UNIT 8 GLOSSARY & PRONUNCIATION Word Pronunciation Definition & Construction Abducens > ab-due-sens > CN VI, nerve moves the eye laterally, away from the nose. Acoustic > ah-kus-tik > pertaining to sound. acous/tic Amaurosis fugax > am-awe-row-sis foo-gaks > transient ischemic attack (TIA) of the retina, a temporary loss of blood flow. Amblyopia > am-blee-oh-pee-ah > condition of dim vision, visual impairment. ambly/opia Anisocoria > an-ee-so-kor-ee-ah > condition of unequal pupils (side to side). aniso/coria Anosmia > an-oz-me-ah > condition of the inability to smell. an/osmia Antronasal > an-trow-na-zal > pertaining to the maxillary sinus and nose. antro/nas/al Astigmatism > ah-stig-mah-tizm > lens of one eye has a slightly different refractivity (curvature) than the other. Blepharitis > bleh-far-eye-tis > inflammation of the eye lids. blephar/itis Cacosmia > kah-koz-me-ah > condition of ‘bad odors’. This is a subjective perception of a noxious odor. 1 Cerumen > seh-rue-men > earwax. Chalazion > kah-lay-zee-on > deeper, chronic, inflammatory granuloma of the eyelid. It is also called a tarsal cyst. Chemoreceptors > key-moe-reh-sep-tours > activated with the detection of a chemical – taste and smell! Cholesteatoma > ko-lee-steh-ah-toe-me > fatty mass that occurs in the middle ear. chole/steat/oma Cochlea > kok-lee-ah > singular and cochleae (plural) > a snail shell; the mechanical sound wave will end deep in the shell at the Organ of Corti, the cochlear nerve Conductive > kon-duk-tive > hearing loss is caused by something blocking the sound wave. Conjunctivitis > kon-junk-tea-vigh-tis > inflammation of the inner lid area. conjunctiv/itis Corectopia > kor-ek-toe-pee-ah > condition of the pupil not being in the center of the iris. corect/opia Corneal > kor-knee-al > pertaining to the cornea of the eye. corne/al Cycloplegia > sigh-klo-pleh-jee-ah > condition of paralysis of the ciliary muscle. cycl/o/plegia Dacryolith > dak-ree-oh-lith > tear duct stone. dacry/o/lith 2 Ectropion > ek-trow-pee-on> when the lid and lashes roll outward. Entropion > en-trow-pee-on > when the lashes turn into the eyeball, which can damage structures. Esotropia > es-oh-trow-pee-ah > condition of one eye turning in. Eustachian > yu-stay-she-an > tube or auditory tube, this middle ear structure allows the normal fluid of the area to drain to the pharynx. Exotropia > eks-oh-trow-pee-ah > condition of one eye turning out. Facial > fay-shal > CN VII gives taste and pain reception to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and motion to all the facial muscles. Fluorescein > floor-es-eh-cen > stain viewed through a cobalt-blue light. Fovea > foe-vee-ah centralis > this is the center of the macula retina. It is the point of most precise vision. Glaucoma > glaw-ko-mah) > steadily, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by increased intraocular pressures. Glossopharyngeal > glos-sow-fair-in-jee-al > CN IX gives taste, pain reception, muscles action for swallowing, and secretion of saliva. gloss/o/pharyng/eal Glossoplasty > glos-oh-plaz-tea > surgical repair of the tongue is required for deep bites or tears of the tongue. gloss/o/plasty 3 Glossotrichia > glos-oh-trik-ee-ah > literally, hairy tongue. This is called ‘hairy leukoplakia’. gloss/o/trichia Hemianopia > hem-ee-ah-no-pee-ah > condition of loss of one half of the visual fields of one or both eyes. hemi/an/opia Hemorrhea > he-moe-ree-ah > bloody discharge from the ear. hem/o/rrhea Hordeolum > hor-deh-oh-lum > a stye of the eyelid caused by the same staphylococcal infection at an eyelash. Hyperacusis > hi-purr-ah-kyu-sis > hypersensitivity to sounds. Hyperopia > hi-purr-oh-pee-ah > condition of farsightedness, vision is better at a distance because the light meets behind the retina. Hypertropia > hi-purr-trow-pee-ah > condition of one eye turning up. Hypoglossal > hi-poe-glos-al > CN XII movement and proprioceptive sense to the tongue. hypo/gloss/al Hypotropia > hi-poe-trow-pee-ah > condition of one eye turning down. Incus > ing-kus > anvil, it is the middle bone of the middle ear. Iridoplegia > ir-e-doe-pleh-jee-ah > condition of paralysis of the iris. irid/o/plegia Iritis > eye-rye-tis > inflammation of the iris. ir/itis 4 Keratotomy > ker-ah-tot-oh-me > a cut into the cornea. kerat/o/tomy Lacrimal > lack-ri-mal > pertaining to the tears of the eye. lacrim/al Lingua > ling-gwa > singular; linguae (ling-gwee) is the plural > tongue from the Latin. Macroglossia > mak-roe-glos-ee-ah > condition of enlarged tongue. macro/gloss/ia Macula > mak-U-lah retina > small spot. For the eyes, this site has the maximum number of color receptors. Macular > mak-U-lar degeneration > A slowly developing loss of the macula of the eye, the point of best central vision. Malleolus > mal-ee-oh-lus > the rounded bony prominence at the ankle. Malleus > mal-ee-us > largest of the three middle ear bones, firmly attached to the backside of the TM. Mechanoreceptors > mek-ah-no-reh-sep-tours > something mechanical is changing—sound waves on the ear drum, pressure on a blood vessel, or a fly landing on the skin. Microglossia > mik-roe-glos-ee-al > the condition of a small tongue is also called atrophy. micro/gloss/ia Myopia > my-oh-pee-ah > condition of nearsightedness, vision is better up close because the light joins in front of the retina. Myringoplasty > mi-ring-go-plaz-tea > surgical repair of the ear drum. myring/o/plasty 5 Nasal cilia > sil-ee-ah > tmicroscopic equivalent of nasal hair. It is part of the mucus production that floats debris up and out. Nasogastric > nay-zo-gas-trik > pertaining to the nasal passage to the stomach. nas/o/gastr/ic Nasopharynx > nay-zo-far-inks > part of the pharynx (throat) that lies above the soft palate. It opens anteriorly to the nasal cavity. Nociceptors > no-see-sep-tours > generated by injury such as surgery, burn, chemical irritant, pressure, loud sounds, or intense light. Oculodynia > ok-yu-low-dine-ee-ah > eye pain. ocul/o/dynia Oculomotor > ok-yu-low-moe-tor > CN III, motion of lids, cornea, pain sensation of the eye Olfactory > ohl-fak-tor-ee > to smell, the sense of smelling. Ophthalmology > of-thal-mol-oh-gee > the study of the eyes. ophthalm/o/logy Optic > op-tik > CN 2, optic nerve, sole activity is sensing light. Optic neuritis > op-tik nur-eye-tis > inflammation of the optic nerve. Osmoreceptors > oz-moe-reh-sep-tours > caused by chemical or the shift of fluid balance of the body. This is a function of the hypothalamus to maintain homeostasis. 6 Otic > oh-tik > pertaining to the ear. Otitis media > oh-tie-tis me-dee-ah> OM > inflammation of the middle ear. Otodynia > oh-toe-dine-ee-ah > earache, ear pain. ot/o/dynia Otoliths > oh-toe-liths > ear stones > tiny crystals that sit on the gel-like membranes of the inner ear. ot/o/liths Otology > oh-tol-oh-gee > the study of the ear. ot/o/logy Otomycosis > oh-toe-my-ko-sis > abnormal condition of ear fungus. ot/o/myc/osis Otosclerosis > oh-toe-sklah-roe-sis > hardening of the ossicles. ot/o/scler/osis Pachymeter > pah-kim-ee-tur > the measurement of the thickness of the cornea. Palpebral > pal-peh-bral > pertaining to the eye lids. palpebr/al Papilledema > pap-il-eh-dee-ma > bilateral swelling of the optic discs caused by intracranial pressure from a brain mass. Peripheral neuropathy > nur-oh-nop-ah-thee > disease of the nerve/neurons at a distance. Common cause diabetes. PERRLA > Pupils equal round & reactive to light and accommodation, physical exam acronym. 7 Phacoemulsification > fak-oh-ee-mul-see-fi-kay-shun > procedure to emulsify and aspirate the lens of the eys. Photoreceptors > foe-to-reh-sep-tours > produced by light only—this is used by the eyes, vision specifically. Pinguecula > ping-qwek-U-la > white to yellow accumulation of protein on the bulbar conjunctiva. Presbycusis > prez-bee-kyu-sis > literally, ‘old hearing’. This term is used of the normal hearing changes of aging. Presbyopia > prez-bee-oh-pee-ah > literally, this means ‘old eyes’. It refers to the condition of the loss of accommodation with aging. Pterygium > tear-ij-eh-um > tissue mass that encroaches past the limbus onto the cornea. Retinal detachment > ret-i-nal > loss of part of the retina from its layers. Retinitis pigmentosa > ret-i-nal pig-men-toe-sah > gradually progressive degeneration of the retina that begins in childhood. Retinoblastoma > ret-i-tin-oh-blas-toe-mah > a tumor of the retina produced by overgrowth of the development cells. retin/o/blast/oma Rhinitis > rye-nigh-tis > inflammation of the nose. rhin/itis Rhinoantritis > rye-no-an-try-tis > inflammation of the nose and one or both maxillary sinuses. rhin/o/antr/itis 8 Scleritis > sklar-eye-tis > inflammation of the sclera, the whites of the eye. scler/itis Scotoma > sko-toe-ma > an area in the visual field that is blank, empty, or muted. A blind spot. Semicircular canals > is the balance side of the inner ear, a bony labyrinth. Sensorineural > sen-soar-ee-nur-al > pertaining the nerves ability to sense. sensor/i/neur/al Sinusitis > sigh-nu-sigh-tis > inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. sinus/itis Sinusotomy > sigh-nu-sot-oh-me > incision into the sinus. sinus/o/tomy Stapedius > stay-pee-dee-us > muscle that protects the ear’s oval window. Stapes > stay-pees > stirrup, it is the last and smallest of the middle ear bones.