A Study on Measuring Complexity in Muqarnas Patterns
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The Sasanian Tradition in ʽabbāsid Art: Squinch Fragmentation As The
The Sasanian Tradition in ʽAbbāsid Art: squinch fragmentation as The structural origin of the muqarnas La tradición sasánida en el arte ʿabbāssí: la fragmentación de la trompa de esquina como origen estructural de la decoración de muqarnas A tradição sassânida na arte abássida: a fragmentação do arco de canto como origem estrutural da decoração das Muqarnas Alicia CARRILLO1 Abstract: Islamic architecture presents a three-dimensional decoration system known as muqarnas. An original system created in the Near East between the second/eighth and the fourth/tenth centuries due to the fragmentation of the squinche, but it was in the fourth/eleventh century when it turned into a basic element, not only all along the Islamic territory but also in the Islamic vocabulary. However, the origin and shape of muqarnas has not been thoroughly considered by Historiography. This research tries to prove the importance of Sasanian Art in the aesthetics creation of muqarnas. Keywords: Islamic architecture – Tripartite squinches – Muqarnas –Sasanian – Middle Ages – ʽAbbāsid Caliphate. Resumen: La arquitectura islámica presenta un mecanismo de decoración tridimensional conocido como decoración de muqarnas. Un sistema novedoso creado en el Próximo Oriente entre los siglos II/VIII y IV/X a partir de la fragmentación de la trompa de esquina, y que en el siglo XI se extendió por toda la geografía del Islam para formar parte del vocabulario del arte islámico. A pesar de su importancia y amplio desarrollo, la historiografía no se ha detenido especialmente en el origen formal de la decoración de muqarnas y por ello, este estudio pone de manifiesto la influencia del arte sasánida en su concepción estética durante el Califato ʿabbāssí. -
Islamic Geometric Patterns Jay Bonner
Islamic Geometric Patterns Jay Bonner Islamic Geometric Patterns Their Historical Development and Traditional Methods of Construction with a chapter on the use of computer algorithms to generate Islamic geometric patterns by Craig Kaplan Jay Bonner Bonner Design Consultancy Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA With contributions by Craig Kaplan University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ISBN 978-1-4419-0216-0 ISBN 978-1-4419-0217-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0217-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017936979 # Jay Bonner 2017 Chapter 4 is published with kind permission of # Craig Kaplan 2017. All Rights Reserved. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
Semiology Study of Shrine Geometric Patterns of Damavand City of Tehran Province1
Special Issue INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND December 2015 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Semiology Study of Shrine Geometric patterns of Damavand City of Tehran Province1 Atieh Youzbashi Masterof visual communication, Faculty of Art, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran [email protected] Seyed Nezam oldin Emamifar )Corresponding author) Assistant Professor of Faculty of Art, Shahed University, Tehran city, Iran [email protected] Abstract Remained works of decorative Arts in Islamic buildings, especially in religious places such as shrines, possess especial sprits and visual depth. Damavand city having very beautiful architectural works has been converted to a valuable treasury of Islamic architectural visual motifs. Getting to know shrines and their visual motifs features is leaded to know Typology, in Typology, Denotation and Connotation are the concept of truth. This research is based on descriptive and analytical nature and the collection of the data is in a mixture way. Sampling is in the form of non-random (optional) and there are 4 samples of geometric motifs of Damavand city of Tehran province and the analysis of information is qualitatively too. In this research after study of geometric designs used in this city shrines, the amount of this motifs confusion are known by semiotic concepts and denotation and connotation meaning is stated as well. At first the basic articles related to typology and geometric motifs are discussed. Discovering the meaning of these motifs requires a necessary deep study about geometric motifs treasury of believe and religious roots and symbolic meaning of this motifs. Geometric patterns with the centrality of the circle In drawing, the incidence abstractly and creating new combination is based on uniformly covering surfaces in order not to attract attention to designs independently creating an empty space also recalls “the principle of unity in diversity” and “diversity in unity”. -
Art Term 1 and 2 Book(S) – Who Let the Gods Out?
TERM 1 and 2 OVERVIEW YEAR 5/6 – Art Term 1 and 2 Book(s) – Who Let The Gods Out? Topic(s) - The World Around Us Guide Time = Lesson 1 (45 mins) Greek vases, plates & mosaics Lesson 2 (full afternoon) Lesson 3 (full afternoon) Lesson 4 (full afternoon) Assessment: • Questions from Reading for Productivity sessions. Very Important Points (VIPs): • Assessment of formative pieces of art work throughout sequence (Ancient Greek plate design, Ancient Greek • Ancient Greek patterns represent important symbols that mosaic). can be found on sculptures, pottery and the architecture of • Teacher judgement of final vase painting piece and the skills buildings. used. • Ancient Greek myths were represented on pottery using • Peer evaluation of art pieces. the black figure design to create a silhouette which told the story. • Mosaics are patterns and pictures created using different Links to prior learning Use of sketchbooks that were introduced in Cycle A to experiment textures and materials such as stone, tile and glass. (sequencing) and with techniques. The painting techniques (texture, colour, shape, • Greek Vase painters had freedom over their design and canon book form) were introduced in Cycle A through the use of oil pastels. This traditionally used the black-figure design to tell a story will be built upon in this sequence – painting on different materials, through paintings. using different mediums. All skills taught in the sequence will be encorportated into the final piece. Link to Canon book: set in Ancient Greece (Who Let the Gods Out) History – Ancient Greek art styles, Ancient Greek myths, Ancient Fat Questions: Links to other learning Greek architecture. -
Analysis of Plant Designs of Seven-Color Tile
Special Issue INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND January 2016 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Analysis of Plant Designs of Seven-color Tile )This article was adopted from a research project1( Parisa Mehdipoor Young Researchers and Elite Club.Qeshm Branch,Islamic Azad University,Qeshm,Iran Email: [email protected] Abstract Tiling is one of the pleasant methods of architectural decoration in all Islamic lands. Tiling has been one of the most important aesthetic manifestation of creator spirit and Iranian artists’ aesthetic, and plant designs used in the seven-color tile are evidence for this claim. Plant designs are beautiful and simple. Despite diversity, they have unity and cohesion. The aim of this paper is to introduce seven-color tiling and plant designs used. In this study, we examined the cedar, Khataei, and pot designs. The, we will respond to this question: 1- what are the features of plant designs? Methodology Library method and content analysis method were used in this study. Library method was used as the main tool to collect data and note taking and video documents were also used in this regard. Keywords: tiling, seven-color tiles, plant designs. 1 This article is a result of a research project titled as "investigating the role of nature designs in the Safavid era" conducted in Young Researchers and Elite Club of Qeshm in Islamic Azad University of Qeshm. Executive cost of the project was provided and allocated by Young Researchers Club. Thereby, I appreciate Young Researchers and Elite Club of Qeshm. http://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/index Page 1257 Special Issue INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND January 2016 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Introduction Those who are familiar with Islamic architecture know well that tiling is one of the valuable arrays of architecture that Iranian artists have developed it to such level of beauty that it has aroused the admiration of viewers. -
Technological Approaches in Ceramic Tradition and Privilege of Turkish Tile Art
Suranaree J. Sci. Technol. Vol. 20 No. 3; July - September 2013 249 TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN CERAMIC TRADITION AND PRIVILEGE OF TURKISH TILE ART Murat Bayazit* Received: August 22, 2012; Revised: April 18, 2013; Accepted: May 1, 2013 Abstract In the last 2 decades technology has created great developments in both industry and art. Various technological innovations have emerged as a result of numerous researches related primarily to advanced materials. While impressive changes were seen in industrial fields, art has also been influenced by technology. Ceramics, known as the oldest plastic art, has always been affected by both social and industrial changes, because it is both an art and also a science. Ceramics has a wide range of uses in science which are directly related to its applications in industry such as paint, textiles, automotive products, and construction. As an art, ceramics has a very different application including cultural approaches. Art tiles are one of the most outstanding examples of ceramics art. Consisting of specific figures, motifs, and colors, art tiles have a significant place in both Turkish and Islamic art. Technology has never been able to find a way to change the cultural mentality, so this art has protected its privilege for centuries. This study discusses the effects of technology on ceramic art and evaluates the current status of Turkish art tiles. Keywords: Art, technology, Turkish tile art, Çini Introduction Although only electronic materials may come of the technology because of their necessity to mind when the word “technology” is used, in life. it has multiple different meanings. Humans While technology provides facilities in have used technological tools in their daily human life, it also necessarily causes some lives since ancient times. -
Celebrating Thirty Years of Muqarnas
Muqarnas An Annual on the Visual Cultures of the Islamic World Celebrating Thirty Years of Muqarnas Editor Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor Karen A. Leal volume 30 Sponsored by The Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 © 2013 Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978 90 04 25576 0 CONTENTS Gülru Necİpoğlu, Reflections on Thirty Years of Muqarnas . 1 Benedict Cuddon, A Field Pioneered by Amateurs: The Collecting and Display of Islamic Art in Early Twentieth-Century Boston . 13 Silvia Armando, Ugo Monneret de Villard (1881–1954) and the Establishment of Islamic Art Studies in Italy . 35 Ayşİn Yoltar-Yildirim, Raqqa: The Forgotten Excavation of an Islamic Site in Syria by the Ottoman Imperial Museum in t he Early Twentieth Century . 73 D. Fairchild Ruggles, At the Margins of Architectural and Landscape History: The Rajputs of South Asia . 95 Jennifer Pruitt, Method in Madness: Recontextualizing the Destruction of Churches in the Fatimid Era . 119 Peter Christensen, “As if she were Jerusalem”: Placemaking in Sephardic Salonica . 141 David J. Roxburgh, In Pursuit of Shadows: Al-Hariri’s Maqāmāt . 171 Abolala Soudavar, The Patronage of the Vizier Mirza Salman . 213 Lâle Uluç, An Iskandarnāma of Nizami Produced for Ibrahim Sultan . 235 NOTES AND SOURCES Serpİl Bağci, Presenting Vaṣṣāl Kalender’s Works: The Prefaces of Three Ottoman Albums . 255 Gülru Necİpoğlu, “Virtual Archaeology” in Light of a New Document on the Topkapı Palace’s Waterworks and Earliest Buildings, circa 1509 . 315 Ebba Koch, The Wooden Audience Halls of Shah Jahan: Sources and Reconstruction . -
DTP102288.Pdf
Contents 1. SELECTED HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................... 2 2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................ 4 3. PROJECT ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................... 4 3.1 ENABLING WORKS ................................................................................................ 5 3.1.1 Fencing: ............................................................................................................. 5 3.1.2 Scaffolding: ........................................................................................................ 5 3.1.3 Clearance Works: .............................................................................................. 5 3.1.4 Excavations: ...................................................................................................... 5 3.2 CONSOLIDATION WORKS: ................................................................................... 6 3.2.1 Dismantling of previous works and reconstruction of buttresses: ..................... 6 3.2.2 Structural Consolidation: ................................................................................... 6 3.2.3 Construction of timber cover: .......................................................................... 11 3.2.4 External Finishes: ............................................................................................ 11 4. PROJECT DATA .......................................................................................................... -
William Broadhead Professor of History Thesis Supervisor
Vitruvius on Architecture: A Modem Application and Stability Analysis of Classical Structures by Ana S. Escalante Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering at the Lj Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2013 0 2013 Ana S. Escalante. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created Signature of Author: F , 2 I- - Department of Mechanical Engineering May 28, 2013 Certified by: William Broadhead Professor of History Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Annette Hosoi Professor of Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Officer 1 2 Vitruvius on Architecture: A Modem Application and Stability Analysis of Classical Structures by Ana S. Escalante Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering on June 7, 2013 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering ABSTRACT Imperial Rome has left numerous legacies, the most well-known being its literature and monuments. Though many monuments, such as the Pantheon, are well-preserved, in cases where little physical evidence remains, historians can often use literary sources to inform reconstruction efforts. For more technical studies of Roman construction, technical literature is rare and the contemporary awareness of such literature even less known. When Vitruvius wrote De architectura,he did not intend for it to be a manual for instruction but rather a central source of general architectural knowledge. Directly aimed at architects, contractors, and other individuals involved in the design and construction of buildings, De architecturaprovides insight into contemporary technical knowledge. -
Decagonal and Quasi-Crystalline Tilings in Medieval Islamic Architecture
REPORTS 21. Materials and methods are available as supporting 27. N. Panagia et al., Astrophys. J. 459, L17 (1996). Supporting Online Material material on Science Online. 28. The authors would like to thank L. Nelson for providing www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5815/1103/DC1 22. A. Heger, N. Langer, Astron. Astrophys. 334, 210 (1998). access to the Bishop/Sherbrooke Beowulf cluster (Elix3) Materials and Methods 23. A. P. Crotts, S. R. Heathcote, Nature 350, 683 (1991). which was used to perform the interacting winds SOM Text 24. J. Xu, A. Crotts, W. Kunkel, Astrophys. J. 451, 806 (1995). calculations. The binary merger calculations were Tables S1 and S2 25. B. Sugerman, A. Crotts, W. Kunkel, S. Heathcote, performed on the UK Astrophysical Fluids Facility. References S. Lawrence, Astrophys. J. 627, 888 (2005). T.M. acknowledges support from the Research Training Movies S1 and S2 26. N. Soker, Astrophys. J., in press; preprint available online Network “Gamma-Ray Bursts: An Enigma and a Tool” 16 October 2006; accepted 15 January 2007 (http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0610655) during part of this work. 10.1126/science.1136351 be drawn using the direct strapwork method Decagonal and Quasi-Crystalline (Fig. 1, A to D). However, an alternative geometric construction can generate the same pattern (Fig. 1E, right). At the intersections Tilings in Medieval Islamic Architecture between all pairs of line segments not within a 10/3 star, bisecting the larger 108° angle yields 1 2 Peter J. Lu * and Paul J. Steinhardt line segments (dotted red in the figure) that, when extended until they intersect, form three distinct The conventional view holds that girih (geometric star-and-polygon, or strapwork) patterns in polygons: the decagon decorated with a 10/3 star medieval Islamic architecture were conceived by their designers as a network of zigzagging lines, line pattern, an elongated hexagon decorated where the lines were drafted directly with a straightedge and a compass. -
Geometric Analysis of Forumad Mosques' Ornaments
Proceedings of Bridges 2013: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture Geometric Analysis of Forumad Mosques’ Ornaments Mahsa Kharazmi Reza Sarhangi Department of Art and Architecture Department of Mathematics Tarbiat Modares University Towson University Jalale Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, Iran Towson, Maryland, 21252 [email protected] [email protected] Abstract This article analyzes the architectural designs and ornaments of a 12th century structure in Iran. Friday Mosque of Forumad, Masjid-i Jami' Forumad is a prototype mosque in Persian architecture using an application of ornaments. Architectural ornaments are important examples of practical geometry. The brilliant stucco ornaments, elaborate strapwork patterns with turquoise and cobalt blue, and floral motifs with underlying geometric patterns, made this mosque a worthwhile building in early Iranian-Islamic period. By introducing the mosque’s features, the ornaments that adorn some of the walls will be analyzed and geometric methods for constructing their underlying designs will be presented. 1 Introduction Early mosques were simple buildings with no decoration. After some decades and under the influence of advanced civilizations of conquered territories, architectural ornaments entered into their existence. Since Islamic thought prohibited artists and craftsmen of creating human figures, they turned their attention to abstract forms. They also benefited from mathematics, which flourished in early Islamic period in Baghdad. This resulted to a widespread movement in Islamic geometric art. Even though the designers of those structures had remarkable knowledge of applied geometry, there exist few written records to explain various methods that they employed for constructions of their designs [7]. Nevertheless, based on the detailed and sophisticated geometric designs in these documents we may suggest that some degree of mathematical literacy may have existed among the master builders, architects and master engineers [1]. -
Two-Level Patterns in Practice
Persian Two-Level Patterns in Practice. Tony Lee, February/March 2016 Two-level patterns arise when the spaces between the lines of one pattern (the larger, or upper-level pattern) are filled with tiles of another pattern (the smaller or lower-level pattern). Usually the tiles of the lower-level pattern are so arranged that the pattern is continuous across the lines of the upper-level pattern. That is, in such a case, if the lines of the larger pattern were removed the smaller pattern would present a single, complex pattern covering the whole pattern area. If the upper and lower level patterns are similar, or contain the same shapes (but at two different scales) then such a pattern may be regarded loosely as self-similar. Most discussions of these concepts are concerned with Islamic geometric patterns, where there is frequently a large-scale pattern picked out in various ways ⏤ for example, by colour contrast, or greater width of banding ⏤ superimposed on a small-scale pattern. Strict self-similarity is rarely achieved in traditonal Islamic patterns. Recent literature on Islamic patterns has recognised a number of different categories of two-level patterns, but there is one category of tile mosaic in which the manner of execution has been consistently misrepresented in the computer graphic illustrations accompanying a number of modern accounts. In this type of two-level pattern the lines of the large or level-one pattern are widened as bands, separating different areas (polygons, compartments) of this upper level pattern, which are then filled with modular arrangements of parts of the smaller or level-two pattern.