UNIT 8 GLOSSARY & PRONUNCIATION Word

UNIT 8 GLOSSARY & PRONUNCIATION Word Pronunciation Definition & Construction

Abducens > ab-due-sens > CN VI, nerve moves the eye laterally, away from the nose.

Acoustic > ah-kus-tik > pertaining to sound. acous/tic

Amaurosis fugax > am-awe-row-sis foo-gaks > transient ischemic attack (TIA) of the retina, a temporary loss of blood flow.

Amblyopia > am-blee-oh-pee-ah > condition of dim vision, visual impairment. ambly/opia

Anisocoria > an-ee-so-kor-ee-ah > condition of unequal pupils (side to side). aniso/coria

Anosmia > an-oz-me-ah > condition of the inability to smell. an/osmia

Antronasal > an-trow-na-zal > pertaining to the maxillary sinus and nose. antro/nas/al

Astigmatism > ah-stig-mah-tizm > lens of one eye has a slightly different refractivity (curvature) than the other.

Blepharitis > bleh-far-eye-tis > inflammation of the eye lids. blephar/itis

Cacosmia > kah-koz-me-ah > condition of ‘bad odors’. This is a subjective perception of a noxious odor.

Cerumen > seh-rue-men > earwax.

Chalazion > kah-lay-zee-on > deeper, chronic, inflammatory granuloma of the eyelid. It is also called a tarsal cyst.

Chemoreceptors > key-moe-reh-sep-tours > activated with the detection of a chemical – taste and smell!

Cholesteatoma > ko-lee-steh-ah-toe-me > fatty mass that occurs in the middle ear. chole/steat/oma

Cochlea > kok-lee-ah > singular and cochleae (plural) > a snail shell; the mechanical sound wave will end deep in the shell at the

Organ of Corti, the cochlear nerve

Conductive > kon-duk-tive > hearing loss is caused by something blocking the sound wave.

Conjunctivitis > kon-junk-tea-vigh-tis > inflammation of the inner lid area. conjunctiv/itis

Corectopia > kor-ek-toe-pee-ah > condition of the pupil not being in the center of the iris. corect/opia

Corneal > kor-knee-al > pertaining to the cornea of the eye. corne/al

Cycloplegia > sigh-klo-pleh-jee-ah > condition of paralysis of the ciliary muscle. cycl/o/plegia

Dacryolith > dak-ree-oh-lith > tear duct stone. dacry/o/lith

Ectropion > ek-trow-pee-on> when the lid and lashes roll outward.

Entropion > en-trow-pee-on > when the lashes turn into the eyeball, which can damage structures.

Esotropia > es-oh-trow-pee-ah > condition of one eye turning in.

Eustachian > yu-stay-she-an > tube or auditory tube, this middle ear structure allows the normal fluid of the area to drain to the

pharynx.

Exotropia > eks-oh-trow-pee-ah > condition of one eye turning out.

Facial > fay-shal > CN VII gives taste and pain reception to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and motion to all the facial muscles.

Fluorescein > floor-es-eh-cen > stain viewed through a cobalt-blue light.

Fovea > foe-vee-ah centralis > this is the center of the macula retina. It is the point of most precise vision.

Glaucoma > glaw-ko-mah) > steadily, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by increased intraocular pressures.

Glossopharyngeal > glos-sow-fair-in-jee-al > CN IX gives taste, pain reception, muscles action for swallowing, and secretion of saliva. gloss/o/pharyng/eal

Glossoplasty > glos-oh-plaz-tea > surgical repair of the tongue is required for deep bites or tears of the tongue. gloss/o/plasty

Glossotrichia > glos-oh-trik-ee-ah > literally, hairy tongue. This is called ‘hairy leukoplakia’. gloss/o/trichia

Hemianopia > hem-ee-ah-no-pee-ah > condition of loss of one half of the visual fields of one or both eyes. hemi/an/opia

Hemorrhea > he-moe-ree-ah > bloody discharge from the ear. hem/o/rrhea

Hordeolum > hor-deh-oh-lum > a stye of the eyelid caused by the same staphylococcal infection at an eyelash.

Hyperacusis > hi-purr-ah-kyu-sis > hypersensitivity to sounds.

Hyperopia > hi-purr-oh-pee-ah > condition of farsightedness, vision is better at a distance because the light meets behind the retina.

Hypertropia > hi-purr-trow-pee-ah > condition of one eye turning up.

Hypoglossal > hi-poe-glos-al > CN XII movement and proprioceptive sense to the tongue. hypo/gloss/al

Hypotropia > hi-poe-trow-pee-ah > condition of one eye turning down.

Incus > ing-kus > anvil, it is the middle bone of the middle ear.

Iridoplegia > ir-e-doe-pleh-jee-ah > condition of paralysis of the iris. irid/o/plegia

Iritis > eye-rye-tis > inflammation of the iris. ir/itis

Keratotomy > ker-ah-tot-oh-me > a cut into the cornea. kerat/o/tomy

Lacrimal > lack-ri-mal > pertaining to the tears of the eye. lacrim/al

Lingua > ling-gwa > singular; linguae (ling-gwee) is the plural > tongue from the Latin.

Macroglossia > mak-roe-glos-ee-ah > condition of enlarged tongue. macro/gloss/ia

Macula > mak-U-lah retina > small spot. For the eyes, this site has the maximum number of color receptors.

Macular > mak-U-lar degeneration > A slowly developing loss of the macula of the eye, the point of best central vision.

Malleolus > mal-ee-oh-lus > the rounded bony prominence at the ankle.

Malleus > mal-ee-us > largest of the three middle ear bones, firmly attached to the backside of the TM.

Mechanoreceptors > mek-ah-no-reh-sep-tours > something mechanical is changing—sound waves on the ear drum, pressure on a blood vessel, or a fly landing on the skin.

Microglossia > mik-roe-glos-ee-al > the condition of a small tongue is also called atrophy. micro/gloss/ia

Myopia > my-oh-pee-ah > condition of nearsightedness, vision is better up close because the light joins in front of the retina.

Myringoplasty > mi-ring-go-plaz-tea > surgical repair of the ear drum. myring/o/plasty

Nasal cilia > sil-ee-ah > tmicroscopic equivalent of nasal hair. It is part of the mucus production that floats debris up and out.

Nasogastric > nay-zo-gas-trik > pertaining to the nasal passage to the stomach. nas/o/gastr/ic

Nasopharynx > nay-zo-far-inks > part of the pharynx (throat) that lies above the soft palate. It opens anteriorly to the nasal cavity.

Nociceptors > no-see-sep-tours > generated by injury such as surgery, burn, chemical irritant, pressure, loud sounds, or intense light.

Oculodynia > ok-yu-low-dine-ee-ah > eye pain. ocul/o/dynia

Oculomotor > ok-yu-low-moe-tor > CN III, motion of lids, cornea, pain sensation of the eye

Olfactory > ohl-fak-tor-ee > to smell, the sense of smelling.

Ophthalmology > of-thal-mol-oh-gee > the study of the eyes. ophthalm/o/logy

Optic > op-tik > CN 2, optic nerve, sole activity is sensing light.

Optic neuritis > op-tik nur-eye-tis > inflammation of the optic nerve.

Osmoreceptors > oz-moe-reh-sep-tours > caused by chemical or the shift of fluid balance of the body. This is a function of the

hypothalamus to maintain homeostasis.

Otic > oh-tik > pertaining to the ear.

Otitis media > oh-tie-tis me-dee-ah> OM > inflammation of the middle ear.

Otodynia > oh-toe-dine-ee-ah > earache, ear pain. ot/o/dynia

Otoliths > oh-toe-liths > ear stones > tiny crystals that sit on the gel-like membranes of the inner ear. ot/o/liths

Otology > oh-tol-oh-gee > the study of the ear. ot/o/logy

Otomycosis > oh-toe-my-ko-sis > abnormal condition of ear fungus. ot/o/myc/osis

Otosclerosis > oh-toe-sklah-roe-sis > hardening of the ossicles. ot/o/scler/osis

Pachymeter > pah-kim-ee-tur > the measurement of the thickness of the cornea.

Palpebral > pal-peh-bral > pertaining to the eye lids. palpebr/al

Papilledema > pap-il-eh-dee-ma > bilateral swelling of the optic discs caused by intracranial pressure from a brain mass.

Peripheral neuropathy > nur-oh-nop-ah-thee > disease of the nerve/neurons at a distance. Common cause diabetes.

PERRLA > Pupils equal round & reactive to light and accommodation, physical exam acronym.

Phacoemulsification > fak-oh-ee-mul-see-fi-kay-shun > procedure to emulsify and aspirate the lens of the eys.

Photoreceptors > foe-to-reh-sep-tours > produced by light only—this is used by the eyes, vision specifically.

Pinguecula > ping-qwek-U-la > white to yellow accumulation of protein on the bulbar conjunctiva.

Presbycusis > prez-bee-kyu-sis > literally, ‘old hearing’. This term is used of the normal hearing changes of aging.

Presbyopia > prez-bee-oh-pee-ah > literally, this means ‘old eyes’. It refers to the condition of the loss of accommodation with aging.

Pterygium > tear-ij-eh-um > tissue mass that encroaches past the limbus onto the cornea.

Retinal detachment > ret-i-nal > loss of part of the retina from its layers.

Retinitis pigmentosa > ret-i-nal pig-men-toe-sah > gradually progressive degeneration of the retina that begins in childhood.

Retinoblastoma > ret-i-tin-oh-blas-toe-mah > a tumor of the retina produced by overgrowth of the development cells. retin/o/blast/oma

Rhinitis > rye-nigh-tis > inflammation of the nose. rhin/itis

Rhinoantritis > rye-no-an-try-tis > inflammation of the nose and one or both maxillary sinuses. rhin/o/antr/itis

Scleritis > sklar-eye-tis > inflammation of the sclera, the whites of the eye. scler/itis

Scotoma > sko-toe-ma > an area in the visual field that is blank, empty, or muted. A blind spot.

Semicircular canals > is the balance side of the inner ear, a bony labyrinth.

Sensorineural > sen-soar-ee-nur-al > pertaining the nerves ability to sense. sensor/i/neur/al

Sinusitis > sigh-nu-sigh-tis > inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. sinus/itis

Sinusotomy > sigh-nu-sot-oh-me > incision into the sinus. sinus/o/tomy

Stapedius > stay-pee-dee-us > muscle that protects the ear’s oval window.

Stapes > stay-pees > stirrup, it is the last and smallest of the middle ear bones.

Strabismus > strah-biz-mus > one eye is not parallel to the other.

Tensor tympani > tim-pah-knee > muscle that protects the ear drum from excessive motion, attaches to the handle of the malleus.

Thermoreceptors > ther-moe-reh-sep-tours > sparked via changes in temperature –this is touch, smell, and taste.

Tinnitus > tin-i-tus > noise in the ears: ringing, wind noise, booming, buzzing, clicking, or whistling.

Tonography > ton-oh-graf-ee > records intraocular pressures. ton/o/graphy

Trochlear > tro-klee-ar > CN IV, nerve moves the eye in (nasally) and up.

Turbinate > tur-bi-nate > from the Latin for ‘shaped like a top’; three turbinates filter and warm the air on the way to the lungs. An

alternate term for turbinate is concha (kong-ka) > shell-shape.

Turbinectomy > tur-bi-nek-toe-me > surgical removal of the turbinate bone. turbin/ectomy

Turbinotomy > tur-bi-not-oh-me > surgical incision into the turbinate bone. turbin/o/tomy

Tympanocentesis > tim-pah-no-sen-tea-sis > surgical puncture of the TM with a needle to aspirate fluid. tympan/o/centesis

Tympanogram > tim-pan-oh-gram > record of the movement of the TM. tympan/o/gram

Tympanometry > tim-pah-nom-ee-tree > this is a specific measurement of the compliance of the drum.

Umami > u-mah-me > is from the Japanese for savory taste.

Vagus > vay-gus > CN X is the only CN to leave the cranium and is active with the heart, pharynx, larynx, and the GI tract.

Vestibulotomy > ves-tib-U-lot-oh-me > to cut into the vestibule of the ear. vestibul/o/tomy

Vibrissae > vie-bris-see > proper term for nose hairs.

Vitreous (vit-ree-us) floaters > tiny collagen fibers of the stroma that have been dislodged.