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Clustering of Multidimensional Objects in the Formation of Personalized Diets (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2019 Clustering of Multidimensional Objects in the Formation of Personalized Diets 1 Valentina N. Ivanova Marina A. Nikitina4 K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems and management (The First Cossack University) Moscow, Russian Federation Moscow, Russian Federation Yury I. Sidorenko5 2 Igor A. Nikitin Department “Technologies of production and organization Department “Technology of grain processing, bakery, pasta of catering and merchandising and confectionery industries” K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University) and management (The First Cossack University) Moscow, Russian Federation Moscow, Russian Federation Vladimir I. Karpov6 3 Natalia A. Zhuchenko Department “Information systems and technologies” Department “Medical Genetics” K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and management (The First Cossack University) (Sechenov University) Moscow, Russian Federation Moscow, Russian Federation Igor V. Zavalishin7 K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University) Moscow, Russian Federation prevent the negative influence of environmental factors on the Abstract—When developing personalized diets (personalized implementation of genetically determined disorders [1]. nutrition) it is necessary to take into account individual physiological nutritional needs of the body associated with the One of decisive factors determining the diet is the human presence of gene polymorphism among consumers. This greatly genome [2]. Today, a reliable statistical relationship has been complicates the development of rations and increases their cost. established between the presence of certain varieties (alleles) of A methodology for the formation of target diets based on the fixed genes in relation to susceptibility to more than 150 multidimensional objects clustering method has been proposed. hereditary diseases [3]. The process of occurrence of a disease Clustering in the experimental group was carried out on the basis may be associated with disruptions in the functioning of of a calculation of the integral assessment of reliable risks of individual organs and systems and be a consequence of a developing decease conditions according to selected metabolic violation of nutritional status, which does not take into account processes. And genetic data of participants was taken into account. The use of the proposed method allowed reducing the the peculiarities of the genetic influence on the nutrient needs needed number of typical solutions of individual diets for the of the body. Thus, food products and food rations, designed to experimental group from 10 to 3. meet the corrected needs for food nutrients that take into account genetic characteristics of a particular organism, Keywords—Multidimensional objects clustering method; automatically prevent the adverse functioning of problem integral assessment of reliable risks; nutritional needs of the body; organs and systems [4-6]. personalized nutrition The use of statistical methods for analyzing medical I. INTRODUCTION information is currently relevant. With the development of technology, the sphere of their use is expanding and includes Modern studies of the human genome have allowed the the methods of information processing called Data Mining. identification of many genes responsible for metabolic processes, whose polymorphism plays a significant role in the One of the main effective and widely used methods of Data occurrence of metabolic disorders and the development of Mining in relation to large amounts of information is a diseases. Identifying the alleles of such genes that are present clustering method. The point of the method is in searching in humans helps to determine the risk factors of particular signs of similarity between objects in a particular subject area health disorders and to develop optimal measures that will 45 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.org (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2019 and the subsequent merging of objects into subsets (clusters) processes and causing the risk of occurrence of certain diseases according to established signs of similarity. were selected as the most significant ones: biotransformation of xenobiotics, metabolism of vitamins, assessment of psycho- Data mining contains methods of detection, data collection, emotional status. as well as its intellectual analysis. Data Mining is a multidisciplinary field that emerged and develops on the basis Table 1 lists the controlled alleles of genes and of such sciences as applied statistics, pattern recognition, corresponding risks of hereditary multifactorial diseases for the artificial intelligence, database theory, etc. mentioned above metabolic processes. This study examined the effect of a limited list of gene Biotransformation of xenobiotics is a biochemical process panels on metabolic processes with the calculation of the during which substances transform under the action of various integral assessment of reliable risks for the development of enzymes of the body [9-17]. Its biological meaning is the disease conditions, and also proposed the application of the transformation of a chemical substance into a form suitable for multidimensional objects clustering method in order to form removal from the body. Four genes of the activation phase of diets for target groups of consumers. xenobiotics (CYP1A1*2B, *4, CYP2D6*3, *4, CYP2C9*2, *3 and CYP2C19*2) and four genes of the detoxification phase The task of clustering is due to the fact that in the case of (GSTT1, GSTM1, NAT2 and TPMT) were included in the mass (industrial) formation of rations, the problem of finding biotransformation panel under study. To assess the vitamin typical solutions arises. These solutions should be made for status of the organism, marker genes that indicate risks of target groups of consumers assigned to a particular cluster. It reducing the concentration of vitamins in the organism of the should be noted that clusters themselves are unknown in genome carrier (NBPF3 (ALPL), FUT2, BCMO1, APOA5) advance. Therefore, in order to accumulate information about were studied [18, 19]. To assess the psychoemotional status of clusters during scientific research, the clustering problem is participants in the experimental group, gene activities (DRD- solved and the method of their formation is worked out [7, 8]. 2A, SR (HTR2A)) responsible for the synthesis of serotonin II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY and dopamine enzymes were also identified [20, 21]. The group included people of European type (men and These gene panels are associated with a predisposition to a women), about the same age (28-35 years old), born and living number of most common diseases and are included in the list in several generations in the region of Central Russian upland. of genetic tests of most medico-genetic laboratories. The polymorphisms of genes involved in the main metabolic TABLE I. THE LIST OF RELIABLE RISKS OF PATHOLOGIES CORRESPONDING TO SELECTED METABOLIC PROCESSES Metabolic process The name of the Risk of pathology / disease encoded by a group of genes polymorphism gene carrier CYP1A1*2B,*4 Lung cancer, acute leukemia, general oncology, proton pump inhibiting CYP2D6*3,*4 Metabolism of psychotropic drugs, including drugs of a narcotic series - CYP2C9*2, *3 Metabolism of antidepressants, β-adrenoreceptor blockers activation Phase 1 1 Phase CYP2C19*2 Metabolism of some pharmaceuticals, including proton pump inhibitors Bowel Cancer. Encode the synthesis of the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase. GSTT1 Activate glutathione GSTM1 Bowel Cancer. Encode the synthesis of glutathione-S-transferase. Activate glutathione - Encodes the enzymes responsible for the catalysis of aromatic xenobiotics by acetylation. NAT2 Determines the rate of occurrence of a malignant neoplasm of the walls of the bladder and rectum Responsible for the synthesis of the enzyme thiopurine-S-methyltransferase, which is associated Phase 2 2 Phase Detoxification Biotransformation of xenobiotics of Biotransformation TPMT with the processes of detoxification of the body. NBPF3(ALPL) The risk of reducing the concentration of vitamin B6 FUT2 The risk of reducing the absorption of vitamin B12 Vitamin metabolism BCMO1 Risk of disorders in vitamin A synthesis from β-carotene APOA5 Risk of low levels of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) The formation of addiction to alcohol and narcotic substances due to a deficiency in the synthesis of DRD-2A serotonin and dopamine. Psycho-emotional status SR(HTR2A) Associated with increased risk of paranoid schizophrenia 46 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.org (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2019 Experiment participants were assigned reference numbers the experiment. This table is compiled in the form of a matrix. from 1 to 10. Testing was performed by analyzing saliva using The sum of points accumulated by each participant on the the micronucleus test of the buccal epithelium. As a result of studied gene alleles expressed an integral risk assessment for testing, data on the presence of polymorphisms in the each participant in the experimental group (ranging from 0 to homozygous safe (C
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