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APPENDIX A List of Orchid species of Darjeeling Himalaya with habitat, place of occurrence (locality), altitudinal range, date of collection, flowering time Sl. Botanical Habitat Locality of their availability Altitudinal Date of Month of N names within Darjeeling Himalaya range m collection flowering o. (forest areas, national parks, (amsl) cultivated ans barren lands, floral nurseries, botanical garden, research institutions etc.) 1 Acampe Epiphytic Rambi, Relli, Sevoke, Najoke, 140-900 21 September carinata Kalijhora forest, Teesta 27 th September -January Mile, Malli-Kalimpong, 2008 Sepkhola, Balasan, Birik 2 A. rigida Epiphytic Rambi, Teesta river sides, 160-1200 21 May May-June Najoke, Fyangtar, Tarkhola 2007 forest, Pareng, Chuikhim, Dudhey, Geilkhola 3 Acanthephippiu Terrestrial Forest areas of Damsangari, 700-1700 03 June May-July m striatum Kumsi, Sittong, Chisang- 2010 Godok 4 Acrochaene Epiphytic Lava, Nokdara, Kafer, Todey 1200-2200 23 October October- punctata forest, Rambi forest, Downhill- 2008 November Kurseong, Baggonra, Chimney, Takdah, Jorebangalow 5 Aerides Epiphytic Samalbong, Suruk-Samthar, 150-1200 20 April March- multiflora Siliguri, Mungpoo, Seokbir 2008 June khani, Sittong 6 A. odorata Epiphytic Bagrakot, Sukuna, Malli- 150-700 07 May May-July Kalimpong, Solok-Kalimpong, 2009 Mungpoo, Lesh khola 708657 7 Agrostophyllum Epiphytic 27 th Mile N.H.P.C. project sides, 400- 23 May May-June brevipes Algarah, Panbu, Seokbir khani, 1600 2010 Sittong 8 A. callosum Epiphytic Lungshel, Lava, Nokdara, Algarah, 600- 27 April March- Kafer, Rambi forest, Tungsong, 2200 2008 May Munsong, Takdah, Lopchu 9 A. myrianthum Epiphytic Kamsi, Rambi, Teesta, 27 th Mile, 200- 17 July- Solok-Kalimpong, Sepkhola, 1600 August August Pareng, Sendaybong 2010 10 A. planicaule Epiphytic Kalijhora, Soureni, Kumsi, Sittong, 500- 12 July- Nimbong, Pudung 2100 August August 2008 11 Anoectochilus Terrestrial Forest areas of Lava, Takdah, 1000- 28 June June- brevilabris Rangayrung , Pokhraybong, 1900 2010 September Chimney 12 A. grandiflorus Terrestrial Forest areas in Damsang, Algarah, 900- 28 June June-July Echey Busty 1700 2010 13 Anthogonium Terrestrial Dello hill, forest areas of Lava, 1200- 01 August- gracile Samthar, Kafer, Samalbong, 3100 August October Rimbick, Ramam, Manaybhanjang, 2008 Dhotray, Kalpokhari, Tonglu, Serikhola, Jalapahar, Rambi forest, Senchale, Chimney, Baggonra 14 Appendicula Epiphytic Birik, Kambal, 27 th Mile, Kumai, 300- 30 August- cornuta Kalijhora, Sepkhola, Lesh khola 800 August September 2010 15 Arundina Terrestrial Dello Hill, Sindeybong, forest areas 300- 18 January- graminifolia of Chuikhim, Relli, Kumsi, Teesta 1800 August November River Valley, Yangmakum, 2007 Algarah, Mungpoo, Ratay, Makum, Bagrakote, Gorubathan 16 Ascocentrum Epiphytic Rambi, Kalijhora, Sevoke, Kumsi, 200- 19 March March- ampullaceum 27 th Mile, Najoke, Mungpoo, 800 2008 May Pankhabari forest, Pareng 17 Biermannia Epiphytic Bagrakot, near Teesta Bridge, 300- 20 April April-July bimaculata Kalijhora, Sepkhola, Lesh khola 700 2010 658709 18 Bulbophyllum Epiphytic Samalbong, Samthar, Mungpoo, 700- 21 June May-June affine Bong Busty, Nimbong, Pedong, 1900 2007 Seokbir khani, Nagari, Godok 19 B. apodum Epiphytic Teesta river sides, Malli- 300- 13 July May-July Kalimpong, Solok-Kalimpong 600 2010 20 B. Epiphytic Najoke, Latpanjar, Lesh khola, 700- 26 October- appendiculatu Kumsi 1200 October December m 2010 21 B. bisetum Epiphytic Samalbong, Hill Top-Kalimpong, 1200- 21 September Kafer, Takdah, Tangta forest, 2000 Septem -October Toroyok, Charkhol, Algarah, ber Tungsong 2009 22 B. careyanum Epiphytic Suruk-Samthar, Latpanjar, Godok- 1300- 25 October- Todey, Tungsong, Mirik 1650 October January 2010 23 B. careyanum Epiphytic Soreksa, Samalbong, Mangzing, 800- 26 October- var. sikkimense Kuwapani-Lava, Echey Busty 2100 October November 2007 24 B. cauliflorum Epiphytic Algarah, Sukiapokhari, Rimbick, 1600- 20 May April-July Kafer, Rambi forest 2200 2010 25 B. cauliflorum Epiphytic Nokhdara, Lava, Algarah, Rambi 900- 28 June June- var. sikkimense forest, Munsong, Takdah, 2200 2008 August Sukiapokhari, Todey 26 B. crassipes Epiphytic Suruk, Rambi, Mungpoo, 200- 05 September Samalbong, Tindharay, Seokbir 1000 Septem -October khani, Gorubathan, Dudhay, ber Khaprail, Lohapul, Matigara 2007 27 B. Epiphytic Sonada, Neora Valley, Senchale, 1450- 10 June May- eublepharum Rambi forest 2500 2010 August 28 B. gamblei Epiphytic Takdah, Ramam forest, Algarah 1400- 20 May May- forest, Manaybhanjang, Baggora 2500 2010 August 29 B. gracilipes Epiphytic Rangit valley, Bagrakot, Nimbong, 300- 02 May October- Tindherey, Sepkhola, Guling forest 950 2010 December 30 B. guttulatum Epiphytic Sittong, Mungpoo, Samalbong, 650- 31 July- Takdah, Godok 1800 August September 2010 31 B. helenae Epiphytic Mim forest, Todey-Tangta, Kafer, 600- 23 July May- Dilaram, Sonada, 2100 2009 August 710659 32 B. hirtum Epiphytic Samalbong, Chuikhim, Algarah, 900- 25 October- Bong Busty, Pedong, Mungpoo, 2000 October Decembe Samthar, Mirik, Munsong, Echey 2007 r Busty, Rungdung Valley 33 B. hymenanthum Epiphytic Ramam, Gorkhey, Senchale, Rambi 1400- 28 May May- forest, Baggonra 2800 2008 June 34 B. khasyanum Epiphytic Algarah, Todey, Rachela, Damsang 1400- 26 October- forest, Lopchu, Takdah, Rambi 2500 October Decembe forest, Rimbick, Sukiapokhari 2009 r 35 B. leopardinum Epiphytic Kafer, Rimbick, Ramam, Lava, 1300- 5 June June- Charkhol, Rambi forest, Algarah, 2400 2010 August Neora Valley, Palmajua 36 B. odoratissimum Epiphytic Algarah, Nokdara, Tangta, Dowhill- 1100- 08 August July- var. odoratissimum Kurseong, Takdah, Pattabong 1900 2007 August 37 B. odoratissimum Epiphytic Forest areas in Damsang gari, Pedung- 1200- 27 June June-July var. racemosum Kalimpong, Sendaybong, Lopchu 1450 2011 38 B. polyrhizum Epiphytic Balasan, Majitar, Mungpoo, Lesh 300- 26 March March- khola, Rangit Valley 800 2010 April 39 B. reptans Epiphytic Hill Top-Kalimpong, Lava, 1600- 10 October- February December Kurseong, Todey-Tangta forest 2700 2007 40 B. rigidum Epiphytic Todey, Lava, Takdah forest, Rambi 1600- 23 July June- September forest, Algarah, Chimney-Kurseong 2200 2010 41 B. rolfei Epiphytic Forest areas in Damsang gari, Neora 1950- 13 August- Septembe September Valley – Kalimpong, Rimbick 2900 r 2011 42 B. roxburghii Epiphytic Pareng, Yangmakum, Solok- 400- 28 May April- Kalimpong, Lesh khola 700 2010 June 43 B. sarcophyllum Epiphytic Nim forest, Nimbong, Chisang- 600- 20 June- September September Godok, Guling, Jalapahar 1400 2009 44 B. scabratum Epiphytic Lower Lungshel, Rachela, Takdah, 1200- 21 April April- Algarah, Kafer forest, Lungshel 1800 2008 May 45 B. secundum Epiphytic Lopchu forest - Darjeeling; Damsang 1500- 18 June May-July gari-Kalimpong, Algarah, Kuwapani- 2100 2011 Lava, Rangayrung 660 711 46 B. stenobulbon Epiphytic Kalijhora, Guling forest, Gulma 250- 22 May May-June forest, Sepkhola, Rongo 700 2009 47 B. striatum Epiphytic Today-Tangta forest, Rambi forest, 1800- 05 October- Senchale, Sukiapokhari, 2750 November November Jorebunglow, Ramam 2011 48 B. thomsonii Epiphytic Neora Valley, Sukiapokhari, 800- 09 October- Dabaipani-Takdah, Algarah 2100 November December 2009 49 B. tortuosum Epiphytic Bagrakot, Kumai, Jholung, 200- 23 March March- Kalijhora, Ryang 350 April 50 B. triste Epiphytic Samalbong-Sinjee, Godok forest, 1000- 19 February- Charkhol, Lopchu forest, Mirik 1700 February March 2009 51 B. umbellatum Epiphytic Kurseong, Maneybhanjang, Dali- 1300- 22 March March- Darjeeling, Mangarjung, Rambi 2200 2010 May forest 52 B. wallichii Epiphytic Takdah, Neora Valley, Ramam, 1500- 07 October – Damsang forest 2900 December December 2011 53 B. yoksunense Epiphytic Tangta, Rachela, Damsang forest, 1800- 26 September- Rambi forest, Ramam, Rimbick 2800 September October 2010 54 Calanthe Terrestrial Forest areas of Charkhol, Kafer, 1200- 25 September- biloba Lava, Algarah, Gumbadara, 2900 October December Lopchu, Senchale, Lloyd Botanical 2008 Garden – Darjeeling 55 C. brevicornu Terrestrial Forest areas of Ramam, Gorkhey, 1400- 27 May May-July Algarah, Lava, Kafer, Lopchu, 2700 2008 Ghoom-Darjeeling, Takdah 56 C. puberula Terrestrial Forest areas of Mem, Sukiapokhari, 1550- 05 June May- Baggonra, Toroyok, Lava, Rachela, 2200 2009 August Ramam, Palmajua 57 C. sylvatica Terrestrial Forest areas of Kafer, Algarah, 300- 09August July- Takdah, Chimney-Kurseong 2400 2010 October 58 C. triplicata Terrestrial Godok, Sangsay Bhalukhop, 700 - 15 July May – Sonada, Todey, Mungpoo 1700 2013 August 661 712 59 C. trulliformis Terrestrial Lakpatar-Darjeeling, Baggonra, 1800 - 24 July June – Chitrey, Dhotrey, Gumbadara, 2500 2013 August Jaributti-Neora Valley 60 C. Terrestrial Forest areas of Mem, Sukiapokhari, 1700- 12 May April-June yuksomnensis Takdah, Rambi forest, Dhotrey 2900 2009 61 Ceratostylis Epiphytic Mirik, Todey forest, Downhill 1200- 10 May April-June himalaica Kurseong, Sonada 2100 2010 62 C. subulata Epiphytic Panbu forest, Majitar, Kumai, 400- 13 July May-July Nimbong, Sepkhola, Kambal 800 2010 63 Cheirostylis Terrestrial Munsong, Durpin Hill – 1000- 26 November griffithii Kalimpong, Labdah Mungpoo 1400 November - 2012 December 64 C. yunnanensis Terrestrial Kalimpong 8 th Mile, Mangaldara, 600- 09 March February- Samalbong, Mangmaya 1000 2008 April 65 Chiloschista Epiphytic Sukuna, Sepkhola, Najoke, 800- 07 March March- parishii Chisang-Godok, Samthar 1900 2008 April 66 Chrysoglossum Terrestrial Forest areas of Charkhol near Kafer, 1600- 06 June May-July ornatum Manaybhanjang,
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    Chapter 2: Historical development of Darjeeling hills 2.1 Introduction The Darjeeling hills wasonce ruled by the Kingdom of Sikkim. Darjeeling region was converted into a hill station by the British East India Company in 1800's and came to be known as the Queen of the Hills, and remained a part of West Bengal in independent India. The name of Darjeeling is a composition of two Tibetan words, 'Dmjee' means Thunderbolt and 'ling' means place hence Darjeeling meansLand of the Thunderbolt. At present Darjeeling district is composed of four sub-divisions i.e., Darjeeling, Kurseong, Kalimpong and Siliguri. The former three sub-divisions are together known as Daijeeling hill area, which is the study area for the present research. The history of Darjeeling is rather complex but interesting. The brief history ofDarjeeling district is described in the following sections. 2.2 Pre-British Period Till the early 19tl' century, the area around Darjeeling was part of Kingdom of Sikkim. In 1814, the British East India Company intervened in skirmish between Sikkim and Nepal, following which Sikkim became a buffer state between Nepal and Bhutan. In 1828, a dispute occurred between Nepal and Sikkim. British East India Company representatives were sent from Maida to resolve the dispute. They found the Darjeeling very suitable for sanitorium for • British troops. The company negotiated with the King of Sildcim to take the area. On the first day of February 1835, the Maharaja of Silddm handed over a strip of territory on the Himalaya, 24 miles long and about 5 to 6 miles wide, as a mark of friendship with the then Governor General, Lord William Bentinck, for the establishment of a sanitorium for the convalescent servants of the East India Company.
  • District Disaster Management Plan-2019,Kalimpong

    District Disaster Management Plan-2019,Kalimpong

    DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-2019,KALIMPONG 1 FOREWORD It is a well-known fact that we all are living in a world where occurrence of disasters whether anthropological or natural are increasing year by year in terms of both magnitude and frequency. Many of the disasters can be attributed to man. We, human beings, strive to make our world comfortable and convenient for ourselves which we give a name ‘development’. However, in the process of development we take more from what Nature can offer and in turn we get more than what we had bargained for. Climate change, as the experts have said, is going to be one major harbinger of tumult to our world. Yet the reason for global warming which is the main cause of climate change is due to anthropological actions. Climate change will lead to major change in weather pattern around us and that mostly will not be good for all of us. And Kalimpong as a hilly district, as nestled in the lap of the hills as it may be, has its shares of disasters almost every year. Monsoon brings landslide and misery to many people. Landslides kill or maim people, kill cattle, destroy houses, destroy crops, sweep away road benches cutting of connectivity and in the interiors rivulets swell making it difficult for people particularly the students to come to school. Hailstorm sometimes destroys standing crops like cardamom resulting in huge loss of revenue. Almost every year lightning kills people. And in terms of earthquake the whole district falls in seismic zone IV. Therefore, Kalimpong district is a multi-hazard prone district and the District Disaster Management Plan is prepared accordingly.
  • District Survey Report of Kalimpong District

    District Survey Report of Kalimpong District

    DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KALIMPONG DISTRICT (For mining of minor minerals) As per Notification No. S.O.3611 (E) New Delhi Dated 25th of July 2018 and Enforcement & Monitoring Guidelines for Sand Mining (EMGSM) January 2020, Issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF & CC) Government of West Bengal (WORK ORDER No: MDTC/PM-5/160/66, dated 20.01.2020) July, 2021 CONSULTANT District Survey Report Kalimpong District, West Bengal Table of Content Chapter No Subject Page No 1 Preface 1-2 2 Introduction 3-15 3 General Profile of The District 16-36 a. General Information 16-17 b. Climate Condition 18 c. Rainfall and humidity 18-20 d. Topography & Terrain 20 e. Water courses and Hydrology 21-22 f. Ground water Development 23 g. Drainage System 23-25 h. Demography 25-27 i. Cropping pattern 27 j. Land Form and Seismicity 27-31 k. Flora 31-34 l. Fauna 34-36 4 Physiography of the District 37-41 4.1 General Landforms 37-38 4.2 Soil and rock pattern 38-40 4.3 Different geomorphology units 40-41 5 Land Use Pattern of The District 42-51 5.1 Forest 44-46 5.2 Agriculture and Irrigation 46-50 Work order No. MDTC/PM-5/160/66; dt. 20.1.2020 District Survey Report Kalimpong District, West Bengal 5.3 Horticulture 50-51 5.4 Mining 51 6 Geology 52-54 Regional and local geology with geological succession 52-54 7 Mineral Wealth 55-79 7.1 Overview of mineral resources 55 7.2 Details of Resources 55-77 7.2.1 Sand and other riverbed minerals 55-73 I.