Education in the EU: Diverging Learning Opportunities?
Education in the EU: Diverging Learning Opportunities? An analysis of a decade and a half of skills using the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in the European Union Background to “Growing United: Upgrading Europe’s Convergence Machine” Katia Herrera-Sosa, Margo Hoftijzer, Lucas Gortazar, & Miguel Ruiz Acknowledgments and Notes This report was prepared by Katia Herrera-Sosa, Margo Hoftijzer, Lucas Gortazar, Miguel Ruiz with Karina Acevedo and Micheline Frias. The report served as background paper for the study report, “Growing United: Reigniting Europe’s Convergence Machine,” led by Cristobal Ridao and Christian Bodewig. Contributors to the country case studies on education equity include Hanna Alasuutari (World Bank) and Jouni Välijärvi (University of Jyväskylä) for Finland; Emer Smith (Economic and Social Research Institute), Flora Kelmendi (World Bank), and Hanna Alasuutari (World Bank) for Ireland; Inge de Wolf (Maastricht University) for Netherlands; Maciek Jakubowski, Jerzy Wiśniewski (University of Warsaw), and Katia Herrera-Sosa (World Bank) for Poland, and Octavio Medina (World Bank) for Spain. Additional support was provided by Subhashini Rajasekaran, Martin Moreno, and Marc De Francis. Insightful comments were received by Juan Manuel Moreno (World Bank) at all stages of this report. For ease of reference, this report organizes EU countries into 6 regional sub-groups according to history and geography: EU17 South (Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Cyprus and Malta); EU17 Continental (Luxemburg, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Germany and France); EU17 North (Ireland, Denmark, Finland, UK, and Sweden); CEE South (Romania and Bulgaria); CEE Continental (Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland and Croatia); CEE North (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). ii Contents LIST OF COUNTRIES .........................................................................................................
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