ANURANS (Frogs, Toads, Treefrogs…)

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ANURANS (Frogs, Toads, Treefrogs…) True Toads (Bufonidae) [Note that all True Toads in our area and many other species around the world were, until recently, placed in the genus Bufo.] Anaxyrus americanus americanus – Eastern American Toad Anaxyrus americanus charlesmithi – Dwarf American Toad Anaxyrus cognatus – Great Plains Toad Anaxyrus debilis insidior – Chihuahuan Green Toad, Western Green Toad Anaxyrus fowleri – Fowler’s Toad Anaxyrus punctatus – Red-spotted Toad Anaxyrus woodhousii – Woodhouse's Toad (the ssp. in our area is A. w. woodhousii – Rocky Mountain Toad) Rhinella horribilis (recently split from R. marina) – Mesoamerican Cane Toad, Marine Toad, Giant Neotropical Toad North American Spadefoot Toads (Scaphiopodidae) Scaphiopus couchii – Couch’s Spadefoot Spea bombifrons – Plains Spadefoot Spea multiplicata stagnalis – Chihuahuan Desert Spadefoot, New Mexico Spadefoot Narrow-mouthed Frogs/Toads (Microhylidae) Gastrophryne carolinensis – Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad Gastrophryne olivacea – Western Narrow-mouthed Toad, Great Plains Narrow-mouthed Toad/Frog Cricket, Chorus & Treefrogs (Hylidae) Acris blanchardi – Blanchard's Cricket Frog Hyla chrysoscelis – Cope’s Gray Treefrog1 Hyla cinerea – Green Treefrog (Hyla versicolor – Gray Treefrog, Eastern/Common Gray Treefrog)1 No specimen in lab. Pseudacris clarkii – Spotted Chorus Frog Pseudacris crucifer – Spring Peeper Pseudacris fouquettei – Cajun Chorus Frog Looks exactly like Boreal Chorus Frog Pseudacris maculata – Boreal Chorus Frog Pseudacris streckeri – Strecker's Chorus Frog True Frogs (Ranidae) [Note that all True Frogs in our area and many other species around the world were traditionally placed in the genus Rana. Recently, Rana was split into several genera, and the species in our area were renamed to genus Lithobates. Even more recently, problems have been found with Lithobates (see AmphibiaWeb) that support restoring these species to Rana, as done below] Rana areolata circulosa – Northern Crawfish Frog Rana blairi – Plains Leopard Frog Rana catesbeiana – American Bullfrog Rana clamitans – Green Frog Rana palustris – Pickerel Frog Rana sphenocephala utricularia – Coastal Plains Leopard Frog, Southern Leopard Frog Rana sylvatica – Wood Frog 1Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis cannot be distinguished from one another based on external morphology, and are often collectively referred to as the Gray Treefrog Complex. Successful identification is based on their calls (which differ slightly) or their karyotypes (H. versicolor is tetraploid). Most members of this complex in Kansas (including those in Lyon county) are H. chrysoscelis, but H. versicolor is found in NE and SE Kansas. 25 {T} 1 {K,O,T,C}, -------- 4 {K,O,T,C} 14 {K,A,M}, 24 {K,O,A,M} – 15 {K,O,M,C}, 22 {K,M,A} --- ------ 23 {K,O,M,T} 8 {K,O,C,M}, 26 {O,T,C}, 27 {O,T,C} 5 {K,O,M,A,T}, 18 {K,O,M,A,T,C} Look the same 16 {K,O,M,A,T}, 3 {K,O,T} ------ 19 {K,O,M,C}, 29 {O,M,A,T} 7 {K,O,M,A,T}, 10 {K,O,M,A,T}, 11 {K,O,A,T} 20 {O,M,A,T} 2 {K,O,M,T,C}, 13 {K,O,M,A,T}, 6 {K,O,M,A,T} ----- 12 {K,O,M,A} 9 {K,O,M,A,T}, 17 {K,O,M,A,T,C} --- 21 {O,M,A} warts .

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Fauna of Australia 2A
FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE Thomas C. Burton 1 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE Pl 1.3. Cophixalus ornatus (Microhylidae): usually found in leaf litter, this tiny frog is endemic to the wet tropics of northern Queensland. [H. Cogger] 2 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Microhylidae is a family of firmisternal frogs, which have broad sacral diapophyses, one or more transverse folds on the surface of the roof of the mouth, and a unique slip to the abdominal musculature, the m. rectus abdominis pars anteroflecta (Burton 1980). All but one of the Australian microhylids are small (snout to vent length less than 35 mm), and all have procoelous vertebrae, are toothless and smooth-bodied, with transverse grooves on the tips of their variously expanded digits. The terminal phalanges of fingers and toes of all Australian microhylids are T-shaped or Y-shaped (Pl. 1.3) with transverse grooves. The Microhylidae consists of eight subfamilies, of which two, the Asterophryinae and Genyophryninae, occur in the Australopapuan region. Only the Genyophryninae occurs in Australia, represented by Cophixalus (11 species) and Sphenophryne (five species). Two newly discovered species of Cophixalus await description (Tyler 1989a). As both genera are also represented in New Guinea, information available from New Guinean species is included in this chapter to remedy deficiencies in knowledge of the Australian fauna. HISTORY OF DISCOVERY The Australian microhylids generally are small, cryptic and tropical, and so it was not until 100 years after European settlement that the first species, Cophixalus ornatus, was collected, in 1888 (Fry 1912). As the microhylids are much more prominent and diverse in New Guinea than in Australia, Australian specimens have been referred to New Guinean species from the time of the early descriptions by Fry (1915), whilst revisions by Parker (1934) and Loveridge (1935) minimised the extent of endemism in Australia.
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Offcial journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189). The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status 1David Lazcano, 1Manuel Nevárez-de los Reyes, 2Elí García-Padilla, 3Jerry D. Johnson, 3Vicente Mata-Silva, 3Dominic L. DeSantis, and 4,5,*Larry David Wilson 1Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Herpetología, Apartado Postal 157, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66450, MEXICO 2Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68023, MEXICO 3Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968-0500, USA 4Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano, Departamento de Francisco Morazán, HONDURAS 51350 Pelican Court, Homestead, Florida 33035, USA Abstract.—The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico, is comprised of 143 species, including 20 anurans, four caudates, 106 squamates, and 13 turtles. The number of species documented among the 10 physiographic regions recognized ranges from 38 in the Laguna de Mayrán to 91 in the Sierras y Llanuras Coahuilenses. The individual species occupy from one to 10 regions (x̄ = 3.5). The numbers of species that occupy individual regions range from 23 in the Sierras y Llanuras Coahuilenses to only one in each of three different regions. A Coeffcient of Biogeographic Resemblance (CBR) matrix indicates numbers of shared species among the 10 physiographic regions ranging from 20 between Llanuras de Coahuila y Nuevo León and Gran Sierra Plegada to 45 between Serranías del Burro and Sierras y Llanuras Coahuilenses. A similarity dendrogram based on the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) reveals that the Llanuras de Coahuila y Nuevo León region is most dissimilar when compared to the other nine regions in Coahuila (48.0 % similarity); all nine other regions cluster together at 57.0% and the highest similarity is 92.0% between Laguna de Mayrán and Sierra de la Paila.
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Anura: Microhylidae)
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