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Research and Applications of Traditional Knowledge Based Biotechnologies in Sri Lanka: Past Perspectives, Current Status and Future Trends”

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0 Symposium on “Research and Applications of Traditional Knowledge Based Biotechnologies in Sri Lanka: Past Perspectives, Current Status and Future Trends” Organized by The Science & Technology Advisory Committee In collaboration with the Sectional Committees B, D, E2 & F of the Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science 30 May, 2019 Industrial Technology Institute Auditorium, Colombo 7 PROGRAMME & ABSTRACT BOOK 1 MESSAGE FROM THE CHIEF GUEST It gives me great pleasure to send this message on the occasion of the first of the SLAAS Biotechnology symposium series 2019, on research and practices of traditional knowledge-based biotechnologies in Sri Lanka. Biotechnology has increased the value of genetic resources and related traditional knowledge of local, indigenous and farming communities. Novel biotechnological developments, clearly demonstrate the significance and usefulness of traditional knowledge for the development of new products of commercial importance. Sri Lanka being a biodiversity hotspot and blessed with a rich culture of traditional knowledge, awaits a strong impetus of the local biotech industry to contribute to the national economy. SLAAS efforts should result in strengthening effects of all in addressing challenges faced in our biodiversity sector as well as in realizing the strength of our traditional knowledge. I hope that the useful deliberations would stimulate the younger generations of scientists to pursue research in these important areas to impact our economy. I wish the symposium much success. I take this opportunity to congratulate SLAAS for spearheading promotion of science for 75 years in Sri Lanka! Mr. Chinthaka S Lokuhetti Secretary Ministry of Science, Technology and Research 2 MESSAGE FROM THE GENERAL PRESIDENT OF SLAAS It is with great pleasure that I welcome all of you to the first symposium of the SLAAS Biotechnology symposia series in 2019. SLAAS being the premier body of scientists in Sri Lanka, is proud to celebrate 75 years of national service in promoting science in the island in 2019. The SLAAS theme for 2019 is “ Biotechnology for a sustainable future’. Aligning with the theme for this year ‘Biotechnology for a sustainable future’, the SLAAS Biotechnology symposia series 2019, will be based on 7 different branches of biotech (i.e. traditional knowledge based, agricultural, medical, industrial, environment, reproductive, nanobiotech. Each symposium will attempt to summarize applications and research under that specific area of biotech taking into account with an audit on past and current research and the existing gaps to be addressed in the future as pertinent to Sri Lanka. The inaugural symposium is aptly based on traditional knowledge based biotechnologies that have been in practice in our country for centuries. Incorporating modern science and technology into research on traditional knowledge based biotechnology, is deemed to produce marketable outputs so that in due course these will ultimately contribute to the GDP of the country. A new trend of thinking based on the concept of ‘knowledge engineering’ for building future ‘knowledge industries’ is now getting greater attention and acceptance globally. Hence the focus of this symposium is important, relevant and timely. Finally, I must record my deep sense of appreciation and gratitude for all the determined efforts and hard work put in by the symposium sub-committee members. Our profound thanks go out to Dr. Sirimal Premakumara for helping us lineup this impressive list of speakers and of course for delivering the key note address. All other speakers are gratefully acknowledged for sharing their knowledge and experience in relevant fields of their expertise. SLAAS is deeply grateful to the sponsors of this event, Analytical Instruments (Pvt) Ltd., Astron Ltd., Link Natural Products (Pvt) Ltd., Hettigoda Industries (Pvt) Ltd., and Beam Hela Osu Lanka (Pvt) Ltd. I wish the symposium much success. Prof. Preethi V Udagama 3 Programme 8.00 a. m. – 8.45 a. m. Registration 9.00 a.m. National Anthem Traditional lighting of the oil lamp Welcome Address Prof. Preethi Udagama General President Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science 9.20 a.m. Address by the Chief Guest Mr. Chinthaka S Lokuhetti Secretary, Ministry of Science, Technology & Research 9.30 a.m. Culture vs. nature or nature in culture: a historical review on Biology related activities in Sri Lanka Prof. Raj Somadeva Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology University of Kelaniya 10.15 a.m. Key Note Address Research and applications of traditional knowledge based biotechnologies in Sri Lanka: past perspectives, current status & future trends Dr. Sirimal Premakumara Faculty of Nursing, University of Colombo; former Director General of the Industrial Technology Institute 11.00 a.m. TEA 11.30 a.m. Our genetic resources and traditional medicine Dr. Danister Perera Ayurveda Physician 4 12.00 p.m. Traditional knowledge and organic agriculture Prof. P I Yapa Professor in Ecological Agriculture University of Sabaragamuwa 12.30 p.m. Conventional biotechnology: application of prebiotics & probiotics in the food industry Dr. Ilmi Hewajulige Senior Deputy Director, Food Technology Section Industrial Technology Institute 1.00 p.m. Intellectual property rights of traditional knowledge based biotechnology: a Sri Lankan perspective Dr. Sampath Punchihewa Faculty of Law, University of Colombo 1.30 p.m. Sociological aspects concerning traditional knowledge based biotechnology Prof. Subhangi Herath Department of Sociology, University of Colombo 2.00 p.m. Panel discussion 2.25 p.m. Vote of Thanks Prof. Chamari Hettiarchchi Secretary, SLAAS Science & Technology Advisory Committee 2.30 p.m. LUNCH 5 Culture vs. nature or nature in culture: a historical review on biology related activities in Sri Lanka Prof. Raj Somadeva Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology Kelaniya University [[email protected]] Lower limits of the cultural history in Sri Lanka could be pushed back to the middle Pleistocene geological epoch, based on the available evidence. It is archaeologically confirmed that the presence of Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) in the southern maritime littoral areas around 125,000 BP. Arrival of AMH has been described within the framework of the assumption regarding the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa, possibly triggered off as early as 270,000 years ago and certainly during 130,000 to 115,000 ago. The distribution of the prehistoric sites in Sri Lanka, especially those representing upper Palaeolithic technological traits in the material repertoire, strongly suggests that the migrants had moved into the hinterland crossing distinct climatic zones in the country. Dispersal throughout ecologically diverse regimes affected the symbiosis or interdependence they maintained with the environment. Understanding of the behavioural peculiarities of the early inhabitants is merely confined to environmentally resistant artifacts such as lithic implements and bones of hunted animals. The thinking of the prehistoric inhabitants which had come to the fore in a slightly late phase, but developed and practiced by the successors of the early migrants could be gleaned through modern scientific ideas of biotechnology and biodynamics. Clear indication of food processing by the cave inhabitants marks a turning point. Evidence pertaining to the attempt of using temperature to alter the chemical structure of foodstuffs unearthed was dated to 13000 cal.BP. Some of the burnt animal bones excavated from prehistoric habitation debris are the residues of animal flesh roasted to increase its desirability of consumption. It is reasonable to think that such knowledge may have been acquired accidentally by the taste of the burnt carcasses of wild animals after intermittent forest fires. Several case studies show that the prehistoric groups had thought to utilize external chemical compounds to process their food. One of the bold examples is the finding of the use of salt reported from Kitulgala Alulena cave. Archaeologists have unearthed a collection of seashells from this location that has been identified as a borrowing with salt brought to the cave. Application of salt on meat before roasting facilitates the re-sorption of the water embedded in the meat and the roasting makes it crispier. Another bio-mechanism utilized by our ancestors was the control of micro-organisms for food processing. Reference to the preparation of curd is frequently available in the early 6 inscriptions. This is also applicable to making alcoholic drinks. The two words ‘raha’ and ‘mera’ are used to describe the alcoholic liquids in ancient literature and it exemplifies the fluids distilled from natural flowers of coconut and other Palmyra trees and by fermentation of grains respectively. Concentration upon the biomechanisms was also a vital cognitive extension of the early inhabitants in Sri Lanka. Some evidence has been unearthed to show that there was an interest among the prehistoric cave dwellers to monitor the seasonal changes. It was done by the deliberate observations on the movements of the stars which could be seen with the naked eye from our latitude. This paper seeks to review such innovative attempts by the ancient inhabitants in Sri Lanka. Key words: biotechnology, historical knowledge, biomechanism 7 Key Note Address Research and applications of traditional knowledge based biotechnologies in Sri Lanka: past perspectives, current status & future trends Dr. Sirimal Premakumara Faculty of Nursing, University of
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