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Two New Indo-Pacific Labrid Fishes of the Genus Halichoeres, with Notes on Other Species of the Genus!

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Two New Indo-Pacific Labrid Fishes of the Genus Halichoeres, with Notes on Other Species of the Genus! Pacific Science (1980), vol. 34, no. 4 cD 1981 by The University Press of Hawaii. All rights reserved Two New Indo-Pacific Labrid Fishes of the Genus Halichoeres, with Notes on Other Species of the Genus! JOHN E. RANDALL 2 ABSTRACT: Two new wrasses of the genus Halichoeres are described: H. chrysus, a bright-yellow species with one to three black spots in the dorsal fin and one at the upper base of the caudal fin, which occurs in the western Pacific and at Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean; and H. melasmapomus, which is distinctive in having a large blue-edged black spot on the opercle, and occurs in Oceania, the western Pacific, and at Christmas and Cocos-Keeling Islands in the Indian Ocean. Halichoeres leparensis is shown to be the female of H. argus. The male and female color phases of H. melanurus are differentiated. Halichoeres gymnocephalus is synonymized as the female of H. chloropterus and H. kawarin as the male of H. timorensis. The very different juvenile color patterns of H. podostigma and H. prosopeion are described. FOR SEVERAL YEARS the author has been Halichoeres represent new species. The pri­ accumulating specimens of two unidentified mary purpose of the present paper is to species of labrid fishes of the genus Hali­ describe them. In addition, illustrations and choeres in Oceania and the western Pacific. discussions are presented on the sexual color Both are relatively common, though not phases and juvenile forms of other Indo­ often taken in less than 20 m. They have Pacific species of the genus. remained on museum shelves identified only as Halichoeres sp., with the expectation that names for them would eventually be found MATERIALS AND METHODS in the literature. One of these fishes, distinc­ tive in possessing a large ocellated black spot Type specimens of the new species have on the opercle, was first collected in the been deposited at the following institutions: Tuamotu Archipelago in 1957; the other, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel­ which is bright yellow in life, was obtained phia (ANSP); Australian Museum, Sydney initially in the Caroline Islands in 1968. In (AMS); California Academy of Sciences, San recent years, other fish enthusiasts have col­ Francisco (CAS); Museum National d'His­ lected specimens of these two wrasses. Unex­ toire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Seto Marine pectedly, both species have been found at Biological Laboratory, Shirahama, Waka­ Christmas Island in the eastern Indian yama Prefecture (SMBL); U.S. National Ocean and one at the Cocos-Keeling Islands Museum of Natural History, Washington, as well. It is now apparent that these two D.C. (USNM); and the Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAM). In descriptions of the new species, data in I Field work at various Pacific islands was supported by grants from the National Geographic Society, the parentheses refer to paratypes. More mea­ National Science Foundation, and the Foreign Ex­ surement data are presented in the tables change Program of the Smithsonian Institution. Funds than are summarized in the text. Propor­ for the color plates were obtained from the Charles tional measurements in the text are rounded Engelhard Foundation. Manuscript accepted 15 July 1980. to the nearest 0.05. 2 Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Post Office Box 19000­ Standard length (SL) is measured from the A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96819. most anterior end of the snout in the median 415 416 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 34, October 80 line (either upper lip or upper canines, which­ tally between verticals at the rear base of the ever is more anterior) to the base ofthe caudal anal fin and base of the caudal fin. The fin (posterior end of hypural plate). Head lengths of the fin spines and rays are taken length is measured from the same anterior to their extreme bases (from X rays or by point to the posterior end of the opercular transmitting bright light through bases of flap. Body depth is the greatest depth, taken fins). Length of pectoral fin is taken from the from the base of the dorsal spines to the distal tip of the longest ray to the extreme ventral margin of the abdomen (though cor­ base of that ray. The upper rudimentary recting for any obvious malformation of pre­ pectoral ray is included in the counts of the servation). Width of body is measured just rays of these fins. Gill-raker counts include posterior to the gill opening. Orbit diameter all rudiments. is the greatest fleshy diameter, but the inter­ orbital width is the least bony width. The length of the upper jaw is measured from the Halichoeres chrysus, n. sp. front of the snout to the end of the maxilla Figures 1,2 (dissection was often necessary on larger specimens to expose maxilla). The depth of Thalassoma lutescens (non Lay and Ben­ the caudal peduncle is the least depth; the nett) Burgess and Axelrod, 1974, Pac. length of the peduncle is measured horizon- Mar. Fishes, Book 4, p. 883, fig. 75 TABLE I PROPORTIONAL MEASUREMENTS OF TYPE SPECIMENS OF Halichoeres chrysus (EXPRESSED AS APERCENTAGE OF . STANDARD LENGTH) PARATYPES HOLOTYPE BPBM BPBM BPBM BPBM BPBM BPBM BPBM BPBM 16151 22224 15591 19121 19617 9358 22182 16088 Standard length (mm) 79.4 21.7 36.9 45.0 49.8 56.2 67.1 78.0 Depth of body 28.2 26.3 26.8 26.9 28.7 27.6 29.5 27.5 Width of body 12.9 14.0 13.2 11.0 13.1 10.8 I \.8 12.2 Head length 3\.5 36.4 34.7 34.9 33.1 33.5 31.2 3\.4 Snout length 11.3 10.9 10.3 10.9 10.2 11.1 10.7 11.2 Orbit diameter 6.2 10.2 9.2 7.5 7.4 8.0 6.3 6.1 Bony interorbital width 7.1 7.8 7.3 7.1 6.7 7.4 7.0 6.7 Length of upper jaw 9.1 9.7 8.7 8.9 8.7 8.9 8.5 9.8 Least depth of caudal peduncle 15.5 15.2 14.7 14.4 15.0 15.8 15.8 15.9 Length of caudal peduncle 8.2 8.9 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.5 7.9 8.6 Predorsal length 30.5 36.1 36.0 32.6 30.1 32.7 30.0 30.2 Preanal length 54.8 60.0 6\.8 6\.0 56.2 58.3 56.8 55.4 Prepelvic length 32.6 36.7 34.6 33.4 32.1 34.2 32.3 32.7 Length of first dorsal spine 7.1 5.8 5.9 6.7 Broken 7.2 6.7 6.7 Length of second dorsal spine 8.8 7.8 8.1 7.8 7.1 8.7 7.8 8.1 Length of ninth dorsal spine 10.7 12.4 12.4 11.1 10.5 10.8 10.9 10.4 Length of longest dorsal ray 12.8 13.8 13.6 13.1 13.1 14.1 13.7 13.0 Length of dorsal fin base 64.5 56.7 58.0 6\.2 63.6 61.2 63.1 63.0 Length of first anal spine 4.1 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.4 Length of third anal spine 8.7 9.4 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.9 8.2 7.7 Length of longest anal ray 11.6 12.9 12.3 11.8 11.5 13.2 12.4 I\.6 Length of anal fin base 36.9 31.8 35.5 33.0 35.1 35.0 37.4 34.4 Length ofcaudal fin 22.3 25.0 24.5 24.2 22.9 24.6 22.7 23.1 Length of pectoral fin 19.0 20.0 20.4 19.8 19.2 22.0 25.8 19.6 Length of pelvic spine 12.8 10.9 11.7 11.8 10.1 12.7 11.9 13.1 Length of pelvic fin 19.0 14.3 16.5 16.3 15.5 17.9 17.2 20.7 *6#4' pi lip 4It$i.. #IB@ - M 4ES£J New Labrid Fishes of the Genus Halichoeres-RANDALL 417 (southern Taiwan); Mayland, 1975, Kor­ New Guinea, Madang, south side of Rausch allenfische und Niedere Tiere, p. 223, Pass, small isolated coral heads on sloping fig. 161; Burgess and Axelrod, 1975, sand bottom, 30-34 m, rotenone, J. E. Pac. Mar. Fishes, Book 6, p. 1573, fig. Randall and R. C. Steene, 18 August 1973; 399 (Madang, New Guinea). BPBM 19617,2:49.8-51.7 mm SL, Marshall Halichoeres sp. Masuda, Araga, and Islands, Enewetak Atoll, lagoon off north­ Yoshino, 1975. Coastal fishes of south­ east end of Enewetak Island, small patch ern Japan, p. 303, pI. 109-F (southern reef on sand, 12.5 m, P. M. Allen, 10 August Japan). 1973; 5MBL-F 73386, 55.2 mm SL, Japan, Halichoeres sp. I Allen and Steene, 1979, Honshu, near Cape Shiono-misaki, rocky Spec. Publ. Austral. Nat. Parks WildI. reef, 15 m, M. Irie, November 1973; USNM Servo 2: 49, pI. 15 (mislabeled 14) 221623, 2: 23.4-70.0 mm SL, Marshall (Christmas Island, Indian Ocean). Islands, Enewetak Atoll, Japtan (David) Island, small patch reef on sand in lagoon, HOLOTYPE: BPBM 16151, 79.4 mm SL, 18.5 m, rotenone, J. E. Randall, R. M. male, Solomon Islands, Florida Island, McNair, and P. Lamberson, 13 December Sandfly Passage, reef in 7 m, spear, J.
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