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From Taleigao Plateau, Goa, India OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa fs dedfcated to bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally by publfshfng peer-revfewed arfcles onlfne every month at a reasonably rapfd rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org . All arfcles publfshed fn JoTT are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonal Lfcense unless otherwfse menfoned. JoTT allows unrestrfcted use of arfcles fn any medfum, reproducfon, and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of publfcafon. Journal of Threatened Taxa Bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onlfne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Note A checklfst of butterflfes (Insecta: Lepfdoptera) from Talefgao Plateau, Goa, Indfa Dfpak Bowalkar, Nadar Anal Gracy Mfchael, Kfran Gaude & I.K. Paf 26 August 2017 | Vol. 9| No. 8 | Pp. 10626–10630 10.11609/jot. 2687 .9. 8. 10626-10630 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Polfcfes and Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT For Arfcle Submfssfon Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdelfnes For Polfcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Polfcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Publfsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2017 | 9(8): 10626–10630 Note Plateaus are characteristic A checklist of butterflies features of Goa (Alvares 2002). They (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Taleigao are intermediate areas between Plateau, Goa, India ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) the Western Ghats and the coastal ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) plains and are known to harbor Dipak Bowalkar 1, Nadar Anal Gracy Michael 2, endemic plants of the Western Kiran Gaude 3 & I.K. Pai 4 OPEN ACCESS Ghats (Joshi & Janarthanam 2004). The most prominent plateaus in 1,2,3,4 Department of Zoology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India Goa are Pernem, Mopa, Morgim, 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], Assonora, Ponda, Kundaim, Betul, 3 [email protected] (corresponding author), 4 Sanvordem and Quepem. Plateaus are often considered [email protected] as barren lands and hence they were the natural choice for setting up developmental projects (Alvares 2002; Desai & Shanbhag 2012). Taleigao plateau (Fig. 1) is not in his photographic guide dealt with common butterfly an exception to this and several state institutions, hostels species of Goa, though he did not mention the total and residential areas have been set up in this area. It number of species. Recently Rangnekar & Dharwadkar covers an area of about 296ha with moist deciduous (2009) reported three new butterfly species, Black- forest mixed with evergreen species, scrub jungle and Vein Sergeant Athyma ranga Moore, White-banded lateritic vegetation and is surrounded by sloping valleys Awl Hasora taminatus (Hubner) and Coon Psolos fuligo and alluvial plains of two rivers—Mandovi in the north (Mabille), making a total of 254 species to the butterfly and Zuari in the south (Desai & Shanbhag 2012). This fauna of Goa. However, there is hardly any report plateau encompasses Goa University campus spanning of butterfly diversity from this regions. It was in this an area of 173ha, residential buildings and Dr. Shyama context that the present work was undertaken. Prasad Mukherjee Indoor Stadium. With regards to Field investigations at Taleigao plateau (Fig. 1) at the biodiversity of Taleigao plateau, the flora (Joshi 15.4588333 N & 073.8340556 E carried out from June & Janarthanam 2004) and avifauna (Shanbhag & 2014 to July 2015. During the study period Sunday Gramopadhye 1993; Shyama & Gowthaman 1995; Desai mornings between 07:00–10:30 hr were utilized for & Shanbhag 2012) is well documented. the study purpose. The butterflies were documented Gaonkar (1996) documented 251 species from the by direct observation, random walks and opportunistic state. Subsequently, Pai & Mehndiratta (2001) have sightings (Murugesan et al. 2013). Visually encountered documented 52 species. Later Borkar & Komarpant butterflies were identified on the field using photographic (2004) reported 97 butterfly species from Bondla guides of Rangnekar (2007) and Kehimkar (2008). Wildlife Sanctuary. Recently, Gaude & Janarthanam A total of 98 species belonging to 72 genera were (2015) reported 33 butterfly species from four sacred recorded (Table 1), which constitutes about 39% of the groves of Goa, viz., Nirankarachi Rai, Alvatinichi Rai, known butterfly fauna for the state. This includes 34 Mharinginichi Rai and Azobachi Rai. Rangnekar (2007) species of Nymphalidae, followed by Lycaenidae (25 DOI: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2687.9.8.10626-10630 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:595ECA1F-FF9A-40F2-9472-39E9AB90C5BC Editor: George Mathew, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, India. Date of publication: 26 August 2017 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 2687 | Received 01 February 2017 | Final received 27 June 2017 | Finally accepted 03 August 2017 Citation: Bowalkar, D., N.A.G. Michael, K. Gaude & I.K. Pai (2017). A checklist of butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Taleigao plateau, Goa, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 9(8): 10626–10630; http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2687.9.8.10626-10630 Copyright: © Bowalkar et al. 2017. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Funding: None. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Acknowledgements: Authors are thankful to Department of Zoology, Goa University for providing necessary facilities. 10626 Taleigaon plateau butterflies Bowalkar et al. in their respective studies observed a similar pattern of dominance (Kunte 1997; Kunte et al. 1999; Eswaran & Pramod 2005; Dolia et al. 2008; Krishnakumar et al. 2008; Gaude & Janarthanam 2015). Plateaus in Goa are known for their rich floral diversity (Joshi & Janarthanam 2004). In the present study, family Lycaenidae was the second largest family, with 25 butterfly species; Nimbalkar et al. (2011) got similar results. It is known that members of Lycaenidae largely feed on grasses (Nimbalkar et al. 2011) and the vegetation of Taleigao Plateau is also dominated by herbs, shrubs and rough grass species interspersed with trees. At the study site grass species persist from June to late December, hence it could be a good host for the members of the Lycaenidae family. This is followed by the family Hesperiidae with 16 species. This clearly indicates the importance of the plateaus for the members of the family Hesperiidae. This plateau is infested with invasive plant species such as Chromolaena odorata, i.e., known for its high nectar production (Laxmi & Raju 2011) and Lantana camara that flowers throughout the year and is a good source of nectar for butterflies (Day et al. 2003), which could be some of the reasons for the wide assemblage of butterfly species. Findings of the present study underline the Figure 1. Study Area - Taleigao Plateau importance of Taleigao plateau as a preferred habitat for butterflies. The presence of endemic and schedule butterfly species, viz., Papilio Buddha, Troides minos, species), Hesperiidae (16 species), Pieridae (13 species), Altrophaneura hector, Castalius rosimon, Hypolimnas and Papilionidae with 11 species. Of the 98 butterfly misippus, Lampides boeticus, Euchrysops cnejus, Jamides species, two species, the Malabar-banded Peacock celeno, Pareronia valeria, Cepora nerissa, Euploea Papilio buddha (Image 1e) and the Southern Birdwing core also indicates the importance of this plateau for Troides minos (Image 1h) are endemic to the Western butterflies. The management of landscape, as well as Ghats and 10 species, viz., Southern Birdwing, Crimson of their food plants, may help to maintain and increase Rose Altrophaneura hector (Image 1d), Common Pierrot the butterfly diversity on the plateau. In the present Castalius rosimon (Image g), Danied Eggfly Hypolimnas scenario, plateau after plateau has been encroached misippus, Pea Blue Lampides boeticus, Gram Blue upon for various mega projects, which doesn’t bode Euchrysops cnejus (Image 1f), Common Cerulean well for conservation of biodiversity of these unique Jamides celeno, Common Wanderer Pareronia valeria habitats. It is imperative to carry out systematic studies (Image 1c), Common Gull Cepora nerissa (Image 1b), on the flora and fauna on a number of plateaus in the Common Crow Euploea core (Image 1a) are protected region, identify them as protected sites, such that, these under the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act (1972). Of plateaus with grassland patches can be conserved. these, Troides minos, Altrophaneura hector, Castalius rosimon, Hypolimnas misippus have been placed as References Schedule I; Lampides boeticus, (Euchrysops cnejus), Jamides celeno, Pareronia valeria, and Cepora nerisa in Alvares, C. (2002). Fish Curry Rice. The Goa Foundation, 376pp. Euploea core Borkar, M.R. & N. Komarpant (2004). Diversity, abundance and Schedule II and under Schedule III species. habitat associations of butterfly species in Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary Family Nymphalidae was the most dominant among of Goa, India. Zoos’ Print Journal 19(10): 1648–1653; http://doi. the families reported. Availability of larval host plants org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1192.1648-53 Day, M.D., C.J. Wiley, J. Playford & M.P. Zalucki (2003). Lantana: and adult nectar plants could be one of the reasons for Current Management,
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