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Priscillian of Avila: Heretic Or Early Reformer? by Brian Wagner
Priscillian of Avila: Heretic or Early Reformer? by Brian Wagner Introduction The Lord Jesus Christ said, “For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned” (Matthew 12:37).1 Though He was speaking of the last judgment, the principle of letting someone be judged, even in this life, by his own testimony is a sound one. The Bible also speaks of establishing one’s testimony in the mouth of two or three witnesses (1 Timothy 5:19), which is to be a safeguard against a false witness damaging someone’s reputation. History is a study of testimony. The primary source material written by an individual is often the best evidence by which to judge what that person believed and taught. Other contemporaries to that individual could also be used to evaluate whether he was presenting a consistent and coherent message at all times and whether his actions matched his words. As with all historical judgment of this kind, the testimony by friends or foes must be weighed with at least some suspicion of bias. Priscillian of Avila, from the fourth century, has been designated by most of history as a Christian heretic. This conclusion, made by many of his contemporary foes, led to his beheading by the civil authorities. After his death in A.D. 365, his writings were searched out for destruction, along with anyone promoting his teaching. Copies of some of his writings still survive. Very early ones, judged as possibly made within just a century of Priscillian’s martyrdom, were recovered at the University of Würzburg by Georg Schepss in 1885. -
Martin of Tours
Martin of Tours This article is about the French saint. For the Caribbean minority faith. island, see Saint Martin. For other uses, see Saint Martin As the son of a veteran officer, Martin at fifteen was re- (disambiguation). quired to join a cavalry ala. Around 334, he was sta- tioned at Ambianensium civitas or Samarobriva in Gaul Martin of Tours (Latin: Sanctus Martinus Turonensis; (now Amiens, France).[2] It is likely that he joined the 316 – 8 November 397) was Bishop of Tours, whose Equites catafractarii Ambianenses, a heavy cavalry unit shrine in France became a famous stopping-point for listed in the Notitia Dignitatum. His unit was mostly cer- pilgrims on the road to Santiago de Compostela in Spain. emonial and did not face much combat.[3] Around his name much legendary material accrued, and he has become one of the most familiar and recognis- able Christian saints. As he was born in what is now Szombathely, Hungary, spent much of his childhood in Pavia, Italy, and lived most of his adult life in France, he is considered a spiritual bridge across Europe.[1] His life was recorded by a contemporary, the hagiographer Sulpicius Severus. Some of the ac- counts of his travels may have been interpolated into his vita to validate early sites of his cult. He is best known for the account of his using his military sword to cut his cloak in two, to give half to a beggar clad only in rags in the depth of winter. Conscripted as a soldier into the Roman army, he found the duty incompatible with the Christian faith he had adopted and became an early conscientious objector. -
Vigiliae Christianae
Vigiliae Christianae The Origin of Zealous Intolerance: Paulus Orosius and Violent Religious Conflict in the Early Fifth Century --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: Full Title: The Origin of Zealous Intolerance: Paulus Orosius and Violent Religious Conflict in the Early Fifth Century Short Title: Article Type: Full Length Article Corresponding Author: Victoria Leonard, PhD Cardiff University Cardiff, UNITED KINGDOM First Author: Victoria Leonard, PhD Order of Authors: Victoria Leonard, PhD Abstract: This article explores the origins of religious intolerance in two episodes from the early fifth century AD: the forcible conversion of 540 Jews in Minorca by Bishop Severus, and the failed attempt by the monk Fronto to uncover heterodox belief in Tarragona, north-east Hispania. This article argues that, with the newly-discovered relics of St Stephen, Paulus Orosius brought a peculiarly vehement and absolute intolerance of non-orthodox Christianity to Minorca. Intolerance was facilitated and communicated through a trans-Mediterranean network of Christians connected through letter-writing and the exchange of visitors, of which Orosius was a particularly mobile and dynamic participant. In contrast to previous criticism, this article identifies Orosius as a point of intersection within the controversies, and, in the dissemination of his ideology of intolerance, as a catalyst for conflict. Keywords: Orosius; Jews; letters; St Stephen; heterodoxy; Severus of Minorca; networks; Consentius Funding Information: Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation Title Page The Origin of Zealous Intolerance: Paulus Orosius and Violent Religious Conflict in the Early Fifth Century Victoria Leonard Cardiff University [email protected] Abstract This article explores the origins of religious intolerance in two episodes from the early fifth century AD: the forcible conversion of 540 Jews in Minorca by Bishop Severus, and the failed attempt by the monk Fronto to uncover heterodox belief in Tarragona, north-east Hispania. -
Abbots Between Community and Empire. the Cases of Martin of Tours and Benedict of Aniane Rutger Kramer, Veronika Wieser
You Only Die Twice? Abbots between Community and Empire. The Cases of Martin of Tours and Benedict of Aniane Rutger Kramer, Veronika Wieser UDC: 929:27-36(37)"05/09" R. Kramer 27-788(37) V. Wieser Original scientific paper Institut für Mittelalterforschung, ÖAW Manuscript received: 01. 03. 2017. Hollandstrasse 11-13, A-1020 Wien, Austria Revised manuscript accepted: 04. 03. 2017. [email protected] DOI: 10.1484/J.HAM.5.113745 [email protected] is article1 compares the deaths of two abbots as told by contemporary observers, and shows how the relationship between these saints and their ascetic communities on the one hand and secular imperial authorities on the other hand would be consolidated in the way people were shown to react to their demise. First, the life and death Saint Martin of Tours (c. 316-397) are analysed through the Vita Martini and the letters by Sulpicius Severus. Against the backdrop of a strenuous relation between Roman imperial interests and a burgeoning Christendom, the author uses Martin’s post-mortem reputation to appropriate the authority of his erstwhile rival, the emperor Maximus. In doing so, an attempt is made to resolve the conundrum of how to be Christian under Roman authority. en, two dierent descriptions of the death of Benedict of Aniane (c. 750-821) are presented, one by his hagiographer Ardo, the other a supposed eye-witness account by the monks of Inda. By contrasting these two accounts, it will be shown how dierent observers dealt with the tensions between personal salvation, imperial reform eorts and monastic idealism that emerged when secular and religious authority converged in the Carolingian era. -
Opportunities in Scots Independence Movement • Breton Cultural Forces Tarred • Cilmeri Rally Reclaimed • Call for Nati
No. 125 Spring 2004 €3.00 Stg£2.50 • Opportunities in Scots Independence Movement • Breton Cultural Forces Tarred • Cilmeri Rally Reclaimed • Call for National Plan for Irish • Environmental Rights Campaign in Cornwall • Manx in Court • Un Tele Breizhat evit an Holl ALBA: C O M A N N CEILTEACH • BREIZH: KEVRE KELTIEK • CYMRU: UNDEB CELTAIDD • EIRE: CONRADH CEILTEACH • KERNOW: KESUNYANS KELTEK • MANN1N: COMMEEYS CELTIAGH 62 r Fuadach nan Gaidheal Gura mise titrsach. A ' caoidh cor na ditthcha, A lbo <3 Bha cliuiteach is treun; Rinn uachdrain am fuadach IL _l Gu fada null thar chuuntan. Am fearann chaidh thoirt uapa 'S thoirt suas do na feidli. AR BÀRDACHD "...agus eaoraich cuideachd!" arsa sinne. amt an ceithir duanairean Tha na tri leabhraichean seo ri lhaotainn bho GÀIR NAN CLÀRSACH...tliagh Culm Ó An targainteachd dhùainn - - Birlinn Ltd. West Newington House. 10 Baoill sco agus dh'eadar-theangaich Meg Bras meanmnach Fir Alba Newington Road. Dim Eideann EH9 IQS. no Bateman e. Tlia dà fhichead is tri dàin Le' n armaibh air thùs an leabhar-reiceadair agaibh. Gàidhlig ami eadar na bliadlinachan I 600 gu Nuair a dh'eires gach treunlaoch 1648. Cha d'rinn neach an aon rud riamh. Le-n èideadh glan ùr. AN TU IL... dheasaich Raghnall Mac ille Dliuibh an leahhar seo agus dh’ fhoillsich Sco agaiblt linn gaisgeil nuair a bha an ceann ... Gur rrtairg nàmhaid a tharladh Polygon. 22 George Square. Diin Eideann e. einnidh ann an talla aige: far an robh na ledis Ri ànriainn ino rùin; Seo agaibh Duanaire Gtiidhlig an 20mh no torches a" nochdadh an Inchdleannihainn Ceud. -
The Monastic Rules of Visigothic Iberia: a Study of Their Text and Language
THE MONASTIC RULES OF VISIGOTHIC IBERIA: A STUDY OF THEIR TEXT AND LANGUAGE By NEIL ALLIES A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham July 2009 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This thesis is concerned with the monastic rules that were written in seventh century Iberia and the relationship that existed between them and their intended, contemporary, audience. It aims to investigate this relationship from three distinct, yet related, perspectives: physical, literary and philological. After establishing the historical and historiographical background of the texts, the thesis investigates firstly the presence of a monastic rule as a physical text and its role in a monastery and its relationship with issues of early medieval literacy. It then turns to look at the use of literary techniques and structures in the texts and their relationship with literary culture more generally at the time. Finally, the thesis turns to issues of the language that the monastic rules were written in and the relationship between the spoken and written registers not only of their authors, but also of their audiences. -
The Fathers of the Church ; V
THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH A NEW TRANSLATION VOLUME 99 THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH A NEW TRANSLATION EDITORIAL BOARD Thomas P. Halton The Catholic University of America Editorial Director Elizabeth Clark Robert D. Sider Duke University Dickinson College Joseph T. Lienhard, S.J. Michael Slusser Fordham University Duquesne University Frank A.C. Mantello Cynthia White The Catholic University of America The University of Arizona Kathleen McVey Robin Darling Young Princeton Theological Seminary The Catholic University of America David J. McGonagle Director The Catholic University of America Press FORMER EDITORIAL DIRECTORS Ludwig Schopp, Roy J. Deferrari, Bernard M. Peebles, Hermigild Dressler, O.F.M. Cornelia Horn Staff Editor IBERIAN FATHERS volume 3 PACIAN OF BARCELONA OROSIUS OF BRAGA Translated by CRAIG L. HANSON Muskingum College New Concord, Ohio THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA PRESS Washington, D.C. Copyright © 1999 THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA PRESS All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standards for Information Science— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48–1984. ∞ library of congress cataloging-in-publication data Iberian fathers : Pacian of Barcelona and Orosius of Braga : [writings] / translated by Craig L. Hanson. p. cm. — (The fathers of the church ; v. 99) Includes bibliographical references and Indexes. ISBN 0-8132- 0099-7 (alk. paper) 1. Theology—Early works to 1800. 2. Apologetics—Early -
Ossian and Arthur in the Making of a Celtic Galicia
Recibido: 15.5.2013 Aceptado: 4.6.2013 FROM PONDAL TO CABANILLAS: OSSIAN AND ARTHUR IN THE MAKING OF A CELTIC GALICIA Juan Miguel ZARANDONA Universidad de Valladolid The second part of the 19th century witnessed the upsurge of the other cul- tures, languages and literatures of Spain, mainly dormant since the late Middle Ages, when Spanish, or Castilian, became the new national language of a united Spain (1492). Among these, Galicia, the humid, green north–west corner of the Iberian Peninsula, led the way. The Romantic Movement taking place in this re- gion was given the name of Rexurdimento or ‘Resurgence’. But there is some- thing that makes Galicia different form other parts of Spain undergoing similar processes, such as Catalonia or the Basque Land. Galicia made its collective mind up to turn into a full Celtic nation. Paraules clau: Galicia, Celtic, Arthur, Ossian, Pondal, Cabanillas. De Pondal a Cabanillas: Ossian y Arturo en la construcción de una Ga- licia céltica La segunda parte del siglo XIX fue testigo del renacer de las otras culturas, len- guas y literaturas españolas, adormecidas desde el final de la Edad Media, cuando el español o castellano se convirtió en la nueva lengua nacional de una España unida (1492). En este contexto, Galicia, el verde y húmedo rincón del noroeste de la peninsula ibérica, se puso a la cabeza de este movimiento. El romanticismo de esta region adoptó el nombre de Rexurdimento o “Resurgir”. Pero hay algo que diferencia a Galicia de otras partes de España que experi- mentaron procesos similares, como es el caso de Cataluña y el País Vasco. -
The History of the Shroud
MARK GUSCIN: THE HISTORY OF THE SHROUD Part One – Before the Thirteenth Century It is often said that the Shroud has no documented history before the thirteenth century; while it is true that we are all aware of the immense difficulties of establishing the Shroud’s history, the statement as such is somewhat misleading. It is often understood as meaning that there are no references to the Shroud before this date, and this is simply not true. In fact, there are numerous references to the conservation of the burial shroud of Jesus of Nazareth from the very beginning of the Christian era – the problem comes when we try to equate the shroud mentioned in these documents with the cloth now kept in Turin. This is a very significant point: sceptics often say that there are no references to the Shroud – but there are. Hence in the title of this paper I have deliberately omitted the words “of Turin” after the word “Shroud”. Nevertheless, we are going to start this overview with an exception. There is one unmistakeable documentary reference to the Shroud of Turin from before the twelfth century. Well known to all Shroud scholars, its true significance is often overlooked. I am referring of course to Codex Pray, whose name is often misunderstood (at least in the English speaking world) as a reference to prayer. In fact, the name comes from the Jesuit György Pray, who discovered the manuscript in 1770. It is kept in the National Széchenyi library in Budapest, Hungary. It is the earliest known manuscript with a text in the Hungarian language, and so is an important national treasure. -
Pdf Shop 'Celtic Gold' in Peel
No. 129 Spring 2004/5 €3.00 Stg£2.50 • SNP Election Campaign • ‘Property Fever’ on Breizh • The Declarationof the Bro Gymraeg • Istor ar C ’herneveg • Irish Language News • Strategy for Cornish • Police Bug Scandal in Mann • EU Constitution - Vote No! ALBA: COM.ANN CEILTFACH * BREIZH: KFVTCF KELT1EK * CYMRU: UNDEB CELTA DD * EIRE: CON RAD H GEILTE AC H * KERNOW: KtBUNYANS KELTEK * MANNIN: COMlVbtYS CELTIAGH tre na Gàidhlig gus an robh e no I a’ dol don sgoil.. An sin bhiodh a’ huile teasgag tre na Gàidhlig air son gach pàiste ann an Alba- Mur eil sinn fhaighinn sin bidh am Alba Bile Gàidhlig gun fheum. Thuig Iain Trevisa gun robh e feumail sin a dhèanamh. Seo mar a sgrìohh e sa bhli adhna 1365, “...dh’atharraich Iain à Còm, maighstir gramair, ionnsachadh is tuigsinn gramair sna sgoiltean o’n Fhraingis gu TEACASG TRE NA GÀIDHLIG Beurla agus dh’ionnsaich Richard Pencrych an aon scòrsa theagaisg agus Abajr gun robh sinn toilichte cluinntinn Inbhirnis/Inverness B IVI 1DR... fon feadhainn eile à Pencrych; leis a sin, sa gun bidh faclan Gaidhlig ar na ceadan- 01463-225 469 e-mail [email protected] bhliadhna don Thjgheama Againn” 1385, siubhail no passports again nuair a thig ... tha cobhair is fiosrachadh ri fhaighinn a an naodhamh bliadhna do’n Righ Richard ceann na bliadhna seo no a dh’ aithgheor thaobh cluich sa Gàidhlig ro aois dol do an dèidh a’Cheannsachaidh anns a h-uile 2000. Direach mar a tha sinn a’ dol thairis sgoil, Bithidh an t-ughdar is ionadail no sgoil gràmair feadh Sasunn, tha na leana- air Caulas na Frainge le bata no le trean -
A Brief History of the Cornish Language, Its Revival and Its Current Status
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329525331 A Brief History of the Cornish Language, its Revival and its Current Status Article · December 2013 CITATIONS READS 6 277 1 author: Siarl Ferdinand University of Wales Trinity Saint David 10 PUBLICATIONS 10 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: The Cornish revitalisation project in Cornwall and the Basque revitalisation project in Trebiñuko Barrendegia: Establishing parallels and common strategies View project All content following this page was uploaded by Siarl Ferdinand on 10 December 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. A Brief History of the Cornish Language, its Revival and its Current Status Siarl Ferdinand, University of Wales Trinity Saint David Abstract Despite being dormant during the nineteenth century, the Cornish language has been recently recognised by the British Government as a living regional language after a long period of revival. The first part of this paper discusses the history of traditional Cornish and the reasons for its decline and dismissal. The second part offers an overview of the revival movement since its beginnings in 1904 and analyses the current situation of the language in all possible domains. Keywords Cornish, Kernewek, language shift, language revitalization, linguistic background, Celtic. Overview of Historical Background The Cornish language, unlike the Anglo-Cornish dialect, which is an English dialect spoken in Cornwall, is one of the three living members of the Brythonic family, the other two being Welsh and Breton. The appearance of Cornish as a distinct language dates to about 600 AD as a result of the evolution of the Brythonic language spoken in the south-western region of Great Britain. -
The Growth of Gothic Identity in Visigothic Spain: the Evidence of Textual Sources
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ScholarWorks @ UTRGV History Faculty Publications and Presentations College of Liberal Arts 2015 The Growth of Gothic Identity in Visigothic Spain: The Evidence of Textual Sources Erica Buchberger The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/hist_fac Part of the European Languages and Societies Commons, History Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Buchberger, Erica. 2015 “The Growth of Gothic Identity in Visigothic Spain: The Evidence of Textual Sources.” In Identidad y Etnicidad En Hispania. Propuestas Teóricas y Cultura Material En Los Siglos V- VIII, by Juan Antonio Quirós Castillo and Santiago Castellanos García, 1st ed., 87–100. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts at ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Growth of Gothic Identity in Visigothic Spain: The Evidence of Textual Sources Introduction In recent years, scholars have made significant progress in understanding the transition from a Roman world to a medieval world in Spain. New archaeological excavations have added to our knowledge of the early medieval landscape, and increasingly analytical discussions of the labels used to describe people and objects have brought new depth to both historical and archaeological studies. In place of black and white visions of Goth vs. Roman and continuity vs.