two the BRACED . figures of same form , interlacing each

oth e r .

E x . e en Vert, two triangl s braced, arg t .

BR ASED and BRAZED are words sometimes used by ancient T e armorists . h y always describe things interlaced or

braced together.

S n or ff . BRI URE . A mark of cade cy di erence 6 2 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

t n A R R ow . n e n e n BROAD An a ci t w apo of war, hrow by It n e in an engine . is frequently bor e as a Charg coats

of arms .

. E x . Argent, a broad arrow gules

e e n . BR OU CH A N T. Placed ov r, or ov rlyi g

’ n C E SS . e ABOCHED, CABOSH D, or CABO ED B asts heads bor e e without any part of the n ck , and full

faced .

’

E x . e Argent, a stag s h ad caboshed, proper.

e . 2 . CADENCY. S e p 3

T . n e e t o CALTRAP, or CHEVAL RAP An iron i strum nt mad ’

n an n . T e e n an oy e emy s cavalry h y w re formed of iro , bei ng four Spike s co njoi ned in such a man ner that o ne It was always upwards . is fou nd in

many ancient coats of arms .

E x . Argent, a caltrap proper.

S . CANTING HERALDRY. See AR M ES PARLANTE Th CANTON . e French word for corner . It is a small n the square figure , ge erally placed at

x e the e in the de t r chief of shi ld, as

n n a exe d e xample . Whe n it is charge d h n It t e size may b e i creased . is said to repre sen t the banner of the a ncient n knights ban eret . 63 Manual of Heraldry

W n e an CELESTIAL CRO N . Disti guish d from y othe r crown by the stars on the points

or rays that proc ee d from the circle t .

n ff CHAM PAGNE . A arrow piece cut o the base of a shield n by a straight li e .

n e n n e n CHAPEAU . Cap of mai t ance or dig ity, born o ly by

n n . e l sovereig pri ces It is form d of i ilnl , ' e e e e t W crimson or scarl t v lv t, lin d wi h

In e n n e rmi ne . c rtai crests it is used i place of the

torse or crest wreath .

h e e t H . A n n n e o C APLET a cient or am nt for t e h ad, grant d n n n galla t k ights for acts of courtesy . It is freque tly

ne e in e r bor as a charg a shi ld of a ms,

and always t i nted in its natural colours .

E x . . Argent, a Chaplet proper

Th n n CHARGE . e figure s or beari gs co tai ned in an

e scutch e o n .

The CHECKY . field covered with alternate an squares of metal or colour d fur.

E x . heek e and n . C y, sabl arge t

s n r CHEVRON . Thi ordi a y is suppo sed to repre s ent the rafters o f the gable of a

house .

x e n e . E . Or a ch vro gul s

64

Manual of Heraldry

The n the the CLENCH ED . fi gers pressed towards palm of

hand .

E x . z e ext e e A ur , a d r arm vambrac d

u e e n e . co p d, the fist cl ch d proper

n CLOSE . Applied to a bird wi th its wi gs Closed .

n on - its S . n e e CLO ET A dimi utiv of the bar, being o ly half

width .

E x . e e . Or, two clos ts azur

E IR T e e is n n ' CL OS G . A figure whos dr ss faste ed rou d the

waist .

E ar. an n e e e t w t n Gules , a g l r c i h wi gs

e x n e cl ose irt . pa ded or, dr ss g

C E. . s LOU Nailed , said of horseshoes, etc , when the nail

are of a different tincture .

C . OAT AR M OUR , or SURCOAT A loose garment worn over the armour of a k night ; he nce the term mm of

arms . O n this garme nt were em blazo ned the armorial beari ngs of

the wearer . 66 ‘ Dictionary of Heraldic Te rms

The e rn the r nt COCKADE . black cockad is wo by se va s of e n n re t s n r t he e e n p rso s holdi g di c commis io f om sov r ig , h and t r t e t I. it da es f om ime of George , who bore as a T — h vassal of the Emperor . h e re are two varieties t e f an - and n e shaped, which is the military, a rou d shap ,

which is naval and civil .

K . e r n COC ATRICE A chim ical a imal , a cock ’ with a drago n s tail and wi ng s and two

legs '

n . an d n er r n COLLARED . Havi g a collar Dogs i f io a imals are sometimes collare d ; the supporters an d charge s

b e are generally said to gorged . See GORGED .

. n n . Se e CO M BATANT A Fre ch word for fighti g LION .

n n CO M PARTM ENT . A pa el or mou d placed below the shie ld on which the supporte rs re st ; or occasionally a

motto may be placed .

Th e n CO M PLE M ENT . e heraldic t rm for the full moo . Whe n this figure is i ntroduced as a charge in a coat

e n . of arms, it is called a moon in her complem t

e e n CO M PONY . A term applied to a bordur , pal , be d, or an n r e te n e y other ordi a y, made up of squar s of al r at

e n The n m tal a d colour . bordure compo y is the mark n of illegitimacy in Scotla d .

E x . e n an ne t e n e Arg t , i scu ch o azur , a n an bordure compo y or d gul e s .

6 7 Manual of ' Heraldr y

E n e t e e r . CON'OIN D . Joi d og th

E x . n ree e s r e c o n Arge t, th l g a m d, joine d at the fe s s poi nt at the

er x e the upp e tr mity of thigh ,

e xe in n e n e an d fl d a tria gl , gar ish d

spurred or .

ON T R N EE n n . C OU . Faci g the si ister

A n e r e n r . CONY . h aldic nam for a you g abbit

e r e n e the r CORDON . A silv r co d which circl s a ms of a

widow .

See W . CORONET . CRO N

h he n e n on S . O ne t e n e t e e COTI E of dimi utiv s of b d, b i g fourth of its size ; cotises are ge nerally borne on each n side of the be d .

E x . e en n Gul s , a b d arge t, between e he two cotis s of t same .

The cotis e s are freque ntly of a different ti ncture

the en from b d the y cotise .

The re n in n i h COUCHANT. F ch word for ly g dow W th t e r h r n h e s t e t a d t e e . Se e b ea t towards ea h, h ad rais d

LION COUCHANT .

E in COUCH E . Is applied t o a shield whe n it is placed a n n diago al positio .

n e n e h n o COUNT . A obl ma that was d pute d by t e ki g t gover n a cou nty or shi re : the t i tl e is not u se d in the

r e e his n e n e B itish Pe rag ; ra k is qual to a arl . 68 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

I e r ntr r e t in h E . n e t e COUNT R h aldry impli s co a i y, as following e xampl e s :

- h e nt COUNTER CHANGED . Is t e divisio n of the shi ld i o two rt one and one and r n n t pa s, colour metal , ar a gi g tha t he charge s place d upo n the m e tal are

h o t e and vice ver sa . of col ur,

x P r nd o n a E . e e a pal , or azure,

e r n t n e r ch v o , hree mullets all cou t

change d .

- Is e t o an r n r COUNTER CO M PONY . appli d o di a y of two e checks in width of alte rnati ng ti n ctur s .

- E D E e on t e s. COUNTER EM BATTL . mbattl d bo h sid

E - A n r n rn e nt e t fl eurs COUNT R FLORY . y o di ary o am d wi h d e - luc e : the poi nts of the flow e rs run

n alternat e ly i a co ntrar y dire ctio n .

E x . e re fl or and Or, a pal purpu , y n - cou te r fl ory gul e s .

E - SS Tw n s n n COUNT R PA ANT . o a imal passi g co trary

t e way to each o h r.

E x . n n n e r Or, two lio s passa t cou t nt e t he e r s passa gul s, upp mo t faci ng the si n ist e r side of the

n e s escutcheo , both collar d able,

n s e n gar i h d arge t .

-S Tw n COUNTER ALIENT . o a imals leapi ng fere n r t e dif t ways f om each o h r .

- E x . ent x nt e s e n Arg , two fo es cou r ali t er prop .

69 Manual of Heraldry

m n r cou er t o The e . COUPED . Fro the Fr ch wo d p , cut r s in the e x m e is e r t it e n cut c o s a pl coup d, pa of b i g off,

h e he s e so as not to touch t e dge s of t hi ld .

E x . e s . Azur , a cros couped argent

The e an n COUPED . h ad or limbs of y a imal cut close is

l e ca l d coupe d .

’

E x . r en b r e e A g t, a oa s h ad coup d e prop r .

- h r . One n t e n COUPLE CLOSE of the dimi utives of chev o ,

half the siz e of the chevro ne l .

- E x . r n re n e A ge t, th e couple Closes i t r e lac d ve rt .

n COURANT . Runni g .

E x . n n Arge t, a stag coura t proper.

W E i nifi s n . S e CO ARD , or COU g an a imal with its tail betwee n

its l egs .

The n e CRENELLE . Fre ch heraldic t rm for E . Se e embattled M BATTLED .

7 0 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

The e CRESCENT . cr scent moon with its horns turned up

wards .

’

E x . Azure , a crescent argent .

Th n o n e e e in CREST . e orname t the upp r part of the h lm t

heraldry placed over coats of arms .

The English royal crest is a crown surmou nted by

a lion statant guardant crowned , or .

The Scottish royal crest is an imperial crown sur n mou ted by a lion sejant guardant, displaying a sceptre an d sword or . The Irish royal crest is an ancie nt diadem sur

n e n mou ted by an mbattled tower, a stag courant issui g th from e portal .

The crest of Wales is a dragon passant guardant,

gules .

Crests are usually displayed upon a wreath as

in x x e - the anne ed e ampl , which is a demi lion rampant ; but when they issue from

mainten a crown , coronet, or cap of

h. ance they have no wreat Ladies, with x the e ception of the sovereign , have

. M no crest See HEL ET, WREATH, and A T M N LING .

S . i e CRE TED A cock or other b rd , whos comb is of fe n e a dif re t tinctur from the body, is said to be

cre sted . 7 1 Manual of Heraldry

T an n se CRINED . his is said of a imal who hair is of a different ti ncture from its

body .

E x . en e e ne Arg t, a m rmaid gul s , cri d

or.

h t o : e CROSIER . T e pastoral s aff of a bish p or abbot a v ry fre quent Charge in eccle siastical arms .

in . E x . e e Or, a crosier gul s, b nd

SS . A n n r e e se as e CRO ho ou abl ordinary, mor u d a charg

r n in a coat of arms than any of the othe s . Duri g

the e the re r the n Crusad s for cove y of Holy La d, the t roops of the diffe re nt nat io ns t hat joi ned in the Cru sad e di splaye d crosse s on th e ir banne rs and arms e ve ry soldi e r bore a cross upo n his dre ss ; this was compo se d of two pie c es of list or riband of e qual n T e n e n e . t he l gth, crossi g each oth r at right a gl s hus, En n e the e e and glish k ights adopt d cross of St G org , h The t e Scottish the saltire of St Andre w . soldi ers n e e e n t n e e the fl eur-d e of Fra c attach d th ir a io al mbl m , the n the e e e n lis, to e ds of m mb rs of the cross ; h ce

the n n h fl r The i troductio of t e cross o y. Crusaders from the Papal domi nions plac e d transverse pieces on

e n and each m mber of the plai cross, by this means t ran sformed it i nto four small cross e s spri ngi ng from a h e n re n t e s s e . c t , formi g what is now called cro s cro sl t It would b e impossible within the limits of thi s work to give an e xample of all the crosse s that have bee n

i hearin s . e r his ntroduced as g in coats of arms B r y, in 7 2

Manual o f Heraldry

e Cross molin . Cross quadrate .

- e . Cross quarter pierc d Cross of Calvary .

h . e Cross fitc y Cross patriarchal . Cross pot nt rebated .

W CRO N AND CORONETS .

The cro wn of t he Ki ng of Coro net of the Prince the United Ki ngdom . of Wales .

f Of a royal duke . O a princess of Britain . 74 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

r s Of a duke . Of a ma ques .

n n . Of an earl . Of a Viscou t . Coro et of a baron

n e . CRUSILY . Havi g the fi e ld semée of crosses crossl t

R M Th n n e . CUBIT A . e ha d a d arm cut off at the lbow

Th CURTANA . e pointless sword of mercy is the p ri n cipal in dig nity of the three swords that are borne naked b e fore the British n r n mo a chs at their coronatio .

E - e DANCETT . A zig zag figure with spac s n n m n betwee the poi ts , uch larger tha in n the i dented .

E x . e . Argent, a pale, dancett vert

an n DEBRUISED . Any charge that has ordinary placed upo

it is said to be debruised .

E x . n n n Arge t, a lio rampa t guard ant gules, debruised by a fess

azure .

7 5 Manual Of Heral dry

n in it s DECR ESSA N T or E E S E . , , D CR C NT A moo wane whose hor n s are turne d t o the si ni ste r side of

the escutche on .

E x . n e s n . Azure, a moo decr ce t proper

i DEGRADED . Applied to a cross where the arms end n

steps .

T e ne sub stan DEM I , or DE M Y. his particl is always joi d to a

- nd n e e n e. n . e a i. tiv , sig ifi s half ; as, a d mi lio , , half a lio

The n b In DETRIM ENT. moo is said to e its detriment n e whe it is clipse d .

E x n n d etri . Arge t, the moo in her

m e nt sable .

in n DEXTER . A word used heraldry to sig ify the proper S e n t n the on he e right id of a y hi g ; that is, side t l ft of

e e th sp ctator .

. e n n r rn DIADE M A circl of gold with poi ts risi g f om it, wo n n n n Th by a cie t ki gs as the toke of royalty . e diadem

the n E of most of mo archs of urope, as

en in n n r t ne repres ted a cie t statua y, s ai d

and n n glass pai ti gs , resembles the

nne xe n r n n En n a d e g avi g ; the ki gs of gla d, from the

n n . re Co quest to He ry VII , all wo a diade m of this

shape . Th . e t DIA M OND hardest and mos valuable of precious sto nes ; it was form erly used by Engli sh he ralds t o de note black or sabl e in blazoni ng the arms of the

nobility. 7 6 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

E E The r n e r n re e DIFFER NC . te m give to a c tai figu add d to r t n o ne r n t e r coats of a ms to dis i guish family f om a o h , and to show how dista nt you nger branch e s are from

n e e . 2 . the elder or pri ncipal bra ch . S p 3

E e in n n DIM IDIAT D . Is wh n two coats u io are divided per

and o ne . pale, half of each removed ff DIM INUTION . A word sometimes used instead of di er

ence . i i S n n . n DI M E M BERED or Couped all the poi ts Cut pieces , but without any alteration in the form of the origi nal

figure .

S w n are x and DI PLAYED . A bird hose wi gs e panded legs S pread is said to be displayed .

E x . Argent, an eagle displayed

sable .

n 6 h DISTINGUISHED SERVICE ORDER . I stituted t September 1 886 n f v nd , is co ferred on o ficers of the na y a army who have bee n ho n ourably me ntioned in despatches n e in of meritorious or disti guished servic war.

Th n . e e n e e DOR M ANT Fre ch word for sle pi g, us d to d note t he n posture of a lio , or any other beast reposing .

See LION .

. The n n and o the DOUBLINGS li i g of robes of state, als of n n m ma tli gs in coats of ar s.

T S . Two DOUBLE RE SURE tressures, or orles,

one within the other .

7 7 Manual of H e raldry

DOUBLE TRE SSUR E FLORY COUNTE R - FLORY which surr o u nds t he Ro yal Arm s of Scotland is not n ow grant e d in Scotland t o subj e cts e xcept as a mark of royal n favour . It is ge nerally i dicative of

r n oyal de sce t .

e r r DOVETAILED . A t rm bo rowed f om carpentry t o show n t n e e e r ti c ures joi ed tog th r by rev sed wedges, which , ’ e n are n b i g shaped like doves tails, by joi ers called n dovetaili g .

' E II r erl x . a t Q y per pale dovetailed , or

and gules .

A n n t mix DRAGON . imagi ary monster wi h four legs ; a ' r nd e It is re e a . e n tu of b ast, bi d, r ptile frequ ntly bor e

in cre st s and charg e s .

E x . n Arge t, a dragon proper, tail e nowe d v rt .

’ S e n DRAGON HEAD . Part of a c lestial constellatio , used by an cie nt English heralds to d e n ote te nne when e m blazo ni ng the arms of sovereigns this style of h eraldry

has be come obsolete .

’ h n DRAGON S TAIL . Part of t e sam e constellatio ; formerly e n n n used to d ote sa gui e .

The e e e n x DUKE . high st d gree of British peerag e t to the r n T t is e e r m the P i ce of Wale s . his ti le d riv d f o Latin word dux : the t itl e of duk e was k nown in othe r parts 7 8 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

e e n En n of Europe long befor it was introduc d i to gla d . The first person that was created a duke in that

E the who country was dward Black Prince , was in 1 created Duke of Cornwall 3 3 7 by his father,

The n Edward III . title has since that time belo ged

rs - n t o the fi t bor son of the monarch of England . The earliest dukedom in Scotlan d was that of 1 8 Rothesay, bestowed in 3 9 by King Robert III . on n his eldest son , a title still bor e by the Prince of Wales, ’ and E at the same time the King s brother, the arl of

e the n e Fif , was advanced to dig ity of Duk of Albany. the and His mantle has four rows of ermine on cape,

n n e his coro et is formed of a circle of gold, surmou t d

n by eight golden strawberry leaves , with a cap of crimso

e l n v lvet, turned up ermine, and surmounted by a go de

tassel (see p . i . A u l a In EAGLE q in ornithology . heraldry the eagle is n n h n accou ted o e of t e most noble beari gs . It is sometimes borne double headed as in the arms of the

Emperor .

E n n n AGLET is a dimi utive of eagle, properly sig ifyi g a

. In young eagle heraldry, when several eagles are on

the same escutcheon , they are termed eaglets . h E . T e t e ARL hird degree of British peerage . Und r the Danish and Saxon kings this was the highest title n n En n n The k ow in gla d co ferred upon a subject . dignity both in England and Scotland originally was r n c om territo ial , and a part and perti ent of the lands prised in the earldom and the title passed with the

ne e ow rship of the estate . For many centuries arldoms have be en create d by Letters Pate nt under the Great i i r Seal, the success on being n terms of the remainde 7 9 Manual of Heraldry

’ n A n n e contai e d th e rein . earl s ma tl has three rows of

e n e on the e and ne e rmi cap , his coro t is a circl of silve r gilt surmou nt e d by e ight silve r balls raised on

nt s e e n the nts poi with gold strawberry l aves b twee poi , and n and a cap of crimso velvet, turned up ermine, n surmou te d with a golde n tassel .

E n n n E . e a d ARL MARSHAL OF NGLAND A v ry a cie t, r e e n ffi e fo m rly a v ry importa t, o cer, who had sev ral

t n n r cour s u der his jurisdictio , as the Court of Chival y,

th n H e e e the e Court of Ho our . still pr sides ov r ’ e e and n n e the e H ralds Coll ge, omi ally ov r Marshals a Th t E En n t . e Cour ti le of arl Marshal of gla d is now, and n e n r e in the has bee for som ce tu i s, hereditary family

e . n of Howard, Duk of Norfolk He has no jurisdictio ut n Th n o E n . e E t of gla d arl Marischal of Sco la d, a the e and n e in title held by K ith family, attai t d the

e n e r o th E in 1 1 6 had urisdic p rso of G orge, arl, 7 , no j n in r tio matte s armorial .

E S W A TERN or ANTIQUE CRO N . A crown with rays pro ceedin e e e g from a circl , call d by h ralds an E n n n in n nt aster crow , is fou d a cie

e e The n x achi v ments . a ne ed cut shows

its form .

E n e th LEVATED . Applied to wi gs raised abov e head .

E n e n M BATTLED . A li e, formed like the battlem ts on a wall

e . n or tower, is said to be embattled or crenell Wh e the lin e is used to form one of the

n t b e ordi aries, hat ordinary is said to

t e 2 1 . embat l d . See the lines, p .

E x . e e e Gul s, thre towers embattl d n arge t .

Manual of H e raldry

e n e the e e n ENDORSE . The s mall st dimi utiv of pal , b i g

- r n an one fou th of its size . It is ever charged with y

thing .

E x . en e e n e Arg t, a pal between dors s

gules .

e n ENFILED . Applies to a w apo which pi e rce s o r passe s

n e e r n etc. through a other obj ct, such as a h a t, a ri g,

A n e e n e e t ENGRAILED . y obj ct b i g dg d wi h small semi

e the n circl s , points turni g outwards, is said to b e

r e ng ailed .

E x . e nt e e . Arg , a pal azure engrail d

e m e e n ENHANCED . A t r appli d to b ari gs placed above n the ir usual s ituatio .

E x . e n t ee e n e e n n e Arg t, hr b dl ts, ha c d

gul e s .

E . T in e e t e n NSIGNED his word, h raldic d scrip ion, m a s s havi ng ome charge place d above .

’

E x . e n n e n Arg t, a ma s heart gules, r signe d wi th a c e l e stial c own or .

s ENTIRE . Mean s that the charge is e xtend e d t o the ide of

the shi e ld .

E T rn the t . RADICATED . o up by roo s 8 2 Dic tionary of Heraldic Terms

i nifi s n n n E . S e t RASED g a ythi g tor or plucked off, wi h a

e e e rt t o n e x it ragg d dg , from the pa which atur affi ed ge nerally appl ie d t o the head and limbs of man or

beast .

E x . n Arge t, a leg erased at the midst

of the thigh gules .

E . T an e n RECT his is said of y charg , aturally horizontal, n bei ng plac ed in a p e rp e ndicular dire ctio .

’

E x . r e n r A g t, a boa s head erect, and

e rased .

E . t t R M INE A whi e fur wi h black spots, e e ent e in the n x e x r pr s d as a ne ed ample .

1 . See p . 9

E T is e n R M INES . his fur r prese te d by white

S n ee . 1 . pot s o a black fie ld . S p 9

E . e S R M INOIS A fur, the fi ld or, the pots t in n exe or tuf s sable , as the a n d

x . 1 . e ample See p . 9

83 Manual of Heraldry

Th e -fish e t o E . e SCALLOP sh ll of a sea , us d decorate the palm e rs o n their way t o and from Pale stin e ; f requently used as n a charge i heraldry .

n ESCARBUNCLE . A charge origi ally formed from the iro n ba nds radiating from the ce ntre of the shield to

strengthen it .

The n on ESCROLL . roll or strip of parchme t which the

motto is placed .

T e x E SCUTCHEON . his word is sometimes used to press the e t e n the whol coat of arms, some im s o ly field

upon which the arms are painted . It more ge nerally den otes the pai nted

e n . The shi lds used at fu erals field, if the husban d is dead and wife

on x survives, is black the de ter side

o e nly ; if the wife is dec ased, it is on t he n black si ister side ; if both,

The x it is black all over . e ample shows that this is the n escutcheon of a deceased baro , whose lady sur 8 vives . See p . 3 .

E . n on SCUTCHEON OF PRETENCE A small escutcheo , which man e t he a b ars coat of arms of his wife, who is an 6 heiress . See p . 3 .

E x . Argent, a chevron or, between r e an th ee crossl ts sable, on I

escutcheon of pretence gules, three

quatrefoils argent .

The e ESQUIRE . d gree below a knight and above a gentle T t d ue b r are man . hose to whom this ti le is y ight 84 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

all the you nger so ns of nobl e me n and their e ldest sons

the n n t n t in perpetuity, eldest so s of baro e s , of all k igh s

and e n in t n of th ir eldest so s perpetui y, ki gs of arms,

e e n and h ralds , offic rs of the avy army of rank of t n and f n cap ai upwards , sherif s of cou ties for life , ’ -at - - serjeants law, king s counsel , serjeants at n arms , compa ions of orders of knighthood, certain ffi n o cers of royal household, deputy lieute ants, com n missio ers of the court of bankruptcy, masters of the

m n e supreme court, royal acade icia s, and any p rson “ ' whom the sovereign desig n s esquire in a commis n sio . For the helmet of an esquire, see p . 93 .

E The . STOILE . French word for a star It differs from the mullet in the number n n of poi ts, and four of the points bei g

rayant .

- - FER DE M OLINE . Same as Millrind

hbnourabl e n FESS . An ordinary occupyi g the third part of n n the shield betwee the ce tre and the base, formed by two horizo ntal lines drawn above and below t he centre

e of the shi ld .

E x . . Argent, a fess gules

The x FESS POINT . e act centre of the

x escutcheon , as seen in the anne ed

ex ample .

n f f . FETTERLOCK . A ha dcu 8S Manual of Heraldr y

h e FIELD . T e whole surface of the shield or escutch on ; it is the r n n the t n e n g ou d upo which i ctur s , furs , ordi

r s and r e s ar e re e e n e . a ie , Cha g pr s t d

T e n are d e FIGURED . hose b ari gs which picted with a human face are said to

b e figure d .

E x . . Gules, three bezants figured proper

The n n n n FILLET . o ly dimi utive belo gi g to the chi e f ; its widt h is one - fourth of the e and s chi f, is always placed at the ba e

of it .

MBR IA TED A n n n n FI . ordi ary havi g a arrow border of a differe nt ti ncture is said to b e fimb riat ed .

E x . e e fimb riated Azur , a b nd gules, n arge t .

’

clze x . FITCHY . Is from the French word fi , fi ed It is generally applie d to cr osses which have their lower

r n nt t x in n . b a ch poi ed, so hat it could be fi ed the grou d

ee SS S CRO FITCHY.

GON FA N A N FLAG . See BANNER, STANDARD, , GUIDON ,

PENNON .

A re e n FLANCHES . form d of two curved li es placed Opposite and near ly touchi ng each other in the

' e the c ntre of shield .

E x . re flanche Azu , a argent .

so Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

The exte and n e s e s an e FLANK . d r si ist r id of scutcheon betwe e n t he Chi e f and the base .

E x . e n e e e Arg t, thre mullets gul s , a com panied with se ven cross crosslets fitch — e in e one in y sable thre chi f,

e in n one in se . f ss, two fla ks, ba

r n n r r e FLASQUES . A subo di ate ordi a y fo m d by curved ne e n ot e li s plac d opposite each other, but so n ar as n i flanch e s .

E x . u fl as e . Azure , a q argent

- - FLEUR DE L IS . Suppose d to represe nt the

- is h r n o f h garde n lily . It t e bea i g t e

r n r n e and is n ot an in Bou bo s of F a c , n r o n fre que t cha ge British arms . It is

the mark of a sixth s on .

E . e n FL XED B t or bowe d .

i nifi s rn - - FLORY . S g e flowe re d or ado e d wit h the fl eur d e lis .

n n FOUNTAIN . A rou de l that is barry wavy of s ix arge t n a d azure .

EE E E n FOURCH , QU UE FOURCH E . Divided i to two parts,

e. . n e . g , a lio with a doubl tail

Tw n r r FRET . o laths i t e lace d in salti e wi th

s a ma cl e .

E x . z e r e r en . A ur , a f t a g t

8 7 Manual of Heraldry

T h FRETTY . his word denotes a field covered wit fretwork r n e or laths, c ossi g each oth r diagonally

and interlacing each other.

E x e . . Gules, fr tty argent

R F U CTED . Beari ng fruit or seeds .

R I n n the t FU SON S. Represe tatio s of steel wi h which a flint

was struck .

TH n he E FUSIL . Is lo nge r and narrow e r tha t lozenge : the n upper a d lowe r e nds are more acute .

E x . Or, a fusil purpure .

. A n n e GALLEY, or LY M PHAD ancie t v ss e l r e e I r l in p op ll d by oars . t is la ge y used t he arms of those West Highland clans who formed the vassals of the a ncie nt

Lord of the Isles .

. e e n n GA M B An obsol t Fre ch word, signifyi g and t in e a leg , is s ill used h raldry, for the l eg of a lio n or other creature borne in

o f coats arms .

Th GARB . e h e raldic term for a sheaf of any n ki d of corn .

E x . e nt e Arg , a garb prop r.

88

Manual of Heraldry

n n t n . GILLYFLOWE R . A flowe r re se mbli g a car a io or pink

e n GOBONY . Sam as Compo y Th n e s r n . e GOLPS. Rou d l of a pu ple ti cture n ot t e the n e n te s colour is s at d, as ame d o

the colour.

n r n s e se G ON FA N A N . A lo g flag susp e nde d fr om a t a v r bar - e f and nt e e . attach d to a staf , poi d or swallow tail d It

an e nn is eccl siastical ba er s

n n GORGED . A y a imals that have collars n h rou d t e ne ck are said to be gorge d .

’ n e E x . A swa s head eras d at the

neck , ducally gorged or.

r GORGES. Whi lpools .

. e n GRIFFIN, or GRYPHON A chim rical a imal , the e r n the e e and for pa t havi g h ad, l gs,

o n an e e and the o e r tal s of agl , th r pa t,

t and n e e n t o f t he wi h tail hi d l gs, b i g hat ’

I h s e n n e . n . t a a e lio larg wi gs, like agl s

n out the e . GUARDANT. Looki g from fi ld

- n GUIDON . A small semi oval flag us e d i n n It e ner fu e ral proce ssio s . is g ally charg e d with the pate rnal arms of h t e d e ce ase d .

s o r e rn e e and GUIGE . A h ulde b lt wo ov r right should r

u se d som e tim e s to suppo rt the s hie ld .

i ni r . is r se n GULES. S g fies e d It re p e nte d i e ngraving b y li ne s ru n ni ng parall e l

e er ro the e t o the with ach oth , f m chi f

e in the e x m e . See . 1 8 . bas , as a pl p 90 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

E e the t n GUTT E . A term d rived from La i is nk e u tta d IO . e word g , a p A fi ld spri l d o r e é e r s e r d e s m of d ops of gold, ilv ,

e t n e tc . larm s ( ears) , de sa g (blood),

n n t n . GU ZES. Rou dels of a sangui e i cture

n GYRON . A tria gular figure formed by two lines from one of the angles of the shi e ld

to the ce ntre . The gyro n may be drawn

in S any part of the hield , but it is gener

in n x x ally placed as the a ne ed e ample .

e GYRONNY. When the fi ld is covered with gyrons t n in n points uni i g the ce tre .

E x . n l eces a Gyron y of eight p , zure,

argent and gules .

HABERGEON . A coat of mail : it is also called a corselet and cuirass

E x . r A gent, an habergeon proper .

H B . , A ITED Clothed figures either as charges or supporters ,

are said to be habite d .

HA M E. A horse collar.

. n the HARPY A chimerical a imal, having e and r n h ad b east of a woma , and the

and e body l gs of a bird .

. 9 [ Manual of Heraldry

. 8 E See . . HATCHM ENT, or FUNERAL SCUTCHEON p 3

. in r n re n t HAURIANT A fish , a pe pe dicular di ctio , wi h its

h ead upwards .

— E x . Argent, a salmon hauriant proper.

A n HELM ET. ancient piece of defensive armour for the n an head it covered the face, leavi g aperture in the Th nt : . e fro , secured by bars this was called the visor helmet is now placed over a coat of arms ; and by the ' t ' me al from which it is made, the form , and position , den otes the rank of the person whose arms are n emblazoned be eath it . The helmets of sovereigns are formed of burnished

: r n and gold those of p i ces peers, of every degree, n and silver, gar ished with gold ; knights, esquires, n o ge tlemen , p lished steel . All helmets were placed on profile till about the 1 600 n year , when the prese t arrangements appear to

have been introduced into armory .

The positio n of the helmet is a mark

n The n of disti ction . direct fro t view of the grated helm et belongs to sove

n and six . reig princes, has bars

The grated helmet in profile is com e mon to all degrees or peerag , with

five bars .

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Manual of Heraldry

E e n e an n r HUM TTY. A term used to d ot ordi a y, re e cut o ff it which a coup d or , so that o f th s e d o e s n ot t o uch the e dge s e hi ld .

t E x . r en e s e A g t, a f s hum ty gules,

between three mullets sable .

H e . URST. A clump of tre s

e e e x HURTS . Blu round ls : the colour is pre sse d in the name ; there fore t he t i ncture is n ot otherwise named in emblazonin g a

r coat of a ms .

e S are I M BUED . W apons potted with blood said to b e e The e x imbu d . ample shows a spear

h ead imbued .

Two n I M PALED . coats of arms, co joined pale

in on e . ways, shield

E x . r e n s e e A g t, a fe s gul s, impal d with

e n n . . arg t, a be d azure See p . 3 5

V n 8 . 1 0 2 I M PERIAL SER ICE ORDER I stituted th August 9 , ’ and co nferred on civil servants afte r twenty- five years (si xteen y ears in an u nhealthy region and twenty in n I dia) meritorious service .

S E . The new n t her INCRE C NT moo , wi h horns turned towards the dexter side of

the shie ld .

E x . e n e e n Azur , a moo incr sc nt arge t .

943 Dictionary o f H e raldic Terms

e r e fi e INDENTED . A s rat d gur , much smaller

than the danc e tte.

E x . e . Or, a chi f gules , indented

Th e e n n INESCUTCHEON . e nam giv to small escutcheo s

forming a beari ng of a coat of arms .

E x . n . Argent, three inescutcheo s gules

e e t i e the INVECTED . A lin form d wi h small semic rcl s , with n poi nts turne d i nward . A ny ordi ary drawn with this n li ne is calle d i ve cte d .

E x . n e n Arge t, a b d gules, invected

betwe e n two hurts .

n IRRADIATED . Surrou ded by rays of light .

S S . n i . I SUANT, or I SUING Proceedi g from , or ssuing out of

’ r JESSES . St aps of hawk s bells .

e . 1 t . KING OF AR M S. S e p 0 e seq

n e KNIGHT . A title of honour co nf e rre d upo a s ubj ct for e e n n he e min t services p erform e d in war . I t cours of

t e n ne e and t e im , k ights who had gai d rich s high ti l s form e d soci e ti e s u nde r the co ntrol and di rectio n o f h i t the ir mo narchs in e ve ry par t of Europ e . T e l mi s of this work will o nly p e rmit us to notic e the orde rs

n n of knigh thood i troduced i to Britain . 95 Manual of Heraldry

The KNIGHTS-BACHELOR S were the earliest order ~ of knight h e m n n hood in Englan d . T e titl was for erly o ly co n n nd e e i . a ferr d for servic s war It was merely perso al , , like the knighthood co nfe rred upon individuals at the

e did n ot n . present tim , desce d to their posterity

- T n and e e K NIGHTS BANNERET . his ancie t honourabl ord r n t ne the e nn has become exti ct . It ob ai d titl of ba eret from the knights having the right of havi ng a square

nne o n the e e and ba r borne before them fi ld of battl , e the at jousts and tournaments . Sir W . Segar giv s followi ng account of the creatio n of a kn ight

nn e m e an ba er t It is a ilitary ord r, d can o nly b e co nferre d upon person s that have pe rformed some h eroic act n n in the fi eld . Whe this action is k own the k n to i g, or general of the army, he commands the attendance of the gallant

o l e d n n warri r, who is , betwee two k ights, i nto the presence of the king or ge ne ral

t e nn n in n and wi h his p o of arms his ha d , there the

heiald s r e e proclaim his me it, and d clar him fit to

e n - nne r and e n e s becom a k ight ba et, th c forth to di play n T n a ban er in the field . he the king or ge ne ral cause s the poi nt of the penn on to be cut off to make

it e n e t O n it square ; is th plac d at the p of his la ce,

the -m e n and new ad knight returns to his te t, the ' e n n e n - nn trump ts sou di g befor him . K ights ba eret

e re e n re e in the e n E I w c rtai ly c at d r ig of dward . , but n e e i t how lo g b for that time it is mpossible to e ll .

S TH E E is n KNIGHT OF GART R . This the old e st a d most ho n ourable o rde r of k nighthood in Eu rope : it was n E fou ded by dward III . in 1 344 the frat ernity con 96

Manual of H e raldry

Rod . The chape l of the order is in St Giles

e r E n r . Cath d al, di bu gh

S ST T t was KNIGHT OF PATRICK . his illus rious Irish order

n e e e . 1 8 . It t the fou d d by G org III , 7 3 consis s of ere n r n e the r n e the sov ig , a g a d mast r, p i c s of blood

an d t en - n The - e e n royal , w ty two k ights . lord li ut na t h T for t e tim e being is gran d mast er . he device o n

the e t r e e n jew l of his o d r is arg t, a saltire gules sur

nt t t re e t t er mou ed wi h a foil v r , charged wi h three imp ial

n e n e in crow s or, the whol i clos d a circle of gold, bear

A BI ing the motto QUI S SEP R A T. M DCCLXXXIII .

S E e r n nex n KNIGHT BARON T . A d g ee of ho our t to a baro , re e n in 1 6 1 n c at d by Ki g James VII . , 9, to i duce the English gentry to settle in the pro

n e The n and vi c of Ulster . title is k ight ne e r The r baro t it is h editary . a ms of

r ne En n e t n an d ba o ts of gla d, Gr at Bri ai , the Unite d Ki ngdom are dist inguishe d by an augmentation of a human han d

e s ne on an e e n in the ent e gul , bor scutch o c re or chi f

t he of shi eld .

n er n t te K NIG HT BARON ET OF NOVA SCOTIA . A ord i sti u d n e s in 1 62 n e by Ki g Jam VI . 5 , to i duc

a r h capitalists to settle In th t pa t of Nort r The e : Ame ica . title is h reditary the n arms , which are borne on a ca ton , or

n e o a badge suspended below the shi ld, ’ n n o , are arge t, St A drew s Cr ss azure n n surtout an escutcheo or, with a lio rampant gule s within a doubl e tre ssure BA DG E O F the e e n n r n . of sam , sig ed by a oyal crow N O V A SCOTIA e 1 0 These cr ations ceased in 7 7 . 98 Dictionary of Heraldic T e rms

S TH E A n n e n KNIGHT OF BATH . a ci nt a d hon ou rabl e t r r n t It mili a y o der of k igh hood . was e stabli she d in

n i 1 En n . n r n t n gla d by He ry IV , 3 99, who at his co o a io

6 n t and e created 4 K ights of the Ba h , r vived by h in 1 2 . T e r I. t George , 7 5 chapel of his o der is ’ n V II s in n He ry . chapel Westmi ster Abbey : the Dean of Westmi n st er for the tim e bei ng is always dean of The n e th n the O rder of the Bath . umb r of e k ight s is n h r n accordi g t o t e pl easure of the sove eig . At the t he en n the r n e e n t close of P i sular War P i c R ge t , af er

e r e . e r n wards G o g IV , r modelled this o der of k ight hood ; and t o e nable hims e lf to bes tow marks of hon our upon the naval an d military officers who had distinguish e d them selve s on the oc ean an d in the

h h n s he e e t e . T fi ld, divided order i to three classe first an d highest are call e d Knights Gran d Crosses the n - n of Bath , who must be of the ra k of major ge eral in r- r in the the army or rea admi al navy . The s e con d class is calle d Knights Comman de rs of t he Bath ; a great n umber of naval and military officers above the ran k of captai n s in the navy an d

c ol o riel s in are tt e n s . the army, admi d i to thi class The t hir d class 1 s s tyled Compan ions of the O rder

the t an d f e o f n e r o r n . of Ba h , is Open to o fic rs i f i r a k “ There has also bee n aCivil divisio n o f t hi s orde r n 1 8 si ce 4 7 .

E n te o n KNIGHTS OF ST MICHAEL AND ST G ORGE . I stitu d 2 7 th Apr il 1 8 1 8 ; IS chiefly conferre d on t hose who have re n dere d dist inguish e d s ervices in the colonie s

n a d in fore ign affairs .

nst KNIGHTS OF THE ORDER OF THE STAR OF INDIA . I i tute d 2 rd e 1 86 1 r e n e e 3 F bruary , this o d r is co f rr d on 99 Manual of H e raldry

n e an d e in n and on e pri c s chi fs I dia, such oth r persons who have ren dere d important and loyal s ervice s to

n the I dian Empire .

S E E n i KNIGHT OF THE ORD R OF THE INDIAN M PIRE . I st tute d 1 st e e 1 8 e 3 D c mber 7 7 , to commemorat the pro H M n n . e E clamatio of . Q u e Victoria as mpress of

n IS n r n I dia . co fer ed o the same classes of pers ons

n as the Order of the Star of I dia .

S ns KNIGHT OF THE ROYAL VICTORIAN ORDER . I titute d 2 1 st 1 8 6 and n e rre on t e e April 9 , co f d hos who hav er te r an d e e n re n m i d oyal favour, hav r de d importa t

e h n servic s to t e Cr ow .

The r n LABEL . ma k of cade cy of an ’ e ldest s on duri ng his father s life

See . 2 . time . p 4

See LA M BREQUIN . MANTLING .

E er r r n r l an ue LANGU D . A t m derived f om the F e ch wo d g , t s n e s in e r the t n to ngue . I ig ifi h rald y that o gue of a

s f n n r bi rd or bea t is of a dif ere t t i ctu e from the body .

S T . LAR M E . ears

Th n in e . e LION lio was early adopted as a charge h raldry, and was appr opriate d by sovere igns and leadi ng n obl e s

r It in the the for th eir a ms . thus appears arms of

n n and en r an d on ki gs of Scotla d, Norway, D ma k, n F itz A l an and er in those of the families Bohu , , P cy En n e n gla d, and Dundas, Hom , Wallace, Du bar, n in n Th e t x t . e Lyo , and o hers Scotla d earli s e ample

n he e I. to b e fou d is on t s al of Philip , Duke of

r 1 1 6 The Flande s, in 4 . following are the most 1 0 0

MQ HMIRef Heraldry

o r ore l n s are ntr d u e e are If two m io i o c d , th y ’ se t o b e o n s e in e d t e r suppo d li wh lps , or h ral ic ms

lio nce ls .

rs e n s t n Two lion ce ls addo d Lio cel comba a t . or back t o back .

Lion rampant double A tricorporate lion

e e n . h ad d . guarda t

There are a numbe r of oth e r ways of introducing

n b e en n this charge . Ma y of them will se u der the s t s r n t n proper word hat de c ibe their co di io , such as

the e r er n on b word d b uised, wh e the lio is c fined ya

or ' t n - n fess o her charge passi g over it ; demi lio , or half lio n ; but the example s h ere give n will be suf

ficient t o e x n e t n o r e plai th ir posi io s, active passiv . The y are introduc e d in arms of every m e tal and

n t re n n in r ti c u k ow he aldry .

LIVERY COLOURS . Are formed from the principal m etal and n t e n t n ti c ure of the shield . Wh that i cture is e n the it e in d ull er gul s , red bei g royal livery, is us d a

n e to e by subj cts . 1 0 2 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

o n the t LODG ED . A stag sitting ground wi h

e rect e . its head i, is said to be lodg d I

n - r n LOZENGE . A diamo d shaped figure , but not ecta gular, it n e e n an d two of s a gl s b i g acute two obtus e . The arms of ladie s are always displayed o n a lozenge e o n instead of an escutch .

Ex n . . Or, a loze ge vert

w t . L OZENGY . Covered i h lozenges

and r . E x . Lozengy gules a gent

L . . UCY, or LUCE A pike (fish)

U . Th n er n e L NA e moo : it form ly sig ifi d argent in em n blazo ning the arms of sovereig s .

L Y M PHAD . See GALLEY.

e n MANCHE . An ancient sl eve with long ha gings to it .

E a . e e e s . Arg nt, a manch gul

1 03 Manual of Heraldry

. n n n e tc . MANED When the ma es of horses, u icor s, , are of a diff ere nt ti ncture from their bodie s the y are said to

' be maned of t hat colour .

n . MANTLE . A lo g robe or cloak of state

h w n n . T e MANTLING, or LA M BREQUIN flo i g drapery formi g the scroll-work displayed on e it her side of the he lmet

r e ne t t he e e ent n n en f om b a h wr ath , repr s i g the a ci t

e n the e n cov ri g of helmet, used to prot ct it from stai s

n r or rust . It is coloure d fr om the prin cipal ti ctu e and

et the and e m al of shield, is describ d as gules doubled

n and in e n n e arge t, so forth, the cas s of perso s u d r the ’ n ra k of peers . A peer s mantli ng is gules double d ’

e ne and e n e . rmi , the sov reig s, or doubl d ermine For many years in Scot lan d it was cust omary to make the nt n e e n ma li gs of all subj cts gul s doubled arge t, b ut u nder t he presen t Lyon the ancie nt p ractice was

. e n the nt n n e e t n revived Wh ma li g i clos s the scu cheo , i he e etc . t n t support rs , , represe ts robe of honour worn

by the party whose shield it e nvelops .

MA R Q U Ess. The e n e n in n nex s co d ord r of obility Britai , t Th n e r in in rank to a duke . e title was first co f r ed En n in 1 86 o n e e n gla d 3 Rob rt de V re, who was the t e n an d in n in 1 - 6 crea ed Marqu ss of Dubli , Scotla d 4 7 5

o n n n . James , seco d son of Ki g James III , who was n h created Marquess of Ormo de at his baptism . T e mantle of a marqu e ss has three and a half rows of e on e and n e e rmine the cap , his coro et is a circl of silv r gilt surmou nt e d by four gold strawberry leave s and four e s ern e and n e vet silv r ball alt at ly, a cap of crimso v l ,

rne n and n e en t e . tu d up ermi e, surmou t d by a gold ass l

See p . 7 5 . 1 0 4

Manual of Heraldry

T e n s . colour, u less for pecial reasons her fore, if the

e b e an the e one fi ld of y colour, b aring must be of

the et and n n of m als ; , o the co trary, if the field be of

one the e the n . of m tals , beari g must be of some colour A we ll- known exception to this rule is fou nd in the — arms of Jerusalem argent, a cross potent between

four crossl ets or .

MILLRIND . The iron plate placed o n the top of a grind stone to protect the hole in the ce ntre from the action of the axis ; it is a charge freque ntly b orne -on e scutcheo ns of persons connected with

agriculture .

E x n . Arge t , a millrind gules .

. e n n the n MITRE A sac rdotal or ame t for head, wor an o n e n n by archbishops d bishops sol m occasio s . Ce rtain English abbots formerly wore and n n mitres, they are freque tly fou d as charges in the arms of abb eys and

n er e The nnex r e re mo ast i s . a ed is a p sentation of the mitre of the archbishops

the En n and bishops of Church of gla d, born e as a mark of distinction ove r the arms of the

e n n see, or over th ir pater al achievements , whe impaled h with t e arms of their see . The Bishops of Durham were formerly n and princes of the Palati ate of Durham , wore a ducal coronet surmou nte d by a

m r T t t n n n it e . hey s ill re ai the coro e t a d

e an e n t n mitr as h raldic disti c io , borne

o the ver arms of the bishopric . 1 06 Dictionary of Heraldic T e rms

o e e n r e t n an d MOND . A gl b ci cl d wi h a ba d surmou nte d with a cr oss pattée ; it is an

e n n t n n n n . sig of royal y, sig ifyi g domi io

n MORION . A steel cap or helmet formerly wor by foot n n soldiers below the rank of ge tleme .

n n n e in MOTTO . A word or short se te ce i s rted a scroll, which is ge neral ly placed b en eat h the e scutch e on in

n in n n in e E gland ; but Scotla d, u less the cas of a Th n . e se co d motto, it is placed above the crest motto frequently allude s to the name of the beare r

the t e e of arms, as the mot o of Lord Fort scu S S DU CU M n FORTE CUTU M SALU , A stro g shield is t the safety of commanders . Some imes the motto is the watchword or war-cry in the battle whe re the origi nal bearer w on the ho n ours that are retained by n n his desce da ts . Mottoes are not granted by the ’ e n Heralds Coll ge, but in Scotla d they are always n part of the achi e veme t registered .

n n h MOUNT . A mou d placed o t e base of the shield out

of which a charge may issue .

. n mol ett e the e MULLET From the Fre ch word , row l of S : t in in the nne xe a pur it is a star wi h five po ts , as a d example ; when more poi nt s are use d the number is

t . e e e e n sta ed It is som tim s pierc d , wh

it is described as a spur revel .

E x . e Azur , a mullet or.

MU R A IL E. e n e e A Fr ch t rm for wall d . 1 0 7 Manu al of H e raldry

E or MURR Y. A w d us ed by ancient armori sts i nst ead of n n sa gui e .

. re n t e mm n T s er NAIANT A F ch rm for swi i g . hi t m is u se d in heraldry when a fish is drawn in an hori

z ontal t n posi io .

E x . r nt n n A ge , a salmo proper, aiant , its head t owards the si niste r side of

he e t shi ld .

SS . re n r n n n It NAI ANT A F ch wo d sig ifyi g comi g out . is used when a lio n or any o ther an imal appears t o be

s n t he e ntre o f an n ri i g out of c ordi ary.

E x . O r r the e e , f om midst of a f ss gul s , n n n n a lio rampa t aissa t .

E E BU L Y en NEBUL , or N . A Fr ch word , s n n e re sen e ig ifyi g cloudy, r p t d by m m r e ne a cu v d li , thus

S Th n n . NIM BU . e halo place d rou d the head of a sai t

n s en n n re re e n NOBILITY. U der t hi d omi atio a comp h ded in t n — e s s nts and Bri ai duk , marquesses , earls, vi cou , n n r an are n e baro s o ly . A chbishops d bishops i clud d n the r n e t n t he n nen i a k of cl rgy. Nobili y o Co ti t

means t hat a person is a gen tle man of coat armour .

T h t he e NO M BRIL POINT . hat part of t e shield be low f ss

n . See . 1 e . poi t p 7 , l tter F

The s. NORROY. name of one of the kings of arm

. 1 1 See p . 1 08

Manual of Heraldry

nari e s o ccupy in an achi e ve ment are all de scrib e d in

r r r e s thi s Dictio na y u n de t he ir diffe e nt nam .

E IS er e ne e n se ORL . a p forat d i scutch o compo d of double line s going rou n d t he Shi e ld at some dis tance from its e dge ; it is half t he Width

h re of t e bordu .

E x . r e nt an e . A g , orle azur

VE A L L . T x n e O R , or SURTOUT his e pressio d scribes a r rne e n t er and n figu e bo ov r a o h obscuri g part of it .

x r and a. E . Quarte ly or gules, over all

n r be d vai .

O ne n n PALE . of the ho ourable ordi aries formed by two

er e n r ne r n r the p p dicula li s d aw f om base to the chief.

e e e - The pal occupi s on third of the shield.

n. E . Azure, a pale or

in th h . e t e e Y n PALL A scarf shape of lett r , formi g part e a of the v sture of a Rom n Catholic prelate . It is i ntroduce d as the pri ncipal b earing of the Archbishops

er r n . of Cant bu y, Armagh, and Dubli

E x . re e n Azu , on a pall arg t, four e s fitch e in e cross y sabl , chi f a cross

t he n pattée of se co d .

1 1 0 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

he . n t e t PALLET A dimi u iv of pale, which - th is one half of its wid .

e r PALY. A fi ld divided by perpe ndicular li nes i nto seve al equal parts of metal and ti ncture i nte rchangeably dis

posed .

E x . e s . Paly of four, argent and gul

and a PANACHE . A plume of feathers set upright borne as

crest .

A P I n . P N GOES. Parrots or popi jays

d e the E . Si nifies e an PARTY, or PART D g divid d , appli s to

e n n a te ne s ev ral parts of a e scutch e o p r d by a li , which always ru ns in the dire ction of o ne or more of the

n e n b e ee n in the ho ourabl ordi aries , as may s follow ing examples :

PARTED PER PALE AND PER BEND SINI STER . - n Counter cha ged , or and gules .

PARTED PER PALE AND PER CHEVRON . - e and . Gul s or, counter changed

I I I Manual of Her aldry

PARTED PER FE SS. A shield parte d in the cen tre by an n ne the e s horizo tal li through f s point .

E x . r er e n r e Pa ted p f ss, e g ail d , arge nt n a d gule s .

PARTED PER PALE . This sign ifie s a shie ld par ted by a

e en ne n t he e ntre s o t p rp dicular li dow c , tha one n n t s shield may co tai two coa s of arm .

E x . e e and en Parted per pal , gul s arg t .

S h . T e PA CHAL LA M B, or HOLY LA M B badge of the n T K ight emplars .

E x . e nt n n Arg , a lamb passa t, carryi g nn e t r a ba er charg d wi h a c oss . In Scotland the bann er is that of

r the cou nt y .

. n or n e e SS and PASSANT Passi g walki g . S LION PA ANT

PASSANT GUARDANT .

ee R oss. PATONCE . S C

in h nt h n EE . t e e t e e . PATT A cross small c re, wide at ds

Se e CR oss.

in PATRIARCHAL CROSS . Cross used by patriarchs the Greek Church . See CROSS .

A e x PEACOCK . p acock with his tail e panded is said to

b e in his pride . '

The n of a f ur the fie ld sab l e the ts . PEAN . ame , , tuf or See

2 0 . p .

E . re to ne e n ent e P ARL A p cious s , us d by a ci h ralds for n h arge nt in emblazo ing t e arms of peers . 1 1 2

Manual of H e raldry

the E E D . Cu t e e. PIERCED, or P RFORAT through c ntr

E x . r ent et e e s e A g , a mull pi rc d abl , o n e e t ree a chi f azur , h mullets h t e . pierced, of first

“ n s her n PIETY. A pelica is aid to be in piety whe s eated on her ne st and vul ni ng her bre ast t o fee d her n you g .

l n E . A n n e e e PIL a gu ar figur like a wedg , form d by li es ru nn ing fr om t he dexter and S iniste r chie f t t o the middle bas e . I may also issue t h from e base or side .

E x . nt e r e . Arge , a pil pu pur

PILE . Arms o r othe r charge s that form the s hape of a pile are said n bo r e in pil e .

n in E x . e t t ree s s Arg , h word nt s n r poi dow wa ds .

h i r e n . O ne o f t e s x ro n e s its o PLATE u d l c lour is a g t , but

the t n re is n ot n ne as the te s i ctu me tio d, pla is alway

silver .

E he n in her e n t e e n PL NITUDE . T moo pl i ud m a s a n full moo .

n r n e l s . P O ME IS. G re e ou d

m e the r is th PO M M ELLED . The pom l of sw o d e n f t h ro u nd ball o r k n ob at the e d o e hilt .

1 1 4 Dictionary of Heral dic Terms

r t n u s e n e PORTCULLI S . A g a i g s p d d by ns u e t o e n the e ntr n e chai , s d d fe d a c

It was t he e the t o a ca st le . badg of

r house s of Tudor and Beaufo t .

The e n : en the POTENT . anci nt ame of a crutch wh field is covere d with figure s like small cr utche s it is calle d potent ; when t he heads of the crutche s touch each

- n ee other it is calle d cou nt er pote t . S

2 0 and o SS. p . , als CRO

r ent an d z r n n d E x . e a A g a u , pote t n - n cou ter pote t .

EE e . POWDER ED . Se SE M

The t e o f r n e n PRINC E . ti l P i ce of Wal s is usually co ferred by sp ecial creatio n upon the e lde st son of the B riti sh

n . not t t . t n mo arch It is a heredi ary ti le All o her so s , n n r er n an d n e gra dso s , b oth s , u cles ephews , are call d

n r pri ce s of the blood oyal .

e n In n the e PRINCESS. Daught r of a sovereig . Britai ldest daughter of t he monarch is called the Princess Royal ; n the others by their Christia nam e s .

t the PROCLA M ATION . A publica ion by the authority of

n . t n new n Ki g Proclama io s of a sovereig , of peace or

war or t e m t e n e e , o h r a t rs of importa c , are usually r ad by one of the heralds at the Man sion House an d other e in t n r r plac s the Ci y of Londo , and at the Me cat C oss of Edinb urgh ; but in Scotland those o f a ne w sovereign

are E n e also made at the Gate of di burgh Castl , Holy

and t . rood Palace, the Pier and Shore of Lei h

- 3 T r n h~ es in a PROPER . his wo d is used t o d e ote t at charg n n e r in r r escutcheo app a th e ir natu al colou . 1 1 5 Manual of Heraldry

The r e r e PURPURE . colou of purple, d sc ib d in e ngravi ng by line s drawn diagonally fr om

the sin iste r to the de xte r side of the shield .

S S . 1 1 et se . PUR UIVANT . See p q

re . See SS E . QUADRATE . Squa CRO QUADRAT

nt e QUARTERED . A shield divided i o four qual parts by r The occu a cr oss is said to be quarte ed . quarter

in the ex e r 1 the py g d t r chief is ma ked , or first quarte r ; that occupyi ng the sinister

2 the e x e the n t r chief, ; d t r base, 3 ; si is e

in nn x e x . base, 4 ; as the a e ed ample

n e Whe a primary quarter is itself quarter d, t o b e n e - and it is said cou t r quartered, is

en n e re th called a gra d quart r . Arms a quarte red to n n r an n n s i dicate desce t f om heiress, for domi io , or a

an n n n n . 2 2 . augme tatio or special co cessio See p.

QUARTERED, or PARTED PER SALTIRE. A field divided by diagonal li ne s crossing

r in th n e the each othe e ce tr of field .

E n n e n QUART RINGS . A escutcheo divid d i to any numbe r of square s is said to co ntain as many quarterings ;

t n er hey may be as um ous as the arms required .

n r n r n s Whe a shield has a g eat ma y coats as quarte i g , n n ot b e r e the same beari gs should , epeated, if possibl .

- e QUARTER F OIL. A four l aved flower .

1 1 6

Manual of H e raldry

- . nu t e o f the e n e n o n e t r es RIBAND A dimi iv b d, b i g hi d l s t n the r ter or en et and n e er r t n ha ga b dl , v mo e ha

o ne - xt t he e si h of fi ld .

E x . e n . Gul s, a riba d or

RI SING . Appli e d to a bird about to fly .

r l l n e S. r o n e s a r fe e n ROUNDEL Small u d figu , am d f om dif r t an r See t t e s E e d t n e . m tals i ctu s i l , B ZANT, FOUNTAIN, S GU Z ES S E E GOLP , , HURT , ORANGE, P LLET, PLAT , MEIS n T E P O a d . , ORT AUX

re n r r n e . RUBY. A p cious sto e, fo me ly used i st ad of gules

S E o n e e t r e n n . RU TR . A l ze g pierc d wi h a ci cular op i g

E Th in r f or . SABL . e te rm used he aldry black

A n n n r . e SALIENT . animal spri gi g forwa d S e LION E SALI NT.

. O ne n r n t SALTIRE of the ho ou able ordi aries , by Scot ish ’ heial d s e n re e n re e e nt call d St A d w s Cross , b i g a pr s a I or e t io n of the cr oss of his martyrdom . t is f m d of t wo ban ds cr os sed diagonally in the form of the

et e ' n r e o ne -fifth l t r . If u cha g d it occupies of the

- s e r e one . hi ld, if cha g d third

E x . n s e e e . Arg t , a altir gul s

SANGLIER . A wild boar.

E n h . SANGUIN . O e of t e h eraldic ti ncture s It is a dark re d or blood colour. By som e armorIsts it is called 1 1 8 Dictionary of H e raldic Te rms

h e e . murrey . T e latter word is consider d obsolet See

1 . p . 9

Th ne e . e SAPPHIRE name of a precious sto , formerly us d

to expre ss azure .

n e te SARDONYX . A precious sto e, form rly used to deno sanguine in emblazo ni ng the arms of the English

n obility .

The n e e t o e n te e in SATURN . am of a planet, us d d o sabl n n e mblazo ning the royal arms by a ci e t armorists .

n n n n n e SCEPTRE . A royal staff ; a e sig of sove reig ty bor n n n e n t i the ha d . It was origi ally a jav li wi hout a

e e n e n h e ad . Sceptr s of the pr se t time are spl didly ice ce tr t tlz e d de corate d with jewe llery . T s p e w i /z ove

e n n e n is of gold, three f et seve i ch s lo g ; the cir

cu mf e re nce n n e of the ha dle is three i ch s , and two i nches and a quarte r at the e nd of the staff ; the pom e l is de corate d with a fill e t of tabl e diamonds an d othe r precious sto ne s ; in the c e ntre is an orna

e nt n and and e n m of e amel gems , gold op work with

e and n n is e nr e g ms diamo ds ; the mo d at the top ( ich d with a band of ros e diamo nds ; upo n t he mo nd is a s s e te mall cro s of Calvary, over which is a dov of whi e n e it s n e x e as the e am l with wi gs pand d, mblem of

mercy, the eye , beak and feet of gold . T/z e r oya l sceptr e w itlz tfi e cr oss is of gold ; it is

in n ee t n n n e -d e - six le gth two f i e i ches, the fl ur lis of l eave s ; the mo nd and the cross pattée above it are

richly e mbe lli she d with am ethysts and diamo nds . The uppe r par t is wre ath e d ; collars of g ems an d e nam e l s e nclose a smooth po rtion as a handl e ; and the fo ot is form e d of rich Sprays of g o ld and e nam els

e w n s j ew ll e d ith coloure d st o ne s and diamo d . 1 1 9 Manual of H e raldry

. i e e i SCRAPE A dim nutive of the b nd sinist r, be ng half

t e . its size . I is seldom us d in heraldry

E x . n . Arge t, a scrape gules

h t on . The r n e e t e e SCROLL iba d abov or b low scu cheon , which the mott o is i nscribe d .

n h e an t e e SEEDED . Whe t e see d of a ros or y o h r flow r is

ff n n o the t e see e . of a di ere t ti t fr m pe al, it is call d d d

e e ffi n SEGREANT . This term is us e d to d scrib a gri or

n n t t o wyver displayi ng it s wi gs as if abou fly .

x f n nt e e t E . A gri fi rampa , s gr an ,

gule s .

— SEIZE QUARTIERS are the arms of the si xte en great -great r n n n g andpare ts of a i dividual .

e E . SE'ANT: Fre nch word for sitting . Se LION S 'ANT

. n t e e SE'ANT GUARDANT Sitti g, but wi h h ad full fac d ,

r n o affro tee .

EE n f or r . re SE M . A Fre ch word st ewe d A fi e ld powde d or strewed wit h any obj e ct is said to b e semée thus a

- - e b e se é d e e é t tc. shi ld may m e of fleur lis , s m e of hear s, e

l o 0 ET I‘ IL r I I' con o In d S O o S ' . S e e e , FOIL l av s j in the e n c tre .

SHAK E FORK . A charge re se mbli ng the l ette r Y. 1 2 0

Manual of Heraldry

The e the en e in the l ngth of standard, wh born field , T denoted the rank of the leader . hat of a duke was se ven yards long ; a peer of lower degree raise d a standard five yards in length ; that of a knight

nn n r n ba eret was o ly fou . In moder times standards of pe er s or knights ban neret are seldom displayed but n n Th n n in fu e ral processio s . e sta dard is then lo g

an d n an d n e arrow, poi ted at the end ; that of a duk is about fift ee n feet in l ength ; pee rs of lower d egree

about twelve . The flag borne as the e nsign of a regime nt of cavalry is calle d a standard; The flags of foot soldiers are

e and are in n e one call d colours , usually two umb r, ’ a n being call e d the king s nd the othe r the regime tal .

. T e e st r e ente e nt STAR his c l ial figu e is always r pres d as arg , and has six rays or poi nts ; if it has more points the

ee ES . numbe r mu st b e named . S TOILE

A n n s n n t the STATANT. a imal ta di g still , wi h all its legs on

n e . grou d . Se LION STATANT

B- SU ORDINARY . See ORDINARY . SUPPORTE R S are figure s place d o n each side of the shi e ld

as r e in En e r r if to suppo t it . Support rs glish h ald y are grant e d o nly t o pers o ns i n clude d in the rank o f

n t or n t n r e r obili y, to k igh s gra d cross of various o d s

e T are u nder the s tatut e s of the sam . hey usually

two in n n r umber, but si gle suppo ters occur occa

n l In En n te ar r nte n e sio al y. gla d suppor rs e g a d u d r

rr nt in t n n o e r t o royal wa a , but Sco la d Lyo has p w co nfer th e m O II certai n class e s of pe rso n s who by

‘ c u stom have b e e n h e ld to b e e ntitl e d t o such . They

are e er t he re e se nt t e s o f the n r ns who p s , pr a iv mi or ba o

sat in n e e 1 8 n en e parliame t b for 5 7 , chiefs of cla s, g tl 1 2 2 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

men who can pr ove the imm emorial u sage from a p eriod lo ng a nte ri o r t o the pa ssi ng o f the A ct of Pa rlia

nt 1 6 2 and e r ns o n the s ere n has me , 7 , p so whom ov ig

h r r o n r net s n e r t e . co f red ight by yal warra t Ba o , as

not e nt t o r e . such , are itled suppo t rs

n n n SUR M OUNTED . Whe a figure or beari g has a other placed

it it is t o b e r nte . over , said su mou d

in E x . e re t Gules , a sword c pale, r e n s r n two e a g t, u mou ted by k ys in t e . sal ir , or

“ ESCU T The r n . See SURTOUT. F e ch word for over all E n L CHEON OF PR TENCE a d OVER A L .

T h f 1 . T s . e . Se e ABARD . e official dress of o fic rs of arm p 3

r e se n . is TALBOT. A dog fo m rly u d for hunti g It formed n ee n n and somethi g betw a hou d a beagle .

’

Ex . n t e e Arge t, a talbo s head ras d,

semé e of billets .

in E T W . O ne n e TENN , or A NEY of the ti ctures us d .em

It n r n e and blazoning arms . sig ifies o a g colour, is represe nted in e ngravin g by li ne s drawn diagonally

r the n e the e x r e the S e f om si ist r to d te sid of hi ld, trave rsed by perpe ndicular line s from the base t o the

1 8 chief. See p . .

T e b ar e at HUNDERBOLT is d picted by a twisted , inflam d he n s t n and n or e and t e d , wi h wi gs, havi g four f k d

r s in re s n r it s e n barbe d da t salti i sui g f om c tre . 1 2 3 Manual of Heraldry

’ The e t e t it s T . IARA pop s mi r , wi h triple r n c ow s .

e e n TI E RCED . Is when the fi ld of the shi ld is divided i to n t hree equal portio s .

e e in e x . TINCTUR E . A t rm us d h raldry to e press colour 1 See p . 7 .

Th n e re t ne o se TOPAZ . e am of a p cious s o , f rmerly u d i n stead of or in e mblazoni ng the arms of the English

n obility .

SE The e re h. TOR . cr st w at

R e d r n e . TORTEAUX . ou d ls

n in E x . t e x Arge t, hre torteau bend

sinister.

Y e n e an TO R TIL L . A d scriptio appli d to ordinary when

wreathe d .

T E S n in n OURNA M NT were combats of ho our, which k ights e nt ere d the lists to gain reputatio n in feats of

The n e r t ou r ner n arms . am is derived f om , to tur , from the horsem en turni ng frequ ently as they rode

n the e n re and n r h rou d closu , duri g the cou se of t e

h e n engagem e nt . T e d sig of tournam ents was to trai n

’ t n r e e the nobili y to the use of arms no e, therefo e, w r n t admitted to these sports but persons of oble bir h,

r t r e e who could p ove hei d scent, at least, by thr e

r n T e e re g e ne at io s . h y wer also requi d to be men of n n n t u nspotted ho our a d i t egri y . 1 2 4

Manual of Heraldry

en the t e re o e the e r s an d Wh spor s w v r, h ald pur s nt s e re the n e s and t t e s the n t s uiva d cla d am i l of k igh , an d pr oclaim e d the h e raldic ornament s which the e r n r n t t r e at the r n emp ro , ki g, or p i ce ha p esid d tou a m ent grante d to those whom he please d to rewar d or ur favo . Notwithstanding all the precaution s to prevent the mischief that might happen at th e se martial exercis es f ew were exhibite d in which a great numbe r we re not

‘ ’ n e o e e in the mel ee t e r wou d d, s m kill d , o h s crushed by

n the s ff r t the falli g of ca olds, or t od to dea h by the

n r n nd n n r e . a t hors s Ki gs, p i ces, galla t k igh s f om every par t of Europe have perished at differen t time s

e n n t n in e while att di g or aki g part those mimic battl s . Successive pope s thundered out their anathemas agai nst all that e ncourage d this warlike an d dangerous

n T se r in n n r amuseme t . ho who pe ished the se sa gui a y e ntertai nm e n ts w er e den ied the hon our of Christian

and tr n the n burial ; yet, so s o g was passio of the

n t E r t e e m r S r no obili y of u ope for h s a tial po ts , that

n t the r e e bulls, decretals, or a a hemas of Chu ch w r able

r n The n nd e . a to r st ai them use of gu powder, the conse que nt i nutility of armour to d efend the perso n in n d n n s ws t e an e t t . bat l , gradually put to hese a ima i g ho

The en . n in 1 tragical death of H ry II of Fra ce, 5 5 9, n e n n e who was accide tally kill d in a tour ame t, caus d laws to be passe d prohibiti ng t heir be i ng he ld in that

n T e n n in En h ki gdom . hey w re co ti ued gland till t e

nn n n e ' n begi i g of the seve t enth ce tury . An attempt was made to re vive these martial x t n in t n E l int oun e hibi io s Sco la d by Lord g , who pr oclaimed a tourname nt to be held at Eglint oun

t o n the 2 8th and 2 th 1 8 The Cas le 9 of August 3 9. 1 2 6 Dictionary of Heraldic Terms

e e n lists were duly prepar d , a cover d pavilio was erected t n the e for the accommoda io of ladi s , which would

e w co ntain 3 000 p rsons . In front of this pavilion as the thro ne of the Que en of Beauty (Lady Seymour) and he r

n . the n n e n n e atte dants Around lists , at co ve i t dista c s , e n the e n t w re arra ged t nts or pavilions of the k igh s ,

the n n n ne r over which floated go falo , or great ba , e mblazo ned with the arms and motto of the k night to

t e r The n e Whom h te nt was app opriated . k ights vi d with each other in the decoration of their pavilio ns ;

n en Th all was in accorda ce with anci t customs . e

e n n the nt n proc ssio of the ki g of tourname , the Quee

o f e t e e n hal B auty, wi h the judg s, h ralds , pursuiva ts , b erdiers m e n-at - the n , musicians , arms , as also sple did

n e n and nt n ts reti ues of the nobl challe ger the galla k igh , prese nted a scen e u nparalleled for magnificen ce and

e n ‘ E h raldic e mblazo me nt si nc e the days of dward IV . n the e r n e Unfortu ately, continu d ai cast a gloom ov r n e e e e e e e x t e this a imat d sp ctacle, which n v rth l ss ci d h t e highest admiration of all who be held it .

“ T S E e nt RAN POS D . Charg s or bearings placed co rary t o

e s t n th ir u ual si uatio .

E x . n e re n Arge t , a pil azu , issui g from e e n e r n the chi f b twee two oth rs , t a s

pos e d .

R F IL T e e - h T E O . hr le av e d grass : t e shamrock

n of Ire la d .

E x . r e nt t e e t e o s e s o ne A g , hr r f il gul ,

o ver two .

1 2 7 Manual of Heraldry

A n r n r an . T TRESSURE . o di ary not so b oad as orle res

e e ne e and sur s are fr quently bor doubl ,

e e and sometimes tr bl , are occasionally - e - li The ornam ented with fl eurs d s.

x e e ample co ntai ns o n ly a single tr ssure . The arms of the King of Scotlan d e xhibit an example of a double tre ssure

- r n nt e E T ES . fl o y a d cou er fl ory. S e DOUBL R SURE

TRICK is use d to de scribe arms which inste ad of be i ng e mblazon e d in the ordi nary way are m e rely ske tch e d i n and the n te e n n . , colours i dica d by abbr viatio s or sig s

T E . T ee o ns n n ne n e RICORPORAT D hr li rampa t, co joi d u d r

o ne e in th e s n . e n e Se S. h ad, guarda t, f s poi t LION T . The t n e e et n nn n and RIPPING mo io of d r, b wee ru i g n walki g .

E x . n . Argent, a stag proper, trippi g

T SS . n RU ED With clos e d wi gs .

'

TURBAND . In coats of arm s wh ere the

n was r s er t re t n k ight a C u ad , his figu of e It h h ’ appears . was t e form of t e sultan s t n urba at that pe riod .

n TURR ETE D . A wall or castle havi g small x th turrets . In the anne e d e xampl e e square t owe r has ci rcular tu rre ts at the

n e and e e e s t o b e e te . a gl s, is th r for aid turr d

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Manual o f Heraldry

Th x n VA M PLATE . e circular plate of steel fi ed on a tilti g

lance to protect the hand .

h th u e VENUS . T e name of e planet, s d for the colour

n e e n the r s vert by a ci nt h ralds, who emblazo ed a m of sovereigns by planet s in stead of metals and

colours .

E . ée n : VERD E, or VERDOY Sem of leaves or pla ts

E x . e e n V rt, a bordur arge t, verdoy of

tre foils .

n It e e n VERT . Gree . is repr s nted in e graving by diagonal li ne s d rawn from t he dexte r

to the Sini ste r sid e of the shie ld . Se e

1 8 . p .

S . t t n d e e e w an VI COUNT A i le of ho our, a gr e b lo earl , e e t t e - d riv d from the i l vic e com e s or she riff of a c o u nty .

n e e in En n in 1 0 e n enr It was first co f rr d gla d 44 , wh H y

V I. e e n nt nt cr at d Joh , Lord Beaumo , to be Viscou n Th n n n Beaumo t . e se ior visc ou tcy in Scotla d is that n o h r t 1 62 0 . of Falkla d , created November

n VOIDED . A term applied wh e any part of an ordinary is

l e ft open to the fi e ld .

E x . e s en s n ste o e Gul , a b d i i r, v id d, e n arg t .

1 3 0 Dictionary of Her aldic Terms

r n te in n e VOIDER . A subo di a ord ary occupyi g n arly the h wh o le of t e fie ld .

E x . re e r e n . Azu , a void arg t

The n n . VOLANT . Fre ch word for flyi g It is use d in h e raldry t o express the same

action .

n e n : an n a VORANT . Swallowi g or d vouri g y a imal, in

r e n n he re t e . cha ge, d vouri g a ot r c a ur

E x . e nt e n ne Arg , a s rpe t crow d or, r nt an n n vo a i fa t .

n s n nr e VULNED . Wou de d ; u e d i e mblazo y to denot

animal wou nded .

A n In the VULNING . y creature act of

wounding itself.

’ n d n e E x . n s e a Argent, a pelica h ad ck, e u rased, v lning .

in . t e WALLED A erm sometimes us d heraldry, ordinary is edge d or guarde d by an em

battle d wall .

' n h x . e e o c E zure, on a pal , wall d ea A i th t b attl eme ntsar e nt n side wi hree g , a n e e e dors gul s .

1 3 1 Manual of Heraldry

n and s e c o . WATTLED . Havi g a comb gill lik a ck

r e l ne s n t n e the e WAVY, or UNDY . Cu v d i , u dula i g lik wav s

of the sea .

h e the d E x . r ent t e A g , low r half of shiel

re e r re . th ba s wavy, azu

en the n e WINGED . Wh wi gs of a bird, or thos of chimerical n t n are ff re n figures which are draw wi h wi gs, of a di e t

n e e e are t o b e in e . t i cture to th ir bodi s, th y said W g d

T in r t te n e re hus, the a ms of the s a of Ve ice, th is a

n r nt n e or. lion seja t gua da , wi g d

n he n s re o en b ut n n S S SE . e t a WING DI CLO D Wh wi g p , poi ti g s downward .

n s are e e re t en WING S ERECT . Wi g call d c wh - the ir long feathers p oi nt upwards .

e n the e t er n WING S INVERTED . Wh f a h s poi t

downwards .

h r E . e r n t e e WIV RN A chim ical a imal , upp r pa t resembling

r n and st n o n t e . a d ago , re i g a ail now d

E x . n e n . Arge t, a wiv rn, wi gs raised

1 3 2

CHAPTER VIII

S . E THE ROYAL AR M . UNION 'ACK H RALDRY IN CON N ECTION S E E E WITH HI TORY, ARCHIT CTUR , INT RIOR

S E E TC. DECORATION , CO TUM ,

HERALDRY may be considered as t he symbolic history of the n e and t e n royal, obl , priva e famili s of Britai , from the Co nque st to the reign of Eliz abeth ; b ut it would require a volume of far greater preten sion s than t his to enter fully upo n the heraldic hist or y of e ve n the peerage ; which assertion may b e born e out by merely glancing at the shields contai n i ng the arms of the Britis h monarchs during r that pe iod . h e n I n ot n t e . the It was u til r ig of Richard , about year 1 1 8 ~ the e e r n e r ee n 9, that shi ld b a i g gul s, th lions passa t

n or n n e the En guarda t , became the cog iza c of glish sove

n r n E reig s . A ms have bee attributed to dward the Con f essor e n ne r t (azur , a cross moli e canto d with five ma tle s and the o r n n or) , to first f ur No man ki gs (gules, two lio s n r n or n o t passa t gua da t ) but there is au hority for these .

in e n e e n n E . dward III , cons que c of his pr te sio s to be

n n rtere rs and t Ki g of Fra ce, qua d fi t four h the lilies of nr in 1 0 n n in 1 0 and e . the Fra ce 34 , H y IV 4 5 cha ged é e fl eurS- - field from sem e of lilies to azur , three de lis or. This coat remain ed u naltere d till the Un ion of the Crown s 1 60 n e re e t n and in 3 , whe quart rs we add d for Sco la d n In En r e 1 st n Irela d . gland the a ms were marshall d a d 1 34 The R oyal Arms

h n En n t 2 n n 4t e , d t rd Fra ce and gla d quar rly Sco la d, 3 he r e n s in 1 0 e n n n t . m Ir la d, till the u io of pa liam t 7 7 Willia e the r s 011 s III . , however, bor a ms of Nas au a hield of h n n t n h prete nce . By t e Treaty of U io wi h Scotla d t e royal arms were to b e such as H er Majesty Que e n A n n e s hould e in n r an r e 1 th by ord r cou cil app ove of. By o d r of 7

The o rms R yal A .

April 1 7 0 7 t h e se arm s w e re appoi nte d to b e as follows r r I s n d th E n n an n er e z u d Qua te ly t a 4 gla d d Scotla d p pal ,

h n the se o f n e rd re n . O n t e s e s o Fra c , 3 I la d ucc si of Hou Han ov e r in 1 7 1 4 the ar m s of Ha nove r we re place d in the r Th m w t at the n on fourth qua te r . e a r s e re agai n al e re d u i w t r n ro m t n te I st n r 1 80 1 t o i h I e la d by p cla a io , da d Ja ua y ,

rte r I st and th En n 2 nd t an rd re an qua ly 4 gla d, Sco l d, 3 I l d, 1 3 5 Manual of Heraldry

n e e n over all in a shield of prete ce Hanov r, signed with

e n in 1 8 1 6 e . an el ctoral bon et, chang d to a crown On the n n accession of Queen Victoria, the Ki gdom of Ha over n having passed to the Duke of Cumberla d, the arms of and that kingdom were deleted from the royal arms, the n n prese t form came i to use . Supporters were not i ntroduce d in English h eraldry The S e previous to the reign of Richard II . hi ld of this an n e monarch is supported on each side by a gel habit d, and t c n e benea h the shield by a white hart cou ha t, gorg d

n he n . and e n . T chai d or, be eath a tree shield of He ry IV , the e n r n e found r of the La cast ian dy asty, was support d on x e n n the de t r side by a swa , on the si ister side by an

n and ne . The S e a telope, both gorged cri d or hi ld of

n e x n He ry V. was support d on the de ter side by a lio

n n n on n e rampa t guarda t, crow ed or ; the si ister sid by

an t e e and ne . . an elop , gorg d chai d Henry VI had two Th e antelopes as supporte rs to his achi eve ment . e shi ld of the n Y E on x e galla t orkist, dward IV . , is supported the de t r n n r e t he se e e n side by a lio rampa t a g nt, tail pas d b tw e his

e and t n n the n e te l gs, ur ed over his back ; o si ist r by a whi

h e an in n n . T d t e ' e hart, some i s a c s by a bull support rs of

e r t wo n e n the shi ld of Richa d III . were boars rampa t arg t,

e and t e . e n . . e e n tusk d bris l d or H ry VII , as a d sc nda t of n e Cadwal l adar s the n the Welsh pri c , , as umed red drago as the supporter of the dexte r side of his shield ; the si nister

e o n e n r . being support d by a greyh u d arg t, colla ed gules

n x e The shi e ld of H e ry VIII . was support e d on the de t r

e n nt ne on the s n t sid by a lio guarda , crow d or ; i is er by

he e s e . n . t a drago gul es Edward VI . had sam upport rs o n her m r e t n the Mary, ar iag wi h Philip of Spai , impaled arms of Spai n an d Engla nd as bar on and fe mme ; t he dexte r side of the shield was supported by the imperial 1 3 6

Manual of H e raldry

c n t he n n o n en guardant, row ed or ; on si ister, a u ic r arg t d n e e an ne . ma ed and ungul d or, gorg d chai d of the same The supporters of the royal arms have con tinued the same to the present time . In Scotland these various arrangem ents of the royal arms since the Union of the Crowns have n ot bee n acquie sced in n e and the . Withi that realm the arms, cr st supporter of Scottish king hav e always borne precede nce over those of the En s and e n f e n e gli h, this has be o ficially r cog is d by various orders by the sovereign in coun cil appr oving of t his form for use on the Great S eal and othe r official seals n t e n n used in that cou try . It has fur h r been e joi e d by a recent order by the Secretary for Scotland for u se by all

n n and e n governme t departme ts , a special d sig for this

‘ purpose was prepared u nde r the dire ction of Lyon K ing of The m narch Arms . earliest use of arms by a Scottish o is fou nd on the Great Seal of King Alexande r attached to a e e 1 2 2 2 n e n n chart r, dat d , upo which app ars a lio rampa t

n the t e nte - fl or In 1 withi double r ssure flory cou r y. 4 7 1 the tt s n an n e Sco i h Parliame t passed Act which , fortu at ly, not e n the e s r t o was act d on, orderi g tr s u e b e d e le ted from the and in 1 8 n te t t the royal arms, 5 5 it was e ac d ha arms of the Dauphin of France should b e impal e d with those of Queen Mary . By Act of Parliame nt in 1 65 4 the arms of

. e e e n r e e t o e Scotland, viz , azur , a saltir arg t, were o d r d b

e on the e e in e t e the n plac d Gr at S al plac of hos of ki g, which, h e t e t e t r t o n . however, were r s or d at Res o a i The first appearanc e of supporte rs to the Scottish royal e scutche on is t o b e foun d o n the Privy S eal o f n r m nt Jam e s I . which is supporte d by two lio s a pa r n Th n n r n h e t e gua da t . e u icor doe s not app ea o t e Gr a S al t the e n e n r 1 b ut on one o f the ill r ig of Que Ma y, 5 5 5 , t re e e r e e te 1 0 t e e t e bu t ss s of M l os Abb y , da d 5 5 , h r is a abl t 1 3 8 t et c Heraldry in His ory , .

t the r r u t e n rns and t wi h oyal a ms s ppor d by two u ico , s ill e arlie r a s i ngl e u nico rn is fou n d o n the gold coi nage of

n n the S . Ki g James III . supporti g hield

The r ms of t he n o f ot n A Ki g Sc la d.

Ireland never havi ng b e en a kingdom in the same sense

En n an d t n n ot e an n as gla d Sco la d, did hav y arms u til com

ara i l r The n w e t o r r n t ve e n t e . o e e p y mod im s harp , us d ep s t I 39 Manual of Heraldry

e n fi n the r t he n n Ir la d , was rst introduced i to oyal arms at U io o f the ro n s in 1 60 . It r r e re C w 3 had p eviously, howeve , app a d o n the r n the T r e re n e o re I ish coi s of udo sov ig s, which, b f t t n n in e ha time, had bor e the three crow s pal , which had

e e n r nt e r . r e b g a d by Richa d II to Robe t de Vere, Duk of e n an en n his r Ir la d, as augm tatio to a ms . It was also carried at the funeral of Quee n Elizabet h as the banne r

n of Ire la d .

The or r and ROYAL BANNER, , as it is more popula ly “ ' n re t the n n the i cor c ly called, royal standard, co tai s four

r n th qua te ri gs of e royal arms . No subject may fly t his n h n is e n re n In t n flag u less t e ki g p rso ally p se t . Sco la d a practice has arise n in re cent times of flying the old royal

nne the tt n in m n ba r of Sco ish ki gs , the istake idea that it is

h n t n T n ot d is l a s a r t e a io al flag . his only p y lack of histo ical

n e o n the n b ut k owledg the part of perso s who do so, it

e x r r the is ill gal , as it is the e clusive pe sonal p operty of

e e n and n n n the 1 6 2 . sov r ig , a co trave tio of Act of 7 The national flag of the U nite d Ki ngdom is the UNION

an s . JACK, which may be flown by y Briti h subject It was fir st compose d in 1 60 6 by conjoi ning the flag of England

n r t t n e r (arge t, a c oss gules) wi h hat of Scotla d (azur , a salti e

nt the r ed fimb riat ed te n arge ) , cross of St George whi bei g h n n superimpose d on t e Scottish e sig . As the Scottish p e ople re sented this placi ng of the English cross on the t o t it ene r n in n t p of heir flag, was g ally flow Scotla d wi h the ’ t s s r St e n 1 0 en Scot i h alti e above the Georg s Cross u til 7 7 , wh h n n t he Jack was declared to be t e flag of Great Britai . O n n t re n In 1 80 1 n t the u io wi h I la d a other sal ire, supposed to ’ b e t n n t t n St Pa rick s Cross , was co joi ed wi h that of Sco la d in such a manner that In the part next the hoist the Scottish

e in t e r one half is upp rmost, and the o h r half the I ish is

e so plac d . 1 40

Manual of H e raldry

the n s the T e at e s t e Chapel of K ight of histl St Gil Ca h dral, E n and it b e e ett e t n di burgh, is to much r gr d tha owi g to the ne the n the s e e e t n small ss of buildi g full ch m of d cora io , by having the ban ner s of the knights place d over t heir

t o n n . stalls, has had be aba do ed

n n e n t ne Numerous i sta c s may be fou d, ei her in stai d l n n r e n e n g ass, mo ume tal b ass s, or illumi ated g ealogies, of

e ar n e e on e f male figures be i g h raldic d vices th ir apparel . A married lady or widow had her paternal arms e mblazoned r e n upon the fore pa t of her v st , which by ancie t writ ers is

and r t he n on he called the kirtle, the a ms of husba d t

an d e n and mantle, being the outer the most costly garm t,

r T t he re fore de emed the most ho n ou able . his is call ed n n b earing arms kirtl e a d ma tle . In some of the later monumental brasses the arms on female figures are arrange d diffe rently ; the arms of the

n n on the t nt e n n baro appeari g ou side of the ma l , ha gi g over the e x e S er t he t er n r the e on d t r hould , pa al a ms of f mme the lini ng of the mantle turned outwards on the sinister side of the figure .