DOCSLIB.ORG

H Annual Natural Disasters El Deaths

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
H Annual Natural Disasters El Deaths Report No.43465-TJ Report No. Tajikistan 43465-TJAnalysis Environmental Country Tajikistan Country Environmental Analysis Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized May 15, 2008 Environment Department (ENV) And Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit (ECSPE) Europe and Central Asia Region Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 7 IIntroduction ....................................................................................................................... 16 1. 1 Economic performance and environmental challenges ....................................... 16 1.2. Rationale ................................................................................................................... 17 1.3. Objectives ................................................................................................................. 18 1.4. Key Issues ................................................................................................................. 19 1.5, Methodology and Approach ..................................................................................... 20 1.6. Structure ofthe Rep0rt .............................................................................................. 22 I1. Cost of Environmental Degradation................................................................................ 23 I11. Environmental Health Losses in Tajikistan ................................................................... 29 3.1. Urban Air Pollution .................................................................................................. 29 3.2 Lead ........................................................................................................................... 32 3.3. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene ................................................................................ 35 3.4. Indoor Air Pollution.................................................................................................. 40 3.5. Other Important Aspects OfEnvironmental Pollution In Tajikistan ........................ 43 IV. Natural Resources Damages in Tajikistan..................................................................... 48 4.1. Costs to Crop Production .......................................................................................... 48 4.2. Cost ofRangeland Degradation................................................................................ 53 Source: Abdusaliamov E. et al., 2000 .................................................................................. 54 4.3. Deforestation............................................................................................................. 55 4.4. Natural Disasters ....................................................................................................... 60 V . Climate Change and Hydro Power Potential .................................................................. 64 VI. Policies and Institutions for Environmental Management ............................................ 69 6.1. Assessmentheview ofthe policies and programs for environmental protection and natural resource use ......................................................................................................... 69 6.2 Constitutional provisions and laws regarding environment ...................................... 72 6.3 Environmental Policy Instruments............................................................................. 73 VI1. Environmental Governance .......................................................................................... 76 7.1. Institutional design: vertical and horizontal coordination ........................................ 76 7.2 Environmental Governance ...................................................................................... 76 7.3 Licensing and Permitting .......................................................................................... 78 7.4 Compliance and enforcement mechanisms ................................................................ 79 7.5 Economic incentives for pollution reduction ............................................................ 83 7.6 Funding for environmental protection ..................................................................... 84 7.7 Privatization and environmental governance ........................................................... 85 7.8 Opportunities for improvement in environmental governance .................................. 87 VI11. Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................... 89 References ............................................................................................................................ 95 Annex 1. Law on Nature Protection ................................................................................. 102 Annex 2 . List Of Environment Related Legislations and Authorities In-charge of Issuing Permits, Approvals, Inspection and Law Enforcement. .................................... 104 Annex 3 . Methodology for Health Cost Estimation .......................................................... 117 Annex 4 . Institutional design of environmental management system in Tajikistan ........ -139 3 List of tables 1.1 Summary of Development Indicators in Central Asia 2.1 Prioritization of environmental problems by population in Tajikistan 2.2 Annual cost of environmental damage - low and high estimates (Million TJS) 3.1.1 Estimated health impact of urban air pollution 3.1.2 Estimated annual cost of health impacts (Million TJS) 3.2.1 Gasoline specifications in Tajikistan and EU, maximum limits 3.2.2 Estimated annual IQ losses and cases of MMR from lead exposure 3.2.3 Annual cost off health impacts ofexposure to lead pollution 3.2.4 Estimated loss of life-time earnings due to IQ losses 3.3.1 Estimated annual health effects from water, sanitation, hygiene 3.3.2 Estimated DALYs from diarrheal mortality and morbidity 3.3.3 Estimated annual cost of diarrheal illness (Million TJS) 3.3.4 Annual cases ofwaterborne infectious diseases 3.3.5 Estimated annual cost of Hepatitis A and TyphoidParatyphoid 3.3.6 Estimated annual household averting expenditures 3.4.1 Health risks of indoor air pollution 3.4.2 Estimated annual health effects of indoor air pollution 3.4.3 Estimated annual cost of indoor air pollution in Tajikistan 3.5.1.1 Tajik Aluminum Plant: Estimated Emissions (1999-2002) 3.5.2.1 Wastes Generated in Main Industrial Installations, 1999 4.1.1.1 Land use in Tajikistan (2002-2005) 4.1.1.2 Salinity levels of irrigated lands 4.1.1.3 Crop salinity tolerance and yield effects 4.1.1.4 Assumed cropping patterns on irrigated lands 4.1.1.5 Observed and estimated yields 4.1.1.6 Estimated annual cost of crop losses from soil salinity 4.1.2.1 Eroded lands in Tajikistan (in %) 4.1.2.2 Fertilizers for humus wash off substitution 4.1 -2.3 Estimated annual cost of crop losses 4.2.1 Area, yield and degree of desertification of rangelands in Tajikistan 4.2.2 Total livestock numbers and estimated annual feed requirement 4.2.3 Annual cost ofrangelands degradation in Tajikistan 4.3.1 Costs of annual deforestation 4.4.1 Natural disasters and impacts in Tajikistan, 2001-2006 4.4.2 Estimated annual cost of natural disasters 4.4.3 Unit costs applied to frequently occurring disasters 5.1 Potential Hydropower resources in Tajikistan List of figures 2.1 Annual Cost ofEnvironmental Damage 2.2 Annual Cost of Environmental Damage as %age of GDP) 2.3 Relative share of Damage Cost by Environmental Category 2.4 Estimated Cost ofEnvironmental Health Effects per Person Exposed 2.5 The Burden ofMortality Related To Environmental Causes 2.6 Cost of Environmental Degradation (Health and Natural Resources Damages) 2.7 Health Cost ofEnvironmental Damage 4 3.1.1 Annual Costs ofUrban Air Pollution (Million TJS) 3.2.1 Dynamics of Estimated Air Pollution from Stationary and Mobile Sources (2000- 2005) 3.3.1 Annual Costs of Inadequate Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (Million TJS) 3.4.1 Annual Costs of Indoor Air Pollution (Million TJS) 4.4.1 Number ofNatural Disasters and Fatalities in Tajikistan (200 1-2006) 4.4.2 Impacts ofNatural Disasters in Tajikistan (2001 -2006) 5.1 Expected Changes in Annual River Flow (%) and the impact of climate change by 2050-s (HadCM2) 5.2 The Dynamics of Malaria and Temperature in Tajikistan List of boxes 3.3.1 Boiling of Drinking Water in Tajikistan 3.5.1.1 Fluoride pollution in Tursunzade region 4.1.2.1 Dams in Tajikistan 4.3.1 Dashtijum Biodiversity Conservation Project (DBCP) 4.3.2 Carbon Storage Value 4.4.1 Anthropogenic Reasons of Natural Disasters in Tajikistan 5.1 Shrinking Glaciers in Tajikistan 5 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by a team led by Muthukumara Mani (ENV). The core consultant team included Elena Strukova, Nodira Karimova, Malika Babadjanova, Viju Ipe and T.V. Sampath. The study was carried out under the Development Policy Lending (DPL) Program ofTajikistan which is task managed by Sudharshan Canagarajah. The study was also ably supported by Mehrnaz Teymourian and Cevdet Denizer. The work was carried out under the general direction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • From the Ground up Case Studies in Community Empowerment
    REBUILDING BROKEN LIVES After gaining Independence in 1991, Tajikistan endured economic collapse, civil war, and widespread hunger. To help rural people back on their feet, ADB financed a pilot microcredit-based livelihood project for women and farmers. Implemented through two international NGOs, the Aga Khan Foundation and CARE International, the experiment encountered many challenges, but produced several positive outcomes The women’s group composes a peaceful scene, without a hint of the tumultuous circumstances that spawned it. In a drab building in Vahdat district in western Tajikistan, a dozen women, mostly young, are bent over a long table, their fingers busy with embroidery. Along a wall behind them, older women are stitching a floral- patterned kurpacha, the thick, multipurpose Tajik quilt. Some of the girls are teenagers, who are only dimly aware of the horrors that followed Tajikistan’s unsought independence in 1991. But Zebo Oimatova, 52, a benevolent figure in traditional kurta (robe) and headscarf who is watching over the room like a mother hen, remembers it all—economic ruin, villages torn apart by civil war, the hardscrabble existence and, finally, a chance to rebuild shattered lives. In 2002, Ms. Oimatova, a warm-hearted woman of simple sincerity, was elected chairperson of a women’s federation, a community-based organization created under a pilot Asian Development Bank (ADB)-financed project to provide microcredit for women to start small businesses and farmers to improve crops. Despite being overawed—“I thought I could not manage the job because I am only average and not so well educated,” she confesses—Ms. Oimatova has seen her group grow from a handful to over 2,500 members and, importantly, become self-sufficient.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementa on of Basin Management Principle
    Implementaon of basin management principle in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia European Union Water Iniave Naonal Policy Dialogues progress report 2016 May 2016 Implementaon of basin management principle in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia ii Copyright © 2016 United Naons Economic Commission for Europe and Organizaon for Economic Cooperaon and Development The designaons employed and the presentaon of the material in this publicaon do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Naons Economic Commission for Europe and Organizaon for Economic Cooperaon and Development concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the delimitaon of its froners or boundaries. This publicaon has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. CONTACT INFORMATION Convenon on the Protecon and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and Internaonal Lakes United Naons Economic Commission for Europe Organizaon for Economic Co-operaon and Development Palais des Naons 2 rue André-Pascal CH - 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland 75775 Paris, Cedex 16, France Tel.: + 41 22 917 1193 Tel.: + 33 1 4524 9294 Fax: + 41 22 917 0107 Fax: + 33 1 4430 6183 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unece.org/env/water/npd Website: www.oecd.org/env/outreach/npd-water-eecca.htm Implementaon of basin management principle in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia iii CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS ...................................................... iv FOREWORD .................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Simulation of the Potential Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Streamflow in the Vakhsh River Basin in Central Asia Under CMIP5 RCP Scenarios
    water Article Simulation of the Potential Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Streamflow in the Vakhsh River Basin in Central Asia under CMIP5 RCP Scenarios Aminjon Gulakhmadov 1,2,3,4 , Xi Chen 1,2,*, Nekruz Gulahmadov 1,3,5, Tie Liu 1 , Muhammad Naveed Anjum 6 and Muhammad Rizwan 5,7 1 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (N.G.); [email protected] (T.L.) 2 Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China 3 Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734042, Tajikistan 4 Ministry of Energy and Water Resources of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734064, Tajikistan 5 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; [email protected] 6 Department of Land and Water Conservation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; [email protected] 7 Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-136-0992-3012 Received: 1 April 2020; Accepted: 15 May 2020; Published: 17 May 2020 Abstract: Millions of people in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan are dependent on the freshwater supply of the Vakhsh River system. Sustainable management of the water resources of the Vakhsh River Basin (VRB) requires comprehensive assessment regarding future climate change and its implications for streamflow.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Chicago Old Elites Under Communism: Soviet Rule in Leninobod a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Di
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO OLD ELITES UNDER COMMUNISM: SOVIET RULE IN LENINOBOD A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY FLORA J. ROBERTS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ vi A Note on Transliteration .................................................................................................. ix Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One. Noble Allies of the Revolution: Classroom to Battleground (1916-1922) . 43 Chapter Two. Class Warfare: the Old Boi Network Challenged (1925-1930) ............... 105 Chapter Three. The Culture of Cotton Farms (1930s-1960s) ......................................... 170 Chapter Four. Purging the Elite: Politics and Lineage (1933-38) .................................. 224 Chapter Five. City on Paper: Writing Tajik in Stalinobod (1930-38) ............................ 282 Chapter Six. Islam and the Asilzodagon: Wartime and Postwar Leninobod .................. 352 Chapter Seven. The
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Research Division Country Profile: Tajikistan, January 2007
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Tajikistan, January 2007 COUNTRY PROFILE: TAJIKISTAN January 2007 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Tajikistan (Jumhurii Tojikiston). Short Form: Tajikistan. Term for Citizen(s): Tajikistani(s). Capital: Dushanbe. Other Major Cities: Istravshan, Khujand, Kulob, and Qurghonteppa. Independence: The official date of independence is September 9, 1991, the date on which Tajikistan withdrew from the Soviet Union. Public Holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1), International Women’s Day (March 8), Navruz (Persian New Year, March 20, 21, or 22), International Labor Day (May 1), Victory Day (May 9), Independence Day (September 9), Constitution Day (November 6), and National Reconciliation Day (November 9). Flag: The flag features three horizontal stripes: a wide middle white stripe with narrower red (top) and green stripes. Centered in the white stripe is a golden crown topped by seven gold, five-pointed stars. The red is taken from the flag of the Soviet Union; the green represents agriculture and the white, cotton. The crown and stars represent the Click to Enlarge Image country’s sovereignty and the friendship of nationalities. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early History: Iranian peoples such as the Soghdians and the Bactrians are the ethnic forbears of the modern Tajiks. They have inhabited parts of Central Asia for at least 2,500 years, assimilating with Turkic and Mongol groups. Between the sixth and fourth centuries B.C., present-day Tajikistan was part of the Persian Achaemenian Empire, which was conquered by Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C. After that conquest, Tajikistan was part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state to Alexander’s empire.
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Energy and Industry
    The Republic of Tajikistan Ministry of Energy and Industry DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON THE INSTALLMENT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER STATIONS FOR THE COMMUNITIES OF KHATLON OBLAST IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FINAL REPORT September 2012 Japan International Cooperation Agency NEWJEC Inc. E C C CR (1) 12-005 Final Report Contents, List of Figures, Abbreviations Data Collection Survey on the Installment of Small Hydropower Stations for the Communities of Khatlon Oblast in the Republic of Tajikistan FINAL REPORT Table of Contents Summary Chapter 1 Preface 1.1 Objectives and Scope of the Study .................................................................................. 1 - 1 1.2 Arrangement of Small Hydropower Potential Sites ......................................................... 1 - 2 1.3 Flowchart of the Study Implementation ........................................................................... 1 - 7 Chapter 2 Overview of Energy Situation in Tajikistan 2.1 Economic Activities and Electricity ................................................................................ 2 - 1 2.1.1 Social and Economic situation in Tajikistan ....................................................... 2 - 1 2.1.2 Energy and Electricity ......................................................................................... 2 - 2 2.1.3 Current Situation and Planning for Power Development .................................... 2 - 9 2.2 Natural Condition ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Features of Fedchenko Glacier, the Pamirs, Central Asia from Space
    地理学論集 Geographical Studies №84（2009) №84（2009) Mapping Features of Fedchenko Glacier, the Pamirs, Central Asia from Space 宇宙から見た中央アジア，パミールのフェドチェンコ氷河の特徴 Shuji IWATA＊ 岩田 修二* Key words：glacier basin form, compound basins valley glacier, glacier front fluctuation, surge, basin piracies キーワード：氷河流域形態，複合流域谷氷河，末端変動，サージ，流域争奪 要旨 さまざまなインターネット情報，とくにGoogle Earthの立体画像やGoogle Mapの等高線地図によってフェドチェンコ氷 河の地形特徴を明らかにできるようになった。これらの情報と1970年代のソビエト陸軍の地図（1:100,000）を用いると， ロシア語圏以外の人々にはあまり知られていないフェドチェンコ氷河の氷河地形学的側面が理解できる。フェドチェンコ 氷河はパミールの北西部の山岳地にある長さ77 ㎞の巨大な谷氷河で，偏西風によって大西洋からの湿気によっておもに冬 に涵養される。フェドチェンコ氷河は革命峰（6,940 m）の西側斜面の海抜5,400 mから始まり北に流れ高度 2,900 mの末 端で終わる。氷河下流区間（末端から30 ㎞まで）は表面岩屑に覆われた細長い氷舌で，中流区間（30 ㎞地点，高度4,050 mから45 ㎞地点，高度4,500 mまで）は南東から北西に流下し多くの支氷河を合わせる。中間地点の最上部の右岸には， 氷河本流が東側にあふれ出し小規模な氷舌（タヌィマス末端）を形成している。上流区間（45 ㎞から流域上端まで）は， 非対称形である。右岸側には革命峰を含む6,000 m級の山塊になっているが左岸側には顕著な高まりがなく，氷河に覆わ れた緩やかな分水界を経て，南西側の谷氷河へと通じている。氷河の上流区間を含む流域は小規模な氷原，または横断 型氷河系を形成しているが全体としてみると，フェドチェンコ氷河は谷氷河である。氷河下流区間で本流に接しているビ バーク氷河（パミール最高峰イスモイル=ソモニ，7,495 mがある）では，繰り返し氷河サージが起こっている。人工衛星 画像の比較によれば，1990年代以後のフェドチェンコ氷河の末端の縮小はおこっていない。氷河変動の状況はカラコラム 山脈の大型氷河とよく似ている。フドチェンコ氷河がこのような大きな氷河にまで発達したのは氷河侵食による流域の争 奪が起こったからと考えられる。 Ⅰ．Introduction The Pamirs in eastern Tajikistan are called the roof of the world. Those rooftops are capped with numerous glaciers. Fedchenko Glacier is the greatest of them in the Pamir, and is called by various superlative expressions such as “the world’s largest” (Table 1). Although Fedchenko Glacier is extremely well known, its actual features are not known except in Russia because most literature
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Hydro–Climatic Trends in the Mountainous Kofarnihon River Basin in Central Asia
    water Article Long-Term Hydro–Climatic Trends in the Mountainous Kofarnihon River Basin in Central Asia Aminjon Gulakhmadov 1,2,3,4 , Xi Chen 1,2,*, Nekruz Gulahmadov 2,4,5 , Tie Liu 2 , Rashid Davlyatov 4,6, Safarkhon Sharofiddinov 4,6 and Manuchekhr Gulakhmadov 1,5,6 1 Research Center of Ecology and Environment in Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (M.G.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; [email protected] (N.G.); [email protected] (T.L.) 3 Ministry of Energy and Water Resources of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734064, Tajikistan 4 Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734042, Tajikistan; [email protected] (R.D.); [email protected] (S.S.) 5 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 6 Committee for Environmental Protection under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734034, Tajikistan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-991-782-3131 Received: 11 June 2020; Accepted: 25 July 2020; Published: 29 July 2020 Abstract: Hydro–climatic variables play an essential role in assessing the long-term changes in streamflow in the snow-fed and glacier-fed rivers that are extremely vulnerable to climatic variations in the alpine mountainous regions. The trend and magnitudinal changes of hydro–climatic variables, such as temperature, precipitation, and streamflow, were determined by applying the non-parametric Mann–Kendall, modified Mann–Kendall, and Sen’s slope tests in the Kofarnihon River Basin in Central Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Project Phase 2 Republic of Tajikistan
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized Nurek Hydropower Rehabilitation Project Phase 2 Republic of Tajikistan May 2020 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Nurek HPP Rehabilitation Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of the ESIA ............................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Organization of the ESIA ....................................................................................................... 3 2 Project description .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Description of Nurek HPP ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2 The Project ............................................................................................................................ 7 Dam Safety ............................................................................................................... 9 Details of work to be performed ............................................................................. 9 Refurbishment
    [Show full text]
  • CBD Strategy and Action Plan
    Biological Diversity of Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan The Legend: 1 - Acipenser nudiventris Lovet 2 - Salmo trutta morfa fario Linne ya 3 - A.a.a. (Linne) ar rd Sy 4 - Ctenopharyngodon idella Kayrakkum reservoir 5 - Hypophthalmichtus molitrix (Valenea) Khujand 6 - Silurus glanis Linne 7 - Cyprinus carpio Linne a r a 8 - Lucioperca lucioperea Linne f s Dagano-Say I 9 - Abramis brama (Linne) reservoir UZBEKISTAN 10 -Carassus auratus gibilio Katasay reservoir economical pond distribution location KYRGYZSTAN cities Zeravshan lakes and water reservoirs Yagnob rivers Muksu ob Iskanderkul Lake Surkh o CHINA b r Karakul Lake o S b gou o in h l z ik r b e a O b V y u k Dushanbe o ir K Rangul Lake o rv Shorkul Lake e P ch z a n e n a r j V ek em Nur gul Murg u az ab s Y h k a Y u ng Sarez Lake s l ta i r a u iz s B ir K Kulyab o T Kurgan-Tube n a g i n r Gunt i Yashilkul Lake f h a s K h Khorog k a Zorkul Lake V Turumtaikul Lake ra P a an d j kh Sha A AFGHANISTAN m u da rya nj a P Fig. 1.16. 0 50 100 150 Km Table 1.12. Game fish distribution Water sources Species Rivers Lakes Reservoirs Springs Ponds Dushanbe loach (Nemachilus pardalis) + Amudarya loach (Nemachilus oxianus) + Gray loach (Nemachilus dorsalis) + Aral spined loach (Cobitis aurata aralensis) + + + Sheatfish (Sclurus glanis) + + + Bullhead (Ictalurus punctata) А + + Turkestan bullhead (Glyptosternum reticulatum) + Pike (Esox lucius) + + + + Turkestan bullhead (Cottus spinolosus) + + + Mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) А + + + + + Zander (Lucioperca lucioperea) А + + + Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon della) А + + + + + Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) А + Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthus molitrix) А + + + + Motley carp (Aristichthus nobilis) А + + + + Big-mouthed buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus) А + Small-mouthed buffalo (I.bufalus) А + Black buffalo (I.niger) А + Mirror carp (Cyprinus sp.) А + + Scaly carp (Cyprinus sp.) А + + Pseudorasbora parva А + + + Amur goby (Neogobius amurensis sp.) А + + + Snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus warpachowski) А + + + Hemiculter sp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Effects of Land Reform in Tajikistan
    FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia Policy Studies on Rural Transition No. 2008-1 The Economic Effects of Land Reform in Tajikistan Zvi Lerman and David Sedik October 2008 The Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia of the Food and Agriculture Organization distributes this policy study to disseminate findings of work in progress and to encourage the exchange of ideas within FAO and all others interested in development issues. This paper carries the name of the authors and should be used and cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations and conclusions are the authors’ own and should not be attributed to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, its management, or any member countries. Zvi Lerman is Sir Henry d’Avigdor Goldsmid Professor of Agricultural Economics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel David Sedik is the Senior Agricultural Policy Officer in the FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia. Contents Executive summary . 1 1. Introduction: purpose of the study. 5 2. Agriculture in Tajikistan. 7 2.1. Geography of agriculture in Tajikistan. 8 Agro-climatic zones of Tajikistan. 10 Regional structure of agriculture. 13 2.2. Agricultural transition in Tajikistan: changes in output and inputs. 15 Agricultural land. 16 Agricultural labor. 17 Livestock. 17 Farm machinery. 19 Fertilizer use. 19 3. Land reform legislation and changes in land tenure in Tajikistan. 21 3.1. Legal framework for land reform and farm reorganization. 21 3.2. Changes in farm structure and land tenure since independence. 24 4. The economic effects of land reform . 27 4.1. Recovery of agricultural production in Tajikistan.
    [Show full text]
  • CBD First National Report
    REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FIRST NATIONAL REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Dushanbe – 2003 1 REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FIRST NATIONAL REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Dushanbe – 2003 3 ББК 28+28.0+45.2+41.2+40.0 Н-35 УДК 502:338:502.171(575.3) NBBC GEF First National Report on Biodiversity Conservation was elaborated by National Biodiversity and Biosafety Center (NBBC) under the guidance of CBD National Focal Point Dr. N.Safarov within the project “Tajikistan Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan”, with financial support of Global Environmental Facility (GEF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Copyright 2003 All rights reserved 4 Author: Dr. Neimatullo Safarov, CBD National Focal Point, Head of National Biodiversity and Biosafety Center With participation of: Dr. of Agricultural Science, Scientific Productive Enterprise «Bogparvar» of Tajik Akhmedov T. Academy of Agricultural Science Ashurov A. Dr. of Biology, Institute of Botany Academy of Science Asrorov I. Dr. of Economy, professor, Institute of Economy Academy of Science Bardashev I. Dr. of Geology, Institute of Geology Academy of Science Boboradjabov B. Dr. of Biology, Tajik State Pedagogical University Dustov S. Dr. of Biology, State Ecological Inspectorate of the Ministry for Nature Protection Dr. of Biology, professor, Institute of Plants Physiology and Genetics Academy Ergashev А. of Science Dr. of Biology, corresponding member of Academy of Science, professor, Institute Gafurov A. of Zoology and Parasitology Academy of Science Gulmakhmadov D. State Land Use Committee of the Republic of Tajikistan Dr. of Biology, Tajik Research Institute of Cattle-Breeding of the Tajik Academy Irgashev T. of Agricultural Science Ismailov M. Dr. of Biology, corresponding member of Academy of Science, professor Khairullaev R.
    [Show full text]