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CIassif ication, reconstructed phylogeny' and zoogeography of Petho Latreill'e (coleopteia: Heteromera: Pythidae ) based on study of }arval, pupal, and adulÈ stages by Darren Àndrerl PoIlock À lhesís presented to the University of Manitoba in fulf i lIment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Department of Entomology Un iversi !y of I'lanítoba. Wi nn i peg ' Man i loba @ Darren Andrew PoIlock' 1988 Perníssíon has been granted L'autorisation a êtê accordée to the National Líbrary of å la Bibliothèque nationale canada to nicrofiln t.hIc du canaCla de nícrofilner thesls and to lend or eel1 cette thèse et de prêter ou copiee of the filnr. de vendre dee exemplaires du fil¡¡. The author (copyríght owner ) L'auteur ( titulaire du droit has reserved ot.her d'auteur) se rêserve leB publ lcat ion ríghts, and autres droits de publ Ícat lon i neither the thesís nor ni la t.hèee ni de longe extensive extractc from ít extralts de ceIIe-ci ne nay be prínted or otherwise clo l vent etre lnprrmea ou reproduceil wlthout hi e/her autrenent reproduits 6anB son written per4i seíon. autorlsation êcr íte. rsBN o-3L5-47944-2 CLASSIFICATION, R,ECONSTRUCTED PHYLOGENY, AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF PYTHO LATREILLE (COLEOPTERA¡ HETEROMERA: PYTIIIDAE) BASED ON STUDY OF LARVAL, PUPÀL, AND ADULT STAGES BY DARREN ANDREÍ.I POLLOCK A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirentents of the degree of }ÍASTER OF SCIENCE o 1988 Permissiou has been grairted to the LIBRARY OF THE UNMR- SITY OF MANITOBA to lend or sell copies of this thesis. to the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA tO MiC¡OfiINì this thesis and to lend or sell copies of the film, and UNIVERSITY lVf ICROFILMS to publish an abstract of this thesis. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts from it may be printed o¡ other- wise reproduced without the autho¡'s written pernrissiorr. I hereby declare lhat I am the sole author of this thesis' I authorize the University of Manitoba to lend this thesis to other irifil"llãr, oi indíuidruis for rhe purpose of scholarly research. Darren Àndrer¡ Polloc k I further authorize lhe university of l,!aniEoba to reproduce lhis thesis ¡v-piróio"opying or by other means,- in-totaL or in part, at. the request ;i ãlh;; i'nåti[utionË or individuats for the purpose of scholarlv research. Darren Àndrelr Pollock The UnÍversity of Manitoba requires the signatures of al1 persons using åi-pl,oioãopyii,9 this thesis. PIease sign below, and give address and date. ÀCKNOWLEDGMENTS I an very grateful for the kind assislance received from the various private collectors and curalors of museum coLlections, whose specimens formed the basis of my study. I am especially indebted to the following curators who loaned me type maleriall L. Jessop (BMNH)r S' Koponen (naru), s. Takagi (HUs), o. Merkl (TMB), s.R. shaw (Mcz)' H' silfverberg (zMH), F. Hieke (ZMHB), and G. scherer (zsl't) . Throughout my study, I obLained gifts of specimens and advice, both of which were invaluable' I should Like to !hank the following for !heir generous contributions: B. and J. Carrr R.C. Crawr R.À. Cro!¡son' N. Hayashi r S' Hisamatsu, J'F' Larlrence, R' Pettersson, and D.K. Young. Dean of AgriculLure R'C' McGinnis provided part of my financial support during my programme, and for his assistance I am very grateful' I would especially Like to thank R.E' Roughley, who has allowed ne to explore an interesting group of beetles, and also has aIlor¡ed the academic Ìatitude needed to appreciate systemalic research. I]¡ithout his financial and other support, I surely would not have been able to carry out this study. To the other menbers of ny committee, Drs' T'D' Galloway and B. J. Hannr I express rny gratitude for suggestions and guidance. For obtaining many references, I should like to thank profusely, the diligenl workers in the Interlibrary Loan Depârtnent of Etizabelh Dafoe Library. For help tiith translation, I thank RoIf Beutel, Ingolf Àskevold, Germaine Lé9er, and Roger Pettersson' I âm lV - qrateful- to Dr. B. Dronzek and B' Luit for the use of the scannlng electron microscope. Finally, I thank Lisa Reíchert, for helping vith the illustrations and he).ping return foans' but especialLy for her understanding and patience lhrough the past several years' TÀBI.,E OF CONTENTS pa9e x11 xLlL LIST OF FIGI'RES xvll ÀBSTRÀCT " " 1 I. iNÍRODUCTION OF PYIHIDÀE 3 II. CONSTIN'ENTS ÀND SYSTEMÀTIC PLÀCEMENT I III. NÀnJRÀL HISToRY OF PYTHO tÞ IV. HISTORICÀ! REVIEI{ 22 V. MÀTERIÀLS ÀND I'ÍETHODS 22 5.1 MÀTERIÀLS 28 5.2 UETHoDS 28 5,2.1 Generatized methods - a-!! staoes 5.2.2 Generalized nethods - irunature ståqes ' 5,2.3 Generalizedl nethods - adlul! staoe ' ' ' ' 5.3 SPECIES ÀND SPECIES-GRoUP coNcEPTg 36 5.3.1 Speciee conceDt8 5.3.2 SPecies-orouo conceÞt VI . REÀRING METHODS VII. TÀXONOI.IIC CITÀRÀCTERS ÀI¡D TERI'ÍS 7.'1 ÀDI'LT STÀGE 7.2 T.,ÀRVAL SBÀGE q¿ 7.3 EgPÀt STÀGE VIII, CI'ÀSSIFICÀTION 8.1 ÀDI'LT STÀGE 58 8.2 LÀRVÀIJ STÀGE , 64 66 8.3 PUEÀ! srÀGE , 59 8.4 EEyg ro IloRLp SPECIES OF PYrflo 8.4.1 Kev to ailulÈg 69 8,4.2 Kev to mature larvae ' ' ' 73 8.4.3 Kev to knonn ouoae 75 IX. INDIVIDUÀI., SPECIES TREATI{ENTS ' 17 9.1 ryIË9. SEIDLITZI Blair, 1925 ' 17 9.1,1 Adlult stãqê . , ' ' ' ' 1'1 9.1.2 Larval staoe 81 9.1.3 EuEgI staoe . 83 9.1,4 Natural historv 84 9.1 .5 Distribuhion 85 9.1,6 ChoroLooical relationshios 86 9.1.7 PhfÀSS$e!þ relationshios 86 9.2 PYTHO STRICTUS Leconte' 1866 87 9.2.1 ÀÉlult 6taqe . 87 9.2.2 L¡rval staoe 91 9.2.3 PgBI staoe . ' 92 9.2.4 Natural historv 93 9.2.5 Dislribubion 94 9.2,6 Chorotooical relationships ' 94 9. 2.7 Phvlooenetic relationshios 94 95 9.3 PYTHO KOLI|ENSIS C. Sahlberg, 1833 9.3. 1 Àdlult 6taae . 95 9.3.2 Larval ståqe ' 100 - v11 9.3.3 Puoa!. staoe . 101 9. 3.4 Natural hiatory l03 9. 3. s Distribution 103 9.3.6 Choroloqical relationships 104 9.3.7 Phvlooenetic relationships 104 9.4 PlEg NMLIS Lewis, 1888 105 '105 9.4. 1 Àclult staqe . 9.4.2 Larval staoe 110 9.4.3 Puoal staoe . 112 9.4.4 Natural historv 112 9.4, 5 Díslribution 112 9.4.6 9þ¡-9I9S-!Sê! relationshios 113 9.4.7 PhyLgSlEË-g retationshios 113 9.5 ryIË9. NIGER KirbY, 1837 114 9.5.1 ÀdluLt staoe . 114 9. 5.2 L,arval staoe 120 121 9,5.3 PUpeI slaqe . 9. 5.4 Natural hi storv 122 9, 5.5 Di stribution 123 9. 5.6 Choroloqícal relationshi¡s 124 9. 5. ? Phyl-gggtg!!-q relatíonshipE 124 125 9.6 9ITH9. ÀBIETICOLÀ J. Sahlberg' 1875 . : ' ' ' 12s 9.5. 1 Àdult staoe . 9.5.2 L,arval Etaoe 130 9.6.3 Plpel staqe . 9.6.4 Natural Hisbore 133 171 9. 6.5 Di str ibution - vI11 - 9.6.6 Choroloqical relationshios 134 9.6.7 Phvlooenetic relationshios 134 135 9.7 EIIË9. JEZOENSIS Kôno, 1936 9.7.1 Àdult staoe . 135 9.?.2 Larva1 g9¡gg 139 9.7.3 Puoa1 6taqè . 140 9.7 .4 Natural hi sÈorv 140 9.7. 5 Distr ibuÈion 141 9. 7.6 Chorolooical relationshios 141 9. 7. 7 PjylgSgqÊlj-q relationshios 141 142 9.8 PY'rH9. E!å!Ug (oIivier, 1795) 9.8. 1 Àdult BÈaoe . 143 9.8.2 Larval gLagg 149 9.8. 3 Puoal staoe . tJt 9.8.4 Natural hi6lorv 1q) I Ea 9,8.5 Di sÈribuLion '1 9.8. 6 Chorolooical relat ionshios 53 9.8.7 PhvloqeneÈic relationshios 153 154 9.9 ryrHg. DEPRESSUS (Linnaeus, 1767) I EC 9.9. 1 Àdu1t staoe . 9.9.2 Larval staqe 1s8 9,9.3 Elpd staqe . 160 9.9.4 þlglel historv tbt 9.9. 5 DisLribulion 162 9,9.6 Choroloqical relationshios 162 9.9.7 Phvloqenetic relationships 162 9.10 SPECIES OF I'NCERTÀIN PLÀCEMENT 163 164 X, PHYLOGENY '1 164 0,1 PYTHINÀE ÀS À MONOPHYLETIC IJNIT 10.2 PYTHo ÀS à I,foNoPHyLETIC tNiT 165 10.3 EIË98 tb5 169 10.4 ÀNÀLYSIS OF CHÀRÀCTERS 10.4. 1 L,arval character6 159 10.4.2 Àdlult characters 171 177 XI . ZOOGEOGRÀPHY 17't 11.1 !N!89Duc'!19!. '1 181 1.2 ZOOGEOGRÀPHY AND EVOIWION OF PYTHINÀE 186 11 .3 ZOOGEOGRÀPHY OF CT¡ÀDES OF PYTHO 186 1 1 .3.1 !¡!¡-g.d!sË-e!. 11,3.2 P-. gs!-tlElzå-sroup . 187 11.3.3 P. kolsensis- and !. qlgg¡-groups 187 11.3.4 P. leÞressus-group . 190 '1 1.3.5 PleisÈocene events . 191 193 XII. CONCII'DING REI.ÍÀRKS 196 XIII. REFERENCES CITED ÀPPENDIX " ' Page À. IOCÀLITY RECORDS 264 À.1 ryrHg. SEIDEITZI À.2 P!Eg. srRrcns 275 276 A.3 PYTHO KOII{ENSIS 278 À.4 E!IHq NrVÀLrs A.5 PlËq NIGER . 278 290 4.6 BEIH9 ÀBIETICOÌ,À 292 A.7 PYTHO JEZOENSIS À.8 PYIHO PLÀNUS 293 À.9 ElËg. pEPRESSUS 317 T.,IST OF TÀBIJES Table ' Page 1. selected features of samples of seidlitzi Measurements of !. go f rom Ghost Danr ÀLberta and LanieL, ouebäc . '-. l-l-l-ll . .) Measurenents of selected features of sampLes of g. strictus f rom various localities in eastern North Amer ica 90 J.
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    Revista peruana de biología 25(3): 321 - 324 (2018) Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families.ISSN-L 1561-0837 Pythidae doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v25i3.15215 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM NOTA CIENTÍFICA Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Pythidae Solier, 1834 Escarabajos (Coleoptera) de Peru: Un muestreo de las familias. Pythidae Solier, 1834 Darren A. Pollock Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, 1500 S. Avenue K, Portales, NM, USA, 88130. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The diversity of the family Pythidae (Coleoptera) is summarized for Peru. One genus (Ischyomius Chevrolat) and two species are recorded. Comments are given on classification and distribution of the family, as well as known biology and natural history, the latter based primarily on larval stages. Based on label data from pre- viously examined specimens and from newly collected material, species of Ischyomius appear to be closely associated with several monocot plant families within order Zingerberales. Ischyomius singularis Chevrolat is recorded from Huánuco and Lima, while I. bicolor Champion is known from Loreto and Madre de Dios; specific collection localities are given. Keywords: biodiversity; Neotropical; Zingerberales; checklist; dead log beetles. Resumen La diversidad de la familia Pythidae (Coleoptera) se resume para Perú. Se registra un género (Ischyomius Chevrolat) y dos especies. Los comentarios se dan sobre la clasificación y distribución de la familia, así como la biología conocida y la historia natural, esto último basado principalmente en etapas larvarias. Basándose en datos de etiquetas de especímenes previamente examinados y de material recién recolectado, las espe- cies de Ischyomius parecen estar estrechamente asociadas con varias familias de plantas monocotiledóneas dentro del orden Zingerberales.
  • A New Species of Ischyomius from Venezuela (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Pythidae) with a Revised Key to World Species

    A New Species of Ischyomius from Venezuela (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Pythidae) with a Revised Key to World Species

    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 6: 69-74A new (2009) species of Ischyomius from Venezuela with a revised key to world species 69 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.6.81 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new species of Ischyomius from Venezuela (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Pythidae) with a revised key to world species Darren A. Pollock Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:A9B3DFD3-6391-4E1D-8894-53B148A3322B Corresponding author: Darren A. Pollock ([email protected]) Academic editor: Warren Steiner | Received 19 December 2008 | Accepted 18 February 2009 | Published 11 March 2009 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:93D507B3-AD8F-46D9-9E8C-F209C65A8D2A Citation: Pollock DA (2009) A new species of Ischyomius from Venezuela (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Pythidae) with a revised key to world species. ZooKeys 6: 69-74. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.6.81 Abstract A new species – Ischyomius escalonai – is described from Venezuela (type locality: Lara, Yacumbú National Park, El Blanquito). Males of I. escalonai have distinctive genitalia with very short accessory lobes, and both sexes have simple elytral apices, without the spine that is present in almost all other species of the genus. Th e type specimens of I. escalonai were collected in association with dry leaves of Bird of Paradise (Strelitzia sp.) plants. A revised key to species of Ischyomius is provided. Keywords beetles, new species, Neotropical, Pythidae, Venezuela Introduction As outlined by Pollock (1998, 2007), the genus Ischyomius has been, until recently, an enigma within the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. After historical placements in Tenebrionidae, Melandryidae, Tetratomidae and Trictenotomidae, the genus now has a solid placement within Pythidae.
  • Nitidulidae 317 Nomina Insecta Nearctica

    Nitidulidae 317 Nomina Insecta Nearctica

    316 NOMINA INSECTA NEARCTICA Carpophilus brevipennis Blanchard 1842 (Nitidula) Colopterus maculatus Erichson 1843 (Colastus) Carpophilus lacertosus Murray 1864 Syn. Colopterus morio Erichson 1843 (Colastus) Carpophilus purpureipennis Murray 1864 Syn. Colopterus semitecta Say 1825 (Niditula) Carpophilus ignobilis Fall 1910 Syn. Colopterus testaceus Gillogly 1969 (Colopterus) Carpophilus californicus Schaeffer 1911 (Carpophilus) Colopterus truncata Randall 1838 (Nitidula) Carpophilus corticinus Erichson 1843 (Carpophilus) Colastus infimus Erichson 1843 Syn. Carpophilus craigheadi Dobson 1972 (Carpophilus) Colastus limbatus LeConte 1858 Syn. Carpophilus deflexus Sharp 1889 (Carpophilus) Colastus obliquus LeConte 1858 Syn. Carpophilus dimidiata Fabricius 1792 (Nitidula) Colastus triangularis Murray 1864 Syn. Carpophilus pusillus Stephens 1830 Syn. Colopterus unicolor Say 1825 (Nitidula) Carpophilus auropilosus Wollaston 1854 Syn. Colastus obscurus Erichson 1843 Syn. Nitidula contingens Walker 1858 Syn. Carpophilus puberulus Montrouzier 1860 Syn. Conotelus Erichson 1842 Carpophilus ochropterus Klug 1862 Syn. Carpophilus dilutus Murray 1864 Syn. Conotelus fuscipennis Erichson 1843 (Conotelus) Carpophilus limbalis Murray 1864 Syn. Conotelus punctatus Schaeffer 1911 Syn. Carpophilus nigritus Murray 1864 Syn. Conotelus mexicanus Murray 1864 (Conotelus) Carpophilus robustus Murray 1864 Syn. Conotelus obscurus Erichson 1843 (Conotelus) Carpophilus testaceus Murray 1864 Syn. Conotelus stenoides Murray 1864 (Conotelus) Carpophilus vittiger Murray 1864
  • Four Highlights from Natura 2000 Forests NGO Recommendations on Management Four Highlights from Natura 2000 Forests: NGO Recommendations on Management

    Four Highlights from Natura 2000 Forests NGO Recommendations on Management Four Highlights from Natura 2000 Forests: NGO Recommendations on Management

    Four Highlights from Natura 2000 Forests NGO recommendations on management Four Highlights from Natura 2000 Forests: NGO recommendations on management Authors and contributors: Wilderness and non-intervention management | Stefan Avramov, Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation, and Pawel Pawlaczyk, Naturalists Club Poland Management for deadwood retention | Pawel Pawlaczyk and Monika Kotulak, Naturalists Club Poland Light forests | Matthias Dolek, Butterfly Conservation Europe, and Zoltán Ilonczai, Bükki National Park Directorate Ecological coherence | Tamás Papp and Csaba Domokos, Milvus Group, and Andriy-Taras Bashta, Animal Research and Protection Association “Fauna” Four Highlights from Natura 2000 Forests Editor | Ildikó Arany NGO recommendations on management Proofreading | Judit Herman Layout | Kristina Vilimaite Editor responsible | Ágnes Zólyomi Photo on the cover page | Piotr Lewandowski Copyright © CEEweb for Biodiversity, 2013. CEEweb for Biodiversity is an international network ofnon-governmental organizations in Central and Eastern Europe. The mission of the network is the conservation of biodiversity through the promotion of sustainable development. CEEweb for Biodiversity This publication is supported Széher út 40. by the European Commission. H-1021 Budapest, Hungary The donor is not responsible Tel.: (+36 1) 398-0135 for the expressed views Fax: (+36 1) 398-0136 and the use ofthe information www.ceeweb.org made available. 2013 Table of contents Introduction ......................................................................4