' .
356 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. NoVE~IBER 19,
war claim to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on War He also presented a petition of Reynolds Post, Department of Claims. Washington, Grand Army of the Republic, of Blaine, Wash., By Mr. PORTER: Resolution of Pennsylvania Shoe Manufac and a petition of J. B. Steedman Post, No. 24. Department of turers' Association, relative to a 35-foot channel for the Delaware Washington, Grand Army of the Republic, of Whatcom, Wash., River, port of Philadelphia-to the Committee on Rivers and praying for the enactment of a service-pension law; whb!l were Harbors. referred to the Committee on Pensions. Also, resolution of the board of directors of the Grain and Flour Mr. BURNHAM presented a petition of Local Union No. 43, E.xchange of Pittsburg, Pa., favoring enlargement of power of International Brotherhood of Paper Makers, of Ashland, N.H., Interstate Commerce Commission-to the Committee on Interstate and a petition of the Building Trades Oouncil of Manchester, and Foreign Commerce. N. H., praying for the passage of the so-called eight-hour bill; By Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota: Petition of F. G. Lorens and which were referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. other citizens of Center City, Minn., protesting against passage He also presented a petition of Local Union No. 43. Interna of parcels-post bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post tional Brotherhood of Paper Makers, of Ashland, N.H., and a Roads. petition of the Building Trades Council of Manchester, N.H., Also, petition of Typographical Union No. 432, of Stillwater, praying for the passage of the EO-called Hoar anti-injunction bill; · Minn., in favor of an eight-hour bill and anti-injunction bill-to which were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Committee on Labor. Mr. NELSON presented petitions of M. G. Evenson, of St. Also, petition of W. J. and A. Hedenthrom and other citizens Peter; of Scofield Post, No. 121, Department of Minnesota, Grand of Lindstrom, Minn .. protesting against passage of parcels-post Army of the Republic, of Zumbrota; of John A. Logan Regi bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. ment, No.2, Union Veterans Union, of St. Paul; of James Bry By Jtfr. WARNER: Petition of citizens of Monticello and Mans ant Post, No. 119, Department of Minnesota, Grand Army of the field, Platt County, TIL, praying for an antipolygamy amendment Republic, of Minneapolis; of Mitchell Post, No. 63, Department to the Constitution-to the Committee on the Judiciary. of Minnesota, Grand Army of the Republic. of Madelia, and of Aim, resolution of Charley Lee Post, No. 561, Grand Army of Frank P. Blair Post, No. 82, Department of Minne ~ota, Grand the Republic, Herrick, Department of lllinois, urging passage of Army of the Republic, of Ortonville, all in the St.ate of Minne a service-pension bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sota, praying for the enactment of a service-pension law; which were refened to the Committee on Pensions. . He also presented petitions of the Woman's..Christian Temper SENATE. ance Union and the congregation of the Western Avenue Metho dist Episcopal Church,of Minneapolis; of the Woman's Christian THURSDAY, November 19, 1903. Temperance Union of Lamberton: of the _Woman's Christian Prayer by Rev. F. J. PRETTYMAN, of the city of Washington. Temperance Union of Wabasso; of the congregation of the 1\fetho Mr. KNUTE NELSON, a Senator from the State of Minnesota, dist Episcopal Church of Wab:1sso; of the Woman's Christian appeared in his seat to-day. Temperance Union of Jtfinneapolis; of the congregation of the The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro Presbyterian Church of Euclid; of the EpwoTth .. League of Lam ceedings, when, on request of Mr. PENROSE, and by unanimous berton; of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Etna; consent, the further reading was dispensed with. of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union-of Clarkfield, and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Journal will stand ap- of the Woman's Club of N orthf:ield, all in the State of Minne ota, proved, if there be no objection. It is approved. · praying for an investigation of the charges made and filed against Hon. REED SMOOT, a Senator from the State of Utah; which were GRAZING IN FO~EST RESERVES. referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com Mr. PERKINS pre!:cnted a petition of the Chamber of Com munication from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a merce of Sacramento, Cal., praying for the establishment of an draft of a proposed bill to control grazing in forest reserves; which, additional judicial district in that State; which was referred to the with the accompanying paper, was referred to the Committee on Committee on ths Judiciary. Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game, and ordered to He also presented a petition of Local Division No. 192, Amal be printed. gamated Association of Street Railway Employees, of Oakland, PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. Cal., praying for the pas~age of the so-called eight-hour bill; 1\Ir. PENROSE presented a petition of Subordinate Union No.6, which was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. International Hod Carriers and Building Laborers Union, of He also presanted a petition of Local Division No. 192, Amal Sarre, Pa., and a petition of Local Union No. 8874, American gamated Association of Street Railway Employees, of Oakland, · Federation of Labor, of Shenandoah, Pa., praying for the passage Cal., praying for the pa sage of the so-called Hoar anti-injunctbn of the so~called eight-hour bill; which were referred to the Com bill; which was refened to the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on Education and Labor. He also presented a petition of the General George A. Custer He also presented a petition of Subordinate Union No.6 Inter Council, No. 22, Junior Order United American Mechanics, of Oak nationa1 Hod Carriers and Building Laborers' Union, of Sayre, land, Cal., praying for the enactment of legislation to re trict im Pri.., and a petition of Local UnionN?. 8374, American Federation migration; which was referred to the Uommittee on Immigration. of Labor, of Shenandoah, Pa., praymg for the passage of the so He also presented a petition of the W.oman' Chri tian Tem called Hoar anti-injunction bill; which were referred to the Com perance U nion3 of San Jose and Los Angeles, Cal., praying for an mittl3a on the Judiciary. investigation of the charges made and filed ag-ainsli Hon. REED He also presented a petition of Lincoln Post, No. 140, Depart S.YOOT, a Sanator from the State of Utah; which was referrej to ment of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of the Republic, of Shamokin, the Committee on Privileges and Elections. P3.., praying for the enactment of a service-pension law; which Mr. DRYDEN presented a memorial of the national executive was referred to the Committee on Pensions. committee of the National German-Americ.o'Ul Alliance, praying He also presented a petition of Welcome Council, No. 134, Junior for the enactment of legislation to regulate the interstate trans · Order of United American Mechanics, of Pittsburg, Pa.. praying portation of intoxicating liqu0rs; which w~s referred to th3 Com for the enaetment o'f legislation providing an educational test for mittee on Interstate Commerce. immigmntstothiscountry; which was referred to the Committee He also presented petitions of sundry citizeRS of Montclair; of on Immjgration. the congregation of the Calvary Presbyterian Church, of Camden; He also pret:ented a petition of the Pennsylvania Shoe Manu of the congregation of the Rosedale Baptist Church, of Camden; facturers' Association, of Philadelphia, Pa., and a petition of the of the congregation of the Jtiethodist Episcopa.l Church of Ocean Business and Professional Club of Philadelphia, Pa., praying that Grovo; of the Charity Organization Society of Bayonne; of tho an appropriation be made to provide a 35-foot channel in the congregation of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Bayonne; Delaware River from Philadelphia to the sea; which were re of Bayonne Council, No.119, Junior Order United American 1\fe ferred to the Committee on Commerce. chanics; of the congregation of Prospect Street Presbyterian Mr. FOSTER of Washington presented petitions of sundry citi Church, of Trenton, and of the congregation of the Bethany Baptist zens of Aublll.-n, of the congregation of the Christian Church of Church, of Camden all in the State of New Jersey, praying for Waitsburg, and of the Alloha Club, of Tacoma, all in the State of an investigation of the charges made and filed against Hon. REED Washington, praying for an investigation of thecharges_p1ado and SMOOT, a Senator from the State of Utah; which were referred to filed against Hon. REED SMOOT, a Senator from the State of Utah; the Cm;nmittea on Privileges and Elections. which were refen-ed to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. Mr. BEVERIDGE presented a petition of the Local Union He also presented a memorial of Local Union No. 325, Cigar No. 19, American Federation of Labor, of Forli Wayne, Ind., and Makers' International Union, of Spokane, Wash., remonstrating a petition of Local Union No. 10108, American Federation of against any reduction of the tariff on cigars, tobacco, etc., im Labor, of Stoneblu:ff, Ind., praying for the passage of the so-called ported from Cuba; which was referred to the Committee on Fi eight-hour bill; which were referred to the Committee on Educa nance. tion and Labor,
'· 1903. CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD-SENATE. 357
He also presented a petition of Local Union No. 19, American A bill (S. 1394) granting an increase of pension to Lewis M. Federation of Labor, of Fort Wayne, Ind., and a petition of Webster; Local.Union No. 10106, American Federation of babor, of Stone A bill (S. 1395) granting a pension to Mary Louisa McGilvary; bluff, Ind., praying for the passage of the so-called Hoar anti _A bill (S. 1396) granting an increase of pensiOn. to Emma Rob injunction bill; which were referred to the Committee on the bins; and Judiciary. A bill (S. 1397) granting a pension to Lucy M. Ferman. Mr. CULLOM. I present a letter addressed to me, in the Mr. ALGER introduced the following bills; which were sever natm·e of a petition, favoring the extension of patent numbered ally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on 339781. I move that the petition be referred to the Committee Military Affairs: on Patents. A bill (S. 1398) to correct the military record of Oliver C. Rouse; The motion was agreed to. A bill (S. 1399) to a:p1end section 1225 of Revised-Statutes, so as Mr. Mc CREARY presented a -petition of the congregation of to provide for detail of retired officers of the Army and Navy to the Baptist Church of Monticello, Ky., praying for an investiga assist in military instruction in schools; tion of the charges made and filed against Hon. REED SMOOT, a A bill (8. 1400) to remove the charge of desertion from the mil Senator from the State of Utah; which was referred to the Com itary record of John Esseltine; and mittee en Privileges and Elections. A bill (S. 1401) for the relief of George E. Rogers. Mr. SPOONER presented petitions of the congregation of the Mr. McCUMBER introduced a bill (S. 1402) granting an in Methodist Church of Horicon. of the congregation of the Evan crease of pension to William Paul; which was read twice by its gelical Church of Horicon, of the congregation of the Methodist title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. Epis:;cpal Church of Chippewa Falls, of the Woman's Christian Mr. PENROSEintroduceda bill (S.14.03) forthepromotionand Temperance Union of Chippewa Falls, and of the congregation of retirement of noncommissioned officers of the United States Ma the Methodist Episcopal Church of Sharon, all in the State of rine Corps; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Wisconsin praying for an investigation of the charges made and Committee on Naval Affairs. filed against B on. REED SMOOT, a Senator from the State of Utah; He also introduced a bill (S. 1404) to provide for site and public wb1c h were referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. building at Meadville, Pa.; which was read twice by its title, and 1\fr. QUARLES pre~ented a petition of the board of directors referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. of the Chamber of Commerce of Milwaukee, Wis., praying for He also introduced a bill (S. 1405) for the relief of David S. the enactment of legislation to encourage shipowning and ship Gordon; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the building in the United States by rebating a portion of the import Committee on Military Affairs. duties on merchandise carried by American vessels; which was He also introduced the following bills; which were severally read referred to the Committee on Finance. twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on Claims: He also presei'lted a petition of Local Union No. 657, Brother A bill (S.1406) for the relief of Mrs. Jane W. Ma.son; hood of Carpenters and Joiners, of Sheboygan, Wis., praying for A bill (S.1407) for the relief of John W. Gummo; and the passage of the so-called eight-hour bill; which was referred A bill (S.1408) conferring jurisdiction on the Court of Claims to the Committee on Education and Labor. to try, adjudicate, and determine the claim of Clayton G. Landis, He also presented petitions of the Woman's Christian Temper administrator of David B. Landis, deceased. · ance Union of Eau Claire, of the Woman's Christian Temperance Mr. PENROSE introduced the following bills; which were Union of Vernon, of thecongregationof the First Baptist Church severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee of Eau Claire, of the Christian Endeavor Society of Horicon, of on Pensions: the congregation of the Presbyterian Church of Horicon, of the A bill (S. 1409) granting an increase of pension to Edmund R. congregation of the German Lutheran Church of Chippewa Falls, Newhard; and of the congregation of the Presbyterian Church of Chippewa A bill (S. 1410) granting a pension to Jackson D. Siner; Falls, all in the State of Wisconsin, praying for an investigation A bill (S. 1411) granting a pension to Nicholas Simon: of the charges made _and filed against Hon. REED SMOOT, a A bill (S. 1412) granting a pension to Isabella C. Swisher; Senator from the State of Utah; which were referred to the Com A bill (S. 1413) granting a pension to Louisa D. Iviiller; mittee on Privileges and Elections. A bill (S. 1414) granting a pension to Jane E. Morr~s ; Mr. HOAR presented a petition of sundry citizens of Black A bill (S. 1415) granting a pension to Mary J. Williams; stone, Mass. , praying for an investigation of the charges made A bill (S. 1416) granting a pension to Peter A. Poorman; and filed against Hon. REED S.MOOT, a Senator from the State of A bill (S. 1417) granting a pension to Edith B. Wilkins; arid Utah; which was referred to the Committee on Privileges and A bill (S. 1418) granting an increase of pension to Aaron H. Elections. LeVan (with accompanying papers). He also presented the petition of Elza Lawrence, of Otway, Mr. WARREN. On behalf of the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. N.C.. praying that he be reimbursed on account of certain dis MILLARD], who is detained by illness, I introduce sundry bills. · abilities incurred in the Government service; which was referred The bill (S.1419) to fix the salary of the collector of customs at to the Committee on Claims. Omaha, Nebr., was read twice by its title, and referred to the }fr. BAILEY presented a petition of the Woman's Missionary Committee on Finance. Society of San Antonio, Tex., and a petition of the congregation The bill (S. 1420) granting an increase of pension to Gus:Svus of the :Madison Square Presbyterian Church, of San Antonio, S. Young was read twice by its title, and referred to the Commit Tex., praying fm.· an investigation of the charges made and filed tee on Pensions. against Hon. REED SMOOT! a Senator from the State of Utah; The bill (S.1421) granting an increase of pension to Charles L. which were referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. Houghton was read twice by its title, and, with the accompany PAPERS ON POLYGAMY. ing papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. The bill ( S. 1422) for the relief of the Omaha National Bank was Mr. GALLINGER. I present a compilation of papers relating read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. to polygamy. I move that the papers be referred to the Commit Mr. BURNHAM introduced a bill (S.1423) granting an increase tee on the Judiciary. of pension to Samuel F. Muny; which was read twice by its title The motion was agreed to. and referred to the Committee on Pensions. ' PAPER O:N AMERICAN SHIPPING. He also introduced a bill (S. 1424) granting an increase of pen Mr. GALLINGER. I present a brief paper on the subject of sion t~ Barney H. Stic~ey; which was read twice by its title, American shipping. I move that the paper be printed as a and, With the accompanymg papers, referred to the Committee on document. Pensions. The motion was agreed to. He also introduced a bill (S. 14.25) for the relief of Eleonora G. Goldsborough; which was read twice by its title, and referred to BILLS .AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. the Committee on Claims. Mr. DOLLIVER introduced a bill (S. 1390) to limit the effects Mr. QUARLES introduced a bill (S. 1426) to prevent the dese of the regulations of commerce between the several States and cration of the American flag; which was read twice by its title, with foreign countries in certain cases; which was read twice by and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. its title, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. He also introduced a bill (S. 1427) to establish a permanent Mr. ALGER introduced the following bills; which were sev military camp ground in the vicinity of Camp Douglas, in J lmeau erally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on County, Wis.; which was read twice by its title, and referred to P~nsions: the Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (S. 1391) granting an increase of pension to Geneveive Mr. NELSON introduced the following bills; which were sev Ludlow; erally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee A bill (-S. 1392) granting. an increase of pension to Mary A. on Pensions: Hughes; A bill (S.1428) granting an increase of pension to George Pen- A bill (S. 1393) granting an increase of pension to Moses Hill; nington; . 358 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. NoVEMBER 19,
A bill (8.1429) granting an increase of pension to Elizabeth C. A bill (8.1468) for the relief of the Bardstown and Louisville Paquin: Turnpike Company, and others; · A bill (8.1430) granting an increase of pension to Jeremiah A bill (8.1469) for the relief of Alex. Kennedy; Boss; A bill (8.1470) for the relief of Belle M. Robards; A bill (8.1431) granting an increase of pension to Martin Rod- A bill (8.1471) for the reference of the claims of certain volun~ man· teer soldiers to the Court of Claims; A bill (8.1432) granting an increase of pension to Joseph W. A bill (S. 14:72) for the relief of the RUBsellville and Logan Burch; County Agricultural and Mechanical Association of the State of A bill (S. 1433) granting a pension to Ellen Hicks; Kentucky; A bill (S.1434) granting an increase of pension to Edwin Matt- A bill (S.1473) for the relief of Sidney R. Smith; son· A bill (S. 1474) for the relief of the estate of W. M. O'Hara, Abill (S. 1435) granting an increase of pension to Ira Boying- deceased; ton; A bill (S. 1475) for the relief of John W. Lewis, late captain, A bill (S. 1436) granting an increase of pension to Thomas P. Fourth Kentucky Cavalry Volunteers, and others; and Wentworth; and A bill (S.1476) for the relief of Susan B. Chambers. A bill (S. 1437) granting an increase of pension to Clarence E. Mr. McCREARY introduced a bill (S. 1477) to carry out the Bull::!,rd. findings of the Court of Claims in the case of Sidney R. Smith Mr. NELSON introduced the following bills; which were sev- & Co.; which was read twice by its title, and raferred to the erally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee Committee on Claims. on Claims: He also introduced a bill (S. 1478) granting an increase of pen- A bill (S. 143 ) to authorize the restatement, readjustment, sion to Leroy R. Hawthorn; which was read twice by its title. settlement, and payment of dues to army officers in certain cases; and referred to the Committee on Pensions. A bill (S. 1439) for the relief of Andrew A. Kelly; Mr. BEVERIDGE introduced the following bills; which were .A bill (8. 1440) for the relief of Mrs. P. J. Getty, administra- severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Commit- trix; and tee on Pensions: A bill (S. 1441) to reopen and adjust the account for service of A bill (S. 1479) granting an increase of pension to James Lieut. Col. W. A. Jones, Corps of Engineers. Shaffer; Mr. NELSON introduced a bill (S.1442) for the relief of Sarah A bill (S. 1480) granting a pension to Maud .Altmeyer (with a0- K. :McLean; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the companying papers); and Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (S. 1481) granting an increase of pension to Joshua Bar- He also introduced a bill (S.1443) to amend an act entitled "An ton (with accompanying papers). · • act to extend the free-delivery system of the Post-Office Depart- Mr. BEVERIDGE introduced a bill {S. 1482) authorizing and ment, and for other purposes," approved January 3, 1887; which directing the Secretary of the Treasury to pay James L . .A.nder was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Post- son the sum of $798.28; which was read twice by its title. Offices and Post-Roads. Mr. BEVERIDGE. This is a bill authorizing the Secretary of He also introduced a bill (S. 1444) for the relief of Frank C. the Treasury to pay an officer in the Philippine Islands for the Darling; which was read twice by its title, and refetTed to the loss of baggage, etc., when transferred n·om one post to another Committee on Indian Depredations. under orders. I present papers in support of the claim, and move He also introduced a bill (S. 1445) for the relief of A. M. Dar- that the bill and accompanying papers be referred to the Commit- ling, administrator; which was read twice by its title, and referred . tee on the Philippines·. to the Committee on Indian Depredations. The motion was agreed to. Mr. BLACKBURN introduced the following bills; which were · Mr. HALE introduced a bill (S. 14.83) relative to the fees of at severally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee torneys in cases before the Spanish Treaty Claims Commi sion; on Pensions: which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee .A bill (8.1446) granting a pension to James Allen (with an ac- on Foreign Relations. companying paper); Mr. SPOONER introduced a bill (S. 1484) granting an increase A bill (S. 1447) granting a pension to Maria Taylor; of pension to Royal E. Dake;. which was read twice by its title, A bill (S. 1448) granting a pension to Laura Shaver; and, with the accompanying papers, referred. to the Committee A bill (S. 1449) granting a pension to John McSorley; on Pen ions . .A bill (8. 1450) granting an increase of pension to Eliza Jane 1\Ir. :McENERY introduced a bill (S. 1485) for the relief of Cameron; Eugene Augustin Bo·nrcy; which was read twice by its title, and .A bill (S. 1451) granting an increase of pension to Mrs. William referred to the Committee on Claims. T. Hord; He also introduced a bill (S. 1486) for the relief of the legal A bill (8.1452) granting an increase of pension to Mahala Fork- representatives of the late firm of Lapene & Ferre· which wus ner; and read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. A hiil (S. 1453) gTanting an increase of pension to Frank M. Mr. HANSBROUGH introduced a bill (8. 1487) creating an ad.- Schell. ditionalland office in the State of North Dakota; which was r 2ad Mr. BLACKBURN introduced the following bills; which were twice by its tit.le, and referred to the Committee on Public Lands. se\erally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee Mr. CLAPP introduced a bill (S. 1488) granting an increase of on Claims: . pension to Enoch Stahler; which was read twice by its title and A bill (S. 1454) for the relief of John Perry, administrator de referred to the Committee on Pensions. bonis non of Mary Scott, deceased; He also introduced a bill (S. 1489) granting a pension to Sophia A bill (S. 1455) for the relief of the legal representatiYes of Leo Hutchins; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the L. Johnson; Committee on Pensions. A bill (S. 1456) to carry out the findings of the Court of Claims He also introduced a bill (S. 1490) to authorize the sale of a vart in the ca.se of James H. Dennis; of what is known as the Red Lake Indian Reservation in the State · A bill (S. 1457) for the relief of William Points; of Minnesota; which was read twice by its title, and referred to A bill (S. 1458) for the relief of Hiram Wilhite; the Committee on Indian Affairs. A bill (8. 1459) for the relief of the legal representatives of Mr. CULLOM introduced a bill (S. 1491) granting an in ~ re 1s~ Warren Mitchell, deceased; of pension to James A. Hoover; which was read twice by its title, A bill (S. 1460) for the relief of the legal representatives of and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee William R. Boice, deceased; on Pensions. A bill (8. 1461) for the relief of the legal representatives of Mr. BALL introduced a bill (S. 1492) for the reHef of the Richard M. Robinson, deceased; widow and children of Daniel McDonough, deceased; which was A bill (S. 1462) for the relief of the legal representative of read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claim . Robert D. Salmon, deceased; Re also introduced a bill (S. 1493) to correct the milii:..:'l.ry rec- A bill (S. 1463) for the relief of the legal representatives of -ord of Thomas W. Ferree; which was read twice by its title, and John G. Holloway, deceased, and others; referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. A bill (S. 1464) for the relief of the legal representatives of He also introduced a bill (8. 1494) granti...ng an increase of pen- John C. Reed and Julia A. Reed, deceased; sion to Edward Colvin; which was read twice by its title,Jmd A bill (S.1465) for the relief of the drafted men of Pendleton referred to the Committee on Pensions. and other counties, in the State of Kentucky; He also introduced. a bill (S. 1495) granting an increase of pen- A bill (S. 1466) for the relief of the trustees of the Emory sion to Jonathan D. Harrington; which was read twice by its :Methodist Episcopal Church South, and of the Methodist Episco- title, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. pal Church, Washington district, Baltimore-Conference; Mr. GALLINGER introduced a bill (8. 1496) supplemental to A bill (S. 1467) for the relief of J . 8. Neal; the act of February 9,1821, incorporating the Columbian Qollege .1903. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE . 359 in the District of Columbia, and the acts amendatory thereof; PROPOSEn GRAVING DOCK. which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the Sen on the District of Columbia. ate a resolution coming over from a previous day, which will be He also introduced a bill (S. 1497) granting an increase of pen read. sion to Walter F. Chase; which was read twice by its title, and The Secretary read the resolution submitted yesterday by Mr. referred to the Committee on Pensions. lliLLORY, as follows: He also introduced a bill (S. 1498) granting an increase of pen Resolved, That the Secret:J.ry of the Navy be, and he is hereby, directed to sion to Winslow P. Eayrs; which was read twice by its title, and inform the Senate whether or not it is desirable, in the interest of the Navy, referred to the Committee on Pensions. that the Government of the United States should construct and own a grav ing dock, of capacity sufficient to dock the largest battle ships of the Nayy,~ at Mr. HOAR introduced a bill.(S. 1499) granting an increase of some port on t he coast of the, United States, on the Gulf of Mexico, and rr in pension to Elizabeth A. Collins; which was read twice by its title, his judgment the samo is desirable to also inform the Senate at wha-t port and referred to the Committee on Pensions. on said coast such dock should be located, and the probable cost of the same He also introduced a bill (S. 1500) granting a pen"Sion to Charles when completed. Lander; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the The PRESIDENT pro tempo-re. The question is on agreeing Committee on Pensions. to the resolution. Mr. FOSTER of Washington introduced a bill (8.1501) forthe The resolution was agreed to. relief of James F. Mcindoe; which was read twice by its title, EXECUTIVE SESSION, and referred to the Committee on Claims. Mr. ALLISON. I move that the Senate proceed to the consid Mr. FRYE introduced a bill (S. 1502) granting a pension to eration of executive business. Eli B. Clark; which was read twice by its title, and referred to The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the con the Committee on Pensions. sideration of executive business. After thirty-five minutes spent Mr. BLACKBURN introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 13) in executive session the doors were reopened. and (at 1 o'clock providing for the purchase of marble busts of Hon. Justin S. Mor p.m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Friday, November rill and Hon. D. W. Voorhees, late United States Senators from 20, 1903, at 12 o'clock m. the States of Vermont and Indiana, respectively, to be placed in the Congressional Library; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the Library. CONFIRMATIONS. M:r. ANKENY introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 14) pro-vid Executive nominations confinned by the Senate November 17, 1903. ing for the transfer of certain military rolls and records from the POSTMASTERS. Interior and other Departments to the War Department; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Mili A.RK.A.NSAS. tary Affairs. Jonathan Neal to be postmaster at Van Buren, in the county of THE ARMY CANTEEN. Crawford and State of Arkansas. IOWA. On motion of Mr. GALLINGER, it was Ordered That Senate Document No. 51, Fifty-seventh Congress, secon1i Annie L. Tabor to be postmaster at Independence, in the county session, relating to the army canteen, be reprinted for the use of the Senate of Buchanan and State of Iowa. and deposited in the Senate document room. Exec'utive nominaUons confirmed by the Senate NO'Vember 19, 1903. SOLDIERS' ROLL OF THE SENATE. CONSULS-GENERAL. Mr. PEI\TROSE. l submit a resolution and ask for its present consideration, if there is no objection. Church Howe, of Nebraska, to be consul-general of the United The resolution was read, as follows: States at Antwerp, Be-lginm. Resolved, That the Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate is hereby directed to Frank Steinhart, of Pennsylvania, to be ooruro.l-general of the place on e. special roll the names of all messengers now on his list of employees United States at Habana, Cuba. who are employed about the doors, committee roomsyor elevators of the Sen Ethelbert Watts, of Pennsylvania, to be consul-general of the ate, whose army record, wounds, and disabilities and service in the Senate justly enJ;itle them to favorable consideration, to he known and designated United States at St. Petersburg, Russia. as "The soldiers' roll of the Senate," and to continue such per.,ons in such co_~sur.s. positions and employment until cause for thell- removal sluiJl ha.ve been re ported to and approved by the Senate and their removal directed. George B. Anderson, of the Dist?ict of Colmnbia, to be consul The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Pennsyl of the United States at Guadeloupe, West Indies. vania asks for the present consideration of the resolution. Walter C. Hamm, of Pennsylvania, to be consul of the United Mr. ALLISON. I hope the Senator will allow it to be read States at Hull, England. again. Henry Abert Johnson, of the District of Columbia, to be con The Secretary again read the resolution. sul of the United States at Valencia, Spain. Mr. HALE. It is a very important resolution, and it ought to James Verner Long, of Pennsylvania, to be consul of the United be thoroughly examined by some one. I think it ought to go States at Patras, Greece. over or it should be referred to some committee. William J. Pike, of Pennsylvania, to be consul of the United The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Objection being made, the States at Zittau, Saxony. resolution goes over under the rule. COLLEai'OR OF CUSTOMS. Mr. PENROSE. There are papers accompanying the resolu John Russell, of Mississippi to be collector of customs for the tion, which I shall not ask to have read. district of Natchez, in the State of Mississippi. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The accompanying papers will lie on the table with the resolution. .APPOINTYENTS :rn THE REVE...~UE-CUTTER SERVICE. Lucien J. Ker, of the District of Columbia, to be a second as HARBOR OF COLD SPRING INLE"T, NEW JERSEY. sistant engineer in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United Mr. DRYDEN submitted the following concurrent resolution; States. which was considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: James A. Burns, of the District of Coltm1bia, to be a second Resolved b'IJ the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That the assistant engineer in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a survey to be made and estimat es to be submitted of the cost of dredging_and States. otherwise improving the barbor of Cold Spring Inlet, Cape May County, N.J., PROMOTIONB IN THE MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE. so as to meet the demands of commerce. Asst. Surg. Leslie L. Lumsden, of Virginia, to be a passed FRENCH COMBATANTS IN REVOLUTIONARY WAR, assistant surgeon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Serv Mr. HOAR submitted the following concurrent resolution; ice of the United States, to rank as such from March 14, 1903. which was referred to the Committee on Printing: Asst. Snrg. Lundsford D. Fricks, of Maryland, to be a passed Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives conC'ILrring),' That the assL~ant surgeon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Serv book recently published and issued by the French Government, entitled ice of the United States, to rank as such from August 2, 1903. "Combattants Fran~is de laGuerre Americaine, 1778-1783" be translated, and that there be printed and bound--copies of the translation, of which Asst. Surg. Victor G. Heiser, of Pennsylvania, to be a passed --shall be for the use of the Senate, and-- for the use of the House of assis~nt surgeon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Serv Representatives. ice of the United States, to rank as such from August 3, 1903. PORTLAND HARBOR, MAINE. Asst. Surg. William C. Hobdy, of Kentucky, to be a passed Mr. FRYE submitted the following concurrent resolution; assistant surgeon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Serv which was considered by unanimous consent~ and agreed to: ice of the United States~ to rank as such from August 15, 1903. Resolved b1J the Senate (the House of Hepresentatives concr:trring), That the APPOINTMEJ.~ IN THE MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE. Secretary of War be and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a survey to be made of Portland Harbor, Maine, to include Fore River above Francis A. Ashford, of the District of Columbia, to be an as Portland Br-idge and the entrance to Back Cove, with a view to widening and deepening the channels at those localities, and to submit plans and estimates sistant surgeon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service for such improvements. of the United States. 360 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. NOVEMBER 19,.
Herbert M. Manning, of the District of Columbia, to be an as James E. Johnson to be postmaster at Canton, in the county of sistant surgeon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service St. Lawrence and State of New York. of the United States. James M. Requa to be postmaster at Tarrytown, in the county Norman Roberts, of Pennsylvania, to be an assistant surgeon of Westchester and State of New York. in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United Norman C. Templeton to be postmaster at Irvington, in the States. county of Westchester and State of New York. POSTMASTERS. William W. Worden to be postmaster at Saratoga Springs, in COLORADO. the county of Saratoga and State of New York. Arthur F. Brown to be postmaster at Berthoud, in the county NORTH DAKOTA. of Larimer and State of Colorado. Bertha M. Gunderson to be postmaster at Aneta, in the county Robert W. Campbell to be postmaster at Brighton, in the of Nelson and State of North Dakota. county of Adams and State of Colorado. John E. Jenks to be postmaster at Souris, in the county of Bot George W. Miller to be postmaster at Hotchkiss, in the county tineau and State of North Dakota. of Delta and State of Colorado. Charles Leathart to be postmaster at Fairmount, in the county Benjamin F. Niesz to ~e postmaster at Steamboat Springs, in of Richland and State of North Dakota. the county of Routt and State of Colorado. William G. Mitchell to be postmaster at Minto, in the county Rolland Oliver to be postmaster at Paonia, in the county of of Walsh and State of North Dakota. Delta and State of Colorado. Edward T. Pierson to be postmaster at Granville, in the county George N. Raymond to be postmaster at Durango, in the county of McHenry and State of North Dakota. of La Plata ·and State of Colorado. August H. Wahl to be postmaster at Washburn, in the county Earle H. Rea ugh to be postmaster at Alamosa, in the county of of McLean and State of North Dakota. Conejos and State of Colorado. OIIIO. William C. Sloan to be postma-ster at Amethyst, in the county Oliver S. Applegate to be postmaster at Antwerp, in the county of Mineral and State of Colorado. of Paulding and State of Ohio. Frank E. Songer to be postmaster at Crested Butte, in the John Q. A. Campbell to be postmaster at Bellefontaine, in the county of Gunnison and State of Colorado. county of Logan and State of Ohio. Charles L. Todd to be postmaster at Rifle, in the county of Charles W. Dean to be postmaster at Mingo Junction, in the Garfield and State of Colorado. connty of J e:fferson and State of Ohio. MICIDGAN. CharleA E. Fenton to be postmaster at Newton Falls, in the F. M. Blatchford to be postmaster at Brighton, in the county county of Trumbull and State of Ohio. of Livingston and State of Michigan. Gustavus A. Gessner to be postmaster at Fremont, in the county Edwin L. Clapp to be postma-ster at Centerville, in the county of Sandusky and State of Ohio. of St. Joseph and State of Michigan. Herbert Harrison to be postmaster at Dillonvale, in the county Thomas E. Dawson to be postmaster at Sanilac Center, in the of Jefferson and State of Ohio. county of Sanilac and State of Michigan. Charles H. Huffman to be postmaster -at Richwood, in the William Glerum to be postmaster at Zeeland, in the county of county of Union and State of Ohio. ' Ottawa and State of Michigan. Walter M. Kyle to be pof?tmaster at Troy, in the county of William Hunter to be postmaster at Capac, in the county of St. Miami and State of Ohio. _ . Clair and State of Michigan. Arthur M. Lyon to be postmaster at Struthers, in the county of Henry H. Pulver to be postmaster at Laingsburg, in the county 1\fahoning and State of Ohio. . of Shiawassee and State of Michigan. Job.I,l F. Orr to ~e postmaster at Xenia, in the county of Greene Carmi R. Smith to be postmaster at Niles, in the county of Ber and State of Ohio. .' f " rien and State of Michigan. Lewis M. Riley to be postmaster at Blanchester, in the county Abner V. Stevie to be postmaster at Coloma, in the county of of Clinton and State of Ohio. Berrien and State of Michigan. Porter Watson to be postma-ster at Lowellville·, in the county William B. Stiles to be postmaster at Coopersville, in the county of Mahoning and State of Ohio. of Ottawa and State of Michigan. · PE~N SYLV ANIA. Fred Wade to be postmaster at Saugatuck, in the county of Allegan and State of Michigan. - Alexander C. Alton to be postmaster at Fayette City, in the William Webster to be postmaster at Sault Ste. Marie, late county of Fayette and State of Pennsylvania. Sault de Ste. Marie, in the cotmty of Chippewa and State of Joseph M. Bloss to be postmaster at Titusville, in the county of Michigan. · Crawford and State of Pennsylvania. Joseph Wise to be postmaster at Hubbell, late Southlake Lin Joseph B. Heister to be postmaster at New Kensington, in the county of Westmoreland and State of Pennsylva~ia. den, in the county of Houghton ·and State of Michigan. Emma Keat to be postmaster at Pen Argyl, in the county of _ NEW JERSEY. Northampton and State of Pennsylvania.· Robert L. Barber to be postmaster at Camden, in the county Eliza Ketcham to be postma-ster at Narberth; in the county of of Camden and State of New Jersey. Montgomery and State of Pennsylvania. Peter W. Brakeley to be postmaster at Dunellen, in the cotmty Jacob E. Long to be postmaster at Bangor, in the county of of Jlfliddlesex and State of New Jersey. Northampton and State of Pennsylvania. William L. Doremus to be postmaster at Montclair, in the Ellwood W. 1tfinster to be postmaster at Bristol, in the county county of Essex and State of New Jersey. of Bucks and State of Pennsylvania. Frank A. Esty to be postmaster at Clinton, in the county of GeorgeS. Mullin-to be postmaster at Hyndman, in the county Hunterdon and State of New Jersey. · of Bedford and State of Pennsylvania. Herman-B. Walker to be postmaster at Orange, in the county Francis A. Ready to be postmaster at Tarentum, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey. of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania. NEW YORK. Cyrus B. Smith to be postmaster at Wernersville, in the county John S. Burr to be postmaster at Charlotte, in the county of of Berks and State of Pennsylvania. Mom·oe and State of New York. Denis 0. Sullivan to be postmaster at Devon, in the county of Silas S. Cartwright to be postmaster at Roxbury, in the county Chester and State of Pennsylvania. Delaware and State of New York. FrankS. Tryon to be postmaster at Spartansburg, in the county Lucius R. Doty to be postmaster at Catskill, in the county of of Crawford and State of Pennsylvania. Greene and State of New York. Ren.wick Rowan to be postmaster at Parnassus, in the county James Freeman to be postma-ster at Mumford, in the county of of Westmoreland and State of Pennsylvania. · Monroe and State of New York. • Joseph T. Russell to be postmaster at New Salem, in the county Frank E. Gaylord to be postmaster at North Collins, in the of Fayette and State of Pennsylvania. county of Erie and State of New York. James Q. Waters to be postmaster at West Newton, in the H. C. Holcomb to be postmaltuer at Portville, in the county of county of Westmoreland and State of Pennsylvania. Cattaraugus and State of New York. John W. Zerbe -to be postmaster at Shamokin, in the county of William Hopkins to be postmaster at Ausable Forks, in the Northumberland and State of Pennsylvania. county of Essex and State of New York. · Andrew C. Ziegler to be postmaster at Mars, in the county of Flora A. Horner to be postmaster at Belmont, in the county of Butler and State of Pennsylvania. Allegany and State of New York. _ SOUTH CAROLINA.. Frank H. Johnson to be postmaster at Farmer, in the county of Samuel T. Poinier to be postmaster at Spartanburg, in the county Seneca and dtate of New York. of Spartanburg and State of South Carolina. 1903. · CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD·-- HOUSE. 361
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. nually. That State produces about 300,000tonsof sugar annually, and it is proposed by this measure to reduce the tariff upon sugar THURSDAY, November 19, 1903. coming into the United States from Cuba by 20 per cent of the The House met at 12 o'clock m. prevailing rate of duties. Inasmuch as I am instructP-d by the Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. HENRY N. CouDEN, D. D. Democratic constituency that has sent me here to cast my vote The Journal of yesterdays proceedings was read and approved. against this proposition, and inasmuch as the Democrats who have elected me to this House believe that the reduction of this MESSAGE FROM THE SE~ATE . tariff upon Cuban sugar will not accrue to the benefit of the peo A message from the Senate, by 1\:lr. P ARKINSON, its reading ple of the United States nor to the people of Cuba, but will ac clerk~ announced that the Senate had passed the following reso crue exclusively to the benefit of the sugar manufacturers of this lutions; in which the concurrence of the House was requested: country, and inasmuch as they believe, and I believe, that this Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representati't:es concurring), That the bill is not along the lines of Democractic reform, I can neither Secretary of War cause an examinn.tion and survey to be made for the pur permit unchallenged the expression to go forth from Members on pose of a~cerudnii!g the cost and feasibility of extending a 16-foot channel of suitable width. from the pre1::ent c~'l.nnel north of Corner Stake light in an this side of the House that this is a Democratic measure nor that east13rly direction and noj:th of Shooters Island. to Kill van Kull, to straighten this law will inure to the benefit of the sugar consumers of this and incremoe the width of waterway at Shooters l £ln.nd and relieve the con country or to the Cuban sugar producers. gestion of commerce at that point; also, a like examination and sur>ey for thepurpcso of ascertain....'ug ihe cost and fen.Eibility of removing the reef at That it is not a Democratic measure must be taken to be correct, Ber~,en Point light and doo-per:ing to 16 feet und improving and straighten if the history of this legislation is looked into. We know that it ing we channel between Kill van Kull and Elizabethport, with a plan or plans is essentially an Administration measure. W-e know that in the . for making such improvements and estimates thereof. general recommendation made by the President to the last Con Senate concurrent resolution No.16. gress this measure was highly recommended. We know that when Resolved by the Senate (the House of Re-presentatives concurring), Tha.t the Secretary of Wa1· be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a there was delay by the last Congress about our taking up the mat survey to be made. of Portland Harhor, Maine, to include Fore Ri>er abo•e ter that a special message was sent to Congress by the President Portland Bridge, and the entrance w Back. Cove, with a view to widening urging immediate action on the proposition, and we know that end deepening'the chrmnels at those l~alities, and to submit plans and egti mates for such improvements. Congress is now in session, sitting in extraordinary session on a Senate co:z:current resolution No. 17. c~~l issued by the President, in order to carry into law this propo Resolvea by the Senate (the House of Repre.senfatives concurring), That the sition. Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a But, perhaps, this is not sufficient reason to characterize this survey to be made and estimates to be submitted of the cost of dredging and bill as a Republican measure. After careful examination of the otherwise improving the harbor of Cold Spring Inlet, Cape May County, N.J., so as to meet the demands of commerce. platforms of both the great parties, I find two expressions of Re publican approval of this proposition and but one expression on SENATE CONCURRE~T RESOLUTIONS REFERRED. this subject in any Democratic platform. Under clause 2~ Rule XXIV, the following resolutions were The Republican platform of 1892 contains the following: taken from the Speaker's tablo and referred to their appropriate We point to the success of th(\ Republican policy of reciprocity, under committees as indicated below: which our export trade has vastly increased and new and enlarged markets Resol1:e d by the Senate (the House of ReJYresentatives concurring), That the have been opened for the products of our farms and workshops. We remind Secretary of War cause ::.n examination and sur>ey to be made for the pur the people of the bitter opposition of the Democratic party to this practical pose of ascertaining the cost &nd feasibility of extending a 16-foot channel of busmess measure, and 'Claim that, executed by a Republican Administration, suitable width from the present channel north·cf Corner Stake light in an our present laws will eventually give us control of the trade of the world. eash~Ply direction and north of Shooters Is1
I am indebted for this excerpt to the courtesy of my friend from them as treaties were consummated between this country and other Georgia [Mr. BARTLETT], who quoted it from the campaign book countries. To make more clear this position let us assume that of 1892 in the great speech delivered by him against Cuban reci- the Democratic instead of the Republican party had been in power procity April16, 1902. in 1897, and that a bill in place of the Dingley bill had been fash- It was upon this issue in 18!>2, and since, that the people of the ioned by the Democratic party, the establishment of the proposed South, believing in tariff reform, condemned reciprocity in many trade relation between this Government and the island of Cuba State and Congressional platforms, from one of which my friend would necessarily reduce the revenue and create a deficit in the from 'Fexas [Mr. BuRGESS] read yesterday as juggling with a Treasury. But as no one on this side of the House advocates the principle to which the Democratic party could not subscribe. I administering of the affairs of the Government on a credit basis find that my friend from Missouri [Mr. CLARK] the other day it would immediately become the duty of this Congress, afte; paid high encomium to a former leader of the minority on the ratifying this treaty between Cuba and the United States, to cor floor of this House, Mr. BAILEY of Texas. I would like to com- respondingly raise the rates on all articles imported into this mend to him a passage in the speech of this great leader of the country from other countries than Cuba, so as to raise additional Democratic party while speaking on the Dingley bill. He said revenues, and in doing that raise the tariff in the exact proportion in part: with the reduction of revenues brought about by the reciprocity The Chicago platform does not differ from the former declarations of the treaty with Cuba. Democratic party as to the right of the Government to lay taxes. It does, As betwe~n the two posit~ons. tariff f?r re':"enue and reciprocity h ow e.-er, differ essentially from the platform of 1892 as to the policy of ex- on the one Side and protection and reCiproCity on the other side emptint; raw materials from taxation. But, sir, the doctrine of free raw th R bli 'd uld t 1 ast h th · f ' materials was itself a radical departure from all Democratic traditions, and e epu can I ea wo a e ave e VIrtue o stability in depar ting from it the Chicago convention simply returned to tha time- the other would be an ever-shifting process, dangerous to trad~ honm·ed principles of our party. Never in aJ1 its liistory, until it fell under and to continued party success. The other proposition which I that strange delusion which can only b 3 described as Clevelandism, did the desire to discuss is: Who will derive the benefit of this 20 per cent Democr:1tic party countenance a _p:r:oposition to allow the manufacturers of this country to buy almost everything they need free from taxation, while reduction? The matter is so plain to my mind that the trust will ¢vingthemthebenefitofadutyonnearlyeverythingtheysell. (Applause.] get the benefit of this re Now, will not the sugar trust get the entire bell5lfit from this, to him, we find that last year, on the 15th of November, prime and will the sugar plant-ers of Cuba derive a single cent of profit yellow clarified sold for 3H. This year, on the same day, it sold out of this proposition? I contend that the sugar trust will get for 3}-i, or a difference of practically 3-t points. But on the same the entire benefit and that the Cuban planters will not get a cent day last year refined sugar sold for 4.21, and on that day this year of it, and I will explain the reason why I think so, and I will pro for 4.50r a difference of 29 points. So that the producer on the duce the facts upon which I make this statement. 15th of November was practically 3t points behind last year's We in Louisiana are compelled, just as the Cuban planter is com mar-ket on the same day, because it was known that Cuban reci pelled, to· sell all of our product to the sugartrnst. The American procity would not be successful in the Congress, while the con Suga1· Refining Company has a refinery in New Orleans~ We sell sumer was being charged 29 points more for refined sugar. And our sugar to the American Sugar Refining Company. When we adding the loss to the producer, 3t, to the loss to the consumer, come to New Orleans to our market we are met with this condition 29 points, we find a difference of 32i poip.ts clear gain to the trust of affairs. The trust says to us: ''The price of sugar inNew York on the market value of the difference between raw and refined is, say, 3t cents. We will give yon for your sugar, on the New sugars. Orleans market, 3! cents, less three-sixteenths of a cent a pound." Now, all sugars coming from Cuba last year were-of an average When we ask them why they deduct three-sixteenths of a cent a test of 94. But 94 sugars pay 1.61, and assuming the present crop pound from the NewYorkprice they saythe freighttoNewYork of Cuba to test 94, which is more than probable, 20 per cent re is three-sixteenths of a cent a pound. When we tell them that onr duction on the tariff on that test, or 24 per cent reduction on 1.61, sugars do not go out of Louisiana; that they have their refinery eqnals 32t points. So that on the 15th of November the trust, right at hand; that they refine their sugar at that point~ and th.at with the fnil knowledge that this measure would become law, New Orleans is a distributing point, and that therefore they do and knowing that the Louisiana sugar producer was on the mar not have to pay any freight charges to New York on our raw ket with his crop, dedncted the 32i points in anticipation of the sugar, they say they know that as well as. we do, but they say to passage of this bill. And between the Louisiana producer and us: "If you do not care to sell your sugars to us in the city of the American consumer the American Sugar Trust is now appro New Orleans, then move it to New York, pay the freight rate, priating the 32t points contemplated by this bill. If they charge and there you will get the New York price on your sugar." this against us to-day, will they not charge it against the Cuban There being nothing to gain by this but delay, we sell in New crop when it commences to reach the ports of the United States Orleans, and thus they deprive us of the th.roo-sixteenths of a cent next month? a pound on every pound o-f sugar produced in Louisiana. But since November 15, when the question was asked the gen Being the sole purchasers of this raw product, if they have the tleman from New York [Mr. McCLELLAN], on this morning the power thus to mulct us in three-sixteenths of a cent a pound be secretary of the New Orleans Sugar Exchange, now in Washing cause the freight rate to New York is three-sixteenths of a cent ton, is in receipt of a telegram, which I hold in my hand, signed pound, then if you reduce yon:r tariff 20 per cent on Cuban sugar, by the president of that exchange, which reads as follows: and they exert the same influence and the same power and tell the 3U average price prime yellows to-day. Refiners here buying basis 3ft for Cuban planter that they will pay them the price of their raw sugar, 96test. which is the cost of producing it, with a small margin of profit, Gentlemen will note prime yellow is quoted at 3H, but that the plus the tariff upon the sugar entering New York, less the 20 per refiners are buying 96 test at 3-f'6 , evidencing what I have just cent reduction which has been made in the tariff, or they can go recited, the forced reduction of the price of our sugar, because elsewhere with their sugar, what c.an the Cnban sugar producers we disposed of it on the New Orleans instead of the New York do? Where can they go? Where is there any other market for market. But this telegram conveys more than that. Since No them~ Will they not, like the Louisiana planter, be compelled to vember 15 our sugars have dropped from 3H to 3~ {which is turn their sugar over to the American Sugar Refining Company, equivalent to 3M); 3H from 3H shows a drop of ;'% , or a differ the American Sugar Refining Company taking possession of the ence of plus 24 pomts. So that, not content with taking 29 points 20 per cent reduction and placing it in their treasury, thlli! trans from the American consumer at this time, we are losing by the ferring the money, which now goes into the Treasury of the United sim}>le agitation of this question here, on the Louisiana crop, 24 States from the present tariff on Cuban sugar, into the treasury of points over last year's price. the American Sugar Refining Company? Is there any answer to In the face of these demonstrations can any gentleman further that proposition? argue that the trust will not get the 20 per cent reduction con The other day I asked the gentleman from New York [Mr. temJtlated by this bill? These bandits of modern American com McCLELLAN] a question which he said he would not answer just merce preying upon the American people by devices of stealth of at that time, but that he would answer later on. I do not know action and tricks of cunning ar~ as affectual in accomplishing whether or not the gentleman from New York is now on the floor. their purpose as their prototypes of more ancient times accom I have read his speech carefully and I find in it no answer to the plished theirs by personal exposure, physical risk, and misdirected question which I put to him. The question which I asked him courage. was this: Shall it be said that tlris Congress, realizing the full effect of Will the gentleman explain to the House how it is that three- days- ago this measure-shall it be said that the Democratic Members of prime yellow clarified (unrefined) sugar was quoted at an, whil~ last year this Congress, realizing as they did in the last Congress that this on the same da.yit was 3H, or a difference of 3} points against the American gigantic monster is prepared to swallow up the substance of the producer, while rE>fined sugar on the same day last year was quoted a.t 4.21 tmd this year at-4.50? In other words, why is it that rafined sugar has gained people, will deliberately cast their vote to again enlarge the field 23 points since Congress has met, and prime yellow clarified, th.e best grade of the differential? For I contend that, in view of these demon of unrefined sngar, has lost3t points, a difference of just ~-l points, the exact strations, the pToof of which I have just furnished the House, amount fixed by the pending reciprocity biiD the 20 per cent reduction on Cuban sugars means an additional In order to explain fully the purport of this question and the differential in favor of the trust. · facts which I sought to elicit from the gentleman from New York,. The Democratic party, opposed to trusts, should never align I had better make an explanation of the differential. The present itself to a proposition intending to give larger scope, greater op tariff rate on sugar imported into this cormtry is a sliding-scale portunity, and more powerful leverage to extort from the people rate so far as raw sugar is concerned. The rate is for sugars test of this country additional tribute to this awful concern. ing 75° of the polariscope1 0.95 of a cent pe.r pound, and for each That the effort will be made on the part of the Democrats be additional degree of the polariscope 0.035 of a cent per pound. fore we take a vote on this bill to take off the differential is well Nowt under that scale sugars testing 100 would pay 1.82t, or known to this conntry; that this effort will be unavailing is well $1.82t per 100 pounds1 while refined sugar pays 1.95, or $1.95 known to the Democrats on this floor. Failing in that, failing in per 100 pounds. So that, theoretically spealring, the differential the effort to relieve the people from the unjust taxation imposed is only 12! points, or 12-t cents per 100 pounds. But all sugar upon them by the sugar trust, realizing that the effect of this leg above 96 test is classed as refined sugar, and 9& test sugar pays a islation will be to add a further differential in favor of the trnst, rate of duty amounting to 1.61, or $1.61 per 100 pounds. So that almost equivalent to the differential which it now unduly re immediately after passing the 96 test sugars pay 1.95, or.$1.95 per ceives, will any Democrat lend his efforts, cast his vote1 or use 100 pounds. Therefore the real differential is not 12-t points, but his in.fluenc~ to bring about the perpetration of this outrage upon 34 points; and that is the differential legislated primarily for the the sugar industry of this country, knowing full well that no citi interest of the sugar trust, though in some degree it enhances the zen will be benefited by that action, that no Cuban planter will value of American produced sugar. derive any part of the profits of this reduction, but that in its en It would necessarily follow, if, as contended by the gentleman tirety, as though lifting bodily that amount of money from the from New York [Mr. McCLELLAN], there is only one market at Treasury of the United States and transferring it into the coffers the same time in this country for all kinds of sugar, the differ of this corporation, the trust will receive every cent of it? If that ence between the price on raw sugar and refined sugar should at be not true, then why has not the last bill with the differential no time be m.ore than 34 points, or 34 cents per 100 ponndsr and off become law? If that be not true, then why was the- American the price of each should travel in parallel lines. But, aa. a matter Sugar Refinery lending its efforts and influence-toward carrying of fact, such is not the case. Taking the question propounded through Congress this legislation? Why has it had its lobbyists 364 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NovEMBER 19, in the corridors of this building, and why is it engaged at this tion of the act of Congress. It was not the making of law. He was the mere age?t ~f the lawmaki.J;lg department to ascertain and declare the event upon moment in taxing the Louisiana sugar planter even in advance of which Its expressed will was to take effect. It was a part of the law itself as the passage of this measure? it left the hands of Congress that the provisions, full and complete in them We in Louisiana have always contended from the inception of s~lves, permitti~g the free i~troduction of sugars, molass~s , coffee _tea, and hides frol:ll particular countr1es _should be_suspe?ded m a given contingency,1 this p1atter that the trust will get the benefit of this reduction. and that m case of such suspensiOns certam duties should be imposed. Gentlemen on this floor have contended otherwise. There cer "The t1·ue distinction," as Judge Ranney, speaking for the supreme court tainly is a way by which this matter can be adjusted to the satis of Ohio, has well sa.id, "is between the delegation of power to make the law, which necessarily involves a discretion as to what it shall be, and conferring faction of all parties concerned. We are willing to stand the test authority or discretion as to its execution, to be exercised under and in pur of our contention. Why not make a provision in this bill that if suance of the law . . TI?-e ~t ca.~ n9t be done; to~e latter novali~objection at any time it should be proven that the trust does receive the can be made." (Cincmnati, Wilmington, etc., Railroad v. CommiSsioners 1 Ohio Stat., 88.) ' benefit of this reduction, then it shall be the duty of the Presi In Moore v. City of Reading (21 Pa. Stat., 188, ro2) the language of the dent to abrogate this treaty with Cuba? Clearly, if the Cuban court was: people do not get the banefit of the reduction they will be inter "Half the statutes on our books are in the alternative, depending upon the discretion of some person or persons to whom is confided the duty of deter ested in proving that fact. Clearly, it the sugar trust extorts mining whether the proper occasion exists for executing them. Bnt it can from them this 20 per cent, which they believe they will receive, not~ said that the exercise of such discretion is the making of the law." they will not hesitate to make the fact public. Clearly, if the So m Locke's Appeal (72 Pa. Stat., 491, 498): "To assert that a law is less than a. law because it is made to depend on a. Louisiana planter sees the price of his commodity reduced because future event or act is to rob the legislature of the power to act wisely for the of this legislation, and the trust receives the profits apcruing public welfare whenever a law is passed relating to a state of affairs not yet from it, he will not be interested in concealing the facts, and the developed or to things future or impossible to frilly know." The proper distinction, the court said, was this: facts which I have given above would soon be substantiated, so "The legislature cannot delegate its power to make a law, butitcanmake that the President of the United States would be compelled to a. law to delegate a power to determine some fact or state of things upon give recognition of the fact that this legislation inured exclusively which the law makes or intends to make its own action depend. · To deny this would be to stop the wheels of government. There are many things to the benefit of the sugar trust; and I do not believe that, should upon which wise and useful legislation must depend which can not ba known such a condition arise, the President of the United States would to the lawmaking power and must, therefore, be a subject of inquiry and either neglect or delay to carry out the behest of Congress if pre determination outside of the1 halls of legislation." · What has been said is equally applicable to the objection that the third sented to him in the manner which I have described. section of the act invests the President with treaty-making power. No harm can grow out of such a proposition. Or, if the trust The court is of opinion that the third section of the act of October 1 1890 does not get the profits, then the provision in the bill would be is not liable to the objection that it transfers legislative and treaty-nmking power to the President. Even if it were, it would not by any means follow harmless. But if. on the other hand, the trust should get the that other parts of the act, those which directly imposed duties upon a.rticles benefit of it, I take it that no man on this floor-certainly no imported, would be inoperative. But we need not in this connection enter Democrat on this :floor-would want to see a continuation of con upon the consideration of that question. ditions whereby at least one of the trusts of this country was a direct beneficiary of legislation in the framing of which they had The President of the United States in negotiating this treaty participated. Is not this a fair proposition? Can any one urge a usurped a prerogative of this body, violated a constitutional pro reason against the adoption of such a proposition? Oh, I know vision placing exclusively in the power of this body bills affecting that my Democratic friends will say that the rules under which the revenue of the Government; and it will not do for gentlemen this bill is being considered precludes the possibility of an amend to contend that this is not so, because in the bill itself appears a ment, but if they can find a way to submit a proposition to take provision declaring that this action on our part shall not be con off the differential, why can they not couple with that proposi strued as a surrender of the right of this body to originate bills tion the one which I now submit? · True there would be as little affecting the revenue. . opportunity of securing the passage of this amendment as there How harlequinesque this position! This House, reali..zi.llg that • is of passing the one taking off the differential, but it would have it is being despoiled of one of its constitutional privileges, sub served as a warning on the country that in the participation of mits it-nay, assists in the despoiling, and contents itself with a Members on this side of the Chamber in this legislation they are mild protest that this submission, that this assistance shall not at least free from any desire, which I know is true, to legislate be construed as a submission and an assistance. What absurd any additional favors upon an institution now overburdened with folly! Is this House, under the Republican policy of centraliza favors growing out of past legislation. tion of power into one hand, ready to abdicate its most sacred Such a proposition as I have indicated is thoroughly within the rights? Is this House ready to subscribe with a mild form of pro power· of the House to include in this proposition. Such a course test to being thus despoiled of this power? Is this House prepared of action on the part of Congress has at least two precedents to to abrogate in the future its power to legislate and regulate tariff go by. The countervailing duty fixed in the Dingley law is along schedules, revenue-producing laws, everything affecting the rev the lines of this suggestion, and the suspension of articles placed enue, to the President of the United States and submit to it, agree · on the free list by the McKinley law and the imposition by proc to play the second fiddle in the ·exercise of a power exclusively in lamation of a stated duty on such articles, which included sugar, trusted to it by the Constitution of the United States? And, to hides, etc., was a provision in the McKinley bill. In the case of make this matter worse, while with the one hanrl it surrenders Field v. Clark (143 U. S. Reports, p. 649) the Supreme Court this power to the President, on the other hand it usurps the power held that that species of legislation was perfectly constitutional. which belongs exclusively to the upper House of Congress. After going over innumerable authorities, Judge Harlan, as the Note the purpose of this bill-to carry into effect a treaty. organ of the court, concludes as follows: Under the Constitution the right to make treaties is in the execu tive branch of the Government, subject to the approval by ratifica That Congress can not delegate legislative power to the President is a prin ciple universally recognized as vital to the integrity and maintenance of the tion of the upper House of Congress, and here this unconstitutional system of go>ernment ordained by the Constitution. The act of October 1, method of bringing about this legislation, which should have 1890, in the particular under consideration, is not inconsistent with that prin originated in the House, originates in the Executive, and from the ciple. It does not, in any real sense, invest the President with the power of legislation. For the purpose of securing reciprocal trade with countries pro Executive in the form adopted, the consent of the upper House ducing and exporting sugar, molasses, coffee, tea, and hides, Congress itself alone being necessary. Due to the usurpation by ·the President determined that the provisions of the act of October 1,1890, permitting the of the powers of the House, we are led from one ridiculous position free introduction of such articles, should be SUSlJended as to any country pro ducing and exporting them that imposed exactiOns and duties on the agri to another, and we find under that method of procedure that it culturalandotherproductsof the United States, which the President deemed, becomes necessary for this House to usurp constitutional rights that is, which he found to be, reciprocally unequal and unreasonable. Con which exclusively belong to the upper House. gress itself prescribed. in advance, the duties to be levied, collected, and paid on sugar, molasses, coffee, tea, or hides, produced by or exported from such I have sought, as fully as the time allotted me would permit, designated country while the suspension lasted. Nothing involving thE ex to present two of the many objections to this bill. Having pre pediency or the just operation of such legislation was left to the determina sented them as clearly as I can, I am willing to submit the matter tion of the President. The words, "he may deem," in the third section, of course, implied that the President would examine the commercial regula to the determination of this House. tions of other countries producing and exporting sugar, molasses, coffee, tea, Mr. HEPBURN. Mr. Chairman, I thought the other dav that and hides, and form a judgment as to whether they were reciprocally equal the gentleman from Mississippi indulged in scant courtesy to the and reasonable, or the contrary, in their effect upon American products. But when he ascertained the fact that duties and exactions, reciprocally un "blanket Indians who were striving to get back to the reserva equal and unreasonable, were imposed upon the agricultural or other prod tion," when he taunted them with what I thought he called de ucts of the United States by a country producing and exporting sugar, mo sertion from their allies. [Laughter.] I suppose I am one of lasses, coffee, tea, or hides, it became hiS duty to issue a proclamation declar- . ing the suspension, as tothatcountry, which Congress had determined should those blanket Indians. At all events I am seeking the reservation . occur. He had no discretion in the _premises except in respect to the dura [Laughter.] But I am not entitled to the taunt of the gentleman tion of the suspension so ordered. But that related only to the enforcement of having deserted my allies. The gentleman will remember that of the policy established by Congress. As the suspension was absolutely required when the President ascertained on last Saturday night the Democrats in this House indulged in the existence of a particular fact, it can not be said that in ascartaining that a caucus, and we are told that in that caucus they hurried to an fact and in issuing his proclamation in obedience to the legislative will he nounce to the world that whether the amendment they desired to exercised the function of making laws. Legislative power was exercised when Congress declared that the suspension should take effect upon a named this bill was attached to it or not they would vote for the bill. contingency. What the President was required to do was simply in execu- In view of that action, and that is the earliest action that any 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 365 party could have taken, I would like to know where the taunt of When gold was discovered in California there were one hundred desertion belongs. and fifty millions of gold t.hat played its part in the circulating l\Ir. Chairman, I have intimated that I intend to vote for this medium of the Unit.ed States. During the first thirteen years bill, and yet I confess I do it with reluctance. I do it because the after that discovery, and up to 1860, there was dug from the mines large. majority of my a.ssociates seem to think that it is necessary, of California $800,000,000, making a total of nine hundred and because the Administration very heartily approves of it, because fifty millions.of gold that ought to.have been in the United States the last Republican State convention of the State of Iowa declared in 1860. As a matter of fact, there were but two hundred millions. in favor of it. Therefore I intend to vote for it. but I am not Seven hundred and fifty millions of our gold had been exported satisfied with the reasoning indulged in by gentlemen in support from the United States to pay the balances that were due to for of it. I am not one of those who believe that we owe anything to eign manufa-cturers because of the faulty systems of the Demo Cub3. I did not know that it was contended, or it could have cratic party under the tariff of 1846 and the tariff of 1857. been contended, a little more than one htmdred years ago, after That is the statement of the account, and we had in the United the colonies had received much of assistance from the French States in 1860 but four hundred and seven millions of circulating monarchy, after our liberation, after the establishment of our medium. The wealth of the United States at that time was six Government, that because the French armies and French fleets teen billiOIJ.S of dollars. Eight generations of men had labored were instrumental in securing our independence therefore we from the time of the settlement at Jamestown, eight generations were entitled to great liberality in trade conventions with France. of men had lived and died, and they had been able to accumulate I know of no reason why we are indebted or why we owe anything in two hundred and fifty years as surplus only sixteen billions of to the Republic of Cuba. We have done much for them. We dollars. Then we changed our policies. Instead of engaging have spent three or four hundred millions of treasure, we have simply in trade we began to make things, to create wealth, to en sacrificed many lives, in order that that little nationality might courage our own labor here, and at the end of forty years a little be relieved from oppression. more than one generation of men had created eighty-six billions of I believe in the doctrine of reciprocHy, but I believe in Repub wealth. [Applause on the Republican side.] They had added lican reciprocity. I believe in the reciprocity of McKinley, and I as their contribution to this wonderful amount seventy billions want now to say that that most estimable character has, in my to the sixteen billions of the eig-ht generations that had preceded judgment, been traduced and slandered by many men who have them. undertaken to repeat or to give signification to the last speech he We began new policies then in 1860, and we have gone on per ever uttered. fecting and making better and better and better the tariff laws of There is nothing in that speech from beginning to end that dif the United States, until the nearest possible approach to perfection fers one iota from the well-established.doetrines of the Republican in that direction was reached in this body a little more than six party.upon.this question of reciprocity, namely, that the articles years ago. What are some of the results of that? Think. What that are to be the subject of reciprocal arrangement and are to ha.s been accomplished in a little more than six years? The bal have advantages in our markets are to be the noncompetitive arti ance of trade in our favor Fince the Dingley law went into effect cles that will not interfere with.our labor or with our industries. has been thirty-two hundred and twenty-four millions of dollars. Let me read the concluding sentence in that speech on this sub [Applause on the Republican side.] In seventy-two years of ject, and it ought t-o quiet these gentlemen who are assiduous in Demo eratic policies-practical free-trade policies-during the only their efforts to make it appear that William McKinley had re years in which there were balances in our favor they amounted to canted something in regard to his tariff views~ that he had taken one hundred and fifty seven million, but in the grand aggregate a back track, that he was on the way to Democratic free trade. the sum against us was one billion and one hundred and odd mil '£he sentence of most importance in his speech is this: lions of dollars-more than a billion of dollars against us; while We should take from our customers such of their products as we can use in six years of time along our policies, under our legislation, the without harm to our industries and our labor. balances in our favor have been thirty-two hundred and twenty That is what William McKinley said. What is there in that four millions of dollars . . that gives encouragement to men who claim that the competitive Inr:;tead of sending our portable wealth abroad to pay these bal article, the article that does harm to our industries or does harm ances the whole world is contributing to our wealth by sending to our labor, is to be the subject of reciprocal agreement? their precious metals and their portable wealth to swell our riches. . Mr. Chairman, I believe in the system of protection as taught We have now in the United States, instead of a beggarly two hun by the Republican party, and as illustrated by it in its legislation. dred millions that were here when the Republican party took ...~d right here I want to say that in my judgment there is no control of affairs, twelve hundred and seventy millions of gold. Republican who claims that there is sanctity or sacredness in Instead of there being four hundred and seven millions of circula schedules, that they are written for all time, that they are to be tion we have now twenty-seven hundred and thirteen millions of permanent and unchanged. The Republican party has eight circulation. In 1860 the manufactured products of the United times entirely modified and changed the tariff and revised it. States amounted to $1,750,000,000; in 1902 they amounted to The tariff has been revised four times since I became a Member $13,000,000,000. Under Republican policies these changes have of this House-three times by the Republican party and once by come about. the Democratic ·party. We recognize that changed conditions In the old time, if a work of internal improvement ·was pro make changes in tariff rates essential, but we do cling to the pro jected, the first thing to be done was to send envoys abroad to tective principle, and I am glad to know that we can point to re see whether the money could be borrowed, and we were one of sults. Mr. Chairman, we have had tariff regulations from the the debtor nations, so it was said, and we often heard that taunt · earliest days of the Republic. used that the United States was a debtor nation. Ah, the Repub For seventy-two years our tariffs were in the main written along lican party has changed all that. This is no longer a debtor the lines of Democratic policy-for seventy-two years. It is tn1ewe nation. :Men come here to borrow by the score of millions our had a protective tariff, so called, in 1816, another in 1828, and gold. All of our great enterprises are now being financed at another in 1842, but theywereshort-livedand were not protective home. We have an abundance of money, we have an abundance as we understand that word now. They were along the lines, I of credit, we have an abundance of capital. These are some say, of Democratic free trade, refusing protection to the labor or of the reasons why I am wedded to the Dingley tariff law and encouragement to the industries of the people of the United why I am unwilling that there should be assaults upon it, insidious. States. During those seventy-two years there were fifteen years or otherwise. I am one of those who, at least for the time being, where the balance of trade with foreign nations was in favor of is content to let well enough alone and refuse to go into new and. the people of the United States, and the total of those balances in untried experiments. [Applause on the Republican sideJ our favor were $157,000,000. During fifty-seven years the bal But, Mr. Chairman, th~se considerations, vast as they are, are ances were against us, and the aggregate of those balances were but inconsiderable in comparison to the infinite good that comes. S1~27o,o o o,ooo. to the people that have the wisdom to adopt a protective policy. When one stops to philosophize with regard to what this means, Governments are instituted for _the purpose of amelior~ting the it is a matter of greatconcern that the balances should beso large condition of men, of bringing more of happiness into the human. against us, for it means that it became necessary that we by the heart, moTe of content into human families, .and when we con export of our gold and our silver and our portable wealth should sider what this policy of the Republican party has ac:}omplished lose this immense sum of twelve hundred and seventy millions of in this direction in the elevation of the labor of the COUl\try, in dollars of our business capital, that would be so useful in our trade making happy conditions for the labor of the country, it is incon and commerce, and that our trade and commerce was thus cur ceivable to my mind that gentlemen should cavil or sneer at our tailed by this useless and unnecessary exportation of our gold and policies. silver and portable wealth. Our stocks, our bonds, State, national, Mr. HUGHES of New Jersey rose. and municipal, were carried abroad and we not only lost this cap The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman yield to the gentleman ital, ortheuseof this capital, but we were constantly being drained from New Jersey? . of· the- sums necessaryto·pay the-dividends and the interest-s-on · ~ Mr.-HEPEURN. I will be-excused from yielding to the gen stocks and bonds. We were thus constantly made poo1·er. tleman from New Jersey. .• .. ,. !'· ' ,• ' ...... ' . ' . 366 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NOVEl\IBER 19, The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman declines to yield. Now, I do not believe that there will ever, under any circum Mr. HEPBURN. Mr. Chairman, the Republican party was stances, at anytime, beviolenceinrevolutionin this country. I do called into being in order to stand in front of an assault upon the not believe that. There will be no guillotines, such as Paris SIDw. dignity of labor. The Democratic party at that time was insist There will be no streets running with blood, such as were familiar ing that in a new State about to be created we should establish scenes in 1793-hothing of that kind. When a revolution comes or recognize the doctrine that capital might own labor; that one here because of discontent with our economic situation, it will be man might own another man; that one man might sell another the quiet revolution of the ballot, and the assault will be directed man and his wife and child, and that one man could drive with against property and against these elements of the value of prop the lash of a master a man to unrequited labor. The Democratic erty that all recognize to be within the power of the ballot. We party was insistent in establishing that doctrine over the State of put an inheritance tax on our war-revenue bill a few years ago Kansas, and the Republican yarty was called into being to resist amounting to 15 per cent in some cases. We could have made it that assault on humanity. LApplause on the Republican side.] 100 per cent. We could have made it an escheat if we had seen It has been true, Mr. Chairman, to that first impulse. From that fit. Ah, but some mjght say the Constitution would intervene. time of organization up to the present moment it has been the Who make constitutions in the United States? The men who friend of labor. Every great measure that it has conceived or ca t the ballots. has carried into complete execution has had for its purpose, first I am not an alarmist. I am not a pessimist. I look to the and fundamental, the uplift of humanity, the betterm.ent of man bright side of life always. It is the hopeful features of the future kind~ the infusing of more of happiness into the homes of America. that attract me, and yet I can not but believe that if I could not [Applause on the Republican side.] make a living in response to my endeavors as an honest laboring I could go through the whole list of great achievements that man-if I could not make that living for myself and my family, un this party has conceived and executed, and every one of them can der laws and constitutions as they are, I would use the power that be shown to have that direct purpose. I remember that a little I had to produce changes that would be more beneficial to me, while ago we were told that there were 3,000,000 men out of and I would look to the possibilities of simpler and easier methods employment, men wandering through the streets and along the of the distribution of surplus wealth. And so I believe my intel highways and byways, begging for places to work. I believe ligent fellow-citizens will, if the time ever comes when, under those stories were true. Mr. Chairman, do you remember the the policies of the Government, we look to the support of people time when those stories were located? It was from 1893 to 1890, beyond the seas rather than to the interest and happiness of our at a time when the Democratic party were trying anew the estab own people-when, under the policies of Government, we look to lishment of their policies of antiprotection. I can readily see the maintenance and enlargement of the labor fields of Europe how that might be. rather than the labm· fields of the United States. The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR] yesterday showed The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expil'ed. us how it was that before the enactment of the law, before any Mr. PAYNE. I yield t.en minutes more to the gentleman. overt act had been accomplished by the Democratic party, the Mr. HEPBURN. When that time comes then we may expect mere existence of that party with the power to do evil, the very trouble; but under the policy of the United States, directed by the fact that it appeared as a menance, was sufficient to destroy that Republican party, this labor field is being enlarged, this labor field confidence in business that is absolutely essential to pro perity, is made ample, the wage is compensating, there is comfort in the and especially to the complete employment of our people. We home, and there is no reason why so long as these policies obtain saw the effect of it later on in this great multitude of idle men you or I should take pessimistic views of the future. that were then called tramps. Do you hear anything of that-now? So I think, Mr. Chairman, I am right in the conclusion that I There is labor in every part of this country for every man who announced. That is not because we have now an ablmdant circu wants .a place to work. [Applause on the Republican side.] And lation, it is not because the balance of trade is in our favor, it is there is a compen ating wage for every man-who will perform a not because the people of other nations are sending their gold and day's labor. And it is in this direction;more than any other, their portable wealth to us in compensation for that which they that the wisdom of the Republican party is manifest and the buy from us, it is not for these reasons, but it is because the labor beneficence of its policies is exhibited. field of the United States is enlarged, because employment is more 1\Ir. Chairman, this matter of labor is of very great importance certain, because the wage is more surely compensating, because to the people of the United States. There are twenty millions of the homes are homes of plenty, and because contentment with our men, women, and youths who are breadwinners in the United institutions finds lodgment in the hearts of all of our people that States: These men, women, and youths must have places in this I support this protective policy of the Republican party. [Loud labor field of ours. It is absolutely necessary if our institutions applause on the Republican side.] are to endure, if this Government of ours· is to be perpetuated, if The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from N.ew York is recog our·social order is to be maintained. There must be made from nized. year to year places in this labor field where every man who wants Mr. SULZER. Mr. Chairman, the Cuban reciprocity bill, now a place to work can find it, and a compensating wage. These under consideration in this House, is a step in the right direction, men are the repositories of political power. They have it. It is and I shall vote for it for that reason. theirs. Those who distnouted political power within the United Let me say at the outset that I am in favor of reciprocity-not States did it with absolute impartiality and equality. One man halfway reciprocity, not pretended reciprocity, but true, real has the same measure of political powe1· that any other has. reciprocity; Democratic reciprocity, that will accomplish some Some may have more of influence, some may have more of stand thing for the consumer; reciprocity that will mean something to ing than others, but when it comes to the exercise of political our manufacturers; reciprocity that will continue to develop and power by the voter each one is given the same modicum; no less, build up our growing ti·ade in a greater commercial way with all no more. So that all political power-the power that makes con our neighbors on the Western Hemisphere and give us a more stitutions and unmakes them, that writes laws and repeals them, commanding trade position of a reciprocal character with Canada, that gives elements of value to property and takes them away Mexico, the West Indies, and the Central and South American is in the hands of the laboring people of the United States. States. We need the raw material and we want the products of Mr. Chairman, have you ever thought how many of the ele these countries. They want our manufactured goods. True and ments of value, of property, are the gift of legislation, coming honest reciprocity with them will benefit our manufacturers, help directly from legislation? Why, the mere element of value, of our consumers, and be of inestimable advantage to those countries ownership beyond immediate personal possession, is the gift of and their industrious inhabitants. "Live and let live" should be the law. The savage owns that which he seizes andnolds. He our national motto regarding trade and commerce. laya down the object of his fancy and another seizes it and it is Reciprocity along these lines is true tariff reform, a bright har his. It is ·law, it is society, that lengthens the tenure of possession binger of better commercial days, a firm step forward in the right beyond the mere grasp of him who claims to own. dh·ection, and the knitting together in closer ties of political Mr. VANDIVER. Will my friend from Iowa permit a ques friendship and more amicable trade relations of all the peoplo in tion? North and South America. Mr. HEPBURN. No; your friend from Iowa will not, I thank Let me say now that this bill is not perfect. It does not go far you. enough to meet my sanguine expectations. I indulged the hope The CH.AlRMAN. The gentleman declines to yield. of better things from the Republicans in this House, and believed Mr. HEPBURN. I do not want to be offensive; I only want that they would rise to the occasion, comply with the wishes of to be emphatic. So it is with many other elements of value. The the great majority of the American people, meet the Cubans half value that comes to property from just and equitable taxation is way, and deal fairly and honestly and justly with Cuba, so that of immense importance. Where the right to tax attaches it is trne reciprocal trade relations would for all time be firmly estab without limitation, and it depends uponsocietyentirelythatthere lished between the two Republics. is a freedom from confiscation or approximate confiscation. So It is a matter, in my opinion, to be regretted, Mr. Chairman, it is with the right to bequeath, which is a gift of society. So that this bill can not now be amended and perfected by the ciety can take it away. real friends of reciprocity in this House who want to help Cuba , .... ,...... • 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 367 onward and upward, and at the same time benefit our manufactur afraid to go on record on this question. What a spectacle! The ers and consumers. But the political oligarchy that controls the Democratic party is in favor of reducing taxes on the necessaries proceedings in the House of Representatives has decreed other of life. The Republican party is opposed to all tariff-tax reduc wise, and we are compelled to take this bill with all its imperfec tion, even where the tariff shelters monopoly. No tinke1ing with tions, with all its limitations, and with all its meager concessions, the tariff is the mandate of the Republican party even where just as it is. trust-made goods are sold by tariff-protected industries cheaper At the very beginning of this discussion the Committee on in foreign countries than at home. The tariff is a tax on con Rules, composed of three Republican Members of this House, sumption, and the consumer pays the tax. This high protective brought in a cast-iron gag rnle, which the majority adopted tariff question, which robs the many for the benefit of the few, supinely and obsequiously, notwithstanding the earnest protest is one of the leading issues between the Democratic and Repub of every Democrat here assembled. The adoption of this rnle lican parties, and will be submitted to the people in the next na makes it impossible for us to offer an amendment to this measure, tional campaign for their decision. and at the end of a few days' debate forces us to vote for or Another amendment, sir, I proposed to offer to this bill is to tha against the bill just as it came from the Ways and Means Com effect that all goods, wares, and merchandise going into Cuba mittee. We are prevented from perfecting the bilL We are from the United States, or coming into this country from Cuba, shut off from offering a single amendment. Any motion is shall be carried in American or Cuban ships-built in Cuba or the quickly ruled " out of order," and we must take the bill or leave United States, carrying the American or the Cuban flag, and it, just as a few Republicans on the coLlmittee which reported it manned by Cuban or American sailors. If this amendment desire. were adopted it would do something to aid the restoration of Such a proceeding is a travesty on intelligent legislation, violates the American merchant marine. Republican policies ha"'fe all parliamentary precedent, and makes a farce of the popnlar driven American ships and the American flag from the high branch of the lawmakin~ power seas. I protest against this tyrannical rule. It makes the Members of Here is an opportunity, to some extent, to restore the fiag to this Hou e mere automatons, legislation here a laughingstock, the ocean, but the Republicans refuse to permit me to offer the and representative government a stumbling-block. We have 388 amendment. Why? Because the Republican Members wonld Members in this House, and 385 of them by virtue of these gag not dare to go on record in this House against restoring the rules are simply figurehea '. • 368 CONC:tRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NoVEMBER 19, different from the helter-skelter turmoil, the nervous hurry, and trade with Cuba. It would be beneficial to us and advantageous the everlasting rush of the people of higher latitudes. to the Cubans. It would help the people of both countries, com The Cubans have many problems to work out as the youngest mercially, financially, and politically. [Applause on the Demo Republic in the world, but destiny is with them and they will cratic side.] solve all difficulties of self-government successfully. I have no The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New Jersey [1\Ir. fears for the Republic of Cuba. It has taken its place among the BENNY] is recognized for ten minutes. nations of the earth, and success, happiness, contentment, and Mr. BENNY. Mr. Chairman in the course of his hour's talk prosperity will ever follow its bright new flag; and the island yesterday the gentlemn.n from Ohio-he who a day or two ago an country will as the years come and go become greater and grander nounced, in effect. his determination to defend the Administra and more glorious-a gladsome demonstration that the Cubans tion against every.attack made upon this floor, and who thus vol are capable of self-government and have the ability to work out untarily assumed a burden which may prove too much for even unaided and alone their own future. his willing shoulders, unless this Administration speedily discon Tomas Estrada Palma is making a splendid President of Cuba. tinues its ceaseless hunt for trouble-read what we were led to be Hs is the right man in the right place. His administration is lieve was a complete newspaper news item. I happened at the giving general satisfaction among all the people throughout the moment to have a copy of the same item in my pocket. It is island, and under his sagacious and patriotic guidance the Cuban taken fi·om the New York American of November 16,1903, and is Republic is moving along successfully and harmoniously. Great as follows: credit is due President Palma. He is Cuba's first, and will go BERLIN, November 15. into history as one of her greatest, Executives. He has the abso The Frankfm-ter Zeitung's Constantinople correspondent says the Penn sylvania Steel Company has been awarded the contract for 20,000 tons of lute confidence of everyone, and is doing an enormous work with steel rails for the Mecca Railway, in competition with the Krupps and sev a quiet heroism that commands respect and speaks more eloquently eral other German and Belgian establishments. than words for Cuba's radiant futm·e. Right here the gentleman from Ohio stopped, indicating that The Cubans welcome capital from the States to invest there and that was the end of the item. He neglected-purposely, of encom·age in every way in their power northern progress and course-to read the remainder of it, consisting of only four lines, energy and enterprise. They know it is to their advantage. in these words: They realize its benefits. They see what Mr. Van Horne has ac The price is $22.88 per ton delivered at Beirut. complished in two years for their country. He has opened up The price of steel rails in the United States is $....98 per ton, which is the Cuba's possibilities with a wand of magic, built and equipped a highest average price in ten years. modern railroad from the west to the east, made Habana and San Why did he leave out these last four lines? Simply because he tiago walk hand in hand -sister provinces-added millions and thought it better to withhold from the public gaze this additional millions of untold wealth to her values, made possible thousands evidence that the tariff-fattened steel trust can and does afford to and thousands of new homes and new towns, annihilated distance manufacture its product in this country, ship it thousands of and made the Cubans, from one end of the island to the other, miles away, pay the freight upon the shipment, and then sell it in united and one. He has done and is doing a wonderful work for that far-off land at more than $5 per ton below the price it exacts Cuba. No one who has not been there can fully conceive it. But from its next-door neighbor in the United States. And when I the far-seeing Cubans fully appreciate it. Mr. Van Horne is to asked him if the artiele from which he read also contained these day Cuba's pioneer of progress, the advance agent of her coming omitted words, he stood with the article still in his hands. He higher civilization, the helper of humanity, the guide of the com knew well that the omitted words were there. He was caught, ing generations, who blazes the trail through the primeval forests and knew he was, and knew that we knew it, but even then he that happiness may follow his handiwork. declined to answer the question in the one word that would have Mr. Chairman, let me reiterate what I have frequently said be answered it completely and truthfully: "Yes." But, looking fore on this floor, that I am now, always have been, and always round for a way in which he could jokingly turn the brunt of the will be the friend of Cuba. The RECORD will show that ever situation aside, and failing to find it, he laboriously answered, since I have been a Member of this House I have done all in my "That is right, I suppose." What a monumental conclusion, and power for the Cuban people. I am glad the Cuban Republic has what tremendous reasoning power he must have exerted in arriv taken her place among the nations of the earth. May success, ing-at it! happiness, prosperity, and domestic tranquillity abide with her And while still in the fervor naturally following thi mental forever. effort the gentleman asked me this question: The time is at hand, nevertheless, when we must live up to our . No:v, if the gentleman gef:s the fl~or at ~m e point of time, not necessarily sacred obligations to Cuba. We granted her the freedom and rn this debate, but at any time durrng this Congr e , will he tell me in an official manner ~ow. much harm has been done to the people of the United the independence promised. We have launched this young Re States by breaking mto that monopoly of theKrupps on the other siC.e of the public upon the ocean of nations, and said to all the world, Cuba water and selling steel mils even at a price lower than they can be afforded is free and independent. We must say to every nation she is our for? creation-a daughter of the great Republic-and any interference The gentleman assumes that what he calls the Krupp monopoly with her will be an act unfriendly to the United States. was broken into by the steel monopoly of the United States sell But that is not all. We must grant her immediate trade relief. ing these steel rails at a price so low that no profit was made In a commercial way she is at our mercy. This is not her fault therefrom. it is om· fault. Congress has made it practically impossible for What a farce! The American trust sold these rails at 22.88 Cuba to mm·ket her products in other countries; they must be sold per ton delivered at Beirut. Deducting $5 estimated freight rate here, and they can not be sold in this country at present except at a per ton and the price to the trust is then $17.88 per ton. Is that loss, unless our tariff law is repealed or modified. This must be "less than they can be afforded for?" Has not Mr. Charles M. done at once-it should have been done months ago. The situa Schwab himself, the president of the steel trust, put the cost of tion is serious and admits no further delay. The people want production of steel rails at less than $12 per ton in the United Congress to act, and our honor demands the immediate enact States and about $19 per ton in England? ment of a liberal reciprocity law. We must keep our word-our In the United States Steel Corporation's financial statement of faith is pledged. 1903, as contained in Moody's Manual of Corporation Securities The Republican party is responsible for this deplorable com for 1903, at page 1706, we find that this one corporation for the mercial condition, The Republican party, wedded to its high ye~r 1202 produced 1,!)20,786 tons of steel rails; that its total pro protective-tmiff policy, would rather see the commercial destruc duction of all articles was 8,197,232 tons in the same year, while tion of Cuba than consent to reduce its present system of out its net earnings during that year were $133,308,763.72. rageous high-tariff taxes. Does the gentleman from Ohio believe this Pennsylvania steel When the Congress adopted the so-called Platt amendment, company is selling 20,000 tons of steel rails at a loss? Was it by whichiamgladlvotedagainst,and which, in my judgment, never selling their more than 8,000,000 tons total output at a lo s that should haT"e been adopted, it took an unfair advantage of Cuba; the United States Steel Corporation made net earnings last year but whea the amendment finally became a law the Cubans ac of above $133,000,000-more than $16 per ton? cepted it in good faith, and at our request wrote it into their con Is it not fair to assume that Mr. Schwab's figures are correct? stitution. By virtue of that amendment Cuba is commercially at If so, then this sale of steel rails to be delivered at Beirut carries om· mercy to-day and unable to make treaties of a commercial a profit of about $11 per ton, less the freight charges to that Syrian character with otber nations. Under the circumstances it seems port. If we estimate that freight charge, as before, at $5 per ton,. to me that it is now incumbent on this Government to grant trade there still remains a net profit of $6 per ton, which, based upon relief to Cuba, so that her products can be admitted into this the output of steel rails by the United States Steel Corporation country and sold without a loss. for last year, would yield that company an annual profit on steel So, sir, I shall vote for this bill because I am in favor of doing rails alone of $11,524.,716. something now for Cuba. I want to see Cuba prosperous. I will I stated yesterday that the harm done to the American pur vote for any measm·e to reduce the present tariff duties between chaser of these steel rails is the difference between 22.88 and $2S this country and Cuba. In my judgment we should have free per ton. That is too low. Since the trust here sold those rails at . CONGRESSIONAL ;RECORD-HOUSE. 369 $22.88 per ton delivered at Beirut we should deduct from that Export and home prices-cOntinued the $5 per to1;1 estimated freight charge to be paid by the trust, Percent which leaves $17.88 per ton as the net price to the trust. Ameri Article and description. Export price. Home price. of differ can consumers are paying for the same material $28 per ton, a ence. difference of $10.12 a ton in favor of the purchaser in foreign lands. At that rate, and estimating the consumption of steel rail Shovels: in the United States this year at the total output of these rails for Baxter,sock. strap ______dozen__ $5.83 to 6.52 fT. 50 to 8. 40 29 1902 in this country, viz, 2,872,909 tons, the'' harm" this year to Rowland, plain back ______do____ 6.12 to 5.83 6.75 to 7.00 29 Thoma~ c. s. b. st's ------____ do____ i-19 to 4. 95 5.4.0 to 6.00 29 American consumers of that particular product will amount to Tin plates,.t:Sessemer _____ 100 pounds.. 3.19 4.19 31 $29.073,839.08. The "harm" to American consumers of other Typewriters, Renilngton and oth- products, handled in the same way by other trusts, is beyond ers--··-----·-· ---·------each __ 55.00 to 65.00 100.CO 54 to 82 Wire, barb: I computation. Does the gentleman from Ohio mean that break- Galvanized ...... lOO pounds .. 2.25 2.90 29 . ing into the Krupp monopoly on the other side of the water by Painted or varnished ______do .... 1.86 2.60 40 Wire, plain, fencing, varnished.do ___ _ 1.35 2.00 4.8 the American trust has benefited the people there? If so, will he Wire, plain galvanized: not admit that by removing the duty upon steel rails of $7.84 per Gauge 4 to 9...... do.... 1.54 2.70 75 ton and assisting in the '' breaking into '' the steel trust here our Gauge 10 to IL •...... do____ 1.62 2.97 83 own people would be benefited? Gauge 12 ·------········----do.... 1. 76 3.10 'i6 Gauge 13 to 14. ------····-do ____ 1.81 3.37 85 Are we to infer from the gentleman's remarks that extortion Gauge 15 to 16 .•...... •... do.... l 2.08 3. 78 Sl in this country is not wrong if practiced on the railroads that Gauge 17 ---···--·--···------do____ 2.46 4.05 6;j 4.32 64 purchase steel rails? The Democratic position is that, without GaugeRubber, 18 insulated ------do.... ______25p.ct.off2.63 for regard to whom it is practiced on, extortion is always wrong, export. and when permitted and encouraged by our laws is a political Steel armor, for cables ... pound.. 3. 75 4.15 11 crime. The Republican party fosters these combinations and Wire rope: 1 inch circumference ....lOO feet.. . 72 2.60 261 enables them to force from our people an exorbitant price for Galvanized, 2t inches circumfer- their articles of daily need, a price much in excess of that at ence_----- •..... _...... 100 feet.. 3.12 9. 70 211 which these same articles are sold by these same combinations in the various foreign markets of the world. a Cheaper in Russ".a than in United States. This does not refer to steel rails alone, but to many articles and The gentleman from Ohio asks, "Who cares what they get at varying percentages of difference in their home and export then, for steel rails (in foreign markets)." Nobody here need prices, some of which are contained in the following table: care very much about how much or how little any trust get3 in Export and home p1·ices. foreign markets for anything it produces here, except for the pleasm·e Americans feel in the success of Americans abroad; but Percent when we see these trusts selling at a profit in foreign lands the Article and d~ription. Export price. Home price. of differ things produced by them in .the United States at very much lower I ! ence. prices than they sell these same articles here for it is time we stop and ask, " Why and how is this done?" And when we find that Acetylene-gas generator, Colt, 10 light ··------·· ...... ••...... each .. $(0.00 $55.00 37 the Republican party has so manipulated our laws as to permit Ammunition caps: the people of this land to be robbed by this system of extortion BB round ______per 1,000 •• LOO 1.(9 43 it is our duty to call attention to it, and to do what we can to Central fir~..! .32long, Colt ..do .... 0.4.8 9.00 Rim fire, . / 1903. ·cONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 371 freight charge hom Kalamazoo to Chicago, so that it would cost WHAT IS RECIPROCITY? the Michigan producer of beet sugar $4.141 to land 100 pounds of Mr. Chairman, much has been said recently in regard to reci his product in the Chicago market, while it would cost $4.35 for procity in competitive products. I do not believe there is such a the Cuban planter to do the same thing. thing as reciprocity in competitive products. In my opinion, W. L. Churchill, president of the Bay City Beet Sugar Com reciprocity in competitive products means free trade. If there be pany, stated: any reciprocity it must be, in effect, an exchange of unlike prod The succeeding year, which would be 1900-1901, we had learned a. little mm·e ucts under the most favorable conditions. Let us take, for in about our business. The first year we were in the kindergarten class. We stance, a very homely illustration. Suppose my honorable friend got out of that into the ABC class. Then we produced sugar for $3.96 per hom Missouri [Mr. CLARK] manufactures nails and I am en hun~ed pounds. I want you to bear in mind all the time that the farmer gaged in manufacturing the same product. As between us there comes in and is a great factor in th:iB matter. We paid the farmer $2.51 for the sugar contained in the beet as he delivered it to our bins. can be no reciprocity, there must be nothing but keen competi The CHAIRllAN. I am a little anxious to know how you came out the next tion. But if the gentleman is engaged in producing sugar and I year. am engaged in manufacturing nails, there might be some reci Mr. CHuRCHILL. I am frank to say, 6'entlemen, that I have not a full, de tailed statement tha. t I can make to you m regard to this year; but I can assure procity between us; there might be some reciprocal agreement you that we will make sugar this year at a. cost of not to exceed $3.60 or $3.75 made between us. But reciprocity must be in unlike ·products. per hundred pounds. · I do not believe in the idea of reciprocity in competitive products, The CHAIRMAN. You think it will be between those figures? Mr. CHURCHILL. Yes. because reciprocity in competitive products, in its last analysis and carried to its logical conclusion, must mean free trade, noth Assuming that the freight rate is 13 cents a hundred, it would ing more and nothing less. cost that company not to exceed $4.05 to lay down 100 pounds of My fri9nd from Iowa has already called attention to the fact its product in the Chicago market, as against $4.35 for the Cuban that McKinley has been misquoted. Let us see what McKinley planter, a diffel"ence in favor of the home product of 30 cents a said: hundred, a difference great enough to lift the Michigan grower By sensible trane arrangements, which will not interrupt our home pro above the possibility of harm from his dusky competitor. duction, we shall extend the outlets for our increasing surplus. Francis K. Carey, president of the National Sugar Manufac Which will not interrupt home production! That, to my mind, turing Company, of Sugar City, Colo.,gives the freight rate from precludes utterly the idea of reciprocity in competitive products, Sugar City to Kansas City and common points as 25 cents per 100, unless, as in this instance, the schedule is sufficiently high to en and the cost of producing beet sugar in Colorado as follows: able us to make the reduction without seriously affecting the home I My opinion is that during the first campaign our sugar cost us all the way product, and unless the schedule is sufficiently high for that pur from 7 to 9 cents, according to what you allow for deprecia. tion~,. what you call betterments, and what you ca.U operating expenses, and whetner you do or pose there can be no legitimate reciprocity, do not allow interest on the cost of the investment. I think that for the first What else did be say? two campaigns we will manufacture between nine and ten million pounds of sugar, at a.n average cost of about ot cents a pound. We should take from our customers such of their products as we can use When we get through our third campaign, I think the total sugar manu without harm to our industries and labor. factured for thetht·ee yeal'S will not have cost us over 4 cents. In making Can that mean competition? Can that mean reciprocity in com this ln.st calcula.tion I am estimating on the future; but I am anxious to make it Jlla.in that I believe the cost of sugar in Colorado under norma.l conditions, petitive products? I can not believe it. which wo will sooner or later have surrounding our factory, ought not to be And so, speaking for myself, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of over 3 cents a pound, and I a.m. not afraid to fJay that I will some day ma.nu the committee, I want it understood once for all that voting for factm·e it for less than that sum. If I had not thought so, I would not have invested my own money or the money of my friends in the industry in Colo this reciprocity agreement does not bind me, nor shall I consider rado. In other words, I think Colorndo is the natural pla-ce to produce sugar it obligatory upon me in the future, to vote for any reciprocity for consumption in America. It is not a case of "protecting banana.s grown agreement in competitive products because of these words of the under glass." If I am mistaken in my belief that sugar can be grown in Colo rado for 3 cent3 or less, I am free to ::J.dmit that I have no standing before this great ¥cKinley. I believe in reciprocity where we can have reci committee and have no right to ask for the protection of my industry. procity in coffee or in tea, or in those things the like of which we do not produce in this country, and can not with sufficient encour COST Oll' MAKING BEET SUGAR IN UTAH. agement produce in this country; but if we can produce them in Thomas R. Cutler, president of the Utah Sugar Company, shows this country we ought to. If we can raise them in this country we that the beet-sugar industry of Utah l;las nothing to fear from ought to. We ought to do om own work. [Applause on theRe Cuban competition. He gives the average cost to his company of publican side.] That is the fundamental principle of protection. refined beet sugar for five years as follows: 1897, $4.51 pe1· hun Then I am in favo1· of passing this bill because it in no wise inter dred; 1898, $4.46; 1899, $3.55; 1900, $3.55; 1901, $3.42. The aver feres with the protecti-ve ta1'iff. I am in favor of passing it be age cost of producing sugar for these five years was $3.86 per cause it does not affect injuriously a solitary American industry. hundred, and the average selling price has been $5.76 net, or a I am in favor of it because it will enable us to secure a trade with clear profit of $1.90per hundred. Cuba of from one hundred and fifty million to two hundred mil These figures show conclusively that there need be no fear on the lion dollars per year. I am in favor of it because it will do full part of the American sugar grower that his industry will be in justice to a struggling people. I am in favor of it because I be jured by this legislation, but, rather, with the assurance given lieve that our moral obligation-takllig away the commercial and him by the provisions of this act that no further reduction in the the industrial idea connected with it and putting it upon high tariff on sugar will be made for five years, he may feel encouraged ethical grounds-I believe that our moral obligation is such that to prosecute his work with renewed vigor and renewed hope. we are in conscience and in duty bound to pass this bill. I commend to students of this subject the careful study of the NOT A ONE-SIDED MEASURE. bearings before the Ways and Means Committee on this proposi tion, and also the exhaustive and convincing speech of Ron. What has Cuba to offer in exchange for this proposed reduction? CHESTER I. LONG-now a Senator from Kansas, then a member As the chairman of the committee has so well said,'' This is not of the Ways and Means Committee-when the same subject was a one-sided proposition, but, instead, a real reciprocal agree- before the House in the last Congress. ment." · And so my justification for voting for this measm·e, Mr. Chair I shall not go into detail in this regard, but content myself by man, is the fact that it can not injuriously affect the production inserting a table showing the trade between this country and of beet sugar in the United States. For, as my friend the honor Cuba before reciprocity with that island was established by the able chairman of the committee [Mr. PAYNE] has remarked, and McKinley bill, while it was in operation, and after its repeal by the as :Mr. (now Senator) LoNG of Kansas remarked, and as ~Ir. Democratic party. (now Senator) DoLLIVER of Iowa remarked, the sugar schedule Imports inro the United States from Ouba. was placed comparatively high in the Dingley law in order to af [Years ending June 30.] ford trading stock in the future for reciprocity purposes; and so I believe, and I believe most profoundly, that the importation of this amount of sugar at a 20 per cent reduction can not in any Principal articles. I !BOO. 1893. 1B96. I lllOI. wise affect the production of sugar in the United States. If I thought it would, it should not have my vote, because I stand by Total (all articl~s) ______$:53,801.,591 ~-78,706,506 $«l,Ol7,730 I $-13,423,~ the ancient faith of the Republican party, protection, outlined as 35 4ID 594 60,637,631. 24,102,835 26,373,690 in all of the platfornlB of that great organization. ~~1:~~ =:=~:::::~::==~~==~:~=== 3:679:m6 1,081,084 128,474: 991,1'16 Furthermore, it may be said, in passing from this branch of the Leaf tobacco------·-· '1,106,233 8,940,058 10,613,468 9,83{,849 FruitsCigars, and cigarettes, nuts ______etc----··----- _ 3,96-'1,955 2, '166,502 2,078,275 2,an,94:9 subject, that even after the proposed reduction of 20 per cent the 1,795,886 2,389.~ 1,178,004 911,561 rate on sugar will still be about 65 per cent, which is higher than Vegetables ______------· 39,049 67,042 40,265 31,002 Hides and skins _____ ------283,627 Zl'9,153 184:,281 19,765 the tariff rate on any other import save alone tobacco, the aver Wood, unmanufactured______age rate on all importations being a little under 49 per cent, so 515,000 l,(J71,593 600,942 810.826 h·on ore------566,417 00,943 521 310 6i3,4U that there is no cause for undue alarm at the prospect of the pas Asphalt, etc ______27,492 25,992 7:628 19,162 sage of this bill. 372 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~OVEMBER 19, Expm·ts from the United States to Cuba. that knows anything about legislation that it is a system of give [Years ending June 00.] and take, and that every tariff bill that has ever been enacted into law during om· history is nothing more than a series of com Principal articles. 1800. 1893. 1896. 1001. promises, and so, with 386 men, with their clashing interests and conflicting claims, coming to make a tariff bill, it would be just Total (all articles)-······· $13,084,415 $2!,157,008 $7,500,880 $25,964.,801 as full of inconsistencies and incongi"Uities and iniquities as the 1====:======1======1==== present system, and in making a tTansfer from this bill to that Bacon and haniS ----······ -····· 550,801 1,317,829 734,54.0 1,070,436 bill we must of necessity scatter something of terror and dismay, Lard______2,23J,B21 '·023•917 1•551•185 2•811•006 we must of necessity inJ·ure some institutions, we must of neces- Wheatfiour...... 1,164,538 2,821,557 647,057 2,080,129 Corn...... 258,775 682 050 93,201 817,827 sity close some factories, we must of necessity unnerve some Total breadstuffs .••..••••••••.. 1,520,617 3,512;207 774,792 3,180,232 arms. to some extent we must paralyze the confidence of capital, ~:~;~~~netS~~==~~==~~~======~·: m:~ ~:I~ ~:: and the Republican party does not intend to do that now. [Loud Oil, crude and refined------695: 'ill 514,808 3-!8, 745 509,539 applause on the Republican side.] Animn.Is______12,sro 29,ill 121,881 2,079,918 But why should we do it? Why, our Democratic friends soon 100 341 36 826 105 397 t.~c~:X:t!!i,~~cf:a.~Uiac:· l26,!S2 • • • after Mr. McKinley was elected President came to us with a sneer turesof ______2,'Hl9,804 6,691,929 769,356 3,800,9e5 andsaid, "Whereisthisboastedprosperityof yom·s?" And if we Cars, carriages, etc------262,829 587,616 40,874 ~,511 had only succeeded in giving a measure of prosperity they would Coal______722•856 931•571 613·ill 1•004•341 still be sneering at us; but by and by the sneer chang-ed into Cotton manufactures...... 1!0,318 148,182 63,834 386,037 ~ Leather, and manufactures of_ 194, 1m 181,476 'i5, 481 474, m alarm, and to-day the Democratic party is terrified at the gigantic Paper, and manufactures of--- 205,779 159,895 69,314 24.0,004 proportions of this prosperity. Why, they say we are getting too Wood, and manufactures of..__ 1,21ll,476 1,881,005 400,396 1,539,355 rich, building up too much of wealth, making tremendous aggre- gations of capital in the United States, and gigantic combinations A careful study of this table will show that reciprocity with of wealth that far outshine the fabled wealth of Ormus and of Cuba then caused our export trade to that island to almost double. Incl. It is so big they are scared at it. But my friends were only Why will it not do so now? That it caused our imports from frightened by a shadow, and because it is big we must not be that island to advance $.2G,OOO,OOO then. Why will it not do so scared, because it is only a shadow. now? Now, they propose to revise the tariff because they say that it is Our total trade with her in 1890, both imports and exports, injurious and builds up these tremendous combinations of capital, amounted to $G6,886,006. Under the beneficent influence of Me- and because they are strong, and are great and are wealthy. Kinley reciprocity, such as is proposed in the pending measure. it Well. if a revision of the tariff would affect those great interests, sprang to $10'>,864,204, an increase of $35,978,198. When the powerful and wealthy and strong, and their strength and power blighting hand of Democracy was laid upon the McKinley law and wealtb uould be affected, what must of necessity be the ef and our 1·eciprocity agreement with Cuba destroyed, our trade fed of a change of the tariff upon the ten thousand smaller in with her decreased from $102,864,204, in 1893, to $47,548,610, in terests that are not so strong and powerful and wealthy in this 1896, or a reduction of $55,305,594. nation of ours? It must of necessity crush them all, and thus What reason have gentlemen for asserting that reciprocity blot out the only competition these great interests have to meet with Cuba will not work so well again? Why should we not by within the ·ccnfines of our nation. Is not that true? And so thE:re this means secur~ control of the entire trade of that is~~? Why is no reason why we should revise the tariff at this time. Let it should we not bmd these people to us by commer~1~ ties? By alone. We are doing well under it; we are the most marvelous the Platt amendment w~ assumed much of responSibility for the I nation in the history of the world to-day. We are standing upon future conduc~ of that .ISland, and we should honestly endeavor the magnificent summit-of prosperity, aud the only thing on earth to mak~ our aims her aims, our hopes her hopes, and so. w~ld t~e that throws its shado-w ·athwart the futm·e of this mighty nation two nations together that our duty shall be the more easily dis- of ours is the Democratic party. That is all. [Laughter and charged. . applause on the Republican side.] LEI' THE TARIFF ALONE. I was much amused yesterday at the efforts of my glib-tongued But, say our Democratic friends, shall we never revise the tariff, friend from Missouri [Mr. CLARK] to show that Mr. Foster had Mr. Chairman, that question is not legitimately before us now, made up his mind to issue bonds because of the financial condi but, unfortunately, our Democratic friends have not been discuss- tion of the United States at the time when HaiTison went o.u~ ing the pending measure. The gentleman from New York [Mr. and Cleveland went in. There was something of accusation and SuLZER], who has just taken his seat, complained because he had denial and crimination and recrimination in that discussion. but listened to this discussion for four days and had heard nothing it seemed to me it amounted to nothing. I do not know whether about the bill before the House. That is true. But who com- the Secretary prepared to issue bonds or not. I do not know pelled this discussion? The Democrats, not the Republicans, com- whether he prepared plates or not, nor do I care. · pelled it. We were willing three days ago to take a vote on this What I do know is this, J'tfr. Chairman, that after Grover proposition, but they wanted to debate and they wanted to discuss Cleveland was elected President of the United States there came and they wanted to harangue for the purpose of confusing, of be- a change over this country. Everybody knows that. Every fogging, of throwing dust. They wanted to talk about free trade, body knows that the merchants quit buying, ·because they did to talk about a revision of the tariff, and all that sort of thing. not know what the price of products would be the ne::o..-t day. Well, shall we revise the tariff now? Mr. Chah-man,.is there any Everybody-knows that the factories quit running, because the reason why it should be done at this particular time? No. We manufacturer did not know what the price of his ware!:\ would be are doing well, the best any nation ever did in all the history of the next day. Anil everybody knows that the wheels stood still. the world. Let us keep on doing well under the same old idea. Everybody knows that these great hives of industry were deserted [Applause on the Republican side.] We are to-day the most and that the great S"/!l.Okestacks stood above them like tombstones prosperous people on the face-of the earth, and I shall not recite above our ruined prosperity. Everybody knows that countless facts and figures, because we know that in and of ourselves. Let thousands of laborers tramped the highways of the nation out of us keep on letting well enough alone. money and out of food, and that they marched to Washington in Ah, but my friend from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMs] said that Coxey-armies in order to ask for re:tief. Everybody knows that we worshiped tariff schedules, that we had made the schedules soup houses were erected in e'b')l'Y city and village of the land to of the McKinley bill a fetich before which we bowed down and feed the people turned out of doors by this policy. worshiped, and that we did homage to all the various schedules. Everybody knows--that we began importing more tban we ex Not at all. How can we improve the present bill? I admit that it ported, and that the balanc<:) of trade was against us, and that the has many inconsistencies and many incongruities, and some of its yellow tide of gold flowed from our shores to Europe in order to schedules might be changed. But how can we get a better bill? make up-that-balance of trade. Everybody knows that the end Where is there a better bill? Why, in the mind of the gentleman less chain was instituted that- drew the gold out of the Treasury from Mississippi. But, unfortunately, the tariff bill which exists in order to pay the cuiTent expenses of the Government, leaving in his mind has no force extraterritoriaily. us bankrupt and with a deficit on om· hands. Everybody 1~ows Why, the gentlemanfromNewYorkhas a tariff bill in his mind, that whatev-er Mr. Foster may or may,not have done, it is quite and the gentleman from Connecticut, from the same committee, sure that Mr. Cleveland did issnebonds; that he did plunge us into bas a tariff bill in ~is, but the two _gentlemen do not agree. Now, debt $.262,000,000; that he did mortgage the present and pledge the the gentleman from Mississippi LMr. WILLIAMS] has a perfect future in order to try the very policy these gentlemen would now tariff bill in his mind, and the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. adopt. Whoever heard of an endless chain under a Republican RoBERTSON] , from the- same committee, has a perfect tariff bill in Administration? It is the product alone of incompetent Democ his mind, but neither one agrees with the other. There are 386 ra.cy. [Applause on the RepnbL"'can-side.] men in this House, each one of-whom has a tariff bill in his own And, Mr. Chairman, we all know that in 1892 we stood on the mind, but when you-pnt.a tari1Lbillon paper mid-make it legisla- summit of prosperity; aRd-we know that- a year later we were· tion, that is an enth·ely different proposition. Everybody knows floundering in the quagmires of despah·. 1903. . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 373 What caused that mighty upheaval? Why, sir, the only change all the people of this world will be seen standing there with open that occurred was in the tariff policy of the country. We had hands and outstretched arms ready to receive the products of our the same farms and the same farmers; we had the same labor factories and our farms; and not only that, but, please God, to and the same capital; we had the same inexhaustible resources, seize the golden truths symbolized by every star upon the span and yet at the one time we were never so properous and at the gled flag of the free. [Applause on the Republican side.] other time we were never so depressed. What did it? The tariff We have given to this country a market, and we propose that policy of the Democratic party. [Applause on the Republican th_at market sha~ be exten~ed; and thus, with sound money, and side.] With open factones, and mth abundant markets, our prosperity We all know too, sir, that in 1896 we were still camping on the is assured. What if some schedules are not what they ought to lowlands of despair, but that in 1897 the fogs had lifted, the be? What if there are some irregularities and incongruities? clouds had disappeared, and we found ourselves marching up the Look at the tremendous progress we have made under this bill. mountain steeps toward the sunlight and toward the most mar Let us let it alone. It is good enough for the present and it will velous era of our history. What did it? be good enough for a few years yet to come. [Applause on the Why, the only thing that happened between those two periods Republican side.] of depression and prosperity was the election of a R~pu blican But, Mr. Chairman, what is the attitude of the Democratic President. That is enough to know. [Applause on the Repub party upon this bill, in so far as the Democratic party can be lican side.] And the people who went to school during the free said to have an attitude on this or on any other subject? What trade period of Mr. Cleveland, the people who sat on th~ sharp is it? Well, the honorable gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. RoB side of a rail and ate Democratic soup, know too much to get into ERTSON] is a member of the committee, and he says this about that scrape again as long as they have sense enough to stay out of the bill: an insane asylum. [Laughter on the Republican side.] It seems to me that this kind of reciprocity is absolutely impossible under What is the ideal condition of a country? Why. Mr. Chairman, a Democratic tariff. the ideal condition of a country is, first, a sound money. The This bill is impossible under a Democratic idea. Is RoBERTSON money must be safe and sane and sound. It can not be made the a Democrat? I do not know. Do you? I do not know what it ship of gamblers, the tool of speculators. It must be good every takes to constitute a Democrat, and so I do not know whether he day and everywhere and must be worth 100 cents in every money fills the full measure of Democracv or not. market of the world. And then the gentleman from ·Texas [Mr. CoOPER], another The Republican party has given you that condition. What is member of the Ways and Means Committee, bas an opinion. the second condition of a nation's prosperity? The steady employ What does he say? ment of its laboring people at remunerative wages. Ah, has labor It ina:ugurates the policy of reciprocity, which, aR now advocn.ted by the ever been so steadily employed as to-day? Have wages ever been Republican party, is as undemocratic as a tariff for protection, and which so high as to-day? And my friend spoke well when he said that has been aptly called the •· handmaiden of protection." this tariff question was a question of labor, for it is. From skin Is CooPER a Democrat? I do not know. Do you? And then to core and from core back to skin it is a question of labor; and when the Ways and Means Committee met last year it had~ this steady employment we have given the laboring people and man on it by the name of NEWLAND~, who is now a United States these high wages we have given them, and it has enabled them Senator from Nevada. He has received a deserved promotion to make the glorious civilization of to-day. Why? Why, you What did he say about it? can not talk to me about moral progress or intellectual advance N:or sh~uld the tariff reformer be misled by the suggestion of reciprocity. Rec1promty does not mean free trade. It means the extension of the policy ment on the part of a man whose nose is kept to the grindstone of protection to other countries. from year's end to year's end earning a pittance, every dollar of Is NEWLANDS a Democrat? I do not know. Do you? Now which must be spent in the shape of clothing for his back or food some of these gentlemen assume that position, but what about for his stomach. the other fellows? Why, the honorable leader of the minority No, there must be something more than that. There must be the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMS], had this to say comfort in the home and hope in the heart. And to do this he the other day on the floor of the House: must have an extra dollar. And it is the extra dollar we are giv The D~mocra tic p~rty does recognize that the pending bill is a Democratic ing the laboring people to-day that make us what we are. It is the mei1Sure m every prmmple. extra dollar he is not compelled to spend that goes into the house. It is the extra dollar that has dotted the country all over Now, I put ROBERTS~N and CooPER over against WILLIAMS, with peaceful and happy homes, the very bulwark of our civili and you may tell me, If you can, what the Democratic party zation. It is the extra dollar that puts the carpet on the floor r.eally ~hinks about this proposition. [~aughter on the Repub and hangs the picture on the wall. It is the extra dollar that lican Side.] Why, they say they are gomg to vote for it. Cer puts the piano in the corner of the room. It is the extra dollar tainly, and so are we. And yet, with an inconsistency which is that Clothes the little boy. It is the extra dollar that puts the characteristically Democratic, they propos.ed to introduce amend book under the arm of the little girl and sends her down to the ments to it here which they knew would kill it. They said they schoolhouse built by the extra dollar, in order that she may be did not want to kill it by introducing the amendments. They come a useful woman. It is the extra dollar he puts into insur acknowledged that the amendments would kill it, and at law we ance to make provision for his loved ones after the strong arm all know that every man is conclusively presumed to intend all bas been unnerved and is forever stilled. It is the extra dollar the natural consequences of his act. They knew that the amend that he puts into the great benevolent and fraternal societies that ~ents would kill it. They ~sclaimed any idea. of killing the makes possible the glory of this civilization. It is the extra dollar bill, and yet they wanted to mtroduce an amendment which that has called forth the marvelous bud and blossom of our great would ha-ve had that effect. There is more Democratic consis civilization, and whenever you strike down the tariff you strike tency. down the ability of our people to earn the extra dollar, you bring Ah, but the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. WILLll.MS] said that them into merciless competition with people who have no extra this is a Democ).'atic measure. Why, think of it. These Democrats dollars, and you strike a blow at the very vitals of our American absolu~ely pl~dge t~emselves in this bill against voting for any civilization. [Applause on the Republican side.] reduction on one sohtary pound of sugar from any country in all The Republican party bas given you the second requisite to the world for the next five years~ and yet they claim that is a free prosperity. The third is a market for our surplus. No matter trade proposition. They absolutely pledge themselves not to vote how much we make, if we can not sell it stagnation results. for any reduction on any sugar from any country for five years, Mr. HUGHES of New Jersey rose. and yet they say that is an approach to free trade. Well if that The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Indiana yield to is !l'n approach to free tra~e. the.Republicans can stand fom: square the gentleman from New Jersey? w1th them on the proposition and be well pleased with the result. Mr. WATSON. No; I do not want to hear from the gentle ~y, M!'. Chairman, what is the attitudeof the Democracy on man from New Jersey. this question? Does anybody know? What difference does it The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman declines to yield. make what their attitude is? Whatever their attitude is to-day Mr. HUGHES of New Jersey. Will the gentleman answer a they may change it to-morrow, for if there is anythin It is only an appearance. sistency which characterizes many of them, especially upon this They believe Judge Parker would make a. strong ca.ndidate, but if some question, they have declared meekly and amiably that they in other man is stronger they want that man nominated. Tennessee Demo tend to vote for it. Their logic is bad or then· action is inexcus crats want to win. [Laughter on the Republican side.] able-perhaps it is a question as to which is worst. There, gentlemen, is the Democratic platform. That is the sum The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR], asked to unfold and substance of it all. It does not make any difference what a the righteousness of the proceeding when the steel trost sells steel man believes. It does not make any difference what the platform rails to Germany for $22 a ton and "holds up" the American for is upon which he stands, if he can win. And is there a man here $28 for the same quantity and quality of the same article, told who doubts that if these Democrats thought that they collld re about how the merchant in October and November ells for 50 habilitate and regalvanize William Jennings Bryan and win with cents each articles the duplicates of which brought 1 in May and him on a platform of 16 to 1 that they would adopt that platform June. and nominate the man and go into the campaign with him? Is From this happy illustration of the point of the argument for not that so? Why, of course it is. That is the history of this refusing to revise the tariff, so long as the steel trust and the other party for the last forty years. like trusts, from their own blissful experience, shall continue to Ah, how d:ifferenfly situated are wei Every time I go into a pronounce it good, we might conclude that there are S . There is an issue which it is easy to put and easy to understand, For the favor of those who rule here in the House he has for and which we mean the gentlemen upon the other side shall be gotten the meu far away on the prairie or among the pine stumps. compelled to meet. We recognize conditions as conditions are, the men out where the sugar beets grow, the men to whom he and they must do it also. whispered his words of affection, into whose ears he poured the We are not bent upon any crusade to destroy any element of sweet songs of his love while seeking their votes. He has for real prosperity in this country, but we are determined, if we get gotten them, has harkened to the voice of the tempter, and has the power, to strike down, as far as· we can, the nefarious crea fallen away from them; but the day of reckoning is coming for tures which have sprnngupin this country, designated and known him, and when it arrives, then, through every agency by which by the general name of "trusts," that prey upon and rob the opposition may be heard, the call will be made upon these people American people. In so far as the tariff builds up and shelters to say what they think of him and his doings. [Loud applause these evil institutions we shall make upon it relentless war. In on the Democratic side.] so far as it may have the effect of developing and advancing the Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I yield three minutes to the industries of this country, by equalizingtaxationandopportunity, gentleman from Alabama [Mr. THOMP&:>N]. · we shall stand by it, not make an assault upon it. What shall Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. Chairman, an old negro preacher down be done with this schedule; what shall be done with that? What iii Alabama began his sermon by saying: "I thank de Lord that shall be done with regard to the tariff upon this item or that item? those who are not for us are not agin us.'' The Republicans of These are plain, practical questions. Gentlemen shall not divert this special session of Congress, like the old negro preacher, can us from them to abstract discussions of free trade or protection. exclaim that those who are not for us are not "agin" us, but they The country has settled upon the policy of raising a consider are not receiving the support they are getting from this side of able part of its revenues by tariff taxation. Whenever a tariff is the House with apparent good grace. imposed upon any article whatsoever, the like article, if pro I construe this bill providing for reciprocity with Cuba as a duced in this country, is a "protected" article to the extent of Democratic measure, because it carries out, to some degree at that tariff whatever the object of the laying of that duty and least, Democratic principles, and for that reason, as well as for whatever its effects in other respects. As we shall have for years the further reason that it strikes me as a practical business propo and years to come, and perhaps during the entire life of the sition favorable to the business interests of the United States, nation, a tariff covering thousands of articles, bringing millions which when enacted will give us, if not now, in the near future, of dollars in revenue into the Treasury of the United States, the cheaper sugar for the consumer and enlarge and increase our question will be and the question must be from time to time export trade with Cuba oil terms more profitable to our people. always a shifting question, liable to change, and changed from I can, therefore, with impunity lay aside my prejudice against time to time by developments and incidents and accidents and it by virtue of its origin from the Republican side, and look at it events in our own land and theworldover-Whatought the duty strictly from a business and not a political point of view, and give to be now? Is the duty right or is it wrong now? it my unqualified support. . I could vote for it with fuller and To. that question, laying aside all quibbles and all speculations, freer grace if the majority of this House would permit us to laying aside all this grandiloquence about what the Republican further amend the bill by taking off the differential on sugar, party is said to have done, about what the Republican party has thereby giving the consumer in the American Republic a real and professed; laying aside all these arguments of coincidence, what not a speculative benefit. . answer are you going to make? Is this Dingley tariff to stand as The subject of this debate, the subject of the pending bill. the it is, with all the inequalities, hardships, and injustice in it, with subject of this very session itself, is reciprocity. It is well, there huge trusts sheltered by it, or is the tariff to be corrected? Is fore, at the outset to understand fully what reciprocity means. · it to be amended? Is it to be changed where it needs change, Reciprocity is a word derived from the Latin prepositions '' re '' where the wisdom and justice and desirability of change are so and'; pro," which, being molded into the adjectives" recus" and plain that no man can deny the virtue of the claim that change "procus," signify" backward" and'" forward." The combined ought to take place? That is the question upon the tariff, and Latin adjective "reciprocus" thus comes to mean "moving back upon that question we will meet you and fight it out. ward and forward," or" alternating," or" mutually exchanging." Now, either this bill is right enough for passage or wrong Hence, our English adjective" reciprocal" and our English noun enough to merit defeat. Some gentlemen say it ought to be de "reciprocity," meaning a mutual exchange or interchange. In feated. If those gentlemen sincerely wish to defeat it, why did connection with a treaty or agreement between two nations, they not help to vote down the rule and have it amended? Let " reciprocity" is defined as " equality of commercial privileges them answer to their constituents. The man who believes this between the subjects of the different governments in each other's bill ought to be defeated and who voted against the rule, voted ports with respect to shipping or merchandise to the extent estab- for an opportunity to amend it, and who votes against the bill in lished by the treaty." . its present form, is consistent. The man who claims that the bill In this case the proposed reciprocity, or" equality of commer ought to be defeated, but who voted to take away all the oppor cial privileges," is between the citizens, respectively, of the tunity that existed, directly or indirectly, to defeat it or to change United States and the citizens of Cuba. it, stultifies himself. We are called here in extraordinary session to consider the If he is honest to his constituency, he has demonstrated his wis reciprocity treaty · or convention with Cuba, which the Presi dom, as well as his honesty, by efforts to amend the bill. If he is dent of the United States thinks is expedient and necessary to be dishonest, he has added to dishonesty folly, because the pretext of ratified. expediency is so transparent that he who runs may read through it. I differ somewhat with the President on this, as well as other But gentlemen say we on this side would risk the defeat of this subjects not now under discussion, and I think it was entirely bill. Of course we would risk it. When the question comes be unnecessary to convene Congress in extra session for the consid tween legislating for the people and ''protection '' to the sugar eration of this treaty. I believe this work could have been done trust by increasing the mighty, overshadowing power of the fully as well and that it would have subserved all essential pur grasping, grinding trnst, then, on this bill or any other bill, we poses and saved the Government thousands of dollars if it had are against the trusts and against the policy which the trusts been permitted to go over to the regular session in December. dictate. We are in favor of striking off the differential, sugar But the gentleman who presides in the White House seems to trust duty. We are in favor of the amendment of this bill, and be an" extraordinary" being and to enjoy doing things in" ex then !if this bill be not passed for that reason-because of the traordinary" ways. He has demonstrated to the country that he amendment-as for that reason the other Cuban reciprocity bill constitutes the Republican Pl!rlY by an overwhelming majority. was not passed, then we shall have another demonstration, a sec In the Fifty-seventh Congress, when this very same subject was ond demonstration, for the American people that the party in the under consideration, Members coming here from the beet-sugar majority in this House and in the Senat-e, dominated and influ districts, derisively called'· blanket Indians" by their brethren enced too largely by interests that are adverse to the welfare of on the other side of the Chamber, showed the courage of their the American people, will not do that which is fair and just, be convictions by rebelling against the power of the Administration. cause the mighty agencies to which they bow in humble sub Now they are as humble as " dumb, driven cattle." They com mission decree tha~ they shall go the other way. placently kiss the Executive band which has smitten them, and Let the man who regards party organization rather than fidelity patiently cry," Enough!" to constituency appeal in the hour of his peril, appeal in the dark The President has demonstrated his strenuosity and poten day of his disaster, to the party organization. Let him raiEe his tiality. In the counsels of his party he is ;• lord of all he sur voice and call upon the party to save him rather than call upon veys." Aggressive~ arbitrary, and autocratic, he has literally his constituents, against whom he has turned and whose rights compelled not only the leaders but the rank and file of the dear here he has given away, sold out-I do not say" soJ.d out" in the old'' God and morality party" to depart from the" straight and corrupt sense, because I charge nothing of that kind-bartered narrow path " of a high protective tariff policy and to take one for the hope of a good place u:pon a committee, for the smiles of first step toward the accomplishment of a Democratic triumph the gentleman who presides as Speaker in the chair which you toward the permanent establishment of the Democratic policy of now, Mr. Chairman, temporarily occupy. a tariff just sufficient to raise a revenue necessary to defray~ • 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 377 the legitimate expenses of honest government economically ad population increases it will become more and more necessary to ministered. foster and encourage manufacturing among our people. Senator The Republican chief priests, whose features we have all learned MORGAN said in a speech in Montgomery, Ala., recently delivered to recognize in this House, who so delight to minister at the before the legislature of that State, that he believed the solution shining altars of protectionism and to burn incense in the presence of the labor question would be by means of the use of electricity. of their heathen god, the golden calf, prostrate themselves in the He said: dust at the feet of his "majesty," and now rend their garments, The congested condition of our people in and around our large manufac turing enterprises, whose education is being neglected and physical develop claw their faces, tear the hair from their own anointed heads, ment dwarfed by working their children in factories, could be remedied by and declare with loud acclaim that the sea wall Bgainst the ad placing electricity where it could be rented by small manufacturers, and mission of Cuban sugar must totter and fall to the earth. thereby making them the owners and operators of their own manufacturing When another decree goes forth from the White Honse to re plants. move the duty on some other favored and fostered industry, not Let us now examine the pending treaty or convention and see withstanding your slogans of " stand pat" and "let well enough what it is that we are asked to ratify. alone," you Republicans will again obey his imperialistic com Article I of the treaty stipulates that all the products of either mand and willingly vote at his beck and call a reduction of the the United States or Cuba that are now on the free lists of the tariff on some other article of everyday necessity. two countries shall continue to be on the free lists. The Republican baby, just now crawling toward the light, will Article II provides that all other products of Cuba shall be ad yet grow up into vigorous Democratic manhood. The infant will mitted into this country at a reduction of 20 per cent of the regu yet learn to walk in the pure fresh air of genuine Democratic lar tariff rates of the United States. tariff reform to be occasioned by reciprocity with other nations. Article III provides that all the products of the United States Yon will learn by degrees, "line upon line, and precept upon not included in Article I and not enumerated in Article IV shall precept.'' You will overturn your heretical theories and accept be admitted into Cuba at a reduction of 20 per cent of the regular correct Democratic principles and doctrines promulgated for the tariff rates of Cuba. government and guidance of all classes and conditions of men, Article IV specifies certain products of the United States which "t:he common mass.es of the 'common' people." Laws which are to be admitted into Cnba at still greater reductions of the enable the few to grow fat and sleek with insolence and pride at regular rates-iron and steel manufactures, copper manufactures, the expense of the many will be swept away. The lamb and the glassware, earthenware, etc., at 25 per cent reduction; most cot lion will lie down together, and the devil will be chained for a ton manufactures, linen goods, paper, cutlery, boots and shoes, thousand y"Sars. soap, various articles of food, etc., at 30 per cent reduction, and Yon, my friends, on the western side of the center aisle, have woolen goods, silk goods, knit goods, perfumery, watches, and been for many dismal years sitting in the region of darkness. At some other articles at 40 per cent reduction. last you are beginning to behold the morning light of truth break In a subsequent article it is stipulated that all these reciprocal ing in through the shadows of doubt-" black Vesper's pageants." rates shall be preferential in respect to like imports from other In the solitude a bird of heavenly plumage eve"Q. now is singing to countries; and then follows the singular proviso attached to the yon the song of repentance and radiant hope. In the desert a treaty by the Senate last March, after the document had left the sparkling fountain of joy is gushing out from the jagged rocks of hands of the plenipotentiaries who drew it up, which proviso distrust. In the wide waste of your despair a green bay tree of stipulates that during the life of the treaty there shall be no fur splendid promise is already extending to yon its long arms of affec ther reduction of the duty on Cuban sugar and no reduction tionate welcome and protecting care. ''In the wilderness'' you whatever of the duty on sugar coming from any other country are listening to the clear, ringing voice of Democracy, .like the besides Cuba. This proviso, thrown into the treaty at the last prophet of old crying," Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make moment, obviously in the interest of the sugar trust, I believe to His path straight.'' The immortal Shakespeare, in Henry VI, ac be certainly unconstitutional. I do not believe that it can stand curately describes your present pt·edicament when he puts it in against the scrutiny of the courts for an instant. . the mouth of one of his characters to say: If the majority in this House had not stifled all amendment and In that hope, I throw mine eyes to Heaven, ruled out all alteration of the pending bill, and if the House were Scorning whate'er you can a.ffi.ict me with. at liberty to modify the measure, as it ought to be and would be My Republican friends, I congratulate you upon the movement e~cept for the arbitrary action of the controlling power here, I you have inaugurated, upon the first forward-march step you have no doubt that this obnoxious proviso.wonld be expunged by taken. After a little while nothing of your boasted party princi vote of a large majority of Members-here present of both parties, ples will remain. for the principle embodied in the proviso is as injurious to one You will then, no doubt, be in such mellow mood as to be able party as to the other and a fatal stab at the vital right of repre sentative government. Did I not firmly believe that this grave to appreciate the words of the poet: assault on our liberties will be nullified by the courts, nothing One by one the roses fall, Drop by drop the spring runs dry; could induce me to give it even an indirect sanction. One by one beyond recall, The bill would be greatly improved by the addition of the Summer flowers droop and die .. amendment proposed by the minority for taking off the differen Now, in considering the question of reciprocity with Cuba, the tial duty on refined sugar. Such an amendment, it will be fe first thought that occurs to me is this: That if it be the purpose membered, was proposed and adopted in the reciprocity legislation of the Administration to benefit the consumers of sugar in the of 1902. If adopted now, it would beyond question have assured United States we should go still further with our propositions to a genuine benefit to the consumers of sugar in the United States, the young Republic of Cuba, which enjoys her freedom and inde and if a vote could be had upon this propqsition now there is no pendence at our hands at an expenditure of $250,000,000, and we reason for doubting that the result would be the same as that of should say to her: '' You may send all of your raw sugar material last year's vote; but under the drastic n1le adopted by the Re to us free of duty." Then the American consnmermight realize publican side of the House, prohibiting the consideration of some benefit therefrom worth speaking about and the sugar refin amendments of any kind, the House is obliged to take the treaty eries of the United States would get the benefit of refining the as it stands or nothing. entire prbduct of sugar in Cuba, thereby giving additional em Excepting the obnoxious proviso just alluded to-an essentially ployment to American labor. extraneous matter, and one not germane to the subject in hand While our country has been enjoying great prosperity for some the treaty commends itself to myself as a Democrat, and I believe years in nearly every section, so far as the producers, manufac it commends itself to most of those on this side of the House as turers, and dealers are concerned, there has been but little real Democrats, because, although it is offered as an Administration gain or benefit therefrom for the laboring man in the United measure, under Republican auspices, it is in line with Democratic States. His rents have increased, his grocery bills have become p~nciples, at least appro~at.ely._and .seems to go in the right higher, and all that he eats or wears or consumes in any way direction, though not farm that duect10n. We support the bill, comes dearer to him to-day than it ever has done before since the therefore. on the principle that a half loaf is better than no bread, abnormal times of the civil war. It seems to me, then, that in and that it is a measure acceptable to Democratic faith and prac- making treaties and framing legislation to control the importation tice, though only in a small degree. . from other nations of commodities to be consumed by our people Reciprocity as a general principle commends itself to the De our first duty is to protect our own laboring people by seeing to mocracy as a rule, because it is calculated to benefit the consum it that they shall have at least the necessities of life at the least ers of the products imported into our country and to reduce the poss{~le cost. . tariffs of other countries on the products of the United States. While I realize the fact that it takes money to run our Govern In the present instance reciprocity with Cuba would be calcu ment, and that our principal source of revenue is the tariff, I am lated and intended to benefit the American eonsnmersoftheprod a strong advocate of reducing the duties on all raw material that ucts imported hither from Cuba by diminishing the duties upon comes to our shores, and thereby encouraging and aiding our them by 20 per cent and to benefit our own producers ana man manufacturersand enabling them toemploymore labor. As our ufacturers by enabling us to enter our products into Cuba ~t 378 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. N OVEl\IBER 19' red11Ctiongof 20, 25, 30, and40per cent of theregnlarCnban duties under the new arrangement could be sold here at a corresponding on those products coming into Cuba from the world at large. reduction. It is contended in some quarters that no such reduc· So far as I am concerned, I would gladly go further than is now ?on ~uld result in the price of sugar, because the price of sugar proposed in our concessions to Cuba. I would gladly give our 1s sa1d to be fixed at Hamburg, Germany, and to be independent Cuban ward absolute free trade in every respect and in all our of the supply of cane sugar. Then it seems to me that the price different lines of products. Thus we would vastly benefit both in this country must be ~ept up .bY artificial means, and largely, ourselves and the Cubans by selling them all they buy and by buy no doubt, owmg to the differential duty on refined sugar which ing from them all they sell on mutually advantageous terms. our Republican brethren insist upon for the benefit of th~ sugar There is no doubt in my mind that the United States holds a posi trust, because even if Germany is the greatest sugar-producing tion of peculiar and uncommonresponsibilitytoward Cuba, mainly country, we get very little sugar from Germany or from any other on account of the obligations express~d or implied in the Platt beet-sugar producing country. amendment in limiting Cuba's treaty-making powers, etc. That The bulk of the sugar which we import comes from Cuba and we should therefore show our good will and sympathy for Cuba from Java and other cane-sugar localities. In the last fiscal year we by giving her at least reciprocity is greatly to be wished. The hn:ported about 2,000,000 tons, valued at about $72,000,000. Of chief objection to its proposed application in the present case, as this more than half came from Cuba alone-something over it seems to me, is that reciprocity with one single country alone or 1,000,000 tons, valued at nearly $43,000,000, as I have just now with two or three or four countries alone is a partial and one shown-while about 350,000 tons came from Java, valued at sided reciprocity and may expose us to retaliation and reprisals by $13 000,000; less than 200,000 tons from South America valued at other less-favored nations. But even granting this objection it a little over 6,000,000; and from Germany only 31.120 tons, val appears to me indisputable that the proposed reciprocity with ued at a:bout $1,000,000. We consume annually about 2,500,000 Cuba is in the line of tariff reform, and therefore commendable, tons, or JUSt about one-quarter of the sugar produced in the whole so far as it goes. world. If Cuba furnishes us with 1,000,000 tons, or two-fifths of Bishop WaiTen A. Candler, of Georgia, one of the leading bish what we consume, and if one-fifth, or 500,000 tons, is produced ops in the Methodist Church and one of the ablest men of this by ourselves in this country, including Hawaii, and more than age, said_recently on this subject that: one-fifth in Java, the British West Indies, and other cane-sugar countries, it seems peculiar, to say the least, that the European By the Platt amendment we claim the right to supervise Cuba's relations with other governments. Will we forbid her tradi.ri.g with others advanta beet-sugar countries should have so much to say about what the geously, and then force her to trade with us at prices forced upon her by our price of sugar must be in the United States. power? This is to force her "to trade at the company's store" in a way that The high sugar-tariff advocates told us last year that Cuban would disgrace a ra~acious corporation which should undertake to _gr!nd the life out of its operatives. Orl to state the case in other wordsJ it IS for this sugar could not dictate prices here now, but that if Cuba should great Government to play tne dog in the manger act. Surely so great a · ever be able to supply to us our whole foreign import of sugar- power will not hold up and rob its own ward. To do so would dishonor us 2,000,000 tons-that is to say, just about twice what she furnishes before the world. Moreover, our duty and our interests coincide in this instance. We do not to us now, then she could dictate the price here, and the price make sugar enough to meet our wants, and we need what Cuba has. She here would be lowered. If she could do that when she furnished needsourcottongoodsandagricultura.limplementsandotherofourproducts. 2,000,000 tons, I do not see why she can not have at least some But she can not buy from us to advantage unless she can sell to us profit ably; ships have to have a load both ways. We lose much Cuban trade as the effect on the price here when she furnishes 1,000,000 tons as she case stands\ and what we sell to her is a sort of forced trade, which is next do~s no~. And especially do I .think that some effect u-Pon the door to roboery. . pnce will be felt as soon as this contemplated reduction of 20 The inspiration back of the disposition to go wrong in this matter is the superstition of a protective tariff, and the Democrats have not had in years per cent in the duty on this enormous total of 1,000,000 tons is put such a chance to blow up the defenses of that abominable system as thiS into .ope!3tion. In like manner it ~ reasonable to expect are case of Cuba supplies. The protective tariff has been for years a kind of duction m the cost here of Cuban cigars and cigarette tobacco arctic wave with high pressure in the North bearing down with blasting effect upon all South of the thrifty saints who profit by it. It was at its best under the new aiTangement, as also of Cuban fruits sponges and in the Civil war and became accustomed to live by the blood of the slain, and other dutiable articles which we import from Cuba on a iarge now it would make of none effect the blood of men who fell in Cuba, and all scale. Speaking in a general way, the amount of the rebates that it may fill its pockets at public expense. It has not a shred ofprinciple nor a shadow of expediency to justify its attitude as to Cuba. It simply amo'?llting to se-yer~ millions of dollars annually, ought to b~ stands on its miserable self-interest m seeking to have this Government conSidered as gomg mto the pockets of our taxpayers. In this dishonor its pledges and adopt a. policy of folly. way the taxpay~rs would save 20 per cent of eight millions on sugar Let us look into the subject practically and in detail, and see · alone-that bemg the amount of revenue realized by our Gov how the pending treaty or convention would work in everyday ernment at present from the duties of Cuban sugar under the business intercourse and industry. existing tariff rates-unless the sugar trust by some hocus-pocus The principal products of Cuba are sugar and its by-products, m~ges to keep the p~ce up and shoves the 20 per cent of eight molasses and spirits; tobacco, both unmanufactured and manu millions, or $1,600,000, mto 1ts own capacious pockets. This lat factured; iron ore, manganese ore, asphalt, and other mineral sub ter result certainly will not occur after the Democratic party as stances; lumber, vegetablefi.bers,andotherforestproducts; fruits, sumes the reins of power in this country in 1905. vegetables, live stock, hides, and other animal products; coffee, Now let us see how reciprocity with Cuba would work from sponges, wa.x, and honey. Most of these products are in constant this end of the-line. Cuba has a population of about 1,650,000. demand and nearly universal use in the United States. So far They consumed in the last fiscal year products of the United as sugar, molasses, tobacco, pineapples, bananas, cacao, cocoanuts, States valued at something over $20,000,000. That, too, happened iron ore, mahogany, and other tropical woods are concerned, the t.o be a bad year for us, and our exports to Cuba may be said to market for those Cuban products in this country may be said to average annually $25,000,000 in value. They consist largely of be very large indeed. According to the official figures contained breadstuffs, coal, cotton manufactures, iron and steel manufac in the valuable monograph," Commercial Cuba in 1903,'' recently tures, machinery of various sorts, leather manufactures lard, published by the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Com bacon, hams, oils, anbnals, dairy products, wood manufa~tures merce and Labor, the United States took from Cuba during the etc. The Cubans also are importing at present about the sam~ fiscal year 1903 1,069,610 tons of sugar, valued at $42,697,546. amount,-or a little more, of these and other products from the This was nearly 100,000 tons more than Cuba's total sugar crop other ~tions of the world. Is it not to be supposed that with of 1903. In other words, we have taken the whole of this year's reductions of 20, 25, 30, and 40 per cent in their tariff duties in crop and a large amount of the reserve stock besides. Our im favor of American goods they would soon be buying much more ports of Cuban tobacco during the same fiscal year amounted in largely .of us, all along the line? It 'Yould be contrary to human value to 13,141,646; of Cuban pineapples, to about $1,000,000; of nature if they should not do so. This country can furnish them Cuban bananas, about the same; of Cuban iron ore, to about a with everything they want, and with such reciprocity advantaO'es million and a half, and of mahogany and other valuable woods to it is reasonable to believe that that is just what this country nearly a million. On most of these and most of the other articles will do. of Cuban production the United States levies import duties. As having an important bearing upon the objects of the pend Our total im-ports from Cuba amounted in the last fiscal year to ing legislation, I beg to submit in this connection an extract from nearly $63,000,000 in value. Of these, probably at least $60,000,000 __Dun's International Review for November, 1903, in regard to were dutiable, the sugardutiesrangingupwardfrom what would the resources and future of Cuba, as follows: The principal elements which determine the commercial future of a. conn amount to 50 per cent ad valorem to perhaps 100 per cent ad try are, its natural resources, proximity to the world's markets and trans valorem, the tobacco duties amounting to all the way from 100 portation facilities, the intelligence, energy, and thrift of its in.ho.bitants and to 300 per cent ad val~rem, and the other duties certainly reach the wisdom and honesty of its government. These factors have not been ing an average of 25 per cent ad valorem. It is easy to see, there stated in order of relative importance. Considered under these heads, what should be the commercial future of Cuba? This question may be~;t be an fore, when such a large proportion of these $60,000,000 of dutiable swered by making an analytic examination of the elements just stated. imports consists of sugar and tobacco, on which the duties are so The natural resources of Cuba consist of a. soil of unsurpassed fertilitr less heavy, that a reduction of 20 per cent in the tariff on imports from than 10 per cent of ~hich has ever been touched by hoe or plow, and a c:mhate so equable and berugnant that the workman can toil without danger to hfe Cuba would result in a great saving to the consumers of those or. very great discomfort, exposed to the ray-s of a summer midday sun and articles in the United States, as such articles imported from Cuba With no biting frosts to benumb his body and limbs in the dawn of a. winter 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .. 379 d&y. 'l'he island is seldom visited by disastrous storms or floods.. ana periods when reciprocal trade relations between the two countries were in force, but ot protracted drought are rare. The advantages of the soil a.nd elimate for t}?.ere was a very marked differen~ in imports as compared with the pre growing sugar cane are probably unri:valed, while the existence of properties ViOUS year, as shown by the followmg table of percentages: which produce a tobacco of unequaled flavor in that large section of the province of Pinar del Rio known as vuelta. abajo is too well known to need ~in ------~~~an~ I Fmnce ______~-~enft comment. The soil and climate of Cub& generally are. especially a..d&ptea to the cul B=~~~-~::::::::::::_:::::: ii Germany------It tivation of oranges, pineappl~ bananas, and other tropical fruits, w bile cacao and coffee of excellent quality are grown in the mmmtainous province of The following tabla of imports a.nd exports. exclusive of coin, for the four Santiago de Cuba, within whose confines and those of Puert{) Principe are years succeeding a most disastrous civil war indie&tes the wonderful re still to be found millions of acres of forests of the. moSt va.lna.ble hard woods. sources of the country: Henequen, or Wsal hemp grows wild in some parts of Cnba, a.nd the culti vated plant produces a fiber superior in quality to tha.tof Yucatan. Its pro Exports. Imports. duction will doubtless in time become one of the important industries of the island. Navigable streams are rare. but this is a natural consequence of the narrowne 1 of the island and is not a serious defect, as the north or south eoast is within a. short distance of a.lmost a.ny point in Cuba. Numerous $t'}, 007' ax> $66. 783l 100 48' 904o, 6(X) 66, 658, 6(X) other advantages of the island could be enumerated. but the most conclusive 63,278,400 66, 584,, (XX) proof of its resources can best be shown bx the Government statistics of its 1001 ::=.: ::-=:::::=:=:::::::=--====:=:=:: foreign commerce for18!)4, the year immediately prior to the outbreak of the lll02 ------~------M,Wo}, 700 60, 584:, 800 la.st war, which, excluding gold and silver coin, were as follows: . The tendency of trade is most clearly shown by the following tables of ~~~=-=::~::::~::::::::::.::~::::~:::::~=::::::::::::::::::.=:: $1~:=:~~ unports: and expom, by percentage, durmg the same period: Percentage of imports and exports. leaving a trade balance in favor of Cuba of S2i,963,373.09, or about $13 pen capita. Ther& were export as well as import duties in 189! and these figures IMPORTS. do not represent the true value of impo~ or exports. Cu~ is within three or four days of most of the principal cities of the United States,. its natural market, whose population of SO,OOO,!XX> could easily coDSlliile the entire pro ------!'--1-BOO__ lOO_L__ ~etion of the_island. The matter of distance from the markets. of Europe ._r_uoo___~_ , ___ ~--1-~---- lS of no great rmportance, as Cuba.' pel'isha.ble exports have an excellent ma:r;ket in the United Stn.tes, while the question of time has been solved b;v Per cent. Per cen,t. Per cent. Per cent. r. p1d stean;t tra~ortation, and tha.t of rates is being regula. ted by competi United States------43.7 43.8 42'.2 41.6 tion of the mcreasmg number of European lines. Great Britain------H. 7 15.6 14:.3 15.2 The iuternal transportation facilities of Cuba have been very deficient up Spain ____ ------··------16.6 14-.7 H. 3 15.7 to a recent date and are still far from fil1imt the requirements of the com munity. The question has been partially so1ved for 111 large district in the ~:.;:~:::~::::::::::::::::~:::::::::~ ~.z i& t~ g eastern part of the island, which has heretofore la:c.ked railroad facilities hy the building of the Cuba. Railroad, extending from Santa Clara. to San~o EXPORTS. de Cuba, with t;w:o branch ~es nearly completed;, and the building of the Cuba. Eastern Railroad, now m course of construction; the extension of the Western Railroad, nearing completion. The extension of the Cardenas and United States------·------83 68 76 76.9 J.ucaro Railroad 1:.? Cienfue_gos, shortly to be~, willS:ssist largely in the. solu 5.9 ll2 9.4 9 tion of t he question of railroad transportation, while the construction of 2.5 L6 Ll 1.7 country r~d.s, in whieh the Government i3 showing commendable zeal, is 3.5 11.3 6.7 6.2 slowly solvmg the problem for the farmers. Water communication, not only ~0~~~~=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: 2.9 2.6 2.1 2 pe~een ~he ports of the island, but also with the United Sta.tes and Europe, 1B mcreasmg, and Cuba. has no cause for complaint in that direction. It must be admitted that on the score of intelligence the masses are some By some writers ft is said tha.~ the introduction of suga.r cane into Cuba was made ~Y Velasquez. the first lieutenant-governor of the island in 1523. but w~t deficient, but this is due largely to the lack of educational facilities from a.ccordi:llg to the most authentic Spa.nisli historians its introduction did not which the country"sufft.u:ed up ~ the time of American occupation, :md as take place until the la.tte! part of the sixteenth century, when cuttings were the Gov~ent.lS devoting co!undera.ble thou~ht aJ?.d money to this unpor tant subJect an Improvement m the degree of mtelligenee is to be expected. brought ~om the Spam:sh colony of Santo Domingo, where its cultivation !tad be~n lll:troduced by Columbus nearly a. century earlier. For many years 7'he eame amount of energy found in the northern climates is not looked for its cultivation wa.s confined to very small areas nea;r the principal towns it9 ~ the Tr~pics; it does not exist in Cuba, nor is it as necessary: where nature 1B so prodigal and outdoor work can be performed without difficulty twelve limit~d produ~tion being attributed p~cipally to a. lack of slaves. In order months in the year. The Cuban is not a drone, even though he has not the to ~ulate !t5 gx:o:rth decrees were ISsued by the Spanish Government energy of the northern l'aces. In thrift the native of Cuba is more deficient g:ranting speCial pnvileges. to- cane planters. among others being the prohibi than in either intelligence or energy, but it should be borne in mind that the tion o~ atta.ch~ent f9r debt of ~uga.x J>rope~es or their sale under foreclosure. 90mmerce and even a considerable portion of the agricultural interest of the Notwithstanding this P!Otection and the- high :~;mceof sugar which prevailed lSl.and Me in the hands of Spaniards; the thriftiness of whose middle and !50 cents per pound ha.vmg been realized in Spam for the most inferior grades lower classes can not be questioned. m the la.tter part of the sixteenth century), the growth of the industry was very slow until the last part of the eighteenth century. Last. hn.t not leJ!St. of the factors which contrib~te to the prosperity of a country are the WISdom and honesty of the governmg classes. Considering Between li60 and 1770 exports of sugar amounted to about 3 !XX) tons per annum, and there was but little increase until after the revolution of the th~ ~k o~ e~rience of the Cubans in self-government, one of the most sur pnsmg things lS the small number of mistakes which have been made. a.n.d negroes in Santo Domingo, which occurred in 1791. The burning of the ca.ne. fields of that island, the emigration of many planters to Cuba and their Iegis~~on thus far has been very wisely negative.; but a very much more surpnsmg fact has been the standard of honesty p1·evailing in all ~he ISSua.nce of a. ~ecree permitting the Ulll'estricted importation of s~ves departments, especially in view of the centuries of corrupt government mto yu~ for a penod of~ years gave a great stimulus to the industry. Pro which they have witnessed. The wisdom and honesty of the a.dril.inistration duction mcreased so rapidly that there was an overproduction in 1808 which of the affan-s of the Government are attested by the treasury balance of over however, was due principally to the severe commercial restrictions then pre~ W!LS S!,OOJ,OOO, :wherea:s_less than $500,!XX> was t~U"J?-ed over to them in May, 1902, by yailing. This condition of affairs _relieved in 1809, when a decree was the Amencan military government. This mcrease of o-ver $3,500,000 in less ~~by the governor of _Cnb~ pernutting the shipment of sugar to all coun than 18 months has been made without additional taxa.tion, with no decrease tries m vessels of any nationality. The crop continued to- increase in size in educational facilities or sanitation, and public works have by no means amountin~ to 'j() The quotations above given were the .Plices on .April 1 of each of ·the years named, that date being selected as bemg about the middle of the grind and to establish still more amicable relations between the people mg season and representing about the average price realized by the planter of our own country and the people of this young Republic, which for his sugar. The price of cane sugar has lately been controlled by the is in reality a ward of the United States. world's beet-sugar production, which has grown from 50,000 tons in 1840 to 6,146,000 tons in 1901, the last-named amount representing 63.7 per cent of the Another argument in favor of the pending treaty is that it deals total sugar production. The very life of the cane sugar industry has been in such large measure with the necessities of life. Sugar used to tlu•ea.tened by the European bounty-fed beet sugar. The Cuban crop of 190'1! be considered on~ of the luxuries fifty years ago, but it has grown was sold at a. loss and the average margin of proft t on the crop of1903 has been small, the fact that any margin was realized being due to the damage to the to be recognized now as an essential of civilization, and a very European SUfi_ar-beet crop of last year resulting from unfavorable climatic important one, too. All Americans are free consumers of sugar. conditions. The adherence of the various nations represented at the Brus In fact, there is no article of food, except perhaps flour, in such sels convention to its action in abolishing bounties on sugar gave the Cuban planter renewed hope, which is further strengthened by the belief that the general and abundant use in this country as sugar. The tropical .Amertcan Government lS at last about to partly fulfill the promises made to fruits of Cuba, too, have become almost a necessity here. Con its infant protege by favorable action of the legislative branches on the treaty sider the tremendous consumption of bananas in this country, of reciproci~ negotiated between the two countries. The g_uestion as to whether cane sugar can successfully compete in cost of and also of pineapples and cocoanuts and other Caban fruits, production with beet sugar will be answered in th~ affiriDB.tive or the nega some of which are dutiable and some not, but all of which will tive, depending upon the person of whom the question is asked. The man be made more available to our people by such a treaty as is now who has lands t<> sell for sugar-c:me cultivation and sugar-mill constructing engineers and promoters will assert that beet sugar can not possibly live proposed. Consider also the advantages which it offers to the without protection, while the average Cuban planter will reply that cane Cubans in enabling them to get more readily and cheaply all the sugar can not be produced here below 2 cents per pound. .A European expert, many necessities of life with which we can and do supply them. in an article recently published on the beet-sugar industry, states that the average cost of production of beet sugar in Germany is 1.77 cents per J?OUnd. One of the cardinal principles of Democracy is the equal taxa That the cost of production in Cuba has been steadily reduced is derued by tion of all, equally collected, either directly or by tariff duties, for none, and there 1s room in most cases for further reduction. The average the purpose of raising revenue to defray the expenses of an hon cost of the crop of 1903 is believed to have been a tri.tle below 2 cents per pound, and some specially favored plantations doubtless made their sugar at est government economically administered. As Democrats, we something less than 1t cents, although it is doubtful if public acknowledgment favor this proposed reduction of the tariff on sugar, because it of this fact would be made by any of them. That sugar can be produced in will tend to lighten the burdens of the consumers of sugar in the Cuba at 1t cents or even lower is not doubted, but in order to do this four con ditions will be necessary, viz, land much o.bovethe average in fertility, ma United States. We only wish that we could have an opportunity chinery of the most improved type, favorable location, and very efficient to lighten them still further by taking off the differential tax, management. which, as so clearly and concisely explained on Monday last by The present area of land in Cuba devoted to the cultivation of S1lgar cane is estimated at 600,000 a{}res, or something over, and lTI mills ground this the Hon. GEORGE B. McCLELLAN, the recently elected mayor of year. Santa Clara is the great sugar-producing province of the island with New York, is the "difference in rate of duty between the refined Matanzas second, the combined crops of the two representing nearly ~5 per and unrefined sugars," and thus becomes the measure of '!the cent of Cuba's total production. The great province of Puerto PrinCipe, the second in area and first in arable land in the Republic, has but three sugar protection given the sugar refiners of this country." I wish sin estates within its bounda.ries, wherell8 it is capable of producing a greater cerely that we could give the sugar consumers of this country the crop than is raised by the entire island. .About 90 :p_er cent of its soil is vir benefit of this differential protection. gin land, due to thefacttha.tup to about a year ago 1t had praGticallynorail road facilities. During the past two years the sugar production of Santiago In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, let me say that I believe the time ' Province has been largely increased by the establishment on the northern ought to come, and will come, when we shall extend this reci coast of two of the largest estates in the island, both of which are owned by procity principle in every direction, for our own benefit and for .American corporations, one being the Chaparra Su~r Company, the other the Union Fruit ComJ?Rny, the estate of the latter bemg known as "Boston." the benefit of mankind in general. I believe this great and The sugar estate hav1J!g the largest output the past season was" Caracas," mighty nation of ours, with its splendid citizenship, its inventive the property of Terry Hermanos,located' in the southern portion of the prov- genius, and its wonderful resources, can well afford to invite the ince of Santa Clara, with a production of nearly 80,000 tons. • It is estimated that about 65 per cent of the sugar cane is grown by "colo trade of the whole world on reciprocal terms, and thereby exteri.d nos," some of whom cultivate on land belonging to the centrals, while others and broaden the markets for our products and attract hither the raise the cane on their own land. The latter are known as "independent lion's share of the commerce and trade of all natioiiB as by an colonos," and are better paid for their cane as a rule than the tenant plant irresistible loadstone. ers, re~eivin!! from the tiilll owners in sugar or its ~uivalent in cash from 5 r.er cent to 'T per cent of the amount of cane delivered, while the tenant I am proud that the representatives of Democracy in this House 'colono" receives from 4 per cent to 6 per cent, the amount paid in both have the courage to rise above any prejudice against this measure cases depending on locality. From lack of funds most Cuban planters allow the cane to ratoon for too because it is presented to us by the Republican party and vote long a. period instead of replanting. There is a diversity of opinion as to the for it as" one man" on the high plane that it is, as stated in the length of time cane should be allowed to ratoon before replanting, but the most beginning of my remarks, a business proposition which, when intelligent planters seem to think that the best results can be obtained by re planting in from four to seven years, according to the quality of the soil. carried into effect, will do the greatest good to the greatest num The custom here is to allow it to ratoon from eight to twelve and even fif ber and emphasize one of the cardinal principles of Democracy. teen to twenty years. Cane has been 1."nown to produce in Cuba for a much Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I now yield to the gentleman longer time than the last-named period. The yield of cane decreases yearly after the first year's planting, but the percentage of sucrose is greater in old from New York [Mr. SCUDDER]. than in new cane. The average proportion of sugar obtained from cane in 157 centrals ~rinding in 1901 was 9. TI per cent. [Mr. SCUDDER addressed the committee. See Appendix.] . In olden tunes the juice was extracted from the cane by means of mortar and pestle; later on wooden rollers driven by oxen power were used, and Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, this is a very these gave way to iron rollers driven by the same power, which were super much more important question in its remote bearings than in its seded by the _powerful grinding machines known as mills, driven by steam immediate presentation. -It is well that it should become the ve power. There is but one sugar refinery in operation in the island, and this IS located at Cardenas and owned by the Cuban Sugar Refining Company. It hicle of a good deal of talk on public policy. The gentleman from has a capacity of 400 barrels per day and furnishes practically all of the white Indiana [Mr. WATSON] said a moment ago that we upon the sugar used in the island. There is another old refinery at Cardenas, which Democratic side were anxious merely to talk, and that we had has not been in operation for some years. There are n. number of centrifu ga.ls in the island, known as centrifugal turbines, where sugar is whitened to forced upon the House this talking match. Mr. Chairman, I want some extent by steam. The island consumes about 40,000 tons per annum. now to recall the fact, so that the country may distinctly remember The amount of capital invested in the sugar industry of the island is esti it, that as the mouthpiece of this side of the House I asked unani mated at about $100,000,000, and the value of the crop of 1902 was about ~32.. - 000,000. Cuba's most valuable sugar crop was gathered in 1894, when, accora mous consent to give up all our right of talk if we could. have ing to Government reports, it reached the sum of nearly $80,000,000, due granted to us just one vote, a vote upon one single amendment, largely to the fact that it had free entry into the United States. With favor an amendment for which a great many gentlemen upon that side able climatic conditions the next crop will probably reach 1.100,000 tons, which competent authorities believe to be about the limit of :production with of the House voted in the Fifty-seventh Congress, an amendment the present supply of labor. The modification of the immigration laws of intended to stab at the vitals of the American sugar trust as the Republic, which are the same as those of the United St..'l.tes, is generally best we might under the circumstances, an amendment which o.dvoc::~.ted by the planters and commercial classes. The present laws exclude the peas~nts of the Canary Islands, on whom Cuba has always largely depened passed the Fifty-seventh Congress. So that it is not true that for the cultivation of its sugar crop, and more especially for its harvesting. the Democracy was not willing to " do business," to use the That the adoption of the pending treaty of reciprocity with the United words of the late lamented Speaker Reed. We are ready to do States would stunu1'1te the industry to some extent is generally admitted, but the pretended fear of the beet-sugar people that their industry would be business now; we are ready to come to any terms whatsoever, seriously menaced by a reduction of one-third of a cent per pound of the almost, if you will just give us a vote, a yea-and-nay vote, upon duties on Cuban sugar is groundless. an amendment of that importance to the American people; an Any man who, after reading this description of Cuba's capaci amendment striking out of this bill a precedent of a very grave ties and possibilities, can doubt the value of Cuba's market to us and evil import, a precedent attempting to bind-ineffectually, but must be of a very incredulous and pessimistic cast of intellect, it still attempting to bind-the American Congress and the American seems to me. treaty-making power as to their conduct in the future. Another aspect of the matter which should not be overlooked MI·. Chairman, the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. WATSON], in is this: The Methodist Church and other Protestant denomina the course of the even and somewhat rhetorical tenor of his re tions are at present expending a great deal of money and effort marks, asked a question. He said, "What isthe proper definition in the cause of the Americanization of the citizenship of Cuba by of protection?" I shall undertake to answer that question now, sending thither the gospel of religion and the gospel of education. and if he is a shorthand reporter I hope he will take the reply The financial and commercial aid of our Government at this im down: Protection, Mr. Chairman, is a system of taxation where portant junctm·e will tend to accelerate this Christian movement by many are robbed in order that a few men may be hothoused 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 381 by legislation into artificial prosperity. [Laughter and applause of hothouse production to another, or from a production which on tho Democratic side.] As a supplementary definition, protec was not hothoused at all into a hothouse production. Would tion is a system of taxation whereby capital and labor are deflected yon have increased the demand for labor? Not at all, because from naturally profitable pursuits and enterprises into the chan this capital and this labor would have gone out of something else nels of naturally unprofitable pursuits and enterprises. [Applause something that with freer commerce or with free commerce would and laughter on the Democratic side.] And, as a corollary, the have been naturally profitable-into this business, which, other method whereby they are deflected is by the enactment of laws wise unprofitable, you have by law made profitable. Yet it forcing the consumer to pay to the artificial hothoused enterprises would be true that these people, having been deceived into that a higher price than with a free commerce the consumer would occupation by law, ought not to have the entire scaffold cut have to pay. down under them all at once. It was not their fault that this Now! so much for protectionism as an original proposition. pernicious and miserable "abomination of abominations" in the Protection is not, however, in this country an original proposi way of a fiscal system existed. They had merely taken advan tion. We are not forming a new government, and we are not tage of the situation which the laws of the country furnished framing an absolutely new and revolutionary change of a fiscal them, and they ought to be reduced down to the competitive system. But that is the definition of original protection, and it point of the banana trade by slow processes, but brought there is a definition which no fair-minded man can pick a flaw with. after a while. Now, there is one contention made by the Republicans and by :Now, my friends, I have given you the whole definition and an the advocates of protectionism everywhere which is true, and it illustration of the manner of working of the protective tariff is useless to deny the truth of it. It is true that you can pick out wherever it is needed. Now, wherever it is not needed, wherever an enterprise and make it more profitable by protectionism. It a man could make a reasonable profit without a protective tariff, is also true that you can create an enterprise de novo by protec then, of course. you merely enable him by tariff taxation to tax tionism. The only question left is whether you are willing to pay the home consumer up to the point of foreign competition and the price. And, if you state the proposition to the people as an do as a great many corporations do in divers businesses-recoup original proposition, naming your enterprise and the price to be from us, while selling to the foreigners cheaper. And so stands paid, they would very seldom be ·willing to enter into the bargain the great Republican party to-day with a dozen industiies, which, and pay the plice. by changed conditions, have gotten to where they can support That brings me, Mr. Chairman, to my favorite banana theory. themselves in the home and foreign markets both. The great There is in the United States, I suppose, one hundred acres of steel industry ships its products all over the world. The great land where bananas can be grown in the open air, and yet I could, American boot and shoe industry shipped, as the gentleman from were I the legislating body of this country, orwereitheCzarwith Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR] said, $7,000,000 worth, or even a greater absolute power and disposed to make the people pay the price for amount, to foreign ports last year. Now, one of two things it, create a "Great American Banana Industry." !could put a necessan1y happens when this occurs. Either the manufacturers tax of one dollar apiece on bananas which are now selling in the do not need the protection, because they can vie with the foreigner streets three for a nickel and inside of five years I could, with a and the "pauper labor" of the foreigner, after paying freight good custom-house service, have created and exploited a vast across the ocean, in his own market; and if they can, then cer banana industry. It is true that a great many people who for tainly they can vie with him in the American market, after he has merly ate bananas could not buy any bananas at all, and some paid the freight across the ocean; either that is the case, or else people would have to buy fewer bananas; but it is also true that they do need the protection and are selling below cost to the a great many people, who are plutocrats and aristocrats, would foreigner or below a fair profit and making up their losses on us eat them because the common people-Dagoes, Jerseymen, and at home. Mississippians-conlcl not. [Laughter and applause.] If they are selling below a fair profit, then in order to carry on If I continued that system of taxation in existence for twenty their busin_ess abroad and here they must recoup at my expense years, at the end of that time there would have come to the front and your-expense as general consumers, and it is the tariff that a new generation that "knew not Joseph" nor cheap bananas; enables them to do it. My friends, you have gone on for years and the moment sensible people came into power with the idea of howling about giving the American market to the American revising the banana schedule these gentlemen who "knew not manufacturer and the American .producer. You have come to Joseph" and had gone into the American banana business and the point in connection with the barbed-wire industry, tbe nail perhaps formed a banana trust would come to the committee industry, the steel-rail industry, the locomotive industry, th~ tele room of the National Legislature, knocking upon the doors all the phone and graphophone, and sewing-machine, and boot and shoe time, and giving utterance to cries of unutterable woe: "Are you industries, and a gi'eat many others that I could mention, where going to stTike down the Great American Banana Industry; are those who control those industries have the fo1·eign as well as-the yon going to reduc.e the duty from a dollar apiece on bananas to .home market, and you are still keeping the tariff up. Why? Why? . 80 cents? We can't stand it. It will ruin us. Are you going to Because you dare not" disturb existing conditions," as you say. make the people engaged in banana raising go to the soup That is not it. It is because you dare not disturb the existing houses? Al·e yon going to discriminate in favor of pauper tropical tariff schedule lest you "open the doors." That is the truth, sunshine against self-respecting American hothouse laborers? '' isn't it-lest you open the doors? That is what you are afraid of. [Laughter on the Democratic side.] You are not afraid about reducing the duty on boots and shoes. Let us stop a moment and follow the banana theory a little fur To-day there is not 2. boot and shoe man in 1t1assachusetts who ther, because I am fond of bananas. [Laughter.] What would wonld not tell you he can got along very well without it. There have been the result of establishing that industry? Merely this, is not a Southern cotton man-manufacturing heavy cotton goods that you would ha.ve deflected a certain amount of American cap that will not tell you he is shipping his goods to China in com ital and a certain amount of American labor engaged in the gen petition with the entire world. But you are afraid that if you eral hothouse industry into a different channel of hothouse pro open the doors, instead of stopping at the reduction of duties on ceedings, and instead of having their hothouses for the purpose those things, the people will go further and reduce them upon they have them now they would have converted them into banana things where you think an artificial, hothouse enterprise would nurseries, and the consumers would be paying a dollar apiece, be by legislation knocked out of existence. Now, that is the or perhaps 90 cents apiece, for bananas, because the protected truth. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. W AT interest would have to undersell somewhat the foreign markets. soN] first denied what I had said, that the Republicans were tariff After fifteen or twenty years "home competition" would have schedule fetich· worshipers. I do not mean that you actually do reduced the price of bananas in the American market to, let us bow down every morning and every night and erect a little bit say, 40 cents apiece, and then Republican orators and politicians of an image of the tariff schedule. I do not mean that you take a would say privately, in newspapers, and on the stump and within picture -of a boot or shoe with the per cent marked on the sole and these walls, with due solemnity and without a mutual smile: literally worship it. Most of you do not bow down to anything, "Lo, o.nd behold! See how a protective tariff has reduced the particul-arly-[laughter]-and therefo::.-e you do not bow down to price of bananas from 90 cents apiece in 1950 to 40 cents -apiece boots and shoes and the schedules. [Laughter.] But what I in 1965-nea.rly 50 per cent decrease in price to the consumer t mean is this, that you have put into utterance the slogan, ''Stand Protection did it l" pat." Why? Are you afraid of the common sense of the Ameri Yes I A reduction from superlative extortion to comparative can people? Are you afraid of your own common sense when extortion l you are in power? · But in all this picture keep in mind one thing: While protec Gentlemen tell us that whenever the tariff is to be reduced and tionism lasted bananas would never reach three for a nickel, its iniquities and injustices disposed of, it shall be done by its because if they did, that public enemy-tropical sunshine-would "friend, the Republican party. Well, its friend, the Republican be master. · party, is in power now, with a very large majority here and a What would you have accomplished? Would you have in very large one over in the Senate, and with an immense majority creased the wages of labor? Not a particle. You would merely at the White· House-[laughter-]-a very "strenuous" major have deflected capital from one channel to another, from one sort ity of one-e pluribus unum-disregardful of international and 382 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NoVEMBER 19, national relations of all sorts, it is true, but still a purely Repub Now, my friends upon this side more especially: listen, and I lican majority. Can't you trust him? Can he not trust you? want to call attention of gentlemen on that side, too, to a very Can't you and the Senate trust one another? Why don't you go interesting letter written by one AugustnB G. Payne, acting presi to work and do this revising? Why? Yon are afraid that the dent of the great American Protective Tariff League, an organi men who helped you in the campaign with campaign funds may zation for the purpose of keeping up the indissoluble bond of persuade their laborers that you would hurt them, and that they union between legislative robberies, lest if one were turned down themselves will refuse to contribute to your campaign fund if all might, in the~ course of time, go. I wish to read it for the yon "revise" before election. Isn't it a real nice thing for poli benefit of both sides: ticians to talk honestly to one another, gentlemen? That is what [The American Protective Tariff League. Devoted to the Protection of is the matter, isn't it? [Laughter.] American Labor and Industries. National headquarters, No. 339 Broad way, between Worth and Leonard streets.] Now, Mr. Chairman1 this debate seems to have proceeded with the idea that sugar was the only thing in the world, and the only NEW YORK, November 17,1903. DEAR Sm: The American Protective Tariff League concerns itself with thing in this reciprocity treaty or in this bill. Gentlemen seem no special industry or group of industries. It concerns itself with all indus to have forgotten that the duty on all articles of whatsoever tries. It is supported oy the friends of protection in every part of our coun nature, and refined sugar even is reduced by this bill 20 per cent. try and especially by the small manufacturers who have done so much to 1 develop our country. Gentlemen seem to have forgotten that we are making a market It auns to make POJ?ula.r the protective tariff system., and has always in Cuba for Western farm produce and for Southern cottons and remained consistent Wlth its record and its principles. The development of cotton-seed oil. Gentlemen seem to have forgotten everything a small industry which has a right to live on American soil is as much the concern of the league as the prosperity of mighty enterprises. but sugar. Some of my friends on this side have caused me to It is because it belieyes that a reciprocity treaty or reciprocity legislation recall a thing that I bad not heard for years, but which came which permits the introduction into this country on a. favored basis of arti back to my mind while they were talking. In· the early days of cles which we ourselves are producing is to deny to a certain extent or to forget for the time being the great principle of protection. Reciprocity in the Republic of Texas some English noblemen were traveling competitive products, whatever else it may do, can not possibly harmonize through that country. They were entertained by one of the local with protection. magnates who had settled there, and he took the English noble Nor can such a proceeding, from the standpoint of protection, be justified, :c.o matter what its source, no matter how deserving its objects no matter men down to the only "gentlemen's club" existing at that time how specially advantageous as respects auy present commercial advantage within the confines of the Republic-the public barroom; ~nd to ourselves, no matter what party cry is lieard. Exceptional conditions while down there he concluded he would impress the barkeeper can not excuse and will not hell? us. The principle is denied; that IS the serious fact. It will not merely return with the magnitude of his social standing. So he turned to one to pla.gue us; it is here and will remain plaguing us, perhaps to our undoing. of them and said: No doubt of it. "My lord, I believe you are a marquis in your own country?" Every tariff reformer favors Cuban reciprocity because it is tariff reform and not protection. When we find both protectionists and tariff reformers "Yes." voting for a tariff measure-one asserting that the measure is not out of "An~ my lord, I believe you are an earl at home?" tune with protection and the other hailing it as a real advance toward free "Yes." trade-we may be sure that one or the other is mistaken. The spirit of 1892, when protection had gone out of fa.shi~~ seems to be in Then he said, "Jim, these are marquises and earls. What do the air. Cuban reciprocity will. do more to undo the tarin: in 190! than a yon think of that? " sa. ted and complacent prosperitY did in 1892. Jim said, " Oh, well, I don't care much about that. There Sincerely, yours, AUGUSTUS G. P .A.INE, .Acting .President. ain't but two classes of men in this place. One is them that Ron. ALBERT S. BURLESON, M. C., Washington, D. C. takes sugar in theirn, and the other is them a£ ain't so durned Reciprocity in competitive products, whatever else it may do, can not particular." [Laughter.] possibly harmonize with protection. Nor can such a proceedmg, from the Now, I belong to the class that has a very tender and soft feel standpoint of protection, be justified. ing for the sugar in a great many things, but I am very much like Mark this: that man. I would not neglect the real solid elements that enter No matter what its source, no matter how deserving its object, no matter into the composition simply for the sake of the sugar. [Laughter.] how specially advantageous as respects any present commercial advantage to ourselves, no matter what party cry is heard, exceptional conditions can Now, one of my friends on this side said something about the not excuse and will not help us. The principle is denied; tha.t is the serio~~ probable position on this question of the greatest Democrat that the eventful, fact. It will not merely return to plague us; it is here and will ever existed, except He who was both God and man, and he abso remain plaguing us, perhaps to our undoing. lutely seemed to think that that great Democrat agreed with him God grant itt [Laughter and applause on the Democratic side.] about hiB position in opposition to this bill. Let me call the It is true, my friends the enemy, that your "principle is denied," attention of my friend to some of the language of Thomas Jeffer and it is " a serions and eventful fact," and that is why I say son upon this identical sort of question. He says: this bill is more important in its remote bearings than in its pres Such being the restrictions on our commerce- ent consideration. If that great man, Mr. James G. Blaine, had lived and had the power to do as he proposed, although he would Just the situation we are in now, the Republican party in not have done it purposely and willingly, if he had carried out power-restrictions upon our commerce-unable to start de novo; the policy that he had in his mind, he would have sapped and where we could not if we would, and would not if we could, undermined your entire wall of protectionism f01-tifications and totally reverse the engine, because it would mean revolution and they would have crumbled to the ground after a while· because destruction to a very large extent, but desirons of having freer just as surely as you take one 'man out of the shelter of it and his t·elations with the w~ld; Mr. Jefferson-says- self-interest no longer appeals to him or he finds that he prospers the question is, in what way may they best be removed, modified, or coun without it, he becomes one of the great body of the people, ceases teracted~ As to commerce, two methods occur. First, by friendly arrangements to be one of a peculiar class that is "protected," and then he with the several nations with whom these restrictions exist; or, second, by ceases to give you his political support. Reading fm·ther from the separate act of our own legislatures for countervailing their effects. this letter, thiB gentleman says: There can be no doubt- Cnban reciprocity will do more to undo the tariff in 190! tha.n a sated and Under these restrictions, at that time- complacent prosperity did in 189"2. · but that of the two, friendly arrangement is now the most eligible. In My friends on the Democratic side of this Chamber, with Jeffer stead of embarrassing commerce under piles of regulating laws, duties.z and son indorsing our position and the Great American Association prohibitions, could it be relieved from all its shackles in all parts or the world, could every country be employed in producing that which nature has of Tariff Barons-the Protective Tariff League-opposing it, how best fitted it to produce, and each be free to exchange with others mutual can we doubt ourselves? surpluses for mutual wants, the greatest mass possible would then be pro I want to say a. few words about the " sated and complacent duced of all of those things which contn"bute to human life and human hap piness; the numbers of mankind would be increased, and their conditions prosperity'' in 1892. My friend from Georgia [Mr. MADDOX] will bettered. remember how complete" the sated and complacent pro perity" Then he goes on: was in Georgia and in Mississippi at that time, with cotton selling at less than the labor cost of production. Gentlemen from Kansas Would even a single nation begin with the United States this SfStem of free commerce, it would be advisable to begin it with that nation; smce it is will remember that about that time the people in Kansas were one by one only that it can be extended to all. burning corn for fuel, because it cost less to burn it than to sell it. It is one by one only, my friends, that under a Republican Ad They will remember that the people were restless and in their ministration you can procure conditions of freer commerce with desperation were grasping at desperate remedies ; that it was a the nations of the world. time when subtreasury schemes and State socialism were preached and indorsed all over the West and South. Yon will remember Some nation- that because of the har!l conditions of the people in 1889, and in Mr. Jefferson proceeds- 1890 and 1891, they threw your party out of power. not yet ripe for free commerce in all its extent, might still be willing to You will remember that Harrison himself said in a newspaper mon.lfy its restrictions and re~tio~ for us, in prop'!rtion to the adyan tages which an intercourse With lli! mi&"ht offer. ""Particnlar~y the-y: Illight interview, which I read and have never seen denied, that the concur with us in restricting the duties w be levied on each Slde, or m com reason he was thrown out of power and Cleveland was elected pen&~.ting any excess of duty by equivalent advantages of another nature. Our commerce is certainly of a character entitling it to favor in most coun was because of the unprecedented hard times and suffering, for tries. which the people of the South and West, without due reason, held 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 383 his Administration responsible. Yet the gentleman from Ohio But, Mr. Chairman, that is not all of this. Secretary Foster gets up here and tells you that when Cleveland came into power on the hearing before the committee, when he was before that com the country was in a condition of great prosperity, and this presi mittee, said: dent of the Associated Order of Tariff Barons and Beggars speaks Now, I want to say to you that these esti.mates are based upon conditions of the "sated and complacent prosperity of 1892." Why, Mr. existing prior to the late election. Chairman, those hard times were not confined to the United That iS what he said in his testimony-not as an afterthought States. The Baring Brothers broke; there was disaster a:O.d panic now-in a letter to General GROSVENOR in view of influencing po in Australia and in the Argentine Republic and all over the world, litical conduct now. Mr. Foster can not be heard now to deny his and it t·eached us la.st because we were the strongest nation and then statement that the "conditions existed prior to the election." best able to stave it off, but when it reached us we got a very Then later he was cross-examined, and in answer to a question as great dose of it. to whether there would be a deficit or not, he says: "I should say The entire world had been on a boom during the seventies and the next fiscal year would show a deficit." early eighties. Towns had been laid out in Virginia and West Mr. TURNER. Can you give an approximate estimate ~cording to all the Virginia and are still " laid out," and for eligible sites 3 miles data accessible to yon f · out from an imaginary town site people had paid $20 and $30 a Mr. SECRETARY FOSTER. I will only say this, that if I was to have the front foot. All this collapsed, and lot disaster. If you do not management of the Treasury I should insist upon an increase of revenue to mind you at·e riding to the same sort of a fall now, and notwith the extent of $50,000,000. standing all your eulogies of the great "prosperity" that exists A MEMBER. What are you reading from? largely in your minds, a collapse will come. The people are find Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi I am reading from a speech in ing that by your laws you encourage and keep in power not only the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of March 25, 1897, by Mr. Dockery, of monopoly, but, because of the tactics which you have pursued, mo Missouri, he having placed these documents there on that day. It nopolies which are public swindles and" get-rich-quick" cheats. says that he sent to the Treasury Department for the original Fos There are States which permit the formation of trusts and yet ter order, and it came. My friend from New York [Mr. PaYNE] deny them the right to do business within their own confines; do will remember that the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR] not permit them to do business in the State of their birth, but then disputed Mr. Dockery's statement, and that Mr. Dockery create them under the safeguards of the Federal interstate-com sent a messenger down to the Treasury Department to get the merce laws to do business in Mississippi, Texas, and Nevada original letter of Secretary Foster and the hearings before the combinations that have for their sole purpose nothing else than committee, and it was all brought here and sprung upon the House harmful action to the consumer. There is a rotten system for that day like a bombshell. you which must eventually collapse. God grant when the gen Mr. BARTLETT. The speech shows that the messenger was eral collapse comes that only the speculators, the bankers furnish sent for them. ing them with the money to finance concerns that are not w01-th Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I know it, and gentlemen who three cents on the dollar, may be injured. Yet men who do this were here at the time will remember it. My friend from Ohio, sort of thing are considered to be the great" financiers" of this General GROSVENOR, was still denying it, and I reckon he will country. go on denying it until the last minute. I want to call your attention to something in Mr. Harrison's My friend from Ohio then attempts to explain how it wa"that we message in the year 1889. I find in his message of 1892 that he sold goods cheaper abroad, and he had an illustration or an analogy, says our receipts from customs had fallen off $42,000,000 and some and said that he had known ''goods are sold cheaper in the spring odd hundred thousands, the net loss of revenue from all sources time'' than in the balance of the year. Unfortunately these goods being $32,675,972 and some cents. do not happen to be shipped abroad exclusively in the spring time; Mr. Harrison went into office with one hundred and some odd some go on " other days." million dollars lying in the Treasury over and above the gold My friend from Ohio says that with the Republican tariff law reserve, and he went out of power with between two and three foreign trade has grown immensely. Oh, my friends, that rises million dollars over and above the gold reserve in the Treasury of above a jest. How foolish and how partisan that is! Under the United States, and yet gentlemen get up here and talk about all sorts of administrations and under all sorts of tariff laws the '' the great prosperity of 1892,'' ''the sated and complacent pros foreign trade of this country has gone forward, growing by leaps perity of that year." and bounds, pari passu with the growth of the country. This Now, I say I like to hear the gentleman from Ohio, General country at the period he was speaking of as being at one end of GROSVEJ."{OR. He is such a magnificently bold and serene prophet. his comparison had some three millions of population, at another I myself hardly ever prophesy, and for this reason. I had an old period ten millions of population, and at another one twenty friend in Mississippi, one of those men who speak magnificent millions. common sense in rather bad English-and there are a great many The other end of his comparison is the present. of them through this country-and he said: "John, you have It has eighty-five million souls now. It has four times the amount been elected to Congress; now, don't go and turn prophet; proph of territory that it had at the beginning. It had, let us say, about ets is mostly darn fools, and they find it out themselves when the three million workers in the fields of industry in the forties. It now thing they prophesy don't come to pass.'' [Laughter.] But my has twenty, and yet gentlemen want to claim great Republican friend from Ohio is the most exuberant and unscrupulous prophet credit because " our foreign commerce has grown." Would it that this part of the world ever saw. [Laughter.] I cannot fol not have been remarkable if it had not grown? Let me tell you low him in that, because I could not beat him at it if I wanted something, gentlemen, in all due honesty. There are 385 poli to, and besides that, even my association with the Republican ticians in this end of the Capitol and there are 90 at the other membership of this House, which is of the kindliest and most wing, and if every one of them were to die to-morrow, and not friendly character, has not got me to the point where I am another Senate or House were to be elected for twenty years, and utterly disregardful of some desire to be justified by future the laws were to be left just as they are, or if they were left as events. [Laughter.] they would be after the Democrats had come into power and Now, my friends, the gentleman from Ohio makes a defense changed them, this great country would go on prospering. [Ap for Calico Charlie Foster which does Calico Charlie proud, and plause on the Democratic side.] To show how prosperity comes he has called Charlie Foster to make it himself. Unfortunately, anyhow, we have prosperity in both home and foreign trade in it happens to be an afterthought in the face of Secretary Foster's spite of a large measure of Republican hindrance. testimony. I find in the CONGRESSIONaL RECORD of March 23, It would go on prospering because of the magnificently exten 1897, this order put into the RECORD, sent for by a messenger on sive area in which there is absolutely free, unrestricted, and that day, and those of you that were here atthetimewillremem untrammeled trade. [Applause on the Democratic side.] The ber it. Here it is. There is no denying it, for it can not be denied. world has never seen anything like it. It would go on prospering Sm: Yon are hereby authorized and directed to prepare designs for the because it is a country of cheap land; and labor and wages are 8 per cent bonds provided in Senate amendment to the sundry civil bill now dependent in the ultimate analysis upon the price at which land pending. can be bought or can be rented. Man does not get out of agricul Remember, now, that it was in obedience to an amendment in ture-out of the primitive and best condition of man-and into the Senate. The Senate had provided for a bond issue by an amend other businesses unless he is paid to do it by greater compensa ment, which was in process of becoming a law, and Secretary tion. If a man can get land cheap, he can defy anybody that Foster issued this order. I continue to read: wants to tyrannize over him in regard to his wages by going upon This authority is given in advance of the enactment in view of the pressing the land and either buying it or renting it or entering it as a home contingency. stead. This is dated February 20, 1892. The election did not take place It will continue to be prosperous for another reason-because until the succeeding November. Now, even my friend General we are the one people on the globe, except some of our British GROSVENOR can not bring a witness into court to deny by an after cousins in the colonies, where there is absolutelyuo caste, where a thought his own handwriting and his own statei:nent made at that man knows that although he is working to-day pegging shoes he time. · · may the next year be governor or something of that sort, and that 384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NOVEMBER 19, if he is not, his children may be almost anything-millionaires or consulted. So if the Senate could amend it, why, then, the House presidents. Men work with hope and with incentive when they ought to be able to amend it too; if the gentleman from New York know that they are not confined within unleapable walls, and will is right. continue to work. So I say that it is folly and partisanship to stand Mr. PAYNE. Will the gentleman allow me a word? before the great American people and the world claiming the bene- ~.WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Certainly. fit of everything-our growth and even the discovery of gold in Mr. PAYNE. Of course the House can amend it, but thep it Alaska, and the invention of the cyanide process of getting more must g.o to the Senate. gold out of a given quantity of ore or getting it out of intractable Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. But how if your Senate will ore, and the benefit of all the inventions and all the progress of accept the amendment-your Senate for which you are responsi the world as fruits of tariff legislation simply because you have ble as a party? It ought to accept it. I expect it would now, be been in power for the Lord knows how long. Meanwhile we and cause they have had time to talk the matter over since they acted the world have been growing in spite of you. "I bade him mark before and found out that the sugar trust really will be hurt by that the thrushes still sang." this amendment, and I know so well this Republican Senate that Mr. LACEY. Will the gentleman yield to a question? I believe if they would find out that they really could thereby Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Certainly. hurt the sugartrust theywouldadopttheamendmentinaminute. Mr. LACEY. I know that the gentleman does not desire to We have convinced them of it now. make an argument based on a mistake. As Cuba has managed to exist sinca the time when the gentle- Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Certainly not. man from New York [Mr. PAYNE] informed the House last Con- Mr. LACEY. He has made a mistake of just one year in Fos- gress that if we did not act in very short order she would cease to tar's letter. Tl!e gentleman has based his argument on the state- exist-as she has managed to exist during this intervening time, ment that Foster's letter was written in 1892, when, as a matter could she not manage to exist three weeks longer, until we could of fact, it was written in February, 1893. cable back and forth a confirmation of this little amendment? • Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi (after examining the RECORD). Mr. PAYNE. Now, the gentleman knows that that process The gentleman is right, I see by reference to the RECORD. I re- would take months. gret exceedingly to have made the mistake. The date is a little Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Suppose it did take months. blurred in my copy. The letter was written in February, 1893. Mr. PAYNE. In the meantime the sugar crop would be har- Mr. LACEY. Just about a week before Mr. Cleveland's inau- vested and gathered, and you would be declaiming against the gTI"ation. sugar trust that it had bought up all the sugar. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I am very glad to have had Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. How long it would take de- the mistake called to my attention. pends-- 1\Ir. BOWIE. But Harrison was still President. [Laughter on Mr. PAYNE. The gentleman is trying to help the sugar trust the Republican side.] by his amendment. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I am very glad the gentleman Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Well. if lam, the Lord knows from Iowa has called my attention to that, because !'would not I am unconscious of it. [Laughter.] · want an en-or to go uncorrected into the RECORD, and, frankly, But I will say in answer to my friend from New York [Mr. my argument at that particular point was to a large extent based PAYNE] that the length of time it would take would depend upon on the error now called to my attention. the care and strenuosity brought into action at the other end of the Mr. LACEY. I do not want my friend, whom I admire so Avenue. If you could just halfway approximate the celerity that much, to make a mistake thus early in his leadership. has lately actuated this Administration in connection with the Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Well, I have one consolation new-born Republic of Panama, you would have it back here in about that, and the country may share that consolation. If a fel- three days. [Laughter and applause on the Democratic side.] low on this side of the Chamber makes a mistake in his leader- Mr. PAYNE. Oh, well, but the minds of the mighty czars in ship he docs not get many followers, but when a leader makes a another place have not operated on this Panama business yet, and mistake on that side of the Chamber you all follow him like sheep. they have operated on this treaty. · fProlonged laughter and applause.] So I feel to a certain extent Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. They will operate guickly in thatlaminthehandsofGodandmyfrienda. [Laughterandap- someway or other, provided the trust is not hurt. LLaughter plause.] and applause on the Democratic side.] They are waiting for us. One amusing thing about this debate is one of the explanations Now one of my friends says that this is an unconstitutional given by one of my friends over there-I think it was my friend bill, because the Constitution of the United States says that whom Ilike very much, very much indeed, Mr. GARDNER of Michl- "all bills raising revenue shall originate" in the House of Rep gan. He is for this bill now, while he was not for it before, be- resentatives. The Constitution of the United States says that, cause they put in the fi.ve-yea1· clause, which prevents them from but it does not say anything but that. It says all "bills" changing the legislation in the meanwhile. . raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representative's. In other words, a year ago the cry was, "For he~ven's sake do It does not say that all treaties raising revenue shall originate not enact this legislation; it will ruin us;" and now he comes in here. Thetreaty-makingpowerisgivenintheConstitutionwithout a.nd says," Well, it won't ruin us except for five years, and that limitation, save the limitations to the Federal Government itself. is all right." [Laughter.] The treaty-making power in its exercise was hedged in by the Talking about amending the treaty, my friend from Pennsyl- necessity of a two-thirds majority in the Senate, and although I vania [Mr. DALZELL] said of course I knew it would have to go have not studied the question out far enough to know, our fore back to the trea.ty powers. Of course it would, but I am informed fathers may have thought that that safeguaru was sufficient; that that that very proviso sought to be amended-that proviso in ar- while they would not let the Senate, by a bare majority, represent ticle 8-was put on by the Senate as an amendment to the treaty, ing only the States and not the people, originate a revenue meas so having already one amendment on it, with one more amendment ure, they would let them do it by a two-thirds majority, which you could get the treaty back just as quick. would in all cases probably carry as an incident a majority of the Mr. PAYNE. Oh, no; it has already been to Cuba and has been population of the country. · · ratified. Now I dwell upon that for this reason: I am known to be a Mr. WILLL-\.MS of Mississippi. With that part of it in it? stickler for the Constitution. I have spoken of you gentlemen Mr. PAYNE. Yes. over there as schedule fetich worshipers. I am, perhaps, a Con- Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Then my friend from Georgia stitution fetich worshiper-one of the very few left. There are [Mr. BARTLETT] had a different idea. some few on this side. I hope that they will grow in·numbers in Mr. BARTLETT. ',rhat was an amendment put on by the the course of time. But I have always thought that the Consti- Senate on the 19th of January, 1903. tution was superior to any temporary whim of the people them- Mr. PAYNE. Yes, but it has been to Cuba since and has been selves, and certainly superior to any temporary whim of Congress; ratified there. and if I thought that tills was an unconstitutional measure, it Mr. BARTLETT. When it came over to this country first it should not have my vote if the whole Democratic party depended was not on the bill. upon it, and if my seat depended upon it, and if a great deal of Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. All ri~ht. It has been everything that I hold most dear in the world depended upon it. amended once, but that amendment you say has already received But there is nothing in that. the confirmation of the Cuban government. Still it was put on in Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Will my friend permit a ques- theSenate, and if the Senate can amend it, why, then, surely the ' tion? gentleman from New York [Mr. PAYNE] ought to be willing to say Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Yes. that the House can, because he is peculiarly the man that has Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin . . In connection with your discus- always stood for the principle, about the accuracy of which, by sion of the constitutional question, I would like to ask the gentle the way, I am not certain, that the House of Representatives in man from Mississippi if he has not forgotten that clause of the connection with matters of this sort has equal power with the Constitution which confers upon Congress the right to levy and Senate and stands upon an exactly equal footing and must be first collect duties? Is not that an exclusive prerogative in Congress? 1903. .CON .GRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. -... 385- . Doe3 not the mentioning of one thing in an organic inshlliilent the_distinguished gentleman from Mississippi who has just ad- of that kind exclude that power from any other? . dressed the House. He regarded protection as a hothouse policy, Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Oh, no! Every Federal power and illustrated his definition very aptly by the article of bananas. that is conf~rred upon Congress in the Constitution-nearly every Bananas, I believe, have been upon the free list for nearly twenty one of them-is unquestionably subject to execution by the treaty years, and there has been no attempt to stimulate their produc- making power of the country as well. This is the only one that tion in this country. . has ever been questioned, namely, the one with reference to the The sane idea of protection is to attempt to establish only those raising of revenue. The others are not even questioned by any industries which by nature we are fitted to can-yon in this coun body. Perhaps the powers ara concurrent. · I am not passing try. Probably in the course of time, in a geologic age or two, upon this question, however, understand me. when the ores of the older portions of the world had been ex Let us see: hat1Sted, our own resources might have come into play. But the For example, Congress is expressly granted the power to "estab American people are rather an ambitious people; they did not lish a uniform rule of naturalization," to ''coin money and regu- care to wait some thousands of years, and they adopted the policy 1ate the value thereof,'' to '' establish post-offices and post-roads,'' of protection at first, a rather heroic policy, so that we have wit to '' define and punish piracies and felonies on the high seas and nessed as a result of its application in this country an industrial offenses against the laws of nations," and yet there has never been development that never before was seen in the world, and we any dispute about the fact that the treaty-making power of the have also incontestably witnessed a cheapening in the cost of pro United States can enterintoconventionsand treaties with foreign duction. countries concerning naturalization of our citizens there and of But to turn to the bill before the House, which deals with an their citizens here. important volume of trade between two countries, a trade that · A few years ago you will remember that there was very much now amounts to nearly a hundred million dollars a year, and un talk about'' international bimetallism'' t9 be arrived at by treaty der the policy of this measure is destined greatly to increase. If between the great nations of the world. Nobody disputed or the trade aspect of this bill were its most important aspect it dreamt of disputing the power of the United States to enter by would not have deserved a tithe of the attention it has .received treaty into such an arrangement, although it involved coinage of from the country. It has appealed powerfully to the sentiment money and the regulation of the value thereof. We have a half of the American people, and for the last two years no other sub dozen postal conventions and treaties with foreign countries, and ject has been so widely discussed. It has been supported by two no one has everdisputed·our authority tomakethem. Wehave Presidents in succession, and has been made the centTal policy of many treaties defining certain things as " piracies and felonies the Adminis~·ation of the present Executive, who has ·adhered to upon the high seas "-for example, the African slave trade-and it with a persistency and fidelity that do him honor. It occasioned yet all of these powers are expressly granted to Congress in the in the last Congress one of the most angry controversies ever wit Constitution, just as is the power to regulate interstate and for nessed in Congress. eign commerce, and to levy and collect duties. Surely he must be an ambitious statesman who would not be If one is an exclusive grant it see·ms to me that all are. In other conten:t to solve such an important question as this one in a sin words, the grant to the President and the Senate to make treaties gle measure, but who would desire to have a measure dealing not is a broad, general grant in express words, and it is unlimited by only with Cuba, but incidentally with the rest of mankind. Clo other express words or by any necessary intendment, except the ture and drastic rules against amendments are weapons to be re llmitations upon the power of the Federal Government itself. sorted to on rare occasions, but I think the Republican party, Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Will the gentleman permit one which is responsible for legislation here, is to be congratulated more question? ·that it has a~ked the House to devote itself to a single great pur . Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Yes. pose in order that this great question, that has been discussed for Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. The power to levy and collect the last two years; shall at last be fuially settled. duties is in express terms conferred on Congress, and is in express The gentleman from Missouri explained the tactics of the mi terms conferred nowhere else throughout that instrument.· Now, nority when he said that the way to defeat this measure was to as·r understand you, you hold that by implication that is qualified adopt the amendment p1;oposed by the minority. I know of no · in a subsequent clause which gives to the President and the Sen one, either in this House or_out of it, who can employ language more accurately than the gentleman from Missouri, and he ex ate the right to make treaties. pressed· the exact purpose of that amendment. · Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I do not care to get off from As the chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means has ex the line of my argument. There are a dozen places in the Con plained to the House, the amendment with reference to the five stitution where express powers are conferred upon Congress, and years' provision would make it necessary to have a new conven · duririg the· entire history of this country the treaty-making tion with Cuba; the present convention having already been ratified power has dealt with the subject-matter of those grants to by both Governments, a new convention would have to be ma-de. Congress. This would create delay. The Cuban questioll would be returned · Now, one gentleman on this side reads a Democratic platform to the condition it was in two years ago. In the meantime the . and he says the Democratic party has pronounced against reci sugar crop that is befug harvested in Cuba would not come under . procity. When I read it I find it to be that the Democratic party the terms of this bill, aDd there would be a serious loss to Cuba. declared against "sham Republican reciprocity "-that is, a So, I say, let us trifle no longer with the hope of Cuba kindled by reciprocity treaty that did not reciprocate; a treaty that did not us two years ago ·and deferred and deferred again tmtil he1· heart . give ~nything, did not concede anything in the way of a·real re is sick. Let us redeem the pledges we have made, if not to Cuba, duction of duties in America, nor really extend our markets at least to the American people in Cuba's behalf, and pass this abroad, and treaties, therefore, which did not help the American bill without further delay. I am somewhat surprised at the atti consumer nor the .American producer. tude of the gentleman from Mississippi who has just taken his One gentleman says that this is a Republican bill. Now, Mr. seat, concerning the power of the treaty-making department of Chairman, I do not care about the source of any measure. I think this Government to pass laws for the internal governmei!t of the that the man who serves his country best serves his party best, United States. and if a man can not serve his party in that way-if he has a party It is a singular position for the gentleman to take, if I have not which can not be served that way-! think the sooner he gets misunderstood him, that the Exeyutive and Senate, under the out of that party the better. I know that the Democratic party guise of making treaties, 'can pass in secret taxation laws for the iS not that sort of a party. [Loud applause.] . American people. James A: Garfield, one of the greatest politi I do not care about the source of a measure, if it is right, and cal scholars who ever sat in this House, once declared that the in the gentleman's argument would lead him to take the same posi fringement by the Senate on the constitutional prerogative of the tion a.s he takes now if faced with the question of reducing the House in raising revenue, if assented to by us, would inflict a duty on barbed wire or nails, or agricultural implements-of fatal wound on our system of government. I submit that if we refusing to do it because it was piecemeal in the first place, and concede to the Senate the right to pass legislation by.ti·eaty and in the second place, the recommendation was sent from a Repub- the right to impose taxation by treaty we will have surrendered lican President. · the last vestige of popular representative government in the I am glad to see a Republican President, especially this one, United States. [Applause on the Republican side.] have a lucid interval. and I am glad to see a Republican majority Let me quote to you some old-fashioned doctrine on this point _in this House share his lucidity for a short while. [Loud and from a report that has been brought to my attention by my col long-continued applause on the Democratic side.] league on the Committee on Ways and Means, the gentleman from . Mr. McCALL. Mr. Chairman, it is not my purpose to follow Pennsylvania. A treaty was pending· before the Senate with the wide range of this debate and discuss the great variety of Prussia and other States of the Germanic federation. and the Sen subjects that have been brought before the committee. I shall~ ate Committee on ·Foreign Relations made this report to the · however, depart from the line of speaking with reference to this Senate through Rufus Choate, one of the greatest lawyers who bill and refer to the definition of protection which was given by ever sat in that body and the greatest advoca~ 'Y?o ever spoke XXXVII-25 386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NOVEl\fBER 19' at the American bar. I a..sk your attention while I read briefly sufficient revenue will still be left with which to run our own from what Mr. Choate says: Government. A deficit is a governmental institution which I In the first place, the committee propose to confine themselves to a very think it is well to avoid, but there is a grave distinction between brief exhibition of another and single ground upon which, without reference t{) the particular meritB of the treaty, they advise against its ratification. mere nalTowness of revenue, which is the keenest spur to the economical expenditure of public money, and that great and Then he adds: yawning chasm between income and outcome which we witnessed The convention which has been submitted to the Senate changes duties which have been laid by law. It changes them either ex directo and by ita ten years ago, in which the public credit itself was engulfed. own vigor, or it engages the faith of the nation and the faith of the Legisla But even from that standpoint of revenue it is clear that while ture through which the nation acts to make the change. In either a~ect it at the beginning we shall lose some $6,000,000 a year, the proba is the President and Senate who, by the instrumentality of negotiation, re peal or materially vary regulations of commerce and laws of revenue which bility is that within the five years of this convention or sooner CoJJ.gress had ordained. * * * than that we shall have at least 20 per cent increase in the im Without engaging at all in an examination of the ext~nt. limits, and ob ports from Cuba, and that will place our revenue upon Cuban jects of the power to make treaties, the committee believe that the general rule of our system is indisputably that the control of trade and the fUnction products where it is to-day. · of taxing belong, without abridgment or participation, to Congress. They Now, with reference to the peculiar trade relations of this infer this from the language of the Constitution, from the nature and prin country and Cuba. During the last fiscal year we took of Cuba's ciples of our Government, from the the011" of republican liberty itself, from the unvaried practice, evidencing the umversal belief of all, in all periods total exports some 77 per cent, and we sold to her about 42 per and of all parties and opinions. They think too, that, as the general rule, cent of what she bought from the rest of the world. This was the representatives of the people, sitting in their legislative capacity, with taking a larger proportion from her of what she sold than she open doors, under the eye of the country, communicating freely with their constituentB, may exercise this j)OWer more intelligentlf, more discreetly, took from us of her purchases, and the treaty recognizes this may acquire more accurate and more minute information concerning the fact, for while it levies a uniform reduction of 20 per cent upon employments and the interestB on which this description of measures will Cuban products coming into our mru:kets, it gives our products :pre and may better d.iscern what true policy prescribes and rejectB, than lS wit'hiii the competence of the executive department of the Government. going to Cuba a reduction of from 20 per cent to 40 per cent. Upon this single ground, then, the committee advise that the treaty be The details of the Cuban trade which have been brought to the rejected. attention of the committee by my colleagues show the evidence Now, I hold in my hand a work by Mr. Charles Henry Butler upon which we may expect a great gain to our own commerce. on the treaty-making power of the United States, in which he There were for instance, under the head of alimentary articles quotes from an eminent German authority, an authority who, as articles of food and drink-brought from the United States into is stated here, has given to the subject a deg1·ee of elaborate and Cuba about $3,700,000 worth per year, and from other countries extended exposition which it has received from no writer in our about $13,000,000 per year. These articles are largely the product own tongue. I can not pause long enough to quote in full the of our agriculture and of om· fisheries, and under the duties which comment of the writer on this subject, but I commend it to you. are prescribed by this bill the United States will almost inevitably It is by Doctor Meier, professor in the university at Leipzig, and it get all this trade. Then there is another item of wearing apparel, shows in effect that if the treaty-making power has the legislative of boots and .shoes, and cotton, and similar articles, of which the power contended for in some quarters we have here as ideal an United States last year sold to Cuba $1,127,000 worth, while Cuba oligarchy as was ever established. bought from the rest of the world $10,186,000 worth. This item To my mind it is not conceivable that the framers of the Con will almost certainly appear in the trade of the United States. stitution should elaborately construct through many pages of that And then in cattle-Cuba imported from the United States cattle instrument a legislative machine, should carefully define and limit to the value of $3,347,000, and from the rest of the world its powers, and then in two lines with reference to composing dif $6,772,000. Here is an opportunity for a further expansion of ferences with foreign states it should throw all that machinery trade in a product of our farms. out of gear and construct another legislative machine superior _The effect upon the beet-sugar industry has caused alarm, and to it. very naturally so, to those Representatives in this Honse that The Senate is not constituted upon the popular principle; it come from States largely interested in the manufacture of beet represents the States as sovereignties. They have equal repre sugar. I do not think it is in a particle of danger. Suppose that sentation without regard to population. One man in one State the reduction proposed by this bill to 1.35 cents a pound upon has one hundred times the voice in choosing it that one man has raw sugar should measure the entire protection that would exist in another State. In the House, on the other hand, the Members upon sugar after the passage of this bill-and I feel confident that represent substantially equal populations. This nation was based it will not-I think it is susceptible of demonstration that the pro on the proposition that those who paid the taxes should say, tection will be substantially what it is at the present time. But speaking through their Representatives, what taxes should be im suppose that the amount of 1.35 cents will measure the full posed. And unless the framers of the Constitution were greatly amount of protection. It seems to me that the beet-sugar indus mistaken, unless the great contemporary expounders, Madison try would be entirely safe even with that amount of protection. and Hamilton, were mistaken, unless the blazing lesson of our In the testimony taken before the Committee on Ways and Means Revolution was lost upon the men who established it in war, the two years ago our collector at Habana, Mr. Bliss, testified that Constitution conferred upon the House a real power and not the he had examined the returns from eight different plantations and shadow when it gave it the right to originate revenue bills. he found the average cost of making sugar there and of taking it Now, I wish to call the attention of the House for a few moments to the port of shipment was 2ft cents. Ml·. Atkins, who is a suc to the effect of this measure; but I will say in leaving the subject cessful business man and a sugar manufacturer, reached substan of the Senate, which the gentleman from Mississippi has intro tially the same conclusion. duced, that the Senate is made up in the maiD. of very eminent All the evidence that could be called evidence went to show men. Most of them derive their lineage from the House of Rep that it cost the Cuban at least 2 cents a pound to make his raw resentatives. They would make a vil·tuous oligarchy, I doubt not; sugar. Now, if to that you add this 1.35, and if to that you add but I do not believe that the American people are yet prepared the freight rate and the insurance and other charges, he can not to have it written, as the preamble to their laws, "Be it enacted afford to sell his sugru: in the New York market for less than by the Senate of the United States in executive session assembled.:' three and about seven-eighths of a cent a pound, and it must [Laughter and applause on the Republican side.] after that be refined, so that a price would be reached at which it This bill proceeds upon the theory that there should be reci would clearly be profitable to make refined sugar here. procity between this country and Cuba, and I think '' reciprocity'' Mr. Oxnard, who has been as much identified with the manu is a word that no gentleman on either side of the House can prop facture of beet sugar as any man in the United States, put forth erly take offense at. I believe that the first reciprocity treaty a statement after he had been engaged in that business nine years was negotiated by Richard Cobden, and that the greatest advo to the effect that at 4 cents a pound and allowing the farmer $4 cate of reciprocity in our time was William McKinley. The name per ton for his beets there was then a profit of about 43 per cent of one is a synonym for free trade, and the name of the other is a upon the cost of the material and labor employed, and that in synonym for protection. selling the refined product at 4 cents a pound. Nota small profit Reciprocity goes upon the theory that there are oftentimes, in by any means. As a matter of fact he would get nea1·er 5 than the relations of two people, conditions that make it peculiarly 4 cents a pound. Is it not, therefore, clear that under this duty proper that they shall have reciprocal trade arrangements with of 1.35 per pound, which is a specific duty equivalent to an ad each other. The position of Cuba, her political relations to this valorem duty of nearly 80 per cent including the freight, our beet country, the fact that American interests predominate there, the sugar producers have nothing whatever to fear? fact that we buy nearly all she has to sell, and sell her a great But I have been acting upon the assumption that the total pro portion of what she buys, make her case, it seems to me, as strong tection afforded the beet-sugar grower would be the duty as a one as could be imagined for the application of the principle of against Cuban sugar under this bill. It seems to me there is no , reciprocity. doubt that during the five years that this convention is to last With reference to the fiscal features of the bill, the chairman the protection will be substantially that afforded by existing law. of the Committee on Ways and Means has pointed out that the I aiTived at that conclusion in this way: At present we make in decrease in revenue will be about $6,000,000 a year, but that a the United States and in Hawaii and Porto Rico about 900,000 1903. . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. · 387 tons of sugar each year. Weconsmneabout 2,600,000tons. This trade compact with any other nation than ourselves. We have leaves an enormous deficit that must be supplied from the markets resting upon us the obligations of a mother to a daughter. Her of the world. Even if we take the entire production of Cuba government has been reared upon soil soaked by the blood of our at the greatest amount it has ever reached. at about 1,000,000 soldiers, and it exists because of the battles that have been fought tons, we still have a great deficit of six or seven hundred thousand by Americans upon her territory and upon the seas that surround tons. her and on the other side of the world. She guards the approach That we must bring in from abroad and must pay for in the to the isthmian canal and the mouths of the Mississippi. Her peace world's price, which is :fixed at Hamburg. The price, then, in New and happiness are most important to us. Her prosperity will con York will be the Hamburg price, plus the freight and plus the ·duce to our repose as well as our renown, and the :Members of this full duty. Now, Cuban sugar in New York will sell precisely House have an opportunity to-day to add appreciably to the glm·y on a parity with Hamburg sugar, grade for grade. The sugar and to serve the honor of their country by voting for this bill refiner will not bny Ham burg sugar when there is a cargo of Cuban with substantial unanimity. [Loud applause on the Republican sugar beside it that would be sold for a particle less. They side.] # will both bring the same price. The result, therefore, is that the Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I suppose that under the J;ule, Cuban sugar will get the full Hamburg price, plus the Hamburg general debate being closed, the committee will rise. freight, plus the full duty. In other words, the Cuban planter The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman not desire to occupy will get the advantage of the difference between our duty as any more of his time? against Hambm·g sugar and our duty as against Cuban sugar. M1·. PAYNE. I do not. Now, this will be a very important matter to him, and it will be a The CHAIRMAN. The committee will now rise. matter of little consequence to us. The committee accordingly rose; and the Speaker having re I think, therefore, that these conclusions are very clear from the sumed the chair, Mr. SHERMAN, Chairman of the Committee of situation, first, that the reduction of duty will not materially the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that, under affect prices here and will go to the Cuban planter; second, that the rule of the House adopted on Monday, the House had been in the reduction will gradually result in an increase of exports from Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union con Cuba to the United States and from the United States to Cuba; sidering the bill H. R. 1921, and in pursuance of the rule the and third, that the United States sugar producers will be unaf committee had risen, and on its behalf he reported the bill back fected. I should perhaps slightly qualify this last statement. to the House. There will perhaps be a gradual lowering of the price. If the The SPEAKER. In accordance with the special order made effect of this bill shall be an increased production of sugar in by the House, the question recm·s on the engrossment and third Cuba, as I think it will, then there will be the amount of that in reading of the bill. crease added to the world's supply of sugar, and to that extent · Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker- there will be a lowering of the world's price; but that will be a The SPEAKER. For what purpose does the gentleman rise? slow process and an almost imperceptible one, and om· beet-sugar Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I desire to be recognized for manufacturers will be substantially unaffected until the produc the purpose of moving to recommit with the following instruc tion from Cuba shall reach that point where, combined with the tions. I ask that the motion be read. production of the United States, it will be substantially enough The SPEAKER. One moment. to meet the consumption of the United States. Mr. PAYNE. I makethepointoforder,Mr. Speaker, that that Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. Is the gentleman unwilling to motion is not in order under the rule. admit that if Cuba progresses as she has in the past few years The SPEAKER. It is not now, and would not be in order now she may reach that point before this convention expires? if the rules were in force. Mr. McCALL. Mr. Chairman, I think there is very little like Mr. PAYNE. It would not be in order at any time under this lihood"that that will occur. In the first place, we had a convention resolution. with Cuba under the terms of the McKinley Act. That treaty was Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Then I ask toberecognizedat in effect for three years. At that time Cuba had free sugar, and the proper time, immediately after the third reading of the bill, yet the total net result of the operation of that convention was for the purpose of offering the motion. that for three years the sugar production of Cuba increased only The SPEAKER. The question is on the engrossment and third to the extent of about 200,000 tons. reading of the bill. Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. But we were producing no beet The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time; and sugar at that time. it was accordingly read the third time. Mr. McCALL. That may be, but beet sugar is merely a drop Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker, I now ask to be in the bucket in our consumption. recognized for the purpose of offering a motion, which I send to Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. Oh, no. the Clerk's desk, to recommit with certain instructions. Mr. McCALL. While the great bulk of the sugar consumed in Mr. PAYNE. To that, Mr. Speaker, I make a point of order. this country comes from the world outside, Cuba had free access Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I ask unanimous consent that to om· markets, and yet she only increased her production 200,000 the Clerk may read the motion before the Chair ruJ.es, for the in tons in three years. formation of the House. Then again I will say to the gentleman that Cuba is interested Mr. PAYNE. We have had that amendment read galore, and in other industries. Tobacco is a most important industry in I object to it. Cuba. She can not take all of her population and set them to Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. The reading of the amend raising sugar. She has a limited population and a limited supply ment will not hm·t you. of labor, and it is very unlikely that there should be such a sud The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mississippi states that den increase in production as the gentleman fears. he desires to move to recommit the bill, with certain instructions, I have, perhaps, said more than is necessary concerning the to the Committee on Ways and Means. That fact is sufficient to financial features of this measure in view of the clea1· sentiment notify the House and the Chair of the desire of the gentleman of the House upon the bill. I wish to say a word about those from Mississippi, and the gentleman from New York makes the weightier considerations of a high political and moral character point of order that a motion to recommit iB not in order under the that are based not upon mere expediency, but that grow out of the special order adopted by the House. The Clerk will read the spe demands of justice. An individual man, strong and rich, may cial order under which the House is now proceeding. not with impunity oppress another who is weak and poor, because The Clerk read as follows: he is held in terror by the law. But what court is there which could enter and enforce a decree against the United States in favor The Committee on Rules, towhom was referred the resolution of the House numbered 17, have had the same under consideratic:., and ask leave to report of Cuba? Her ca-se therefore calls for the exercise of that higher in lieu thereof the following: and more difficult, because merely voluntary, justice which a "Resolved, That immediately on the adoption of this rule, and immediately strong nation measm·es out to a weak one. after the reading of the J mrrnal on each day thereafter until the bill herein after mentioned shall have been disposed of, the House shall resolve itself Cuba is not strong enough physically to enforce any claim into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for considera against the United States. She has no army or navy. She is just tion of the bill H. R.l921, a bill to carry into effect a convention between the entering upon her career as a nation. She is absolutely in the United States and the Republic of Cuba, signed on the lith dav of December, 1902; that not later than 4 o'clock on November 19 general debate shall be hollow of our hands, so that whatever we do for her will not be closed in Committee of the Whole, and whenever general debate is closed the done by us out of fear, but will come about by the operation upon committee shall rise and report the bill to the House; and immediately the our will of the abstract principles of justice. Cuba has already House shall vote without debate or intervening motion on the engrossment done something at our dictation. She has surrendered to us im and third reading and on the passage of the bill." portant naval stations upon her southern coast, and surrendered Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Now, Mr. Speaker, I ask them at our demand. · She has also imposed very serious limita unanimous consent that the motion be read for the information tions upon her power to treat with other nations, and she has done of the House. this upon our demand. · The SPEAKER. The gentleman asks unanimous consent th~t We have put Cuba iii a; position where she can safely make no the motion be 1·ead for the information of the House. 388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUHE. NOVEMBER 1-9, Mr. PAYNE. I would like to ask the gentleman from :Missis- motion with a desire to delay business or not. The House has sippi if this is the same motion which he read in Committee of decided to vote first upon the engrossment and third reading of the Whole and is now a part of the record? this bill, and then, without intervening motion, to vote upon the Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. The House will not know until passage of the bill-without intervening motion or debate, to vote after it is read. upon the passage of the bill. Mr. PAYNE. It is the same amendment that the gentleman Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. The word'' debate '' is not in read in Committee of the Whole? the rule. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. It is the same amendment. Mr. PAYNE. Now, this amendment offered is certainly an in- Mr. PAYNE. Then I object, because it has already been read. tervening motion. I made the point of order that the amendment Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Do I understand that the was not in order because obnoxious to the special rule of the House, Chair has ruled the amendment out of order? and the Chair sustained that motion. We are here waiting un- The SPEAKER. The Chair is about to rule. der the rule for the final vote upon this bill. Whatever motion Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I was merely anticipating the the gentleman makes under any of the general rules of the House well-known tendencies of the Chair. [Laughter.] which delays a vote upon this bill for a singlemomentisdelay and The SPEAKER. The special order under which the House is should be ruled out as a motion causing delay, a motion that de- . proceeding has just been read, and that order provides that with- lays the action upon the bill. But, further than that, Mr. Speaker out intervening motion the House will vote on the engrossment the House decided by a fair majority on Monday last that thi~ and third reading of the bill. The House has voted, and the bill vote should be without any intervening motion, and here we have has been read for the third time. And it also provides that with- an appeal to the House. It is an intervening motion, so that upon out intervening motion the House will vote upon the passage of every ground-upon the ground of delay or upon the ground that the bill. Under the rules of the House ordinarily, without a spe- it is an intervening motion-it is clearly out of order. cial order, the gentleman's motion at this stage of the proceeding Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker-- would be in order, but this order changes the rule and cuts the The SPEAKER. The Chair is prepared to rule. gentleman's motion off by prior action of the House. Therefore, Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Before the Chair rules-- the Chair holds that the gentleman's motion is not in order. The SPEAKER. The Chair does not desire to hear the gentle- Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker, would it be in man. order to discuss the ruling of the Chair? Does the Chair wish to Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. One reply to the gentleman hear me upon that point? Then I shall take an appeaJ from the from New York-- decision of the Chair, and I would like to make a few remarks The SPEAKER. It needs no reply. [Laughter.] upon that. - Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I think so myself. Mr. PAYNE. I make the point of order, Mr. Speaker, that it The SPEAKER. The Chair is prepared to rule. The Clerk is dilatory, and that under the rule that has been adopted by the will read section 3 of Rule XVII. House it can not be entertained. The Clerk read as follows: 1\Ir. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Well, Mr. Speaker, I want to . All incid~ntal questio~ of order aJ1sing after a motion is made t o the pre discuss that point of order which the gentleman from New York VIous questwn, and pending such motion, shall be decided, whether o:t appeal has just made. or otherwise, without debate. Mr. PAYNE. Then I make the further point of order to that The SPEAKER. If, under the rules~ the previous question has discussion under the rules. been moved upon the question arising, there are many precedents Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. The gentleman from New where points of order would be entertained, and, of course, if York can not make the point of order that this is dilatory, because entertained, be subject to appeal, unless they be dilatory, when as a matter of fact it is not dilatory, and I have the floor. they would come under another rule. Now, the House, after de Mr. PAYNE. I can make the point of order if the gentleman bate, has adopted this special order upon a yea-and-nay vote with has the floor. a full House, and we are proceeding under the special order, which Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Now, Mr. Speaker, I want to cuts off a motion to recommit, which motion would otherwise be discuss the point of order. in order. When the gentleman seeks to make the motion tore- Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, debate is never in order except for commit, the Chair necessarily, under the order of the House, sus- the benefit of the Chair. tains the point of order to that motion. The gentleman appeals The SPEAKER. The Chair has the privilege of hearing the from the ruling of the Chair. The Chair thinks the better prac- gentleman upon the point of order. tice is not to invoke the rule touching dilatory motions except in Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Undoubtedly; and I only want cases where the purpose to delay is plainly evident, and the Chair about five minutes. would prefer to err, if it errs at all, noon giving the House the The SPEAKER. If the present occupant of the chair under- right to express its will; and although ~the House may have ex stands the rule, it is entirely within the province of the Chair to pressed its will otherwise heretofore, the Chair is proceeding hear the gentleman upon the point of order; and the Chair, desir- tmder the order of the House in making the ruling, from which ing to be entirely courteous to the gentleman from Mississippi, 'ruling the gentleman from 1\IissiEsippi appeals. The Chair there- . will listen to what he has to say upon the point of order. fore entertains the appeal. [Applause on Democratic side.] Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Itisanoldadage,Mr. Speaker, Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I move to lay the appeal on the that a subject is always grateful to Cresar for special indulgences. table. [Laughter.] In order to show that this motion is not ililatory, I The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the gentle want to call the attention of the Speaker to the fact that it has man from· New York, who moves to lay the appeal on the table. been the persistent effort of the minority upon this side to obtain Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker, in order to save a vote upon this motion. Whatever other point of order may be -time I think we might as well have the yeas and nays upon the made against it, and some other point of order might possibly be motion to lay the appeal on the table, and I demand them. sustained, the point of order that this is dilatory can not be sus- The yeas and nays were ordered. tained. Mv object in offering this resolution is not to delay, and The question was taken; and there were-yeas ·194, nays 165, . the word ''udilatory '' means delay; but it is to let the country and answered present_2, not voting 22, as follows: ' the people who control us all understand the nature of the amend YEAS-Hl4. ment which we offer and would like to get a vote upon from the Acheson, Bm·kett, Douglas, Hamilton, Adams, Pa. Burleigh, Dovener. Haskins, House if we can. Adams, Wis. Burton, · Dr& per, Haugen, Whatever objection may be made to it, therefore, it is not Alexander, Butler, Pa. Dresser Hedge, offered for purposes of delay. It is offered in good faith and sin Allen, Calderhead, Driscoll: Hemenway, Ames, Campbell, Dunwell, Henry, Conn. cerely for the consideration of the House, and in order to prove Babcock, Capron, Dwight, Hepburn, that, Mr. Speaker, I will not read the resolution. Bartholdt, Cassel, Esch, Hermann, The SPEAKER. The gentleman will please suspend for a Bates, · Conner, Evans, Hildebrant, moment. The Chair will hear from the gentleman from New Bed !:l, Cooper, Pa. Fordney, Hill, Conn. Beidler, Coop3r , Wis. Foss, Hinshaw, York, who desires to be heard briefly on this point. Bingham, Cousins, Foster, Vt. Hitt, Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. 1\Ir. Speaker, allow me to con Birdsall, Cromer, Fowler, Hog~, clude my remarks and I will be through in a sentence. I think Bisho-p, Crumpacker French, Holliday, Boutell, Currier, ' Fuller, Howell, N. J. it is important to the Chair's consideration of the question as to Bowersock, Curtis, Gaines, W.Va. Howell, Utah whether this is dilatory or not to read the motion. Brandegee, Dalzell, Gardner, :Mass. Huff, The SPEAKER. Tlie Chair has fairly indicated that he de Bradley, Daniels, Gardner, Mich. Hu~be s, W.Va. Brick, Darragh, Gardner, N.J. Huu, sires to hear from the other side upon this point of order. Brooks, Davidson, Gibson, Humphrey, Wash. Mr. PAYNE.· Mr. Speaker, I made. the point of order, first, Brown,Pa. Davis, Minn. Gillet, N.Y. ~ Jackson, Md. that it is dilatory. The late Speaker Crisp held time and again Brown, Wis. Dayton, Gillett, Cal._ Jackson, Ohio Brownlow, Deemer, Gillett, Mass. Jenkins, that a motion was dilatory when it delayed action, no matter what Buckman, Dick, Graff, Jones, ·wash. the intention of the mover was~ whether he made it as a dilatory Burke, S.Dak. Dixon, Greene, Kennedy, 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 389 Ketcham, Mann, Powers, Me. Stevens, Minn. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker, I wish to state - Kinkaid, Marsh, Prince, Sulloway, that my colleague [Mr. BYRD] is absent at home on account of Knapp, Marshall, Reeder, Tawney, Knopf, Martin, Roberts, Thomas, Iowa sickness in his family. Kyle, Metcalf, Rodenberg, Tirrell, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mississippi will agree La<:ey, Miller, Scott, Townsend, with the Chair that these statements are not in o:::d.er tmder the Lafean, Minor, Sherman, Van Voorhis, Landis, Cbas. B. Momlell, Shims, Volstead~ rule. Landis, Frederick Moon,Pa. Sibley, Vreelanu, Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I had not thought of that. Lanning, Morgan, Skiles, Wachter, Th'!:l result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Lawrence, Morrell. Slemp, Wadsworth, Lilley, Murdock, Smith, ill. Wa.nger, The SPEAKER. The question now recurs upon the passage Longworth, Needham, Smith, Iowa Warner, of the bill. Lorimer, Norris, Smith,Samuel W. Warnock, The question was taken; and the Speaker announced that the · Loud, Olmsted, Smith, Wm. AldenWatson, Loudenslager, Otis, Smith, Pa. Weems, ayes appeared to have it. Lovering, Otjen, Snapp, Wiley, N.J. Mr. FORDNEY. I demand the yeas and nays. McCall, Overstreet, Southard, Williamson, The question was taken on ordering the yeas and nays. McCarthy Parker, Southwick, Wili:on, ill. :McCleary, Minn. Patterson, Pa. Spalding, Woodyard, The SPEAKER. Twenty-three gentlemen have arisen, not a McCreary, Pa. Payne, Sperry, Wright, sufficient number, and the yeas and nays are refused. McLachlan, Pearre, Stafford, Young. M:r. Wl\I. ALDEN SMITH. I call for a division. McMorran, Perkins, Steenerson, Mahon, Porter, Sterling, Mr. PAYNE. It is too late. [Cries of "Too late!"] NAYS-165. The SPEAKER. Was the gentleman on his feet for the pur Adamson, Foster, ill. Lewis, Sh&ckleford, pose of asking for a division and seeking to be recognized? Aiken, Gaines, Tenn. Lind, Shafroth, :Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH. I was. Badger, Garber, Lindsay, Sheppard, The question was taken; and the House divided, when there Baker, Garner, Little, Sherley, Bankhead, Gilbert, Livernash, Shober, were-ayes 335, noes 21. Bartlett, Gillespie, Livingston, Shull, So the bill was passed. [Loud_applause.] Bassett, Glass, Lloyd, Sims On motion of Mr. PAYNE, a motion to reconsider the vote by Beall, Tex. Goldfogle, Lucking, Slayde~ Bell, Cal. Gooch, McAndrews, Smith, Ky. which the bill was passed was laid on the table. Benny, Goulden, McClellan, Smith, Tex. LEAVE TO EXTEND REMARKS. Benton, Granger, McLain, Snook, Bowers, Gregg, McNary, Southall, Mr. PAYNE. I ask unanimous consent that all who· have Bowie, Griffith, Macon, Sparkma.n, spoken in the debate on the bill be allowed to extend their remarks Brantley, Griggs, Maddox, Spight, Breazeale, Gudger, Mahoney, Stanley, in the RECORD within the next five days. Broussard, Hamlin, Maynard, Stephens, Tex. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York asks unani Brundidge, Hardwick, Meyer, La. Sullivan, Mass. mous consent that all who have spoken on the bill may have leave Burga..«s, Harrison, Moon, Tenn. Sullivan, N.Y. Burleson, Hay, Padgett, Sulzer, to extend their remarks in the RECORD for the next five days. Is Burnett, Heru·y, Tex. Page, Swanson, there objection? [Mter a pause.] The Chair hears none. Butler, Mo. Hill, Miss. Patterson, N.C. Talbott, Caldwell, Hitchcock, Patterson, Tenn. Tate, .A.DJOUR~NT OVER. - Candler, Hopkins, Pierce, Taylor, Mr. PAYNE. On consultation with several Members it would Cassingham, Houston, Pou, Thayer, Clayton, Howard, Pujo, Thom~s. N. C. seem more convenient, I think, if we should adjourn from to-day Cochran-l Howell, Pa. Ramey, Thompson, until to-morrow, and then to-morrow adjourn until Tuesday next. Cow hera, Hughes,N.J. Randell,Tex. Trimble, It will be impossible to transact any busin-ess tmtil the committees Croft, Humphreys, Miss. Ransdell, La. Underwood, Crowley, Hunt~ Reid, Vandiver, are announced, and I would like to have unanimous consent now Davey, La. James, Rhea, VanDuzer, that when the House adjourn to-morrow it be to meet on Tuesday Davis, Fla.. Johnson, Rider, Wade, next. DeArmond, Jones, Va.. Ri:xey, Wallace, Denny, Kehoe, Robb, Webb, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York asks unani Dickerman, Keliher, Robertson, La. Wiley, Ala. mous consent that when the House adjourn to-morrow it adjourn Dinsmore, Kline, Robinson, Ark. Williams, ill. to meet on Tuesday next. Is there objection? Dougherty, Kluttz, Robinson, Ind. Williams, Miss. Emerich, Lamar, Fla. Rucker, Wilson, N.Y. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I will be forced to object. Field, Lamar, Mo. Ruppert, Wynri, Mr. PAYNE. I asked unanimous cons Mr. HILDEBRANDT. It tends to the organization of the improvement of harbor on Mississippi River at Natchez, Miss.- House. to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. . The SPEAKER. It may tend to its comfort. [Laughter.] By Mr. SPARKMAN: A bill (H. R. 4499) to pTovide for the The gentleman from Ohio a ks unanimous consent for the pres~ construction of a revenue cutter of the first class for service in the ent consideration of the resolution. Is there objection? [After waters of Key West, Fla.-to the Committee on Interstate a.nd a pause.] The Chair hears none. Foreign Commerce. The question was taken; and the resolution was agreed to. Also, a bill (H. R. 4500) authorizing, empowering, and direct Mr. PAYNE. I renew the motion to adjourn. ing the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries to establish in the LEAVE OF ABSENCE. State of Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico, a station for the investi gation of problemB connected with the marine-fishery interests of By unanimous consent, Mr. WILEY obtained leave of absence for ten days on account of important businesB. the region-to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fish Mr. PAYNE. I renew my motion to adjourn. eries. The motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at 4 o'clock and Also, a bill (H. R. 4501) in relation to claims arising under the 38 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned. provisions of the captured and abandoned property acts, and for other purposes, and to amend and revive the same-to the Com mittee on War Claims. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION. By Mr. LAMAR of Florida: A bill (H. R. 4502) to grant land Under clause 2 of Ru1e XXIV, the following executive communi~ to the State of Florida for the use of the normal college for white cation was taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows: pupils at De Funiak Springs and for the use of the normal college A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting, with at Tallahassee for colored pupils-to the Committee on the Public a favorable recommendation, a draft of a bill to control grazing LandB. in forest reserves-to the Committee on the Public LandB, and By Mr. WILEY of Alabama: A bill (H. R. 4503) in relation to ordered to be printed. the expense of holding courts of the United States in the northern and middle districts of Alabama-to the Committee on the Judi CHANGE OF REFERENCE. ciary. Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, the Committee on Claims was By Mr. DOVENER: A bill (H. R. 4504) for the benefit of offi~ cers who served over three years during the civil war and over discharged from the consideration of the bill (H. R. 3456) for the thirty years since, and who have retired on account of disability relief of W. W. Jackson; and the same was referred to the Com incurred in the line of duty since the close of the Spanish mittee on War Claims. American war-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. FOSTER of Vermont: A bill (H. R. 4505) to make $10 PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. per month the minimum amount of pensions pa.id by the Govern Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials ment-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of the following titles were introduced and severally referred as By Mr. RAINEY: A bill (H. R. 4.506) providing fo1· excavating follows: a new channel for Fox Creek and for dredging the bar formed By Mr. GAINES of Tennessee: A bill (H. R. 4482) for the relief by Fox Creek in Hamburg Bay, Calhoun County, lli.-to the Com of tobacco growers-to the Committee on Ways and Means. mittee on Rivers and Harbors~ By Mr. MANN: A bill (H. R. 4483) declaring the tunnels under By Mr. MORRELL: A bill (H. R. 4507) to prevent discrimina the Chicago River an obstruction to navigation, and for other tion by common carriers of passengers traveling between the purposes-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. States on account of race and color-to the Committee on Interstate By Mr. BADGER: A bill (H. R. 4484) appropriating the use of and Foreign Commerce. certain old Springfield breech-loading rifles to the old guard and By Mr. BROWNLOW: A-bill (H. R. 4508) to create in the De Grand Army of the Republic drill corps, in the various States of partment of Agriculture a bureau to be known as the Bureau of the Union-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Public Roads, and to provide for a system of national, State, and By Mr. MADDOX: A bill (H. R. 4485) to construct a road from local cooperation in the permanent improvement of the public the army post at Chickamauga National Park, Georgia, to the highways-to the Committee on Agriculture. rifle range and military range at or near Waco, Ga.-to the Com By Mr. LAMAR of Florida: A bill (H. R. 4509) making an ap mittee on Military Affairs. propriation for completing the improvement of the road to the By Mr. SULLOWAY: A bill (H. R. 4486) for the erection of national cemetery near Pensacola, Fla.-to the Committee on an equestrian statue of Maj. Gen. John Stark in the city of Man Military .Affairs. chester, N. H.-to the Committee on the Library. By Mr. MIERS of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 4510) to provide for the By Mr. DANIELS: A bill (H. R. 4487) for the construction of Theater of National Education-to the Committee on Education. a free public trail from the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada By Mr. RYAN: A bill (H. R. 4511) to prevent fraud in the sale Mountains, in Inyo County, Cal., to the summit of Mount Whit of boots, shoes slippers, or other leather footwear-to the Com ney, California-to the Committee on Military Affairs. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By l\Ir. WILLIAMS of Mississippi: A bill (H. R. 4488) to reduce By M.r. DICKERMAN: A bill (H. R. 4512) to provide for the import duties on articles the growth and products of certain coun purchase of a site and the eTection of a public building thereon at tries-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Shamokin, in the State of Pennsylvania-to the Committee on By Mr. ESCH: A bill (H. R. 4489) to amend section 64 of the Public Buildings and GroundB. · bankruptcy act-to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. JENKINS: A bill (H. R. 4513) to amend the act en- . By Mr. PEARRE: A bill (H. R. 4490) to establish a fish hatch titled ''An act to better define and regulate the rights of aliens to ery and fish station in the State of Maryland-to the Committee hold and own real estate in the Territories," approved March 2, on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. 1897-to the Committee on the District of Columbia. Also, a bill (H. R. 4491) to establish a permanent military camp By Mr. BISHOP: A bill (H. R. 4514) to provide for a naval ground in the vicinity of Oakland, in Garrett County, Md.-to the training station for the Great Lakes at Muskegon, Mich.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Committee on Naval Affairs. By Mr. ALLEN: A bill (H. R. 4492) to provide for the erection By Mr. FOSS: A bill (H. R. 4515) to prevent the desecration of of a public building at Portlan By Mr. HEPBURN: A bill (H. R. 4586) granting an increase Also. a bill (H. R. 462\5) granting a pension to Theresa B. Nash of pension to Elisha. Hammer-to the Committee on Invalid Pen to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4626) gr·anting a pension to Hattie U. Mathe By Mr. HERMANN: A bill (H. R. 4587) granting a pension to son-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Robert Sturgens-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4627) granting a pension to Annie Young Also, a bill (H. R. 4588) granting a pension to Rollin S. Bel to the Committ-ee on Invalid Pensions . . knap-to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4628) to repay $4:73.20 excess duties paid by Also, a bill (H. R. 4589) granting a pension to H. H. BatTett- Richard Hawley & Sons-to the Committee on Claims. to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. MADDOX: A bill (H. R. 4629) granting an increase Also, a bill (H. R. 4590) granting an increase of pen5ion to Dan of pension to Thomas C. Pond-to the Committee on Invalid iel Giles-to the Committee on Pensions. Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4591) for the relief of Henry H. Woodward Also, a bill (H. R. 4630) granting an increase of pension toT. S. to the Committee on Claims. Collins-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 451)2) for the relief of George D. Elgin-to Also, a bill. (H. R. 4631) gr·anting an increase of pension to the Committee on Claims. Julius Kraig-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. HOWELL of New Jersey: A bill (H. R. 4593) for the By Mr. MAHONEY: A bill (H. R. 4632) granting an increase of relief of Edgar Zielian-to the Committee on Claims. pension to Peter J. Lussem-to the Committee on Im·alid Pen Also, a bill (H. R. 4594) granting an increase of pension to sions. James Moss-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. MARSHALL: A bill (H. R. 4633) granting an increase By Mr. HUFF: A bill (H. R. 4595) gr·anting an increase of pen of pension to William Paul-to the Committee on Invalid Pen sion to Charles D. Fortney-to the Committee on Invalid Pen sions. sions. By Mr. McCLELLAN: A bill (H. R. 4634) granting an increase By Mr. HUNT: A bill (H. R. 4596) to correct the military record of pension to Randolph T. Stoops- to the Committee on Invalid of Ch~trles W. Howard-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Pensions. .Also, a bill (H. R. 4597) to correct the military record of James By Mr. McMORRAN: A bill (H. R. 4635) granting a pension H. Campbell-to the Committee on Military Affairs. to Susan Bigler Smith-to the Committee on Invalid Pansions. By Mr. JENKINS: A bill (H. R. 4598) granting a pension to By Mr. McCLEARY of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 4838) grant James M. Baker-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ing an increase of pension to Martin J . Severance-to the Com By Mr. KINKAID: A bill (H. R. 4599) granting a pension to mittee on Invalid Pensions. Ella F. Wbitehead-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. OVERSTREET: A bill (H. R. 4637) authorizing and Also, a bill {H. R. 4600) granting a pension to Jane Sloan-to directing the Sacretru:y of the Treasury to p:1y James L. Anderson the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the sum of $798.28-to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4601) gr·anting an increase of pension to Hi By Mr. PATTERSON of Tennessee: A bill (H. R. 4638) grant ram S. Kingsley-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ing an increase of pension to Mary E. Pillow-to the Committee Also, a bill (H. R. 4602) gr·anting an increase of pension to He on Pensions. lim Thompson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. PEARRE: A bill (H. R. 4639) for the relief of Horace By Mr. LAMAR of Missouri: A bill (H. R. 4603) to amend and Resley-to the Committee on Claims. correct the records of Company D, Seventh Regiment Provisional Also, a bill (H. R. 4640) granting an increase of pension to Enrolled Missouri Militia, by including the name of Valentine William H. Johnston-to the Committee on Invalid Pen ions. Fraker therein, with the dates of his enlistment and discharge Also a bill (H. R. 4641) to reimburse and indemnify the town to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of Frederick, in the State of Maryland-to the Committee on War Also, a bill (H. R. 4604) granting a pension to Christian Kloep Claims. pel-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. POWERS of Maine: A bill (H. R. 4642) granting an .Also, a bill (H. R. 4605) granting an increase of pension to Wil increase of pension to William L. Wheeler-to the Committee on liam Herlinger-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Invalid Pensions. By Mr. LAMAR of Florida: A bill (H. R. 4606) for the relief of By Mr. R.~...NSDELL of Louisiana: A bill (H. R. 4643) for the W. M. Quinn and George L. Long-to the Committee on Claims. relief of John McDonnell-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H.R.4607) for. the relief of John Barfield-to the By Mr. RICHARDSON of Alabama: A bill (H. R. 4644) for the Committee on War Claims. · relief of the heirs of John Meals, deceased-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 4608) for the relief of Capt. J. E. Turtle-to War Claims. the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4645) for the relief of Mrs. Bathsheba Gor Also, a bill (H. R. 4609) for the relief of the heirs at law of Ed don-to the Committee on War Claims. . ward N. Oldmixon-to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4646) for the relief of John Till-to the Com Also. a bill (H. R. 4610) for the relief of Samuel Puleston-to mittee on War Claims. the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4647) for the relief of John Jones-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 4611) for the relief of Sarah E. Caro and Committee on War Claims. Henry 0. Bassett-to the Committee on War Claims. Also: a bill (H. R. 4648) for the relief of Ann E. Damon-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 4612) for the relief of John Dunn-to the Committee on War Claims. Committee on-War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4649) for the relief of the legal representatives AI o, a bill (H. R. 4613) for the relief of B. W. Johnson-to of the estate of Thomas F. Brumby-to the Committee on War the Committee on Claims. Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4614) for the relief of Sarah A. Marcus-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4650) for the relief of Charity Bayed-to the the Committee on War Claims. Committee on W a.r Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4615) for the relief of William T. Bell-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4651) for the relief of Mrs. W. R. Britton the Committee on War Claims. to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4616) for the relief of the heirs at law:of Ed Also, a bill (H. R. 4652) for the relief of Mary J. Bailey-to the ward N. Oldmixon-to the Committee on War Claims. Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4617) for the relief of the heirs of Manette Also, a bill (H. R. 4653) for the relief of the heirs of James T. Marsons, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Anderson, deceased-to the Committee· on War Claims. .Also, a bill (H. R. 4618) for the relief of Chester P. Knapp, of Also; a bill (H. R. 4654) for the relief of the heirs of George W . Escambia County, Fla.-to the Committee on War Claims. Hughes-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4619) granting a pension to Susan Kent-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4655) granting an increase of pension to Henry the Committee on Pensions. Jeffers- to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4620) to remove the charge of desertion Also, a bill (H. R. 4656) to authorize and direct the Secretary from the military record of Andrew Brewton-to the Committee of War to grant an honorable discharge to Robert CI·ompton on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4621) releasing unto W. J. Cosgrove, Mary Also, a bill (H. R. 4657) to refer the claim against the United Cosgrove, Mary Ellen Aylward (born Cosgrove), and others any States of the heirs of Fabian Varin to the Court of Claims-to the rights the United States may have in certain lands in Pensacola, Committee on War Claims. · Fla.-to the Committee on the Public Lands. By 1\Ir. ROBERTS: A bill (H. R. 4658) raising the rank of By Mr. LUCKING: A bill (H. R. 4622) granting a pension to Surg. John W. Baker, on the retired list of the Navy-to the Com William E. Martin-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Naval Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4623) granting a pension to Electa L. Wil By Mr. RODEY: A bill (H. R. 4659) for the relief of John S. lard-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Van Doren-to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4624) granting a pension to Isabella Phelps Also, a bill (H. R. 4660 ) granting an increase of pension to to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Hep.ry _C. Reel-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 1903. CONGRESSION~L REOORD-~ HOUSE. By Mr. RYAN: A bill (H. R. 4661) for the relief of John Brill Summit Whitney, in said State-to the Committee on Military to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Affairs. By Mr. SHAFROTH: A bill (H. R. 4662) for the relief of the Also, resolution of George A. Custer Council, No. 22, Junior heirs of John Baxter-to the Committee on Indian Affairs. Order United American Mechanics, of Oakland, Cal., favoring Also, a bill (H. R. 4663) for the relief of Joseph D. Campbell restriction of immigration-to the Committee on Irilmigration. to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. DICK: Papers to accompany bill for relief of John A. Also, a bill (H. R. 4664) granting an increase of pension to Wanless-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Charles Carlisle-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. DRAPER: Resolution of the national executive com By Mr. SNOOK: A bill (H. R. 4665) granting a pension to:Ma mittee of the National German-American Alliance protesting lissa Thomas-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. against the passage of the so-called Hepburn bill-to the Commit Also, a bill (H. R. 4666) granting a pension to Albert Cogs tee on the Judiciary. well-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. ESCH: Resolution of Cigar Makers' Union No. 25, of Also, a bill (H. R. 4667) granting an increase of pension to Milwaukee, Wis., protesting against the passage of Cuban reci James Turner-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. procity bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, a bill (H. R. 4668) granting an increase of pension to Also, papers to accompany bill to increase pension of Mahlon Simon McCall-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Farmin_:_to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. SPARKMAN: A bill (H. R. 4669) granting an increase B1 Mr. HUFF: Resolution of the Pennsylvania Shoe Manufac of pension to Le·wis S. George-to the Committee-on Pensions. turers'Association,favoring35-footchannelfortheDelawareRiver, Also, a bill (H. R. 4670) granting a pension to Green W. Hodge pm·tof Philadelphia-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. to the Committee on Pensions. Also, resolution of the Grain and Flour Exchange of Pittsburg, Also a bill (H. R. 4671) for the relief of Adam L. Eichelberger Pa., favoring legislation enlarging powers of the Interstate Com to the Committee on War Claims. merce Commission-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Also, a bill (H. R. 4672) for the relief of Mariah L. Trowell, ad Commerce. ministratrix of Benjamin F. Trowell, deceased-to the Commit Also, resolution of the National German-American Alliance, tee on War Claims. against the passage of the Hepburn bill relative to interstate Also, a bill (H. R. 4673) for the relief of Carolyn :M. Mcllvain liquor traffic-to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on War Clainis. By Mr. HULL:· Paper to accompany bill H. R. 3240, to pension By Mr. STERLING: A bill (H. R. 4674) granting an increase Helen A. Scholes-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of pension to John Thompson-to the Committee on Invalid Pen Also, paper to accompany bill H. R. 3243, to increase pension sions. -- of Warren Closson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. THOMPSON: A bill (H. R. 4675) for the relief of the By Mr. KINKAID (by request): Petition of citizens of Atkin estate of Moses K. Wheat, deceased, late of Macon County, Ala. son, Nebr., protesting against passage of parcels-post bill-to the to the Committee on War Claims. Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. By Mr: TOWNSEND: A bill (H. R. 4676) granting an increase Also (by request), petition of citizens of Ainsworth, Nebr., of pension to James B. Judson-to the Committee on Invalid urging amendmerit.of the homestead laws-to the Committee on Pensions. the Public Lands. ' By Mr. WARNER: A bill (H. R. 4677) granting an increase of Also (by request), petition of citizens and freeholders of Wheeler pension to William Nichol-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. County, Nebr., favoring amendment of the homestead laws-to Also, a bill(H. ·R. 4678) grantinganincreaseofpensiontoJohn the Committee on the Public Lands. Magee-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also (by request), petition of citizens of Johnstown, Nebr., By Mr. WARNOCK: A bill (H. R. 4679) granting an increase favoring amendment of the homestead laws-to the Committee on of pension to Martha M. Pierce-to the Committee on Invalid the Public Lands. Pensions. Also (by request), petition by citizens of Cherry County, Nebr., By Mr. VAN VOORHIS: A bill (H. R. 4680) granting a pen favoring amendment of the homestead laws-to the Committee on sion to Jonas Ball-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Public Lands. Also (by request), petition of citizens of the State of Nebraska, favoring amendment of the homestead laws-to the Committee on PETITIONS, ETC. the Public Lands. · Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers By Mr. McCLEARY of Minnesota: Letter of theNational Cigar were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: Leaf Tobacco Association, opposing the Cuban reciprocity bill-to By Mr. ADAMS of Pennsylvania: Letter of the Iron Molders' the Committee on Ways and Means. Union of North America, No. 111, of Philadelphia, requesting the Also, letter of the Minnesota Commandery, Military Order of passage of an eight-hour law and an anti~injunction bill-to the the Loyal Legion bf the United States, favoring a service-pension Committee on Labor. law-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · Also, resolution of the Travelers' Protective Association, Post Also, letter of John A. Logan Regiment, No.2, Union Veteran B, Pennsylvania Division, relative to a 35-foot channel for the Union, St. Paul, Minn., favoring passage of a service-pension Delaware River, port of Philadelphia-to the Committee on Rivers law-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. and Harbors. By Mr. MORRELL: Resolution of the Travelers' Protective Also, resolution of the National German-American Alliance, Association, Post B. Pennsylvania Division, relative to a 35-foot agairist -the passage of the Hepburn bill, relating to interstate channel for the Delaware River, port of Philadelphia-to the liquor traffic-to the Committee on the Judiciary. C_,ommittee on Rivers and Harbors. By Mr. BADGER: Resolution of J. C. McCoy Post, No.1, Grand Also, resolution of the National German-American Alliance, .Almy of the Republic, Columbus, Department of Ohio, relative to against the passage of the Hepburn bill relating to interstate the use of old Springfield rifles by Old Guards and Grand Army liquor traffic-to the Committee on the Judiciary. of the Republic drill corps in such organizations of the United By Mr. NEEDHAM: Petition of Sacramento Chamber of Com States-to the Committee on Military Affairs. merce, relating to the establishment of an additional Federal court Also, resolution of J. M. Wells Post, No. 451, Grand Army of to be located at the city of Sacramento, CaL-to the Committee the Republic, Columbus, Department of Ohio, relative to the use on the Judiciary. of old Springfield rifles by Old Guards and Grand Army of the By Mr. OVERSTREET: Papers to aecompany bill for relief of Repliblic drill corps in such organizations of the United States James L. Anderson-to the Committee on Claims. to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. POWERS of Maine: Papers to accompany bill to in By Mr. BIRDSALL: Papers to accompany bill to increase pen crease pension of William L. Wheeler-to the Committee on In sion of James Mattingly-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. valid Peneions. By Mr. BURKETT: Paper to accompany bill to increase pen By 1\fr. RUPPERT: Resolution of the National German-Ameri sion of William McBrien-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. can Alliance, against the passage of the Hepburn bill relative to Also, letter from Charles Weston, Lincoln, Nebr., in favor of interstate liquor traffic. denying the use of the mails to fraudulent insurance companies By Mr. RYAN: Paper to accompany bill H. R. 4365, to pen to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. sion Barney L. Brookins-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, paper to accompany bill to pension Victor Vifquain-to By Mr. SMITH of New York: Petition of Leonard Govern and the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 89 other citizens of Stamford, N. Y., urging an amendment to By Mr. CALDERHEAD: Resolution of National German-Amer the Constitution defining legal maniage to be monogamic, and ican Alliance against the passage of the Hepburn bill, relating to making polygamy a crime against the United States, etc.-to the interstate liquor traffic-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on the- Judiciary. · By Mr. CALDWELL: Petition of Elsie Peiffer, of Pana, Ill., for By Mr. WANGER: Resolution of the board of dh·ectors of the pension-to the Committee on Pensions. Grain and Flour Exchange of Pittsburg, Pa., favoring enlarge By Mr. DANIELS: Resolution of the board of supervisors of ment of the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission-to Inyo County, Cal., favoring the construction of a trail to the the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. \.