Ipm Guidance Manual by Pest Types

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ipm Guidance Manual by Pest Types Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Integrated Pest Management Program Guidance Manual PREPARED FOR: Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District 330 Distel Circle Los Altos, CA 94022 PREPARED BY: May & Associates, Inc., Shelterbelt Builders, Inc. and Ascent Environmental, Inc. 455 Capital Mall, Suite 300 Sacramento, CA 95814 September 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. V 1 OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 The IPM Approach ........................................................................................................................ 1-2 1.2 QUICK REFERENCE TO THE IPM GUIDANCE MANUAL BY PEST TYPES ......................................... 1-3 2 IPM DEFINITION AND POLICY .......................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Defining IPM and pests................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 IPM PoLICY .................................................................................................................................... 2-2 3 THE IPM PROGRAM ........................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Decision-Making and Record-keeping .......................................................................................... 3-5 3.3 Prioritization ................................................................................................................................. 3-7 3.4 Reporting ...................................................................................................................................... 3-9 3.5 Training and Safety ..................................................................................................................... 3-10 3.6 List of Approved Pesticides ........................................................................................................ 3-11 3.7 Notification ................................................................................................................................. 3-13 4 ASSESSING THE IPM PROGRAM AND UPDATING THE GUIDANCE MANUAL ....................................... 4-1 4.1 Criteria to assess the IPM Program .............................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Tracking the Program ................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.3 Program Evaluation ...................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.4 Program Modifications ................................................................................................................. 4-3 4.5 Updating the IPM Guidance Manual ............................................................................................ 4-3 5 IPM PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................. 5-1 6 IPM IN BUILDINGS ........................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Definition and Purpose ................................................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 TypeS of Pests ............................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.3 Pest Identification ........................................................................................................................ 6-2 6.4 Preventive and General Maintenance Activities .......................................................................... 6-2 6.5 Damage Assessment..................................................................................................................... 6-6 6.6 Tolerance Levels/Threshold for Action ........................................................................................ 6-6 6.7 Active Pest Control Treatment Options ....................................................................................... 6-8 7 IPM FOR RECREATIONAL FACILITIES ................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Definition and Purpose ................................................................................................................. 7-1 7.2 Type of Pests ................................................................................................................................ 7-1 7.3 Pest Identification ........................................................................................................................ 7-2 7.4 Prevention and Retrofit ................................................................................................................ 7-2 7.5 Damage Assessment..................................................................................................................... 7-5 7.6 Tolerance Levels/Threshold for Action ........................................................................................ 7-5 7.7 Treatment Options ....................................................................................................................... 7-6 Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Integrated Pest Management Guidance Manual i Table of Contents Ascent Environmental 8 IPM FOR FUEL MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Definition and Purpose ................................................................................................................. 8-1 8.2 Type of Pests ................................................................................................................................ 8-1 8.3 Pest Identification ........................................................................................................................ 8-1 8.4 Managing Plant Communities for Fire Safety ............................................................................... 8-2 8.5 Prevention .................................................................................................................................... 8-2 8.6 Tolerance Levels ........................................................................................................................... 8-3 8.7 Treatment Options ....................................................................................................................... 8-4 9 IPM FOR RANGELANDS AND AGRICULTURAL PROPERTIES ................................................................ 9-1 9.1 Definition and Purpose ................................................................................................................. 9-1 9.2 Rangelands ................................................................................................................................... 9-1 9.3 Agricultural Farms and Fields ....................................................................................................... 9-2 9.4 Prevention .................................................................................................................................... 9-5 9.5 Treatment Options ....................................................................................................................... 9-5 10 IPM IN NATURAL LANDS ................................................................................................................ 10-1 10.1 Definition and Purpose ............................................................................................................... 10-1 10.2 Regulatory Background .............................................................................................................. 10-2 10.3 Type of Pests .............................................................................................................................. 10-3 10.4 Pest Identification ...................................................................................................................... 10-4 10.5 Prevention .................................................................................................................................. 10-6 10.6 Damage Assessment................................................................................................................. 10-14 10.7 Tolerance Levels/Threshold for Action .................................................................................... 10-14 10.8 Treatment Options ................................................................................................................... 10-15 11 GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................... 11-1 12 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 12-1 Appendices Appendix A Pesticide Technical Background Information Appendix B Forms Midpeninsula Regional Open
Recommended publications
  • Electronic Trapping and Monitoring of Insect Pests Troubling Agricultural Fields
    International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2015, PP 206-213 ISSN 2349-4395 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4409 (Online) Electronic Trapping and Monitoring of Insect Pests troubling Agricultural Fields Dr. S. Thangalakshmi1, R. Ramanujan2 1Associate Professor and Head, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India 2Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India ABSTRACT The impulsively fluctuating climatic conditions and the supplementary effects demand the protection of forestry and cultivation. Pests, bugs and insects are the vital issues that distress the development of crop. Eventually, monitoring and trapping of bugs becomes a more challenging task. The traditional human operators execute surveys of the traps dispersed over the field at regular intervals. This encompasses more work, requires considerable time and is not consistent. It is not effective on economic grounds too. These limitations in the existing systems call for automation with affordable cost. Effective pest trapping will be highly favourable to the farmers while capturing and sending the images of pests will be helpful for further analysis in agricultural fields. Moreover, this will be definitely helpful in reducing the usage of pesticides since automatic trapping is efficient and effective. An electronic trap for pest insects by an autonomous monitoring system using black lights (Ultra Violet) and LED lights is suggested in this paper. A statistical analysis is made on the probable time of high pest population and a trap with three layers of different thickness is designed to capture various sizes of prominent pests.
    [Show full text]
  • The Composite Insect Trap: an Innovative Combination Trap for Biologically Diverse Sampling
    The Composite Insect Trap: An Innovative Combination Trap for Biologically Diverse Sampling Laura Russo1*, Rachel Stehouwer2, Jacob Mason Heberling3, Katriona Shea1 1 Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2 Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, 3 Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America Abstract Documentation of insect diversity is an important component of the study of biodiversity, community dynamics, and global change. Accurate identification of insects usually requires catching individuals for close inspection. However, because insects are so diverse, most trapping methods are specifically tailored to a particular taxonomic group. For scientists interested in the broadest possible spectrum of insect taxa, whether for long term monitoring of an ecosystem or for a species inventory, the use of several different trapping methods is usually necessary. We describe a novel composite method for capturing a diverse spectrum of insect taxa. The Composite Insect Trap incorporates elements from four different existing trapping methods: the cone trap, malaise trap, pan trap, and flight intercept trap. It is affordable, resistant, easy to assemble and disassemble, and collects a wide variety of insect taxa. Here we describe the design, construction, and effectiveness of the Composite Insect Trap tested during a study of insect diversity. The trap catches a broad array of insects and can eliminate the need to use multiple trap types in biodiversity studies. We propose that the Composite Insect Trap is a useful addition to the trapping methods currently available to ecologists and will be extremely effective for monitoring community level dynamics, biodiversity assessment, and conservation and restoration work.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods
    insects Review A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods in Agroecosystems Kenneth W. McCravy Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-309-298-2160 Received: 12 September 2018; Accepted: 19 November 2018; Published: 23 November 2018 Abstract: Beneficial arthropods provide many important ecosystem services. In agroecosystems, pollination and control of crop pests provide benefits worth billions of dollars annually. Effective sampling and monitoring of these beneficial arthropods is essential for ensuring their short- and long-term viability and effectiveness. There are numerous methods available for sampling beneficial arthropods in a variety of habitats, and these methods can vary in efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper I review active and passive sampling methods for non-Apis bees and arthropod natural enemies of agricultural pests, including methods for sampling flying insects, arthropods on vegetation and in soil and litter environments, and estimation of predation and parasitism rates. Sample sizes, lethal sampling, and the potential usefulness of bycatch are also discussed. Keywords: sampling methodology; bee monitoring; beneficial arthropods; natural enemy monitoring; vane traps; Malaise traps; bowl traps; pitfall traps; insect netting; epigeic arthropod sampling 1. Introduction To sustainably use the Earth’s resources for our benefit, it is essential that we understand the ecology of human-altered systems and the organisms that inhabit them. Agroecosystems include agricultural activities plus living and nonliving components that interact with these activities in a variety of ways. Beneficial arthropods, such as pollinators of crops and natural enemies of arthropod pests and weeds, play important roles in the economic and ecological success of agroecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • February 29, 2020 East Kingdom Internal Letter of Decision East Iloi Dated 1/15/20
    February 29, 2020 East Kingdom Internal Letter of Decision East ILoI dated 1/15/20 To the most noble members of the East Kingdom College of Heralds, greetings! You will find below the decisions rendered on the submissions for the Internal Letter of Intent issued on 1/15/20. If Muirenn Blue Tyger consulted on any submissions on this letter, decisions were made by Lilie Pantheon and Sláine Diademe. Many thanks to the following commenters who provided assistance this month: Alexandre Saint Pierre, Bruce Batonvert, Donato Favro, Drasma Dragomira, ffride wlffsdotter, Galefridus Peregrinus, Iago ab Adam, Liefr rella, Lilie Pantheon, Mathghamhain Elmet, Ryan Skunk, Seraphina Ragged Staff, Sláine Diademe, and Violet Mosaic. Your commentary and insights are always greatly appreciated. Assistance with artwork can be attained through reaching out to your local herald, or the EK Pallet Herald ([email protected].) ​ ​ 1. Arnleif the Red Submission Description Decision New Device Or, on a bear passant gules, a triskele argent Forwarded Notes: Iago ab Adam suggests the following reblazon, “Or, on a bear passant gules a triskele argent.” There is an SFPP for the use of a triskele (also known as a triskelion arrondi, reconfirmed http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2019/03/19-03lar.html#81.) ​ 2. Aurelia Alfaiata d'Alcaçova Submission Description Decision New Device Per chevron sable and vert, a chevron ermine Returned between two pairs of needles in saltire and an owl maintaining in its talon a carnation slipped and leaved Or Notes: This badge is returned for a redraw, for violating SENA A2C2 which states that elements must be drawn to be identifiable.
    [Show full text]
  • Automated Flight Interception Traps for Interval Sampling of Insects
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.10.941740; this version posted February 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Automated flight interception traps for 2 interval sampling of insects 3 Janine Bolliger 1*, Marco Collet 1,2, Michael Hohl 1, 2, Beat Wermelinger 1, Martin K. Obrist 1 4 5 1 WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf 6 2 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, CH-7260 Davos 7 * corresponding author, [email protected], phone: +41 44 739 23 93, fax: +41 00 739 22 15 8 9 Short title: Automated interval sampling of insects 10 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.10.941740; this version posted February 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 11 Abstract 12 Recent debates on insect decline require sound assessments on the relative drivers that may negatively 13 impact insect populations. Often, baseline data rely on insect monitorings that integrates catches over 14 long time periods. If, however, effects of time-critical environmental factors (e.g., light pollution) are 15 of interest, higher temporal resolution of insect observations during specific time intervals are required 16 (e.g., between dusk and dawn).
    [Show full text]
  • DEPARTMENTAL MANUAL Museum Property Handbook (411 DM, Volume I)
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENTAL MANUAL Museum Property Handbook (411 DM, Volume I) Chapter 6 Biological Infestations A. INTRODUCTION 1. The Problem a. Pests Museum property is vulnerable to damage and deterioration caused by a variety of biological organisms. The damage can range from surface soiling and spotting to complete destruction of the object. Organic materials (e.g., silk, skin, wool, hair, hide, paper, and wood) are most vulnerable to damage by biological agents. The mechanism that causes damage to inorganic materials is complex, is rarely seen in museums, and is beyond the scope of this Handbook. Pests that damage museum property can be divided into three categories: ! Microorganisms (e.g., molds and other fungi) ! Insects ! Vertebrates (e.g., birds and mammals, such as rats, mice, and bats). The three categories can be interrelated. They can support each other's survival and can contribute to the damage caused by each other. Unfortunately, the optimum conditions for the care, storage and exhibition of museum property are also good for the survival of pests. Improper storage and exhibition conditions such as high temperatures, high relative humidity levels, dust, overcrowding, and clutter enhance pest survival. b. Traditional Control Measures The traditional method for controlling pests in museums has been either the routine prophylactic treatment of collections with pesticides such as arsenic, thymol, mercury, DDT, ethylene oxide, Vapona (DDVP), naphthalene, and paradichlorobenzene (PDB), Release Date: 6:1 New DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENTAL MANUAL Museum Property Handbook (411 DM, Volume I) Chapter 6 Biological Infestations or treatment with these chemicals once an infestation has been discovered.
    [Show full text]
  • Catchmaster Brand Adhesive Devices 2018 SDS.Pdf
    FILE NO.001 SAFETY DATA SHEET NAME OF PRODUCT SDS DATE: 01/01/2018 CATCHMASTER™ Brand Adhesive Devices SECTION 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME: CATCHMASTER™ Brand Products (Insect and Rodent glue traps and monitors) SYNONYMS: N/A PRODUCT CODES: Model No. Description 72CRM Replacement Mouse & Insect Glue Boards/Monitors 72MBCO Chocolate Super Mouse Size Glue Boards 72MBCH Cherry Super Mouse Size Glue Boards 72MBPB Peanut Butter Super Mouse Size Glue Boards 72MB Peanut Butter Regular Mouse Size Glue Boards 72MB4.5 Peanut Butter Mouse Size Glue Boards 72MAX Mouse Size Glue Boards 72MAX-DIG1 Mouse Size Glue Boards for Digital Private Labeling 72TC Mouse & Insect Glue Board 72TCUS Mouse & Insect Glue Board 72TC3 Mouse & Insect Glue Board for Slim 72TCFFUS Replacement Mouse Board - use with EZ Force Rodent Bait Stations 72TB Tasty Banana Mouse Size Glue Board 72TBPB Tasty Banana Mouse Size Glue Boards –Peanut Butter 72XL Extra Long Mouse & Insect Glue Boards 150MBGL Mouse & Insect Size Glue Boards 60RBGL Econo Rat Glue Boards 24GRB Rat Size Glue Boards 24XL Jumbo Rat Size Glue Tray Bulk (W/O Hercules Putty™) 48R Rat Size Glue Tray (With Hercules Putty™) 48RNHP Rat Size Glue Tray (W/O Hercules Putty™) 48RB Rat Size Tray (Bulk) 48ROOF Roof Rat and Large Mouse Trap with Hercules Putty 48WRG Cold Temperature Glue Tray 1448B Econo Rate Glue Tray 96M Mouse Size Glue Trays 100FF Fruit Fly Trap 100I Insect Trap & Monitor 100i-DIG Insect Trap & Monitor for Digital Private Labeling 100MINI MAX-Catch Mini Mouse & Insect 150RI Roach
    [Show full text]
  • Combination Trap Design to Control the Insect Pest of Various Agricultural Crops at Telangana and Kerala
    Gupta et al. AvailableInd. J. Pure online App. Biosci. at www.ijpab.com (2019) 7(4), 178 -183 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7710 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2019) 7(4), 178-183 Research Article Combination Trap Design to Control the Insect Pest of Various Agricultural Crops at Telangana and Kerala Seema Gupta1*, Krishna Chaitanya2, Bhramacharini Sheela3, Jishnu V.4 and Pranav P.5 1*, 3, 4,5Amrita Vidyalayam, Thalassery, Kannur, Kerala 2Paramita group of school, Karimnagar, Telangana *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 22.07.2019 | Revised: 25.08.2019 | Accepted: 29.08.2019 ABSTRACT The resistance created for synthetic chemical pesticides by the insects and introduction of new synthetic pesticides have affected the nature and non-targeted organisms. These issues gave rise to ‘organic farming and bio-control’ a new method of controlling the insect pest which was cost effective and eco-friendly. Bio-control agents and trapping system are the major techniques which enable to facilitate and promote organic farming. In the similar sequence of trapping system, we are introducing a new trap design which is a single solution to variety of insect pest in the agricultural fields. This combination trap has the features of light trap, sticky trap and pheromone trap arranged in a detachable and replaceable form. It has a simple design and materials required can be easily procured. This trap can be used for any type of crops as it have trapping system for almost all type of insect pest. It is cost effective, portable and has less weight which will be useful to the farmers and agriculturist.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Junket, Vol. 13, No. 10
    c VMTJ VOL 13 MO 1 o . $n<Aex Article, " Page f Take It Or L^aw It - - 1 Clogging In the Appalachian Mtns. With Spring and Bow - - 8 Traditional Ba&ee & Music in Monadnock Region 1^ Thanks Tos- - - - - 25 Square Dance - Levi_Jackson Rag 26 Contra Dance - Douglass' Favorite 28 Mixer «* The Mayflower - - - 29 Mixer - Arnold's Circle - - 33 Did You Know ThatV - 31 St, Patrick's Day Sans Remorse - 33 Told In the Hills -• 35 Why Round Dance? - - 33 Teaching Hints - - ~ 4l Odds and ^nds Of folklore - ^3 What T-iey Say In New Hampshire - - 48 Did You Iver Wonder? ~ ^9 Family Receipts - - 50 Wife Savers - 52 Friends of Mary Ann Eenaan will he glad to know that she is recovering nicely from a q-mdruple heart "bypass operation a few weeks ago. If you wish to send a card, here is her address; P.O. Box2305, No. Babylon, N.Y. 11703 Also, that "Duke" Miller is in the hospital at Schnec- tady, N.Y. recovering from an operation. Send cards to his home 6 Woodward Ave, G-loversville , ¥.Y. 12078 Slit i , T A E U IT OR I E A V 3 IT i^ Lloyd Frazee of Iowa, is a long- time subscriber of Northern Junk- &f2ji et. R^c^ntly, whpn renewing his subscription he had thesp inter- r ps ting things to say about squarp dancing. He writps: }, I have bppn in thp acticity more than 30 ypars and I am disturbed at thp dirpction square dancing has taken thp last few years. "If you had.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Investigations of Electric Insect Traps
    ~ 12.8 12.5 ~12! ~112.5 1.0 Ll.2 ~ 1.0 Ll.2 = ~W ~ I~ I.:.: W 36 &.;. 1~ a.:.: W ~ I:j; ~ w :r W ............ ... 1.1 --1.1 ~"" .. -- 111111.8 -- 111111.25 111111.4 111111.6 111111.25 111111.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATlON~l BUR[~U or STANDARDS·196l·A NATIONAL BUREAU or STANDARDS-1963-A Summary of Investigations of Electric Insect Traps By Truman E. Hienton (retired) collaborator Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin No. 1498 Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Washington, D.C. Issued October 1974 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Trade or company names are used in this ~ublication solely for the purpose of providing specific informat;011. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee or warram), of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or an endorsement by the Department over other products or companies not mentioned. This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor docs it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State andjor Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAllTION: Pesticides can be injurioHs to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife .. iI' they are not handled or applied properly. Usc all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pe'.;tiddes and pesticide containers. Ii FOREWORD TIlls bulletin was prepared as a result of the following memorandum, dated Apri130,1969.
    [Show full text]
  • Carnation Grade a Pasteurized Milk--- Its Financial Institutions
    THURSDAY, JULY 6, 1833, VASHON ISLAND NEWS-RECORD 5 Mre, Anna Dowling and famlily went ROBINSON ASKS FARM major commodities within the new on the Island excursion to Bremerton | BURTON NEWS ITEMS AGENCIES BE COORDINATED farm act have been taken by the mems- on the Fourth, | Mrs. A, Hunt bers of the proposed state advisory Island News of Interest Plans for close cooperation between commitiee. Besides those mentioned, The Heath family on Tuesday en- Mra, John P, Watson and daughter the state department of agriculture, members of the proposed committee Mrs, agricultural Prior, state supervisor Mr, and Mrs. Carl Edensword, of Mr, and Mrs, Howard Hansen and tertained Mr. and John Bauer, are here from Wenatchee for a couple the extension service and are Dr. Robert Knott, home, the agricultural station in of dalry and livestock, Olympia; O, Santa Barbara, Calif, arrived three children, of Olympla, spent the Donald Richmond and James of weeks at the Taylor experiment A. and Mr, Mrs, the administration of the new farm Adams, manager of the North Paclfic announced on the Fourth for a short Fourth with Mr. Hansen's mother, of Walla Walla and un-‘ SBeattle, discussed Grain W, Dabney adjustment Spokane, visit with Mr, Edensword’s sister, Mrs, Mrs, Katheran Hansen, Elmer and Harrill, of The Burton Bervice Garage changed act were In a Growers, Inc,, and July selling recent conference Pullman hetween E. Meyer, manager of the Federal John Metzenberg and famlily, hands Ist. Ed Woods to at In- Digby Willlams, Walter J, Robinson, newly appointed termediute Credit bank, Spokane, Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Trapping Guidelines for Area-Wide Fruit Fly Programmes
    Trapping guidelines for area-wide fruit fly programmes Trapping guidelines for area-wide fruit fly programmes Second edition Edited by Walther R. Enkerlin Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Jesus Reyes Flores Private consultant Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, 2018 Recommended citation FAO/IAEA. 2018. Trapping guidelines for area-wide fruit fly programmes, Second edition, by Enkerlin, W.R. and Reyes- Flores, J. (eds). Rome, Italy. 65 pp. DISCLAIMER Detection of economically important fruit flies is critical to the economics and sustainability of horticulture. Development of trapping systems is an evolving process that results in improved agriculture. Trapping systems require a holistic approach that encompasses endemic and invasive species, human needs, as well as economic pressures. The purpose of this working document is to provide a mechanism for an evolving process that allows providing NPPO’s, RPPO’s, action agencies, industry, and scientists a framework to fully utilize current and future trapping technologies. The dedication of the authors in developing this manual is based on a commitment to provide an updated and coherent use of technologies available for trapping fruit flies. Every effort was made to ensure that this document is accurate, however, the activities associated with the trapping of fruit flies makes this a complex and dynamic process. This document is not an endorsement of products and assumes no liability for actions reported herein. Suggestions and comments to this working document are appreciated. Contents Foreword v 1. Background 1 2. Trapping types and pest situations 2 3.
    [Show full text]