The Every Day Book of History and Chronology

THE EVERY DAY BOOK OF HISTORY AND CHRONOLOGY: EMBRACING THE ~unilitrsarits of ittmarahlt 'trsaus Rnh OBbtnfs, IN EVERY PERIOD AND STATE OF THE WORLD, FROM: THE CREATION TO THE PRESENT TIME. BY JOEL MUNSELL. "What hath this day done Y What hath it deserved Y" NEW YORK: D. APPLETON & CO., 846 BROADWAY. 1858. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1858, BY JOEL MUNSELL, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District of New York. PREFACE. The object of this work, as will be seen, is to bring together the great events of each day of the year, in all ages, as far as their dates can be ascertained, and to arrange them chronologically. It has been necessary to observe brevity in its compilation, in order to reduce it within a proper compass. Hence notices of the most cminent men are often confined to two or three lines, while indi viduals of less note have occasionally received more attention, on account of the absence of ready reference to them in books. The dates are in accordance, it is believed, with the best author ities. Great care has been taken to make them so, and nothing has been inserted for which there was not at least some authority. Occasionally authors have been found to disagree in days, months, and evcn ycars, and it has been necessary to rec~mcile, as well as possiblc, such discrepancies. Much of this confusion arises from the change in the calendar; some authors following the old, others the new style, without informing us which they adhere to. The protestant countries did not all adopt the new style till 1777, about two ccnturies after the catholic authorities had reformed the calen dar. The Russians still use the Julian era, and are now conse quently twelve days behind the true time. With these difficulties in the way, no ordinary vigilance ensures an entire freedom from error in a work like this. The dates here, however, are made to conform to the new style as far as practicable. In some cases where different dates have been given, and it has been found im possible to determine the true one, the article has been inserted under different days with cross references. Repetitions have crept in however, which could only be discovered in preparing the index. Errors of this kind are perpetuated by a succession of authors IV. PREFACE. following a wrong date, and are exceedingly difficult to detect, or when suspected, not easilytraced to their origin. When dates have been taken from computations of time other than the Christian era, it should be understood that the corresponding day has been made to conform to our own era, and consequently perfect accuracy can not be claimed for them. It has been said that geography and chronology are the eyes of history; in aiding to promote one of these sciences, the reader will not fail to discover how great and varied is the amount of facts brought together, rendering the work of use to persons of every age and calling. A reference to the index will show more clearly the extent of the work. M .A. Y. MAY 1. voyage he discovered the island of Spitz bergen. 305. DIOCLETIAN, the Roman emperor, 1619. The famous Calvinistic convoca abdicated the throne inj,he presence of the tion, the synod of Dort, caused their de soldiery and a multituae of people, at Ni crees to be publicly read, and dissolved comedia, in the 21st year of his reign. the counciL (May 9 Y 29 Y) When afterwards solicited by a friend to 1637. A court was summoned at Hart resume the purple, he calmly replied, that ford, Conn., to take measures to secure the if he could show the cabbages which he colony against the depredations of the had planted at Salonawith his own hands, Pequot Indians. They determined that an he should no longer be urged to relinquish offensive war should be carried on against the enjoyment of happiness for the pursuit them, and voted to raise 90 men I The of power. Pequots then numbered 5000 fighting men. 475. HENGHIST, the Sall:on, caused 300 1660. The convention parliament having English noblemen to be murdered. heard Charles's letters read by sir John 1119. HENRY I of England obtained a Granville, voted that the government of great victory over the Normans at Bren England should be by king, lords, and ville. commons. 1291. All the Italian merchants in the 1683. ROBERT FITIlGERALD received a realm of France, called money lenders, patent in England for making salt water seized by order of Philip the fair, for their fresh. ransoms. 1701. JOHN DRYllEN, an illustrious Eng 1308. ALBERT I, emperor of Germany, lish poet, died. "What he has done in assassinated by his nephew, John, duke of anyone species or distinct kind of writing Swabia. The Swiss were led by his op would have been sufficient to have ac pressions to assert their liberty. quired him a great name." 1515. HENRY VIII and queen attended 1703. Battle of Pultusk, in Poland, in by nobles went a maying and were enter which the Swedes under Charles XII de tained by the noted forester Robin feated 10,000 Poles. Hood. 1707. Union of England and Scotland 1517. A riot among the Loudon appren consummated. tices, against foreign artisans, which re 1708. CLAUDE DE VERT died; he devot sulted in the death and mutilation of many ed much attention to the ceremonies of the of the latter, principally Frenchmen. It chnrch of Rome, of wlllch he wrote a his commenced at 9 o'clock in the evening, tory. and continued till 3 in the morning. The 1727. FRANCIS PARIS, a French ecclesias exertions of the city authorities, who had tic, died. He retired from office, bestow notice of the meditated riot, were unable ing his property upon his brother, in order to prevent or quell it. The nell:t morning, to devote himself to the austerities of a re several hundred youths, from 13 years ligious life. After his death crowds flock upwards, were arrested, and ten gallows, ed to his grave to touch his holy monu constructed to move from street to street, ment, till the authorities caused the church prepared for their execution. The ring yard to be shut. leaders were drawn, hanged and quartered; 1737. JOHN ALPHONSUS TURRETINI died; when an order came from the king to sus professor of ecclesiastical history at Ge pend the execution, and the remainder neva, distinguished for his learning. were pardoned. 1755. JOIlN BAPTIST OUDRl died; an ad. 1557. England made her first commer mired French painter. cial treaty with Russia. 1760. WILLIAM DUNCAN died; an in 1607. HENRY HUDSON sailed from Grave genious Scottish critic, professor of philo send on his first voyage for the discovery sophy at Aberdeen, and translator of CrE of a northwest passage to India. In this ,ar's Commentaries. May 1.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 175 1771. LOUIS PETIT DE BACHAUMON died; 1830. The Comet started on her first trip a native of Paris, known as the author of up the Arkansas, being the first steam boat several literary works. that ascended that river. 1772. GOTTFRIED ACHENW ALL, an emi 1837. An official return stated that there nent German lecturer on statistics, his were 70,000 English residents in France, tory and the laws of nature, died at G5t and over 24,000 in Paris alone. tingen. 1838. Battle of Rio Pardo, in Rio Grande, 1774. WILLIAM HEWSON died; an emi between the troops of the emperor of Bra nent English anatomist, and medical au zil, about 1,800 in number, and the reo thor. publican forces; the former were com 1775. ISRAEL LYONS died; a celebrated pletely routed. English mathematician. 1839. HERBERT MARSH, professar of di 1776. Dr. ADAM WEISHAUPT,' professor vinity in the university of Cambridge, of canon law at Ingolstadt, founded the England, died. He was the Author of many secret society of the illuminati. learned theological works andcontroversial 1785. MILES COOPER died; a learned publications. English divine and poet. 1848. Insurrectionary movements at 1786. GIBBON concluded the fourth vol Rome in consequence of the pope's refusal ume of his History, immortal as its sub to declare war against Austria. ject. 1854. Great flood in the Oonnecticut 1789. The states general of France met valley; the water was 29~ feet above low at Paris, convened by the king to calm the water mark, and 2~ feet higher than dur troubles of the state, which he had not ing the great flood of 1801. Hundred of power to quell, and which had now as persons were driven from their dwellings sumed a menacing appearance towards and drowned. royalty itself. 1855. The French under Gen. Pelissier 1790. Indian war commenced between carried the Russian works at Sebastopol, the British and Tippo Saib, sultan of My in front of the central bastion, and held sore. them against vigorous sorties, taking eight 1807. Slave trade in the West Indies small mortars, and 200 prisoners. proscribed in the British parliament. 1855. An extraordinary eruption of 1808. A volcano broke out in the island mount Vesuvius commenced, which in ten of St. George, one of the Azores. A crater days had advanced ten miles from its ori- was formed in the centre of the island, ginal source. amidst fertile pastures, 3,500 feet in height, 1856. OGDEN HOFFMAN, a distinguished and this beautiful island, before rich in member of the New York bar, died, aged cattle, corn and wine, became a scene of 62.

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