DOCSLIB.ORG

Romania Hannah Kitchen, Elizabeth Fordham, Kirsteen Henderson, Anne Looney and Soumaya Maghnouj Romania

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Romania Hannah Kitchen, Elizabeth Fordham, Kirsteen Henderson, Anne Looney and Soumaya Maghnouj Romania OECD Reviews of OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education Evaluation and Romania Hannah Kitchen, Elizabeth Fordham, Kirsteen Henderson, Assessment in Anne d a uj Looney an Soumay Maghno Education Romania OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education Romania 2017 Hannah Kitchen, Elizabeth Fordham, Kirsteen Henderson, Anne Looney and Soumaya Maghnouj This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Please cite this publication as: Kitchen, H., et al. (2017), Romania 2017, OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264274051-en ISBN 978-92-64-27404-4 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-27405-1 (PDF) Series: OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education ISSN 2223-0947 (print) ISSN 2223-0955 (online) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits: Cover © iQoncept - Fotolia.com, © AKS - Fotolia.com, © Sergej Khackimullin - Fotolia.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2017 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. FOREWORD – 3 Foreword Romania’s education system has made significant improvements in recent decades, not least in terms of student learning outcomes and strengthening institutional capacity. These improvements make Romania a regional leader. They also provide the foundations to further improve quality and equity, so that all young Romanians have the chance to reach their full potential and realise their aspirations. This review was undertaken by the OECD with the support of UNICEF at the request of, and in close collaboration with the Romanian Ministry of National Education and Scientific Research. Focused on the assessment and evaluation system for Romania’s schools, it provides recommendations to help the country capitalise on the positive practices that it has already put in place, so that they have the support and visibility to flourish and enable positive change across the education system. It encourages Romania to put student learning at the heart of evaluation and assessment. This will mean moving towards a system where assessment is not used only to measure and reward performance but as the basis for discussion and feedback. This will provide students, teachers, schools and policy makers with the information, space and professional advice to be able to reflect critically on their work and identify what they can do better in the future. The review is the first time that the OECD Directorate for Education and Skills and UNICEF have come together to work in this way. This co-operation has meant that the review has been able to benefit from our organisations’ complementary experience and expertise to provide an analysis that is sensitive to the history and context of evaluation and assessment in Romania’s education system while drawing on international research and best practice from around the world. Above all though, we hope that this co-operation provides useful recommendations that will help Romania enhance its evaluation and assessment system so that it raises the learning outcomes of all its students. This report comes at an important moment for Romania, as it is considering a new law on education with the potential to bring significant change. We hope that its recommendations can inform this process, and help to develop an education system that provides excellence for all. Andreas SCHLEICHER Sandie BLANCHET Director for Education and Skills and Special Advisor Representative on Education Policy to the Secretary-General UNICEF Romania OECD OECD REVIEWS OF EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATION: ROMANIA 2017 © OECD 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 5 Acknowledgements This review was developed in co-operation with UNICEF, whose staff provided valuable guidance and direction. In particular, the review team would like to thank Philippe Testot-Ferry, Senior Regional Education Advisor in UNICEF Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States Regional Office for his co- operation and commitment which enabled this unique partnership between the OECD and UNICEF. We are indebted to the guidance, support and insights of the UNICEF Romania office, notably Sandie Blanchet, UNICEF Representative Romania, Luminita Costache, Education Specialist, and Eugen Crai, Consultant. The review team would also like to thank the Romanian government, under the leadership of the Ministry of National Education and Scientific Research and the Romanian Presidential Administration for their support and contributions to the review. The review has benefited from the encouragement of the Minister of National Education and Scientific Research, Pavel Nastase, and his team. We are also grateful for the support and insights from Romania’s former Ministers of Education, Mircea Dumitru, Adrian Curaj, Sorin Cîmpeanu and Remus Pricopie and their teams. We express the same gratitude to Ligia Deca, Advisor of the President of Romania on Education and Research for her insights and contributions shared with the review team. We are very grateful to the officials and education experts from the Romanian Ministry of National Education and Scientific Research and beyond, who graciously shared their insights and knowledge with us. In particular, we would like to thank Tania Irimia, Director and Liliana Preoteasa, Director of Romania Secondary Education Project Implementation Unit, Ministry of Education; Ciprian Fartusnic, Director of the Institute of Educational Sciences and his staff; Cristian Mirescu, Director and Roxana Mihail at the National Centre for Assessment and Evaluation; and Serban Iosifescu, President at the Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Pre-University Education, who provided valuable contributions to the review. We sincerely thank all the participants to the review visits, including officials from the Ministry of National Education and Scientific Research, the National Institute of Statistics, the World Bank, the National Council of Students, researchers, non-governmental organisations, school leaders, teachers, teacher unions, parents and students, that kindly gave their time to share their views, experience and knowledge with us. We would especially like to thank the schools in Bucharest Municipality, and in Prahova and Constanta counties for welcoming us so warmly during our review visits. The OECD review team was led by Elizabeth Fordham, OECD Secretariat, co-ordinated by Hannah Kitchen, OECD Secretariat, and included Kirsteen Henderson (external expert, Canada), Anne Looney (Executive Dean, Institute of Education Dublin City University, Ireland) and Soumaya Maghnouj (OECD Secretariat). OECD REVIEWS OF EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATION: ROMANIA 2017 © OECD 2017 6 – ACKOWLEDGEMENTS We would also like to thank Delia Raluca Sancariuc, who provided valuable linguistic support. Within the OECD Secretariat we thank Marco Kools, for the initial idea for the review, and Marie-Amelie Doring-Serre, Manuela Fitzpatrick and Sakshi Mishra who made very helpful contributions to the report. The review team also acknowledges the support and contributions from Andreas Schleicher, Director for Education and Skills; Paulo Santiago, Head of Policy Advice and Implementation Division; and that of Tracey Burns, Pablo Fraser, Deborah Nusche, Sandrine Peterson and Claire Shewbridge who provided feedback during the drafting process, as well as colleagues from the Public Governance Directorate. Célia Braga-Schich, Sara Gouveia and Marta Rilling provided administrative support and organised the publication process, and Sally Hinchcliffe edited the report. OECD REVIEWS OF EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATION: ROMANIA 2017 © OECD 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 7 Table of contents Acronyms and abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 11 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 13 Assessment and recommendations ......................................................................................................... 17 Education and development in Romania ..............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Central and Eastern Europe Development Outlook After the Coronavirus Pandemic
    CHINA-CEE INSTITUTE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK AFTER THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC Editor in Chief: Dr. Chen Xin Published by: China-CEE Institute Nonprofit Ltd. Telephone: +36-1-5858-690 E-mail: [email protected] Webpage: www.china-cee.eu Address: 1052, Budapest, Petőfi Sándor utca 11. Chief Editor: Dr. Chen Xin ISSN: 978-615-6124-29-6 Cover design: PONT co.lab Copyright: China-CEE Institute Nonprofit Ltd. The reproduction of the study or parts of the study are prohibited. The findings of the study may only be cited if the source is acknowledged. Central and Eastern Europe Development Outlook after the Coronavirus Pandemic Chief Editor: Dr. Chen Xin CHINA-CEE INSTITUTE Budapest, October 2020 Content Preface ............................................................................................................ 5 Part I POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK ..................................... 7 Albanian politics in post-pandemic era: reshuffling influence and preparing for the next elections .............................................................................................. 8 BiH political outlook after the COVID-19 pandemic ...................................... 13 Bulgarian Political Development Outlook in Post-Pandemic Era ..................... 18 Forecast of Croatian Political Events after the COVID-19 .............................. 25 Czech Political Outlook for the Post-Crisis Period .......................................... 30 Estonian political outlook after the pandemic: Are we there yet? ...................
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    Recommendations for starting a safe school year 2020-2021, while promoting quality inclusive education for all children in Romania The opinions expressed in this document belong to the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of UNICEF. Executive summary his document was created to support the national, county, and local authorities to plan the beginning of the school year 2020-2021 safely for children and for all the school staff, as well Tas to provide quality inclusive education throughout this unprecedented worldwide situation. The goal was to identify a set of solutions which may help reduce both the impact of the pandemic upon learning, and the gaps in terms of access to education after schools were closed from March to July 2020 in Romania. This material was drafted by a team of 18 principals involved in implementing the ”Quality inclusive education: transition from lower to upper secondary education” model, and by representatives of the county institutions in Bacău, at the initiative and coordinated by UNICEF Romania. The recommendations proposed are based on the three scenarios displayed by the Ministry of Education and Research, as well as on the experience acquired by the education experts from March until July 2020, under the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. The solutions presented also show the outcomes of the consultations organized at a community level on topics such as challenges, vulnerabilities, constraints, and solutions specific to each and every scenario. Special attention was paid to vulnerable students and to those at risk of school drop-out . The considerations and the proposals submitted are equally looking at removing barriers for attending education, supporting learning and guaranteeing well-being for all students, as well as supplying the necessary support for teachers, school staff, and managerial teams, for them to be able to safely provide inclusive contexts and quality education services.
    [Show full text]
  • The Application of Main Component Analysis Method on Indicators of Romanian National Authority for Consumers Protection Activities
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Gabor, Manuela Rozalia; Ştefănescu, Daniela; Conţiu, Lia Codrina Article The Application of Main Component Analysis Method on Indicators of Romanian National Authority for Consumers Protection Activities Amfiteatru Economic Journal Provided in Cooperation with: The Bucharest University of Economic Studies Suggested Citation: Gabor, Manuela Rozalia; Ştefănescu, Daniela; Conţiu, Lia Codrina (2010) : The Application of Main Component Analysis Method on Indicators of Romanian National Authority for Consumers Protection Activities, Amfiteatru Economic Journal, ISSN 2247-9104, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Vol. 12, Iss. 28, pp. 314-331 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/168694 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Benefits of the Sustainability Reporting Practices
    sustainability Article Assessing the Benefits of the Sustainability Reporting Practices in the Top Romanian Companies Anca Gabriela Petrescu 1,*, Florentina Raluca Bîlcan 1, Marius Petrescu 1, 2 3 2 Ionica Holban Oncioiu , Mirela Cătălina Türkes, and Sorinel Căpu¸sneanu 1 Faculty of Economic Sciences, Valahia University, 130024 Targoviste, Romania; bilcan.fl[email protected] (F.R.B.); [email protected] (M.P.) 2 Faculty of Finance-Banking, Accounting and Business Administration, Titu Maiorescu University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] (I.H.O.); [email protected] (S.C.) 3 Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accountancy, Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania; offi[email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-744-322-911 Received: 19 March 2020; Accepted: 21 April 2020; Published: 24 April 2020 Abstract: The concept of sustainability reporting has been addressed by experts worldwide and is defined as the process of communicating the social and environmental effects of the economic actions of organizations to special interest groups within society in general. The main purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the opinions of the real benefits obtained by large companies in Romania following the elaboration of sustainability reports and their contribution to the development of a sustainable economy. A quantitative marketing research was carried out on the sample randomly extracted from a target community of the largest 5750 companies
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Programme for All
    Optimal radiotherapy Scientific Programme for all ESTRO ANNUAL CONFE RENCE 27 - 31 August 2021 Onsite in Madrid, Spain & Online Saturday 28 August 2021 Track: Radiobiology Teaching lecture: The microbiome: Its role in cancer development and treatment response Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 N104 Chair: Marc Vooijs - 08:00 The microbiome: Its role in cancer development and treatment response SP - 0004 A. Facciabene (USA) Track: Clinical Teaching lecture: Breast reconstruction and radiotherapy Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 Plenary Chair: Philip Poortmans - 08:00 Breast reconstruction and radiotherapy SP - 0005 O. Kaidar-Person (Israel) Track: Clinical Teaching lecture: Neurocognitive changes following radiotherapy for primary brain tumours Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 Room 1 Chair: Brigitta G. Baumert - 08:00 Evaluation and care of neurocognitive effects after radiotherapy SP - 0006 M. Klein (The Netherlands) 08:20 Imaging biomarkers of dose-induced damage to critical memory regions SP - 0007 A. Laprie (France Track: Physics Teaching lecture: Independent dose calculation and pre-treatment patient specific QA Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 Room 2.1 Chair: Kari Tanderup - 08:00 Independent dose calculation and pre-treatment patient specific QA SP - 0008 P. Carrasco de Fez (Spain) 1 Track: Physics Teaching lecture: Diffusion MRI: How to get started Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 Room 2.2 Chair: Tufve Nyholm - Chair: Jan Lagendijk - 08:00 Diffusion MRI: How to get started SP - 0009 R. Tijssen (The Netherlands) Track: RTT Teaching lecture: The role of RTT leadership in advancing multi-disciplinary research Saturday, 28 August 2021 08:00 - 08:40 N103 Chair: Sophie Perryck - 08:00 The role of RTT leadership in advancing multi-disciplinary research SP - 0010 M.
    [Show full text]
  • Romania, December 2006
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Romania, December 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: ROMANIA December 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Romania. Short Form: Romania. Term for Citizen(s): Romanian(s). Capital: Bucharest (Bucureşti). Click to Enlarge Image Major Cities: As of 2003, Bucharest is the largest city in Romania, with 1.93 million inhabitants. Other major cities, in order of population, are Iaşi (313,444), Constanţa (309,965), Timişoara (308,019), Craiova (300,843), Galati (300,211), Cluj-Napoca (294,906), Braşov (286,371), and Ploeşti (236,724). Independence: July 13, 1878, from the Ottoman Empire; kingdom proclaimed March 26, 1881; Romanian People’s Republic proclaimed April 13, 1948. Public Holidays: Romania observes the following public holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1), Epiphany (January 6), Orthodox Easter (a variable date in April or early May), Labor Day (May 1), Unification Day (December 1), and National Day and Christmas (December 25). Flag: The Romanian flag has three equal vertical stripes of blue (left), yellow, and red. Click to Enlarge Image HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early Human Settlement: Human settlement first occurred in the lands that now constitute Romania during the Pleistocene Epoch, which began about 600,000 years ago. About 5500 B.C. the region was inhabited by Indo-European people, who in turn gave way to Thracian tribes. Today’s Romanians are in part descended from the Getae, a Thracian tribe that lived north of the Danube River. During the Bronze Age (about 2200 to 1200 B.C.), these Thraco-Getian tribes engaged in agriculture, stock raising, and trade with inhabitants of the Aegean Sea coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Adult and Continuing Education in Romania, a Country in Transformation
    Simona Sava Trends in Adult and Continuing Education in Romania, a Country in Transformation The Plan to market transition brought with it the restructuring of the labour market, but also unemployment, new job profiles, and ongoing reform of the education sys- tem. Within the catch-up process of joining the EU and harmonizing the legislative framework and developments with the aquis communautaire, the effort to set up and implement effective policies was relatively coherent. But the results achieved so far show that much more efforts are needed, as the participation rate of adults in educa- tion is still only 1.6 percent. Positive trends can be identified as well: a diversified range of institutions, a national system of quality assurance and of APEL (Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning), increased funds allocated in the last two years, and an increased awareness and know-how in the field of ACE1. 1. Looking back at the last two decades Romania is one of the largest countries to have joined the European Union recently, with about 22 million inhabitants. Since 1989, the year of the revolution that ended communist domination, the country is undergoing a transformation from a central- ized state communist society and ideology to a democratic pluralist one and mar- ket economy. This transition required the enablement of adults to cope with these changes, on the one hand. On the other hand, this transition meant the restructuring of the labour market since large industrial enterprises were closed down and many small and medium enterprises (SME) were set up. The closing down of the large, formerly state owned enterprises forced them to lay off large numbers of people.
    [Show full text]
  • Education in the EU: Diverging Learning Opportunities?
    Education in the EU: Diverging Learning Opportunities? An analysis of a decade and a half of skills using the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in the European Union Background to “Growing United: Upgrading Europe’s Convergence Machine” Katia Herrera-Sosa, Margo Hoftijzer, Lucas Gortazar, & Miguel Ruiz Acknowledgments and Notes This report was prepared by Katia Herrera-Sosa, Margo Hoftijzer, Lucas Gortazar, Miguel Ruiz with Karina Acevedo and Micheline Frias. The report served as background paper for the study report, “Growing United: Reigniting Europe’s Convergence Machine,” led by Cristobal Ridao and Christian Bodewig. Contributors to the country case studies on education equity include Hanna Alasuutari (World Bank) and Jouni Välijärvi (University of Jyväskylä) for Finland; Emer Smith (Economic and Social Research Institute), Flora Kelmendi (World Bank), and Hanna Alasuutari (World Bank) for Ireland; Inge de Wolf (Maastricht University) for Netherlands; Maciek Jakubowski, Jerzy Wiśniewski (University of Warsaw), and Katia Herrera-Sosa (World Bank) for Poland, and Octavio Medina (World Bank) for Spain. Additional support was provided by Subhashini Rajasekaran, Martin Moreno, and Marc De Francis. Insightful comments were received by Juan Manuel Moreno (World Bank) at all stages of this report. For ease of reference, this report organizes EU countries into 6 regional sub-groups according to history and geography: EU17 South (Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus and Malta); EU17 Continental (Luxemburg, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Germany and France); EU17 North (Ireland, Denmark, Finland, UK, and Sweden); CEE South (Romania and Bulgaria); CEE Continental (Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland and Croatia); CEE North (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). ii Contents LIST OF COUNTRIES .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Waste Management in Romania: Pathways for Sustainable Practices Florin Mihai
    Electronic waste management in Romania: pathways for sustainable practices Florin Mihai To cite this version: Florin Mihai. Electronic waste management in Romania: pathways for sustainable practices. Handbook of Electronic Waste Management, Elsevier, pp.533-551, 2020, 10.1016/B978-0-12-817030- 4.00024-3. hal-02561115 HAL Id: hal-02561115 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02561115 Submitted on 3 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Electronic waste management in Romania: pathways for sustainable practices (Preprint version ) Florin-Constantin MIHAI*, Department of Research, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ion Cuza University of Iasi, Romania, *Corresponding author: email: [email protected] Final publisher version is available at: Mihai FC 2019. Electronic waste management in Romania: pathways for sustainable practices. Chapter 22 in Prasad M.N.V., Vithanage, Meththika and Borthakur, Amesha (Eds). Handbook of Electronic Waste Management: International Best Practices and Case Studies pp 533-551 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-817030-4.00024-3 ISBN: 978-0-12-817030-4 Elsevier Science and Technology Abstract This chapter aims to examine the current challenges in electronic waste (e-waste) management in a new EU Member State like Romania.
    [Show full text]
  • REFERENDUM in ROMANIA 29Th July 2012
    REFERENDUM IN ROMANIA 29th July 2012 European Elections monitor Romanian President Traian Basescu avoids impeachment once again Corinne Deloy Five years after 17th April 2007, when the first referendum on his impeachment as head of State took place, Traian Basescu, President of the Republic of Romania again emerged victorious in the Results battle that opposed him, this time round, against Prime Minister Victor Ponta (Social Democratic Party, PSD). A majority of Romanians who were called to vote for or against the impeachment of the Head of Sate indeed stayed away from the ballot boxes on 29th July. Only 46.13% of them turned out to vote whilst turn out of at least half of those registered was necessary for the consultation to be deemed valid. The government made an attempt to abolish this threshold that has been part of the electoral law since 2010, before being reprimanded by the European Commission and other Western leaderships. Victor Ponta did do everything he could however to achieve the minimum turnout threshold by leaving the polling stations open for four hours more than is the custom (7am to 11pm) and by opening fifty other stations in hotels and restaurants on the shores of the Black Sea where some Romanians spend their holidays. “The Romanians have rejected the coup d’Etat “Whatever the final turnout is no politician can deny launched by the 256 MPs and led by Prime Minister the will of millions of voters without cutting himself Victor Ponta and interim President Crin Antonescu. The off from reality,” declared Prime Minister Ponta.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy-Union-Factsheet-Romania En
    EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 23.11.2017 SWD(2017) 409 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Energy Union Factsheet Romania Accompanying the document COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE, THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS AND THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK Third Report on the State of the Energy Union {COM(2017) 688 final} - {SWD(2017) 384 final} - {SWD(2017) 385 final} - {SWD(2017) 386 final} - {SWD(2017) 387 final} - {SWD(2017) 388 final} - {SWD(2017) 389 final} - {SWD(2017) 390 final} - {SWD(2017) 391 final} - {SWD(2017) 392 final} - {SWD(2017) 393 final} - {SWD(2017) 394 final} - {SWD(2017) 395 final} - {SWD(2017) 396 final} - {SWD(2017) 397 final} - {SWD(2017) 398 final} - {SWD(2017) 399 final} - {SWD(2017) 401 final} - {SWD(2017) 402 final} - {SWD(2017) 404 final} - {SWD(2017) 405 final} - {SWD(2017) 406 final} - {SWD(2017) 407 final} - {SWD(2017) 408 final} - {SWD(2017) 411 final} - {SWD(2017) 412 final} - {SWD(2017) 413 final} - {SWD(2017) 414 final} EN EN Energy Union –Romania Romania Energy Union factsheet1 1. Macro-economic implications of energy activities Energy and transport are key sectors for the overall functioning of the economy as they provide an important input and service to the other sectors of the economy. Together the activity in these two sectors2 accounted for 10.5% of the total value added of Romania in 2015. Similarly, their share in total employment3 was 6.6% in 2015, of which 5.6% in the transport sector and 1% in the energy sector. (source: Eurostat) The decarbonisation of the energy and transport sectors will require significant investments and economic activity beyond the remit of these sectors themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gross Domestic Product. History, Relevance and Limitations in Its Interpretation
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Gross Domestic Product. History, relevance and limitations in its interpretation Georgescu, George 10 September 2016 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/73644/ MPRA Paper No. 73644, posted 12 Sep 2016 17:48 UTC The Gross Domestic Product. History, relevance and limitations in its interpretation George Georgescu National Institute for Economic Research Romanian Academy Abstract. Despite theoretical and methodological improvements by national accounts framework revisions, not without disputes and confrontations of views, the growing complexity of economic and social phenomena under globalization circumstances has led to increasing difficulties in the design, monitoring and implementation of specific policies depending on GDP indicator. The paper focuses on the analysis of the GDP relevance and limitations in its interpretation, including a retrospective view. Some inconsistencies as regards the metrics of GDP (illegal activities, unobserved economy, self-consumption in rural households, owner’s imputed rents) are highlighted. Because the GDP does not take into account the impact of important factors of progress (depletion of natural resources, environmental factors, urban concentration and rural depopulation etc.) and does not reflects neither the citizens wellbeing (starting from Easterlin Paradox), efforts to develop new statistical standards in order to complement/substitute GDP with other indicators and/or building composite indicators that integrates various aspects of quality of life have been made, but without meeting a general consensus at the global level. In the end of the paper other derived indicators (GNP, GNI, AIC) are discussed and some considerations regarding the time horizon of Romania’s real convergence with the EU, including the accession to Eurozone are added.
    [Show full text]