DOCSLIB.ORG

Biology Papers Were Read by Title and Are Included Either in of the Seal Was Held at the University of Guelph, On­ Full Or Abstract Form in This Volume

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biology Papers Were Read by Title and Are Included Either in of the Seal Was Held at the University of Guelph, On­ Full Or Abstract Form in This Volume 7 PREFACE The first International Symposium on the Biology papers were read by title and are included either in of the Seal was held at the University of Guelph, On­ full or abstract form in this volume. The 139 particip­ tario, Canada from 13 to 17 August 1972. The sym­ ants represented 16 countries, permitting scientific posium developed from discussions originating in Dub­ interchange of a truly international nature. lin in 1969 at the meeting of the Marine Mammals In his opening address, V. B. Scheffer suggested that Committee of the International Council for the Ex­ a dream was becoming a reality with a meeting of ploration of the Sea (ICES). The culmination of such a large group of pinniped biologists. This he felt three years’ organization resulted in the first interna­ was very relevant at a time when the relationship of tional meeting, and this volume. The president of ICES marine mammals and man was being closely examined Professor W. Cieglewicz, offered admirable support as on biological, political and ethical grounds. well as honouring the participants by attending the The scientific session commenced with a seven paper symposium. section on evolution chaired by E. D. Mitchell which The programme committee was composed of experts showed the origins and subsequent development of representing the major international sponsors. W. N. this amphibious group of higher vertebrates. Many of Bonner, Head, Seals Research Division, Institute for the arguments for particular evolutionary trends are Marine Environmental Research (IMER), represented speculative in nature and different interpretations can ICES; A. W. Mansfield, Director, Arctic Biological be attached to the same fossil material. Readers of this Station, Fisheries Research Board of Canada (FRB) volume should be aware of such differences when read­ represented the International Commission for North­ ing the papers in this section. The twelve papers of west Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF); and K. S. Norris, S. H. Ridgway’s section on functional anatomy illus­ Director, Marine Mammal Council Executive Com­ trated the fundamental structure of the seal, as well mittee, represented the International Biological Pro­ as its associated control mechanisms. R. J. Schusterman gram (IBP). The Food and Agriculture Organization followed this theme by introducing ten papers on be­ of the United Nations (FAO) also offered its support haviour. He established a major focus on social or­ to the programme and ICNAF has contributed to the ganization and communication and their association financing of this volume. with the functional anatomy of the pinnipeds. D. E. Sponsors of national origin were the Fisheries Re­ Sergeant chaired the population dynamics section of search Board of Canada (FRB), the National Re­ seven papers, covering the modelling of populations search Council of Canada (NRCC), the Canadian and method of analysis of seal populations around the National Sportsmen’s Show (CNSS), the World Wild­ world. In the fifth section, J. R. Geraci, by means of life Fund (Canada) (WWF), and the University of papers and a panel discussion dealt with the care and Guelph. management of captive pinnipeds. W. N. Bonner co­ In his preliminary remarks Professor Ronald intro­ ordinated a presentation in the broad area of ecology, duced the representatives of these groups; namely J. R. and was able to bring together studies on environmen­ Weir, Chairman, Fisheries Research Board of Canada; tal factors and their associated behavioural and gene­ S. Bata, International Director and J. S. McCormack, tic control systems. The physiology section was chaired Director, World Wildlife Fund (Canada); and R. T. by H. T. Andersen, his introductory remarks forming D. Birchall, President, Canadian National Sportsmen’s the initial paper of the section. The other six papers Show and a Director of WWF (Canada). of his section emphasized the underwater responses of W. C. Winegard, President of the University of seals. The final and general section, chaired by J. E. Guelph, welcomed participants to the symposium and King, offered a broad coverage of several of the more commented particularly on how pleased he was to interesting areas in various disciplines. welcome representatives from so many countries. Later, A. W. Mansfield acted as rapporteur for the entire at a banquet sponsored by the Department of the En­ programme, and his report stressed the need for con­ vironment, Canada, he offered an invitation to the tinued cooperation by all biologists so that they might group to return in 1975 for a Second International understand seals and their importance to environmen­ Seal Symposium. tal studies. Altogether 62 papers were presented. A further 14 This volume includes with one exception, those pa- 8 K. Ronald pers either presented, read by title, or abstracted, but mammals of the world’ by D. W. Rice and V. B. the continuing discussion on the biology of the seals Scheffer (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washing­ led to one further paper that is included here. Some ton, 1968) has been used as the standard reference on of the discussion was formal and, where recordable, is nomenclature. included here, but by far the greater part of discussion The work of the chairmen of each of the seven sec­ was informal and hence must remain as extremely tions of this volume is especially recognized. As well, valuable, but merely mental recollections of the par­ the convenor wishes to thank the programme com­ ticipants in the symposium. mittee for their ability to support a somewhat unortho­ The symposium achieved its purpose of bringing dox procedural system, and particularly the sponsors together scientists interested in the Pinnipedia and it ICES, ICNAF, IBP, CNSS, FRB, NRCC, WWF (Ca­ offered leads into the international examination of nada), FAO, and the University of Guelph for their marine mammals. valuable financial assistance. The editors with little apology recognized that they The convenor is most grateful to Mr. H. Tambs- have not reached a completely uniform format in this Lyche, General Secretary of ICES, for his advice and volume since they have allowed use of both English encouragement from the embryonic stages of the sym­ and metric systems of measurement and both English posium to the publication of the proceedings; he also and North American word usage for the sake of har­ recognizes the considerable amount of expert help pro­ mony. The main editorial structure has been the con­ vided by A. W. Mansfield in co-editing this volume. sistency of usage throughout a particular paper. Finally, the effort put into both the symposium and Attempts have also been made to attain a fairly this volume by Mrs. Ginny Bandesen has been beyond uniform taxonomy for the species, but where there has measure, but I hope that she will accept the results of been any doubt caution has not overridden clarity. As the symposium recorded here as tangible proof of her in other mammalian groups, the systematics of the most valuable contribution. To the members of the Pinnipedia are still open to much interpretation. The Dean of the College of Biological Science’s office, the references are cited according to an Annotated Biblio- university support staff and our host Dr. W. C. Wine- praphy on the Pinnipedia*. The ‘List of the marine gard, I express on behalf of the participants and my­ self, our sincerest thanks. * Ronald, K., L. M. Hanly and P. J. Healey, College of Bio­ K . Ronald, logical Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Convenor The following have kindly acted as Discussion Care and Management Section Leaders of the different Sections and also assisted in J. R. Geraci the editing of the contributions: Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Evolution Section Ecology Section E. D. Mitchell Arctic Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board W. N. Bonner of Canada, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada. Seals Research Division IMER, c/o Fisheries Labora­ tories, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. Functional Anatomy Section Physiology Section S. H. Ridgway H. T. Andersen School of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Nutrition Institute, University of Oslo, Blindern, Cambridge, England. Oslo, Norway. Behaviour Section General Session R. J. Schusterman J. E. King Department of Psychology, California State University Department of Zoology, University of New South Hayward, California 94542, U.S.A. Wales, Kensington, N.S.W., Australia. Population Dynamics Section Summary D. E. Sergeant A. W. Mansfield (Rapporteur) Arctic Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board of Arctic Biological Station, Fisheries Research Board Canada, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada. of Canada, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada. 102 Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 169: 102-111. 1975. AQUATIC ADAPTATIONS IN THE EAR OF THE HARP SEAL PAGOPHILUS GROENLANDICUS (ERXLEBEN, 1777) F. R a m p r a s h a d Department of Zoology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2WI, Canada INTRODUCTION strands of the extrinsic auricular muscles are also It is difficult to carry out an anatomical study of inserted on to an aponeurosis in the membranous part any organ without making some reference to the of the outer ear. The action of the extrinsic muscles function of the organ. This is clearly illustrated in all is to open and close the external orifice, i.e. the the anatomical studies of the human ear, and also in membranous part of the outer ear. the studies of the cetacean ear by Reysenbach de The intrinsic auricular muscles, mainly the well- Haan (1957), Fraser and Purves (1960) and more developed helicis and antitragicus (muscles number 7 recent studies by Wever et al (1971, 1971a, 1971b) and 8, Fig. 61), constrict the membranous part of the and Ridgway et al (1972). It is even more interesting outer ear at the internal pinna. The contraction of to compare the structure of the ear of aquatic mam­ the tragicus medialis (muscle number 6) opens this mals with that of terrestrial mammals.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Pictorial Review of Round Window Pathologies
    REVIEW ARTICLE The Forgotten Second Window: A Pictorial Review of Round Window Pathologies J.C. Benson, F. Diehn, T. Passe, J. Guerin, V.M. Silvera, M.L. Carlson, and J. Lane ABSTRACT SUMMARY: The round window serves to decompress acoustic energy that enters the cochlea via stapes movement against the oval window. Any inward motion of the oval window via stapes vibration leads to outward motion of the round window. Occlusion of the round window is a cause of conductive hearing loss because it increases the resistance to sound energy and con- sequently dampens energy propagation. Because the round window niche is not adequately evaluated by otoscopy and may be incompletely exposed during an operation, otologic surgeons may not always correctly identify associated pathology. Thus, radiol- ogists play an essential role in the identification and classification of diseases affecting the round window. The purpose of this review is to highlight the developmental, acquired, neoplastic, and iatrogenic range of pathologies that can be encountered in round window dysfunction. ABBREVIATIONS: LO 4 labyrinthitis ossificans; RW 4 round window he round window (RW) serves as a boundary between the considerations of the round window that can be encoun- Tbasal turn of the cochlea anteriorly and the round win- tered on imaging are reviewed. dow niche posteriorly.1 It, along with the oval window, is 1 of 2 natural openings between the inner and middle ear. The Physiology and Functionality “ ” round window is often overshadowed by the first window The inner ear “windows” refer to openings in the otic capsule “ ” (the oval window) and pathologic third windows (eg, that connect the fluid in the inner ear to either the middle ear or superior semicircular canal dehiscence).
    [Show full text]
  • The Round Window Region and Contiguous Areas: Endoscopic Anatomy and Surgical Implications
    Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI 10.1007/s00405-014-2923-8 OTOLOGY The round window region and contiguous areas: endoscopic anatomy and surgical implications Daniele Marchioni · Matteo Alicandri-Ciufelli · David D. Pothier · Alessia Rubini · Livio Presutti Received: 16 October 2013 / Accepted: 28 January 2014 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract The round window region is a critical area of window region. Exact anatomical knowledge of this region the middle ear; the aim of this paper is to describe its anat- can have important advantages during surgery, since some omy from an endoscopic perspective, emphasizing some pathology can invade inside cavities or tunnels otherwise structures, the knowledge of which could have important not seen by instrumentation that produces a straight-line implications during surgery, as well as to evaluate what view (e.g. microscope). involvement cholesteatoma may have with these structures. Retrospective review of video recordings of endoscopic Keywords Retrotympanum · Endoscopic ear surgery · ear surgeries and retrospective database review were con- Cholesteatoma · Middle ear anatomy · Round window ducted in Tertiary university referral center. Videos from endoscopic middle ear procedures carried out between June 2010 and September 2012 and stored in a shared data- Introduction base were reviewed retrospectively. Surgeries in which an endoscopic magnification of the round window region and The surgical management of cholesteatoma is still a contro- the inferior retrotympanum area was performed intraop- versial issue. Endoscopic instrumentation, techniques and eratively were included in the study. Involvement by cho- knowledge have improved considerably over the last few lesteatoma of those regions was also documented based years, and we believe that, in the future, endoscopic surgi- on information obtained from the surgical database.
    [Show full text]
  • Instruction Sheet: Otitis Externa
    University of North Carolina Wilmington Abrons Student Health Center INSTRUCTION SHEET: OTITIS EXTERNA The Student Health Provider has diagnosed otitis externa, also known as external ear infection, or swimmer's ear. Otitis externa is a bacterial/fungal infection in the ear canal (the ear canal goes from the outside opening of the ear to the eardrum). Water in the ear, from swimming or bathing, makes the ear canal prone to infection. Hot and humid weather also predisposes to infection. Symptoms of otitis externa include: ear pain, fullness or itching in the ear, ear drainage, and temporary loss of hearing. These symptoms are similar to those caused by otitis media (middle ear infection). To differentiate between external ear infection and middle ear infection, the provider looks in the ear with an instrument called an otoscope. It is important to distinguish between the two infections, as they are treated differently: External otitis is treated with drops in the ear canal, while middle ear infection is sometimes treated with an antibiotic by mouth. MEASURES YOU SHOULD TAKE TO HELP TREAT EXTERNAL EAR INFECTION: 1. Use the ear drops regularly, as directed on the prescription. 2. The key to treatment is getting the drops down into the canal and keeping the medicine there. To accomplish this: Lie on your side, with the unaffected ear down. Put three to four drops in the infected ear canal, then gently pull the outer ear back and forth several times, working the medicine deeper into the ear canal. Remain still, good-ear-side-down for about 15 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Round Window Chamber and Fustis: Endoscopic Anatomy and Surgical Implications
    Round window chamber and fustis: endoscopic anatomy and surgical implications Daniele Marchioni, Davide Soloperto, Elena Colleselli, Maria Fatima Tatti, Nirmal Patel & Nicholas Jufas Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy ISSN 0930-1038 Surg Radiol Anat DOI 10.1007/s00276-016-1662-5 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer- Verlag France. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Surg Radiol Anat DOI 10.1007/s00276-016-1662-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Round window chamber and fustis: endoscopic anatomy and surgical implications 1 1 1 1 Daniele Marchioni • Davide Soloperto • Elena Colleselli • Maria Fatima Tatti • 2,3,4 2,3,4 Nirmal Patel • Nicholas Jufas Received: 14 September 2015 / Accepted: 29 February 2016 Ó Springer-Verlag France 2016 Abstract The round window region is of critical which enables a comprehensive exploration of the round importance in the anatomy of the middle ear. The aim of window region. Accurate knowledge of the anatomical this paper is to describe its anatomy from an endoscopic relationships of this region has important advantages point of view, emphasizing structures that have important during middle ear surgery.
    [Show full text]
  • Status and Strategies Analysis on International Standardization of Auricular Acupuncture Points
    Online Submissions:http://www.journaltcm.com J Tradit Chin Med 2013 June 15; 33(3): 408-412 [email protected] ISSN 0255-2922 © 2013 JTCM. All rights reserved. REVIEWTOPIC Status and strategies analysis on international standardization of auricular acupuncture points Lei Wang, Baixiao Zhao, Liqun Zhou aa Lei Wang, Baixiao Zhao, School of Acupuncture-Moxibus- Germany. Clinical AAP research was done in Italy, tion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Bei- Austria, Switzerland, Spain, the UK, Holland, Japan, jing 100029, China Russia, and Africa. However, AAP research was not Liqun Zhou, Department of Humanities of Traditional Chi- communicated internationally. The World Federa- nese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Uni- tion of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies recom- versity of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China Supported by a Grant of Key Technology Standard Promo- mended international standard of auricular acu- tion Project (No. 2006BAK04A20) from the Ministry of Sci- puncture points (ISAAPs). Standardized nomencla- ence and Technology of China, and a Grant (No. 2009B26) ture and locations of AAPs would provide a solid from the World Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion basis to draft an international standard organiza- Societies tion. Correspondence to: Prof. Baixiao Zhao, School of Acu- puncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chi- CONCLUSION: Experts need to find common nese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China. baixiao100@gmail. points from different countries or regions, provide com evidence of different ideas, and list the proposal as Telephone: +86-10-64286737; +86-13911040781 a recommendation for an international standard. Accepted: January 27, 2013 © 2013 JTCM. All rights reserved. Abstract Key words: Acupuncture, ear; Reference standards; Information storage and retrieval OBJECTIVE: To supply literature for developing an international standard of auricular acupuncture points.
    [Show full text]
  • Ear Infections
    EAR INFECTIONS How common are ear infections in cats? Infections of the external ear canal (outer ear) by bacteria or yeast are common in dogs but not as common in cats. Outer ear infections are called otitis externa. The most common cause of feline otitis externa is ear mite infestation. What are the symptoms of an ear infection? Ear infection cause pain and discomfort and the ear canals are sensitive. Many cats will shake their head and scratch their ears attempting to remove the debris and fluid from the ear canal. The ears often become red and inflamed and develop an offensive odor. A black or yellow discharge is commonly observed. Don't these symptoms usually suggest ear mites? Ear mites can cause several of these symptoms including a black discharge, scratching and head shaking. However, ear mite infections generally occur in kittens. Ear mites in adult cats occur most frequently after a kitten carrying mites is introduced into the household. Sometimes ear mites will create an environment within the ear canal which leads to a secondary infection with bacteria or yeast. By the time the cat is presented to the veterinarian the mites may be gone but a significant ear infection remains. Since these symptoms are similar can I just buy some ear drops? No, careful diagnosis of the exact cause of the problem is necessary to enable selection of appropriate treatment. There are several kinds of bacteria and fungi that might cause an ear infection. Without knowing the kind of infection present, we do not know which drug to use.
    [Show full text]
  • Spectrum of Third Window Abnormalities: Semicircular Canal Dehiscence and Beyond
    Published August 25, 2016 as 10.3174/ajnr.A4922 REVIEW ARTICLE Spectrum of Third Window Abnormalities: Semicircular Canal Dehiscence and Beyond X M.-L. Ho, X G. Moonis, X C.F. Halpin, and X H.D. Curtin ABSTRACT SUMMARY: Third window abnormalities are defects in the integrity of the bony structure of the inner ear, classically producing sound-/ pressure-induced vertigo (Tullio and Hennebert signs) and/or a low-frequency air-bone gap by audiometry. Specific anatomic defects include semicircular canal dehiscence, perilabyrinthine fistula, enlarged vestibular aqueduct, dehiscence of the scala vestibuli side of the cochlea, X-linked stapes gusher, and bone dyscrasias. We discuss these various entities and provide key examples from our institutional teaching file with a discussion of symptomatology, temporal bone CT, audiometry, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials. ABBREVIATIONS: EVAS ϭ enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome; SSCCD ϭ superior semicircular canal dehiscence hird window abnormalities are defects in the integrity of the ing effects decrease air conduction. The 2 physiologic windows Tbony structure of the inner ear, first described by Minor et al between the middle and inner ear are the oval window, which in 1998.1 In 2008, Merchant and Rosowski2 proposed a universal transmits vibrations from the auditory ossicles, and the round theory for the underlying mechanism of hearing loss accompany- window of the cochlea. With air conduction, there is physiologic ing these defects. Normal sound conduction is transmitted entrainment of the oval and round windows due to coupling by through the oval and round windows, which serve as fluid inter- incompressible perilymph. Pressure differences between the co- faces between air in the middle ear and perilymphatic fluid spaces chlear perilymphatic spaces activate hair cells and create the per- of the inner ear.
    [Show full text]
  • Cochlear Partition Anatomy and Motion in Humans Differ from The
    Cochlear partition anatomy and motion in humans differ from the classic view of mammals Stefan Raufera,b,1, John J. Guinan Jra,b,c, and Hideko Heidi Nakajimaa,b,c aEaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114; bSpeech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and cDepartment of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Edited by Christopher A. Shera, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Thomas D. Albright June 6, 2019 (received for review January 16, 2019) Mammals detect sound through mechanosensitive cells of the assume there is no OSL motion (10–13). Additionally, the attach- cochlear organ of Corti that rest on the basilar membrane (BM). ment of the OSL to the BM and the attachment of the TM to Motions of the BM and organ of Corti have been studied at the spiral limbus (which sits above the OSL) are also consid- the cochlear base in various laboratory animals, and the assump- ered stationary. In contrast to this view, there have been reports tion has been that the cochleas of all mammals work similarly. of sound-induced OSL movement, but these reports have been In the classic view, the BM attaches to a stationary osseous spi- largely ignored in overviews of cochlear mechanics and the for- ral lamina (OSL), the tectorial membrane (TM) attaches to the mation of cochlear models (10–13). Von B´ek´esy (14), using static limbus above the stationary OSL, and the BM is the major mov- pressure, found that the CP “bent like an elastic rod that was free ing element, with a peak displacement near its center.
    [Show full text]
  • ANATOMY of EAR Basic Ear Anatomy
    ANATOMY OF EAR Basic Ear Anatomy • Expected outcomes • To understand the hearing mechanism • To be able to identify the structures of the ear Development of Ear 1. Pinna develops from 1st & 2nd Branchial arch (Hillocks of His). Starts at 6 Weeks & is complete by 20 weeks. 2. E.A.M. develops from dorsal end of 1st branchial arch starting at 6-8 weeks and is complete by 28 weeks. 3. Middle Ear development —Malleus & Incus develop between 6-8 weeks from 1st & 2nd branchial arch. Branchial arches & Development of Ear Dev. contd---- • T.M at 28 weeks from all 3 germinal layers . • Foot plate of stapes develops from otic capsule b/w 6- 8 weeks. • Inner ear develops from otic capsule starting at 5 weeks & is complete by 25 weeks. • Development of external/middle/inner ear is independent of each other. Development of ear External Ear • It consists of - Pinna and External auditory meatus. Pinna • It is made up of fibro elastic cartilage covered by skin and connected to the surrounding parts by ligaments and muscles. • Various landmarks on the pinna are helix, antihelix, lobule, tragus, concha, scaphoid fossa and triangular fossa • Pinna has two surfaces i.e. medial or cranial surface and a lateral surface . • Cymba concha lies between crus helix and crus antihelix. It is an important landmark for mastoid antrum. Anatomy of external ear • Landmarks of pinna Anatomy of external ear • Bat-Ear is the most common congenital anomaly of pinna in which antihelix has not developed and excessive conchal cartilage is present. • Corrections of Pinna defects are done at 6 years of age.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Ear Problem (Worksheet)
    Special Ear Problem (Worksheet) anvil hammer oval window Extenal auditory canal Cochlea Ear drum stirrip organ of corti Round window Basilar membrane A) Label on the drawing above: 1. External auditory canal 2. ear drum (tympanic membrane) 3. hammer (maleus) 4. anvil (incus) 5. stirrup (stapes) 6. cochlea 7. oval window 8. round window 9. basilar membrane 10. organ of Corti B) In one or two sentences, what is the function of the outer ear The outer ear collects sound and guides it to the eardrum. C) The external auditory canal functions like a 2.5 cm closed pipe. What are the first two resonances of this pipe and how do these explain features of Figure 12-7 on page 354 of your book (Giancoli)? The first two resonances are about 3500 Hz --- the frequency where your ear is most sensitive --- and 10,5000 --- which corresponds to kinks in the curves of Fig. 12-7. D)What is the boundary between the outer ear and the middle ear? The Eardrum E) In one or two sentences, what is the function of the middle ear? The middle ear takes the pressure wave coming from the (large area) eardrum and “amplifies” the pressure by about 40 to generate a wave in the fluid of the cochlea through the (small area) oval window. F) What is the boundary between the middle ear and the inner ear? The oval window. G) In one or two sentences, what is the function of the inner ear? The inner ear generates electrical signals from the (liquid) pressure waves generated at the oval window.
    [Show full text]
  • Eustachian Tube Catheterization. J Otolaryngol ENT Res
    Journal of Otolaryngology-ENT Research Editorial Open Access Eustachian tube catheterization Volume 3 Issue 2 - 2015 Hee-Young Kim Introduction Otorhinolaryngology, Kim ENT clinic, Republic of Korea Although Eustachian tube obstruction (ETO) as one of the principal Correspondence: Hee-Young Kim, Otorhinolaryngology, Kim causes of ‘hearing loss’, and/or ‘ear fullness’, and/or ‘tinnitus’, and/ ENT Clinic, 2nd fl. 119, Jangseungbaegi-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06935, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-02-855-7541, or ‘headache (including otalgia)’, and/or ‘vertigo’, has already been Email recognized by many well-respected senior doctors for a long time, it has still received only scant attention both in the literature and in Received: September 02, 2015 | Published: September 14, practice.1,2 2015 Pressure differences between the middle ear and the atmosphere cause temporary conductive hearing loss by decreased motion of the tympanic membrane and ossicles of the ear.3 This point includes clue for explaining the mechanism of tinnitus due to Eustachian tube obstruction.1 Improvement of tinnitus after Eustachian tube catheterization, can mean that the tinnitus is from the hypersensitivity of cochlear nucleus following decrease of afferent nerve stimuli owing to air-bone gap.1,4 The middle ear is very much like a specialized paranasal sinus, with normal balance as maintained by the labyrinthine mechanism.7 called the tympanic cavity; it, like the paranasal sinuses, is a hollow There are many other conditions which may cause vertigo, but since mucosa-lined cavity in the skull that is ventilated through the nose.5 Eustachian tube obstruction is one of the most obvious, and also the Tympanic cavity and mastoid cavity are named on the basis of most easily corrected, every patient with symptoms of vertigo, and/or anatomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Reports
    ARAŞTIRMALAR (ResearchUnur, Ülger, Reports) Ekinci MORPHOMETRICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS OF MIDDLE EAR OSSICLES IN THE NEWBORN* Yeni doğanlarda orta kulak kemikciklerinin morfometrik ve morfolojik varyasyonları Erdoğan UNUR 1, Harun ÜLGER 1, Nihat EKİNCİ 2 Abstract Özet Purpose: Aim of this study was to investigate the Amaç: Yeni doğanlarda orta kulak kemikciklerinin morphometric and morphologic variations of middle ear morfometrik ve morfolojik varyasyonlarını ortaya ossicles. koymak. Materials and Methods: Middle ear of 20 newborn Gereç ve yöntem: Her iki cinse ait 20 yeni doğan cadavers from both sexes were dissected bilaterally and kadavrasının orta kulak boşluğuna girilerek elde edilen the ossicles were obtained to investigate their orta kulak kemikcikleri üzerinde morfometrik ve morphometric and morphologic characteristics. morfolojik inceleme yapıldı. Results: The average of morphometric parameters Bulgular: Morfometrik sonuçlar; malleus’un toplam showed that the malleus was 7.69 mm in total length with uzunluğu 7.69 mm, manibrium mallei’nin uzunluğu 4.70 an angle of 137 o; the manibrium mallei was 4.70 mm, mm, caput mallei ve processus lateralis arasındaki and the total length of head and neck was 4.85 mm; the uzaklık 4.85 mm, manibrium mallei’nin ekseni ve caput incus had a total length of 6.47 mm, total width of 4.88 mallei arasındaki açı 137 o, incus’un toplam uzunluğu mm , and a maximal distance of 6.12 mm between the 6.47 mm, toplam genişliği 4.88 mm, crus longum ve tops of the processes, with an angle of 99.9 o; the stapes breve’nin uçları arasındaki uzaklık 6.12 mm, cruslar had a total height of 3.22 mm, with stapedial base being arasındaki açı 99.9 o, stapesin toplam uzunluğu 2.57 mm in length and 1.29 mm in width.
    [Show full text]