THE EVERY DAY BOOK

OF

HISTORY AND CHRONOLOGY:

EMBRACING THE

~unilitrsarits of ittmarahlt 'trsaus Rnh OBbtnfs,

IN

EVERY PERIOD AND STATE OF THE WORLD,

FROM: THE CREATION TO THE PRESENT TIME.

BY JOEL MUNSELL.

"What hath this day done Y What hath it deserved Y"

NEW YORK: D. APPLETON & CO., 846 BROADWAY. 1858. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1858,

BY JOEL MUNSELL, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District of New York. PREFACE.

The object of this work, as will be seen, is to bring together the great events of each day of the year, in all ages, as far as their dates can be ascertained, and to arrange them chronologically. It has been necessary to observe brevity in its compilation, in order to reduce it within a proper compass. Hence notices of the most cminent men are often confined to two or three lines, while indi­ viduals of less note have occasionally received more attention, on account of the absence of ready reference to them in books. The dates are in accordance, it is believed, with the best author­ ities. Great care has been taken to make them so, and nothing has been inserted for which there was not at least some authority. Occasionally authors have been found to disagree in days, months, and evcn ycars, and it has been necessary to rec~mcile, as well as possiblc, such discrepancies. Much of this confusion arises from the change in the calendar; some authors following the old, others the new style, without informing us which they adhere to. The protestant countries did not all adopt the new style till 1777, about two ccnturies after the catholic authorities had reformed the calen­ dar. The Russians still use the Julian era, and are now conse­ quently twelve days behind the true time. With these difficulties in the way, no ordinary vigilance ensures an entire freedom from error in a work like this. The dates here, however, are made to conform to the new style as far as practicable. In some cases where different dates have been given, and it has been found im­ possible to determine the true one, the article has been inserted under different days with cross references. Repetitions have crept in however, which could only be discovered in preparing the index. Errors of this kind are perpetuated by a succession of authors IV. PREFACE. following a wrong date, and are exceedingly difficult to detect, or when suspected, not easilytraced to their origin. When dates have been taken from computations of time other than the Christian era, it should be understood that the corresponding day has been made to conform to our own era, and consequently perfect accuracy can not be claimed for them. It has been said that geography and chronology are the eyes of history; in aiding to promote one of these sciences, the reader will not fail to discover how great and varied is the amount of facts brought together, rendering the work of use to persons of every age and calling. A reference to the index will show more clearly the extent of the work. M .A. Y.

MAY 1. voyage he discovered the island of Spitz­ bergen. 305. DIOCLETIAN, the Roman emperor, 1619. The famous Calvinistic convoca­ abdicated the throne inj,he presence of the tion, the synod of Dort, caused their de­ soldiery and a multituae of people, at Ni­ crees to be publicly read, and dissolved comedia, in the 21st year of his reign. the counciL (May 9 Y 29 Y) When afterwards solicited by a friend to 1637. A court was summoned at Hart­ resume the purple, he calmly replied, that ford, Conn., to take measures to secure the if he could show the cabbages which he colony against the depredations of the had planted at Salonawith his own hands, Pequot Indians. They determined that an he should no longer be urged to relinquish offensive war should be carried on against the enjoyment of happiness for the pursuit them, and voted to raise 90 men I The of power. Pequots then numbered 5000 fighting men. 475. HENGHIST, the Sall:on, caused 300 1660. The convention parliament having English noblemen to be murdered. heard Charles's letters read by sir John 1119. HENRY I of England obtained a Granville, voted that the government of great victory over the Normans at Bren­ England should be by king, lords, and ville. commons. 1291. All the Italian merchants in the 1683. ROBERT FITIlGERALD received a realm of France, called money lenders, patent in England for making salt water seized by order of Philip the fair, for their fresh. ransoms. 1701. JOHN DRYllEN, an illustrious Eng­ 1308. ALBERT I, emperor of Germany, lish poet, died. "What he has done in assassinated by his nephew, John, duke of anyone species or distinct kind of writing Swabia. The Swiss were led by his op­ would have been sufficient to have ac­ pressions to assert their liberty. quired him a great name." 1515. HENRY VIII and queen attended 1703. Battle of Pultusk, in Poland, in by nobles went a maying and were enter­ which the Swedes under Charles XII de­ tained by the noted forester Robin feated 10,000 Poles. Hood. 1707. Union of England and Scotland 1517. A riot among the Loudon appren­ consummated. tices, against foreign artisans, which re­ 1708. CLAUDE DE VERT died; he devot­ sulted in the death and mutilation of many ed much attention to the ceremonies of the of the latter, principally Frenchmen. It chnrch of Rome, of wlllch he wrote a his­ commenced at 9 o'clock in the evening, tory. and continued till 3 in the morning. The 1727. FRANCIS PARIS, a French ecclesias­ exertions of the city authorities, who had tic, died. He retired from office, bestow­ notice of the meditated riot, were unable ing his property upon his brother, in order to prevent or quell it. The nell:t morning, to devote himself to the austerities of a re­ several hundred youths, from 13 years ligious life. After his death crowds flock­ upwards, were arrested, and ten gallows, ed to his grave to touch his holy monu­ constructed to move from street to street, ment, till the authorities caused the church prepared for their execution. The ring yard to be shut. leaders were drawn, hanged and quartered; 1737. JOHN ALPHONSUS TURRETINI died; when an order came from the king to sus­ professor of ecclesiastical history at Ge­ pend the execution, and the remainder neva, distinguished for his learning. were pardoned. 1755. JOIlN BAPTIST OUDRl died; an ad. 1557. England made her first commer­ mired French painter. cial treaty with Russia. 1760. WILLIAM DUNCAN died; an in­ 1607. HENRY HUDSON sailed from Grave­ genious Scottish critic, professor of philo­ send on his first voyage for the discovery sophy at Aberdeen, and translator of CrE­ of a northwest passage to India. In this ,ar's Commentaries. May 1.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 175 1771. LOUIS PETIT DE BACHAUMON died; 1830. The Comet started on her first trip a native of Paris, known as the author of up the Arkansas, being the first steam boat several literary works. that ascended that river. 1772. GOTTFRIED ACHENW ALL, an emi­ 1837. An official return stated that there nent German lecturer on statistics, his­ were 70,000 English residents in France, tory and the laws of nature, died at G5t­ and over 24,000 in Paris alone. tingen. 1838. Battle of Rio Pardo, in Rio Grande, 1774. WILLIAM HEWSON died; an emi­ between the troops of the emperor of Bra­ nent English anatomist, and medical au­ zil, about 1,800 in number, and the reo thor. publican forces; the former were com­ 1775. ISRAEL LYONS died; a celebrated pletely routed. English mathematician. 1839. HERBERT MARSH, professar of di­ 1776. Dr. ADAM WEISHAUPT,' professor vinity in the university of Cambridge, of canon law at Ingolstadt, founded the England, died. He was the Author of many secret society of the illuminati. learned theological works andcontroversial 1785. MILES COOPER died; a learned publications. English divine and poet. 1848. Insurrectionary movements at 1786. GIBBON concluded the fourth vol­ Rome in consequence of the pope's refusal ume of his History, immortal as its sub­ to declare war against Austria. ject. 1854. Great flood in the Oonnecticut 1789. The states general of France met valley; the water was 29~ feet above low at Paris, convened by the king to calm the water mark, and 2~ feet higher than dur­ troubles of the state, which he had not ing the great flood of 1801. Hundred of power to quell, and which had now as­ persons were driven from their dwellings sumed a menacing appearance towards and drowned. royalty itself. 1855. The French under Gen. Pelissier 1790. Indian war commenced between carried the Russian works at Sebastopol, the British and Tippo Saib, sultan of My­ in front of the central bastion, and held sore. them against vigorous sorties, taking eight 1807. Slave trade in the West Indies small mortars, and 200 prisoners. proscribed in the British parliament. 1855. An extraordinary eruption of 1808. A volcano broke out in the island mount Vesuvius commenced, which in ten of St. George, one of the Azores. A crater days had advanced ten miles from its ori- was formed in the centre of the island, ginal source. . amidst fertile pastures, 3,500 feet in height, 1856. OGDEN HOFFMAN, a distinguished and this beautiful island, before rich in member of the New York bar, died, aged cattle, corn and wine, became a scene of 62. He served as a midshipman in the ruin and devastation. last war with Great Britain, aiter which he 1809. GOTTLIEB CONRAD PFEFFEL, one of studied law, and took the front rank in the best poets of Germany, died. He be­ his profession, and showed an eminent fit­ came blind at the age of 21, a misfortune ness for the public offices which he filled. which he bore more than 80 years, and 1856. GEORGE JAMES GUTHRIE, an emi­ rendered himself a useful citizen by con­ nent British surgeon, diAd in London, ducting a school where many excellent aged 71. He published several valuable scholars were educated. works on surgery. 1813. British and Indians opened their fire upon fort Meigs, from a 24, a 12 and a 6 pounder, and a howitzer. They fired MAY 2. 260 shot, and wounded 8 men, 1 mortally. 1813. JOHN BAPTIST BESSIERS, duke of 373. ATHANASIUS, patriarch of Alexand­ Istria, killed. He distinguished himself ria, died. His parents were pagans; he under Napoleon, by whom he was greatly became a Christian, and distinguished lamented. He was killed in the combat llimself by his learning, and the zeal with that preceded the battle of Lutzen. which he opposed the Arian heresy. 1813. JAMES DELILLE, one of the most 1450. The duke of Suffolk, prime minis­ celebrated of modern French. poets, died. ter to Henry VI of England, beheaded in a 1814. PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT, a distin­ boat at Calais. During his ministry Eng­ guished revolutionary patriot, died at his land lost most of her possessions in France. Beat at Croton river, aged 94. He was a Yet his murder was resented by the for­ member of the first provincial congress, midable rebellion of Jack Cade. and eighteen years lieutenant governor of 1487. LAMBERT SIMNEL, an impostor, the state of New York. crowned at Dublin, by the title of Ed­ 1823. The skeleton, entire, of a mam­ ward VI. moth, was discovered at Hford, in Essex, 1494. COLUMBUS discovered the island of England. Jamaica. 176 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 2.

1519. LEONARDO DA VINCI, a celebrated commencement ofhostilities was appointed Italian painter, died. He distinguished to the chief command of the Connecticut himself in early youth by the variety of troops. studies which he accomplished. He after­ 1785. JOHN LEWIS MOREAU DE BEAU­ wards became the head of the Florentine MONT, a French political author, died. His school of painting. works are much and deservedly admired. 1520. SEBASTIAN BRANDT died; coun­ 1795. The number of prisoners confined sellor of Strassburg, a lawyer, and author in the 12 prisons of Paris amounted to of a curious poem. 2338. 1550. JOAN BOCHER, of Kent, England, 1802. BONAPARTE constituted first con­ burnt for heresy. sul for a second term of ten years. 1568. MARY, queen of Scots, aided by 1808. Embargo laid on American ship­ the gallant George Douglass, escaped from ping in Frauce. the castle of Lochleven, where she was 1808. The royal family of Spain sent confined after the murder of Darnley. pIisoners to France. At the sight of this 1595. ANTHONY, titular king of Portugal, procedure, there was a general insurrec­ died at Paris, a fugitive from the victorious tion of the inhabitants of Madrid, who at­ arms of the Spaniards. taeked the French soldiers with knives, 1606. FERNAND DE QUIROS discovered and a bloody contest took place, which the New Hebrides islands. was only quelled by scouring the streets 1611. The Half Moon, in which HUDSON with grap!l shot. The Spaniards finally made his memorable voyage of discovery, desisted on seeing their resistance fruitless. sailed in company with another vessel to It is estimated that 4,000 French and 6,000 the East Indies, under captain Laurens Re­ Spaniards lost their lives. del, and was lost. (March 6.) 1808. JOHN COLLINS died; author of The 1635. HORACE VERE, an English general, Evening Brush, an oral entertainment of died. He was created baron Tilbury by "tory, song and sentiment, which he de­ Charles I for meritorious services. livered many years with great success, in 1667. GEORGE WITHERS, an English pas­ all the principal towns in Great Britain. In toral poet, died. He was so zealous a par­ this sort of entertainment he has had tisan of democracy, and of Cromwell, that many followers, among whom the most the authorities frequently placed him in a noted was Chal'les Matthews. straight jacket. His poems were numerous 1809. Battle of Amaranta, in Portugal, and quaint. in which the Portuguese were defeated by 1679. JAMES SHARP, archbishop of St. the French under Soult. Andrews, assassinated for his z!:al in the 1813. Battle of Lutzen, between the cause of the episcopacy in Scotland. French army under Bonaparte, and the 1691. GEORGE MACKENZIE, a Scottish allies, under the kings of Russia and Prus­ lawyer, died. He figured conspicuously sia. 'fhe attack was commenced by the in trials of witchcraft, which puzzled the allies under Blucher upon the French best heads in those days, and it is probable centre, with a fury irresistible. The battle that he dealt with that sin most thorough­ was for a long time maintained by both ly, for he received the appellation of "the armies with obstinate energy. It was the blood thirsty advocate." He was a literary more desperate and deplorable, says sir character, however, of no small note, and Walter Scott, that on the one side fought was among the first Scotchmen who wrote the flower of the Russian youth, which the English language in a style approach­ had left their universities to support the ing to purity. cause of national honor and freedom·; and 1711. LAWRENCE HYDE, earl of Roches­ on the other, the young men of Paris, ter, died; deservedly respected as an able many of them of the best rank, who statesman. bravely endeavored to sustain their coun­ 1753. LEONOR JEAN CHRISTINE SOULAS try's long pre-emihent claim to victory. n'ALLAINVAL died; a native of Chartres, Both combatted .under the eyes of their in France, and author of several comedies respective sovereigns, maintainedthe honor of merit. of their country, and paid an ample tribute 1774. Permission was given to the society to the carnage of the day. The victory of antiquaries to open the stone coffin of finally resulted to the arms of the French, Edward I, and it was found that the body by the superior general"hip of their great was in a perfect state of preservation, and leader, and the determined bravery of his measured 6 feet 2 inches. It had been troops. 'l'he allies sustained a loss of 20,­ placed in wax. 000, and among them se.veral experienced 1777. DAVID WOOSTER, a revolutionary officers. The French loss was severe. officer, died of a wound received in pur­ 1817. CATIlARINE RUSH died at Philadel. suing the British from Danbury (April 27). pllia, aged llO years, II months. He graduated at Yale college, and at the 1821. HESTER LYNCH PIOZZI, an English May 2.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 177 authoress, died. She is known as Mrs. chair. He is distinguished as a man of Thrale, the friend of Dr. Johnson. great firmness, liberal and munificent. 1825. ADAM SEYBERT, an American sta­ 1481. MAHOMET II, sultan of Turkey, tistical writer, died at Paris. He was a died. He took Constantinople from the member of congress from Philadelphia, Christians, thereby driving many learned and a man of science. men into the 'Vest, which was a great 1836. JEREmAH HOLME WHIFFEN, an cause of the restoration of learning in Eu­ English poet, died. He belonged to the rope. society of friends, published a variety of 1493. The pope iSSued a great buU, by miscellaneous poems, a translation of the which the infidel world was divided be­ Spanish poet Garcilasso de la Vega, and tween Perdinand and Isabella on the one of Tasso. hand, and the Portuguese on the other. 1840. THOMAS MANNING, a eminent Eng­ That is, the Spanish were granted the full lish linguist, died, aged 67. Having made right to all countries inhabited by infidels several ineffectual attempts to penetrate which they should discover west of an im­ China, his services were solicited by the aginary line drawn from pole to pole, at British government, to accompany lord a distance of 100 leagues westward of the Amherst in his embassy to that country. Azores, while the Portuguese were to have He made himself one of the first Chinese all east of that line. scholars in Europe, and collected one of 1568. DOMINIQUE DE GOURGES, having the finest Chinese libraries to be found in destroyed the Spanish settlements in Flo­ that quarter of the world. rida, embarked for France. The Spani­ 1844. WILLIAM BECKFORD, author of the ards had seized the French settlements in Arabian tale entitled Vathek, with many the same places, and murdered the inhab­ other wotks, died at Fonthill, England. itants. Gourges fitted out three vessels 1855. GEORGE HEAD; a British commis­ and 150 soldiers at his own expense to re­ sariat, died, aged 73. He published sev­ venge their death, and repair the honor eral valuable works, relating to diiierent of his nation. The Spaniards were well parts of the world, where his duties called fortified to the number of 400 in their him, and was knighted in 1831. forts; but de Gourges reso 'utely pressed 1856. JAMES GATES PERCIVAL, an emi­ forward, and after a desperate assault nent American poet and philosopher, died carried the forts. Those who escaped in Wisconsin, aged 60. He was a native the massacre were hung upon the same of Connecticut, graduated at Yale college, trees on which the Frenchmen had previ­ and studied medicine, but devoted himself ously been hung. 'I'he Spaniards had to the cultivation of poetry, and the pur­ placed over their vietims a label, signifying, suit of science. He assisted in preparing "I do not this as to Frenchmen, but as to Webster's Dutionary for the press, and Lutherans" De Gourges replaced it with '!mperintended the publication of Malte a tablet of fir wood, on whIch was graven Brun's Geography. He afterwards made a the following: "Ido not this as to Spani­ geological survey of Connecticut, and in ards, nor as to mariners, but as to traitors, 1854 was appointed state geologist of Wis­ robbers and murderers." consin, in which service he died. Although 1573. A border feud at Reed~quair, be­ distinguished for his attainments in philo­ tween the English and Scottish march­ logy and general science, he will be chiefly men, in which the former were completely remembered as one of the eminent Ameri­ beaten. 'I'his skirmish was the last of any can poets. note between the two nations. 1621. Sentence of fine and imprison­ MAY 3. ment passed upon lord Bacon in the house of peers for bribery. 1324. A poetic festival at Toulouse called 1649. ISAAC DomsLAus assassinated; a jeuxfloraux, to which all the poets of the Dutchman who went from Leyden to Eng­ Langue d'Oc were invited, where the com­ land and read lectures on history at Cam­ poser of the best poem was to receive a bridge. He was alternately royalist and violet of fine gold. The celebrated trou­ republiean during the civil wars; and was badour, Arnaud Vidal, won the prize. stabbed to the heart by some enthusiastic 1381. J onN BALL, a priest and compeer royalist while on an embassy to Holland. of the notorious Wat Tyler, preached to 1655. 'I'he English took the island of Tyler's army from the proverbial rhyme: Jamaica from the Spanish. " When Adam dalfe and Eve span, 1664. The earl of Tiviot, governor of 'Who' was then a gentleman?" Tangier, surprised and defeated by the 1410. ALEXANDER V, pope, died. He Moors. was originally a beggar, but found means 1697. KALDAN, khan of the Eleuts, who to cultivate his mind, and rose by degrees had for several years eluded the formidable in the church till he reached the pontifical armies sent against him annually from 23 178 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 3

China, accompanied by the emperor him­ assembly when Louis XVI accepted the self, being finally reduced to the last ex­ constitution of 1791. tremity, and abandoned by his best sUb­ 1797. The first commencement ofUnion jects, put an end to his life by poison. College for conferring degrees in the arts 1702. Lord CORNBURY commenced his and sciences. administration of the government of New 1797. BONAPARTE invaded Venice pre­ York. tending that the Venetians had illtreated 1711. RICHARD CRISWELL, a noted Eng­ the French. This issued in republicanizing lish printer and an extensive publisher, Venice and Genoa. died. 1799. BENJAMIN FLOWER, printer of the 1733. RICHARD Cox, lord chancellor of -Cambridge I'1Itelligencer, was fined .£100 and Ireland, died. He published a history of ordered by the house of lords to be im­ that kingdom. , prisoned 6 months, for some freedom with 1747. Naval battle between the English the speech of bishop Llandaft', fleet under Anson and Warren, and the 1802. PETER ELMSLY, a partner of the French fleet under 1\1. de la Jonquiere, celebrated Paul Valliant, and himself an which was convoying six East India ships importer of books and no mean critic and and a number of transports and merchant­ linguist, died. men to Canada. After a regular and well 1810. Lord BYRON, in emulation of Le­ fought battle, the French struck their col­ ander, swam the Dardanelles, from Abydos ors. 'l'he loss of the Frend1 killed and to Sestos. The distance, including the wounded was 700; that of the British 500. length he was carried by the current, was The trophies of the victory were six men upwards of four miles; though the actual of war and all of their East India ships, breadth is barely one. and between four and five thousand pT.i­ 1813. Havre de Grace, Maryland, burnt soners. The treasure taken on board these by the British. vessels was afterwards conveyed to the 1814. BONAPARTE arrived at the island bank of England in 20 wagons. The of Elba, and Louis XVIII made his en­ French loss by this defeat was estimated trance into Paris. at one million and a half. 1814. THOMAS COKE, a methodist bishop 1759. A young woman in England who in the United States, died. He became 'had laid a considerable wager that she one vf. the assistants of Mr. Wesley, and could ride 1000 miles in 1000 hours, fin­ was active in the service of the church. ished her match in a little more than two­ He wrote a Commentary on the Bible, HiJ;tory thirds of that time. At her coming in the of the West Indies, ~c. country people strewed flowers in her way. 1816. JAMES McHENRY, confident of 1763. GEORGE PSALM:AN AZAR, a literary Gen. Washington, and for some time se­ impostor, died. He was a native of cretary of war, died at Baltimore. France, and obtained a thorough education. 1818. Capt. Ross sailed from Shetland, After various adventures he arrived at on his first voyage for the discovery of the London under the character of a .Japanese north-west passage. converted to Christianity, was patronized 1839. FERNANDO PAER, an Italian dra­ by the great, and undertook to translate matic composer, died at Paris. He was a the catechIsm into Japanese, and wrote a native of Parma; his pieces have been history of the country. Some absurdities performed in Germany, l-rance and Italy, were detected, when he confessed himself with success. an impostor, and afterwards subsisted by 1840. JAMES MORISON, self-styled The turning his pen to better employment. HygeiJ;t, died at Paris, aged 70. He was '1765. Sujah ul DOWLAH defeated at the inventor of· the vegetable universal Calpy, in India, by the British. medicines, known as Morison's Pills, from 1776. Sir PETER PARKER'S squadron of which he realized great profits, and is said 20 sail arrived at Cape Fear river, with to have paid the English government in lord Cornwallis. ten years £60,000 for medicine stamps. 1784. ANTHONY BANEZET, a philanthro­ 1849. A sel'ious insurrection occurred at pist of Philadelphia, died. He was a na­ Dresden, in Saxony, but was in a few tive of France, and early engaged in mer­ days put down. cantile pursuits, which he abandoned to 1852. SARAH COLERIDGE died; the ac­ devote his attention to objects of benevo­ complished and only daughter of S. T. lence and philanthropy, in which he con­ Coleridge. She translated from the Latin tinued during a long life. the curious works of Dobrizhofleron Para­ 1793. Battle of Famars, in which the guay, 3 vols., and completed the editorial allies drove the French from their camp care of her father's Literary Remains, be­ with great loss. gun by her husband. 1794. JAMES WILLIAM THOURET guillo­ 1853. JOHNE. GIBSON, an eminent Penn­ tined; he was president of the national sylvania jurist, died at Philadelphia, aged May 3.J EVERY DAYBOOK. 179 73; at which time he was judge of the 1791. The pope burnt in effigy at Paris. supreme court. 1789. Seringapatam, a city of Hindos­ 1856. ADOLPHE CHARLES ADAM, the not­ tan, taken by storm by the British, under ed French music composer, died at Paris, Gen. Harris. Tippoo Saib was slain, with aged 54. • 8,000 of his men. The treasure found in the city amounted to £3,000,000; 2,200 cannon, and an immense booty, fell into MAY 4. the hands of the conquerors, and the once powerful kingdom of Mysore was extin­ 1471. Rattle of Tewkesbury, between guished. the York partisans and the Lancastrians, 1804. The conservative senate sent a. in which the latter were defeated, and deputation to Bonaparte, expressing their queen Margaret and her son Edward tak­ desire that he would accept the title of en prisoners. The young prince was emperor. basely murdered on the spot, by the dnkes 1813. Heavy rain retarded the firing on of Gloncester and Clarence. fort Meigs; 220 cannon shot wcre fired; 2 1605. ULYSSES ALDROVAND, a Bolognese killed, several wounded. The rifle was philosopher, died. He was the most cele­ mOB used this day than on any other. brated natur"list of the 16th ccntury, and 1831. MJ

1526. FREDERICK (the wise), elechH of mental acquirements, but passionate and Savoy, died. He was onc of the first and often inflamed by inebriety. most zealous friends of Luther. 1776. Congress declared the authority 1529. PAuI.r;s lEMILlUs, a learned Italian, of England over the thirteen colonies died. He was invited to France, where he abolished. employed a great number of years in writ­ 1785. THOMAS DAVIES (alias Honest Tom ing a history of 'the French kings, but did Davies), an English author, died. He was not live to finish it. educated at the university of Edinburgh, 1556. The company of London station­ became an actor, afterwards a bookseller, ers receivcd their first charter from Philip turned strolling player, married Miss Yar­ and Mary, under the title of "The master row, an actress of great beauty, ret)1rned and keepers or wardens, and commonalty, to bookselling, became bankrupt, was re­ of the mystery or art of the stationers of licved by the assistance of Dr. Johnson, the city of London." wrote the Life of Garrick, several other 1586. HENRY SIDNEY, an English states­ biographies and innumerable miscellanies, man, died. He was the favorite of Ed­ and was entrusted with the publication of ward VI, and afterwards employed by Granger's Biographical History of England. Mary and Elizabeth. 1789. JOSEPH BARETTI, an Italian lexi­ 1618. One WILLIAMS, a barrister, ar­ cographer, died. He emigrated to Eng­ raigned for libeling the king, was execut­ land, where he published an Italian and ed. English dictionary, and assisted Dr. John­ 1643. Parliament of England ordered the son in compiling his dictionary. Book of Sports to be burned by the common 1789. Assembly of the states general of hangman. France, at Versailles. 'l'his may be called 1670. FRANCIS ANNIBAL D'EsTREES, a the first day of the revolution, although French s~atesman, died, aged 98. He dis­ the object of the meeting was to prevent tinguished himself by several military ex­ such a catastrophe. ploits, and wrote some valuable historical 1795. The law went into operation in works. England imposing a tax on wearing hair 1682'. WILLIAM PENN,published in Eng­ powder. land his frame of government for the col­ 1802. Cleopatra's coffin, head of the ony of Pennsylvania. Theban ram, and other" Egyptian curiosi· 1687. A proclamation was issued by gov­ ties, arrived in England. ernment to establish a manufactor.y for 1804. Fran('e formed into an empire. white paper in England. 1808. PETER JOHN GEORGE CABANIS, a 1700. STEPHEN MORIN, a French protest­ French physician, died. H~ was the friend ant divine, died at Amsterdam. He was of Mirabeau, sat in the council of 500, and professor of oriental languages; his dis­ in the senate of Napoleon acquired great sertations on various subjects of criticism reputation for talent, learning and bene­ and antiquity were highly esteemed. volence. His works are published in 7 1705. LEOPOI,D I, emperor of Germany, volumes. died. He was long engaged in sanguinary 1811. Battle of Fuentes d'Onor, in Por­ war with the Turks and the French, who tugal ; the French repulsed with great loss, pillaged and destroyed his frontier towns. by the British under Wellington. 1706. Lateral eruption of the peak of 1813. Battle at Fort Meigs; Gen. Clay Teneriffe. A volcano opened at" the south arrived with 1,000 Kentucky militia and, side, towards the port of Garachico, and volunteers, attacked the British, carried in a few hours not an edifice of that popu­ their batteries and spiked their cannon; lous city was left standing. but having pressed too far in pursuit, were 1710. NICHOLAS JOSEPH POISSON, a French met by a reinforcement of Indians, and in priest, died. He was the friend of Des­ turn defeated, so that only 150 escaped. cartes, and a philosopher; distinguished The British had fired 143 cannon shot into for his eloquence and as an' author. the fort before the arrival of Gen. Clav. 1751. JOHN PICHON died; a French Je­ American loss, 64 killed, 124 wounded, suit and an aulhor. exclusive of Clay's loss. British stated 1757. Battle of Prague, between the their loss at 103, killed, wounded aud Prussians under Frederick the great and missing, and that they had taken 495 the Austrians. The Prussians were victor­ American prisoners. ious, after a bloody contest, in which the 1814. NAPOLEOX landed at Elba at an distinguished general, count Schwerin, early hour in disguise, with a sergeant's was killed. Austrian loss 24,000; Prus­ company of marines. He made a formal sian Joss 18,000. landing at 2 in the afternoon, and was 1760. LAWRENCE SHIRLEY, earl of Fer­ welcomed by the people with acclamation. aro, executed at Tyburn for the murder of 1821. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE died at St. his steward. He was a man of no mean Helena, in the 52d year of his age, and the May 5.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 181

6th of his exile, to the great relief of the plate, and the profits were to be eXp"nded British nation. He commenced in 1795 that in repairing the havens of the kingdom. nnparalelled career of military achieve­ 1631. ROBERT BRUCE COTTON, an emi­ ments, which eontinued to agitate Europe nant English antiquary, died. His writ. for 20 years, aud terminated with the bat­ ings are numerous and valuable, and he tle of Waterloo, 1815. did great se,"vice to learning by leaving his 1822. THOMAS TRUXTON, an American valuable library to the use of posterity, in naval officer, died. He distinguished hifn­ the British museum. self iu the revolutionary war, and also in 1643. Battle of Stratton, in which the the war with France of 1799, after which parliamentary army under the earl of Stam­ he retired from the navy, and died in Phil­ ford was attacked by the Cornish royalists, adelphia. who, although far inferior in numbers, 1827. FREDERICK AUGUSTUS I, king of gained a complete victory, taking the camp Saxony, died, aged 77; a wise and bene­ of the enemy, all their artillery, baggage yolent monarch, who devoted the energy and prOVisions, and many prisoners. of his mind to promote the welfare of his 1667. SAMUEL BOCHART, a learned Prench subjects. protestant divine, died. He was distin­ 1846. JOHN PICKERING, an eminent Amer­ guished as an oriental scholar, and died ican philologist, died at Boston, aged 60. while delivering an oration at the academy He commenced the praetice of the law, of Caen. and distinguished himself as a jurist; but 1673. The island of St. Helena retaken his reputation rests chiefly on his attain­ by the English. ments as a scholar, and on his literary and 1712. GARlEN DE SIF.UR DE SANDRAS scientific labors, whieh were of great service COURTLITZ, a Prench author, died. His to the cause of learning III this country. works were numerous, and some of them He published a vocabulary of American­ political, for which he was confined in the isms, and a Greek and English lexicon. bastile nine years. 1848. Opening of the national assembly 1739. KOULI KHAN, after pillaging the of Prance, after the abdication of Louis capital of Hindostan, and slaughtering Philippe. 150,000 of its inhabitants, departed from 1853. His other demands having been the city, leaving his son Mohammed Schah conceded, prine;; Menschikoff sent in an ul­ on the throne. timatum to the Turkish divan, demanding 1743. ANDREW MICHAEL RAMSAY, a Scot­ for the emperor" of Russia the protectorate tish historian and philosopher, died. He of the Greek church Christians in Turkey. spent much of his time in France, with 1853. A new planet was discovered at Penelon and Turenne, where he died. the observatory of Bilk, at Dusseldorf, by 1763. JOHN WILKES released from the Prof. Luther. tower by the mem')rable sentence of chief justice Pratt. (See April 30). MAY 6. 1766. SAMUEL SQUIRE, bishop of St. David's died; a poetical, historical and 356. B. C. MARClUS RUTILUS, the first antiquarian writer of note. dictator elected from the plebeians, entered 1766. Lord HOWE and Gen. HOWE ap­ Rome in triumph from his victories over p,ointed commissioners for restoring peace the Etrurians. to the British colonies. 1527. The imperialists under the duke 1766. THOMAS ARTHUR LALLY, an Irish of Bourbon, took Rome by assault and officer in the service of France, executed. plundered it. The duke was killed by a lIe fought against the British in the East musket ball. He had been disgraced at Indies with great bravery, but had become the French court, and was now in the ser­ so unpopular, that on being defeated he vice of Charles V of Germany. was imprisoned and condemned for trea­ 1540. JOHN LEWIS VIVES, a learned Span­ son. iard, died. He resided some time at the 1780. Port Moultrie, on Sullivan's is­ court of Henry VIII of England, where he land, surrendered to the British, who was imprisoned for opposing the divorce bombarded Charleston at the same time. of Catharine of Arragon. 1782. STEPHEN MIGNOL DE MONTIGNI died 1562. PAUL DE LA BARTHE, lord of Ther­ at Paris; eminent as a mechanic and a mes, a French general, died, aged 80. He man of science, who introduced ileveral was distinguished in the wars of his count­ useful manufactares into France. ry by several important victories. 1790. JOlIN JAMES GESNER died; profess­ 1569. The first English lottery, which or in the university at Zurich, and a noted commenced drawing on the 11th January Swiss author. (q. v.), and had been continued day and 1796. ADOLPHUS F. F. L. KNIGGE, a Ger­ night, finished on this day. It consisted of man anthor, died. His works were var­ 400,000 lots of lOs. each. The prizes were ious, and his novels once popular. He 182 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 6. was a member of the illuminati, and im­ 1853. The drawbridge of the New York plicated in some of the disputes relating and New Haven rail road having been care­ to that order. lessly left open at Norwalk, the cars were 1801. Action of Barcelona, between thrown into the water; forty-five persons British ship Speedy, 14 guns. 54 men, lord were killed, and many severely injured. Cochrane, and Spanish frigat~ El Gamo, 1856. An accident occurred on the Pan­ 32 guns 319 men. British loss, killed and ama rail road, recently put in operation, wounded 11, Spanish loss, 55. by which 43 persons were killed, and 60 1802. SAMUEL McDONALD died, aged 40. wounded. He served under the British with the 1856. WILLIAM HAMILTON. a distinguish­ Sutherland fencibles, and afterwards as ed Scottish metaphysician, died at Edin­ fugleman in the royals. He was six feet burgh, where he was professor of logic and ten inches in height, and his strength is metaphysics, and became more widely represented to have been prodigious. He known by his volume of Essays. continued active till his 35th year, when he began to decline, and died of water in the MAY 7. chest. 1811. Wn.LIAM BOSCAWEN, an English 431 B. c. The war which wasted the !,oet and miscellaneous writer, died. His Athenians for 27 years, commonly callcd translation of Horace is preferred by some the PeloponnesiaIf war, began May 7th. critics to that of Dr. Francis. 399 B. C. SOCRATES, the greatest of the 1814. Battle of Oswego. The town was ancient philosophers, died. He was put attacked the sccond time by the British, to death by the Athenians on a charge of 1,600 soldiers and sailors, and two com­ atheism, and corrupting the youth. panies of Glengarians, under Gen. Drum­ 973. OTHO (the great), emperor of Ger­ mond. The Americans, about 300, under many, died. He was an active and valiant Col. Mitchell, gallantly defended the place, prince, who made himself respected by till they were compelled to retreat before the powers of. Europe. an overwhelmingforce, after securing their 1253. RUBRUQUIUS (or Rnysbroeck) land­ stores. American loss, killed 6, wounded ed at Soldaia, on the Black sea, on his way 38, missinf{ 25 ; British, 94. to discover a Christian people, who were 1839. WILLIAM LENOIR, an officer of the said to inhabit the centre of Tartary. On revolution, died. He bore a dist:nguished this embassy he explored that country, part in the war in South Carolina, and was and though unsuccessful in the object of closely identified with the early history of his mission, he brought back a fund of the state. He held various civil offices, curious information, which after the lapse was a justice of the peace about 60 years, of centuries is still about the best picture and for many years a member of the state we possess of Tartar life. But few have legislature. He was distinguished for in­ been among them in their native wilds tegrity, firmness and patriotism. since then, and those who have, like Marco 1840. DEMETRIUS AUGUSTINE GALITZIN, Polo, John Bell and Timkowsky, confirm Son of prince de Galitzin, one of the first most of his details. nobility of Russia, died in poverty at Lo­ 1402. Battle of Nisbeth, between the retto, Pa., aged 70. He left the princely English and Scottish forces, in which 10,­ halls of his ancestors, and spent thirty 000 of the latter were slain. years in a rude log cabin in America, al­ 1588. Lord BURLEIGH, as chancellor of most denying himself the comforts of life, Cambridge, issued rules for reforming the that he might devote his days to religion, apparel and other "disorders" of the and assist the poor and distressed. Few scholars: "and that the excess of colored have left behind them such examples of shirtbands and ruffs, exceeding one inch charity and benevolence. and a half (saving for the sons of noble­ 1840. FRANCISCO PAULA DE SANTANDER, men), be avoided predently; and that no formerly president of the republic of New scholar do wear any long locks of hair Granada, died at Bogota, aged 48. When npon his head, but that he be polled after the revolution began to agitate the country the manner of the gravest scholars, under he embarked in the cause of independence, pain of 6s. 8d." and soon rose to distinction as an officer in 1621. JOHN GUILLIM died; rouge-croix the army. pursuivant at arms, and author of a cele­ 1844. Fearful rioting infhiladelphia be­ brated work called The Display of Hera?dry. tween the native Americans and Irish. 1621. JOHN SUCKLING, au English poet, 1848. Engagement between the Austrians died. He also signalized himself as a sol­ and Piedmontese before Verona; great loss dier under Gustavus Adolphus. on both sides. 1660. The king's statue was again set 1848. Gen. l<'OLQUE, a veteran officer, up in Guild hall, London, and the states died at Lisbon, Portugal, aged 102. arms taken down. May 7.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 183

1768. PATRICK DELANY died; an eminent practice of carrying poultry, vegetables, divine and theological writer of Ireland, &c., to market at Charlottesville, a di~ance hetter known now as the friend and cor­ of 8 miles, on foot, till within a few weeks respondent of Dean Swift. of her death. 1676. HENRY DE V AWlS (llenricus Vale­ 1838. THOMAS BRADFORD, the oldest sius) died; a French critic of great abilities ma~ter printer in America, died at Phila­ and learning. delphia, aged 94. He was the successor of 1776. The American army under Gen. Dr. Franklin as editor, and entered npon Thomas, on their retreat from hefore Que­ the business in 1763. During the revolu­ hec, took up their line of march at 1 in tionary war he was commissary-general to the morning, and reaehed Point de Cham­ the Pennsylvania division, and printer to bault. At Jaques Cartier they had hut one congress. He was long known as a dis­ hatteau to cross the army over with, and tinguished printer, editor and publisher. were fired upon during the whole time by 1840. A tremendous tornado passed over two frigates. the city of Natchez, very destructive to life 1777. CHARLES DE liROSSES, president of and property. Almost every building in the parliament of Burgundy, died. He is the CIty was more or less injured, many the author of several useful works. being utterly demolished. The amount of 1778. British took possession of Borden­ property destroyed was estimated at $1,­ town, N. J. 'fhey burnt 4 store-houses 500,000; and 317 persons were killed. and about 40 vessels. • 1840. THOMAS BARNES, principal editor 1794. ROBESPIERRE appeared before the of the Times newspaper, died in London, French convention as the Champion oj the aged 56. He was unquestionably the most Supreme Being! It was thought advisable accomplished and powerful political writer to found a religion, and it was necessary of the day, and particularly excelled in first to enact a supreme being, for God had the portraiture of public men. been abolished by a decree oj the convention. 1842. The island of Hayti destroyed by The tyrant made an eloquent speech, and an earthquake. Not a single town escaped concluded by declaring the real temple of without some casualty. Thousands of lives the supreme being to be the universe; his were lost, and property to an incalculable worship, virtue; his festivals the joy of a extent was destroyed. Cape Haytien was great nation. His propositions were car­ entirely leveled with the ground, Rnd of ried by acclamation, and a solemn festival 12,000 inhabitants, one half were buried proclaimed, which under the arrangement under the ruins, and of those which es­ of David, the painter, was a magnificent caped, a great part perished by fire and affair. other disasters which followed. Bands of 1795. ANTHONY QUENTIN FOUQUIER TIN­ armed negroes came in the next day to VILLE, a notorious French revolutionist, plunder, and stabbed and shot the wound­ guillotined. As public accuser, he caused ed wherever they found them, for the the death of ,immense numbers, of all ages jewels and clothing they wore. and either sex. 1844. It was discovered that all the 1796. BONAPARTE and the army of the watches on board the British schooner French republic crossed. the Po at Pla­ Henry Curwen, and the chronometer, had cenza. stopped, and on referring to the three 1800. NICHOLAS PICCINI, an eminent mu­ compasses on board, they were found to sical composer, died at Naples. point di1lerent ways, and were entirely 1811. RICHARD CUMBERLAND died; emi­ useless. In about two hours afterward the nent as a British poet, essayist, novelist watches and chronometer recommenced and dramatic writer. The number of his going, and the compasses resumed their works is very extraordinary, as was also position. This occurred in 44° north, and his vanity. 32° 35' long., at 4 A. M. 1825. JOlIN GABRIEL CHASTELER, gover­ 1848. The Polish insurgents surrendered nor of Venice, died. He was a Spanish to the Prussian troops, after great slaughter, grandee of the first rank, entered the Aus­ at Posen. trian service, and distinguished himself in 1848. Insurrection at Madrid, when several engagements with the French. He many lives were lost. possessed a chivalrous and cultivatedmind, 1848. The Indians, who were in a state and spoke 12 languages. of insurrection in Yucatan Rgainst the 1830. heaty between the United States Spanish population, entered the town of and 'l'urkey signed at Constantinople" se­ Marie, and butchered 200 of the in­ curing to the United States the free naviga­ habitants, besides cOll!lllitting other out­ tion of the Black sea, and the trade of the rages. Turkish empire. 1849. Gen. WORTH died at San Antonio 1838. :MARY SPROUSE died in Albemarle de Bexar of cholera. county. Va., aged 99. She was in the 1849. MACREADY. the English tragedian, 184 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 7. hissed from the stage of the Astor opera and afterwards its governor. He joined house in New York. the fleet sent over by Cromwell to attack 1852. JAMES SAVAGE, a distinguished St. Domingo, the only place of st.rengt.h London architect, died, aged 74. The which the Spania.rds had in Hispaniola, Gentleman's Magazine contains a long list and died at sea, aged 60. His marriage of the bridges and churches which attest was the first that was celebrated in the co­ his reputation and skill. lony. 1854. The gallery of the Catholic church 1657. CIlOMWELL refused the title of at Erie, Pa., fell, crushing the people be­ king of England. low, and killing and wounding several 1659. A remnant of the long parliament persons. assembled during thEl anarchy, and has been termed the ,·ump. 1662. PETER HEYLIN, an English his­ MAY 8. torian; died. He was an able and inde­ fatigable writer, principally known by his 685. Pope BENEDICT II died. Descriptofl of the great World, and History 1360. The treaty called the great peace of the Reformation. signed at Bretigni, by which Edward III 1676. Bridgewater, M!!ss., invaded by renounced all his elaims to the French the Indian enemy, and 17 buildings laid in crown and its territories. ashes. 1429. The siege of Orleans was aban­ 1703. VINCE:'!]" ALSOP died; a presby­ doned. At dawn, the English army was terian clergyman, who attacked Dr. Sher­ discovered at a small distance from the 10Jk with great wit and some serionsness. walls, drawn up in battle array, altd brav­ 1725. Capt. JOHN LOVEWELL, with a party ing the enemy to fight in the open field. of 36 men, encouraged by his former suc­ After waiting for some hours, the signal cess against the Indians (see Feb. 2(1), un­ was given; the long line of forts, the fruit dertook an expedition against Pigwacket, of 7 months' labor, was instantly in flames on Saco' river, was ambuscaded, and him­ and the soldiers, with mingled feelings of self and a great part of his men killed. shame and regret, t.urned their backs to They made a brave resistance, determined the enemy. This was one of the inex­ to die rather than yield, and by their well plicable feats of Joan d'Arc. directed fire thinned the number of the 1493. FERDINAND a!ld ISABELLA confirmed, savages so that their cries became fainter, at Barcelona, the appointment of Colum­ and they finally left the field, carrying off bus, on his return from the new world. their dead. "The office of admiral of the said ocean, 1729. WILLIAM KING, archbishop of Dub­ which is ours, commences by a line, which lin, died; author of a celebrated treatise we have ordered to l,e marked, passing on the origin of evil. from the Azores t.o tbe cape de Verd is­ 1744. GILES JACOB died; an English law lands, from the north to the south, from writer, biographer, and lexicographer. pole to p.)le; so that all which is beyond 1758. BJ>KJ>DICT XIV (Prosper Lamber­ the aforesaid line to the west is ours, and tini), pope, died. His character was that belongs to us; and of all this we create our of a learned, liberal-minded and bene­ admiral, you and your children." volent man. His works fill 16 vols. folio. 1532. FRAKCIS ALVAREZ PAEZ died; a 1775. The great tunnel at Norwood hill, Portuguese divine of the order of the Cor­ through which the Chesterfield and Trent deliers, and an author. canal was to pass, was opened; its length 1535. HENRY VIII of England had his nearly Iii miles. head shaved, and commanded all about his 1779. CHARLES HARDY, an English ad­ court to follow his example. miral, died. He was two years governor 1538. EDWARD Fox, an English prelate of New York, and was appointed com­ and statesman, died. He was the principal mander in chief of the western squadron, pillar of the reformation in EDgland. 1779. 1572. Dame DOROTHY P ACKIKGTON sent 1782. SEBASTIAN JOSEPH CARVALLO DE the trusty and well beloved Thos. Lich­ POMBAL, a PortuguH,e statesman, died. He field and George Borden to be her burgess displaycd great wisdom and abilities in the in parliament, informing the queen that offices to which he was promotHd; and whatever they might do in her service in ullder his muuificence and patriotism the parliament should receive her (Dorothy's) city of Lisbon rose from her ruins by the approval. earthquake, in new splendor and increased 1638. COR:i'ELIVS J AKSENIUS died; foun­ magnilicence. der of the Jansenists, who gave the pope 1793. Battle of Vicogne, the French de~ and the Jesnits much trouble in Europe. featcd by the Austrians under Clairfait, 1655. EDWAliD WI:iSLOW ditd; one of after an obstinate action and great carnage. the first settlers of Plymouth eolony, Mass., 1793. JAS. RIDGWAY and H. D. SYMOKDS, May 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 185 booksellers in London, severely fined and troops, consisting of 20,000 infantry and sentenced to 4 years imprisonment for sell- 10,000 artillery and cavalry.

ing the books of Thomas Payne. < 1853. JOHN FARRAR, a distinguished 1794. ANTHONY LAWRENCE LAVOISIER, a American mathematician, died, aged 54. French chemist, guillotined. His philo

1816. The United States ship Washing­ of the British, 1775. < ton, 74 guns, put to sea, being the first 1657. A secret treaty signed at Paris be­ American ship of the line afloat. tween Louis XIV and Cromwell, for" the 1822. JOHN STARK, a major general in ruin and destruction of the proud and the revolutionary army, died, aged 93. By tyrannical monarchy of Spain." his skill and intrepidity the first step was 1760. NICHOLAS LEWIS ZINZENDORF, a achieved towards the capture of Burgoyne,' German count, died; founder of the sect by the defeat of colonel Baum in the battle of Moravians, or Hernhutters. of Bennington. 1767. CASSINI observe

1775. CAROLINA MATILDA, the divorced nians under the pasha of Scodra defeated queen of Denmark, died at Zell, aged 24 : by the Turks under the grand vizier. youngest sister of George III. 1837. All the banks in the city of New 1779. Portsmouth and Norfolk, Va., York without exception, and by common taken by the British, and many vessels, consent, stop specie payments. The banks stores and houses destroyed. throughout the Union adopted the same 1781. J,ord RAWDON evacuated Camden, course. after destroying the public and private 1848. A very destructive fire occurred in houses, and much of his own baggage. Detroit, Michigan. The houses were of 1784. ANTHONY COURT DE GEBELIN, a wcrod principally on leased land. French writer, died; celebrated as the au­ 1849. The city of Leghorn taken by the thor of The Primitive World compared with Tuscan troops. tlte Modern, a work which the French 1849. Astor house opera riot in the city academy were so well satisfied with that of New York. they twice decreed him the annual prize of 1853. ASHBEL STRONG NORTON, an Amer­ 1,200 Iivres for the best work. ican preacher, died, aged 87. He was born 1790. 'l'he GabeUe Tax in France was in Farmington, Ct., graduated at Yale col­ abolished. This was a duty lin salt capri­ lege in 1790; filled the pastoral office at cious and unequal in ,its operation, which Clinton, N. Y., with distinguished useful­ notwithstanding had continued since the ness and success forty years, during which beginning of the 14th century. he was largely concerned in laying the 1793. CLAIRF AIT attacked and carried foundations of social and religious institu­ the wood of Hasnon; the slaughter of the tions in central New York. French was great. 1853. The pope prohibited the circula­ 1794. Battle of Tournay and defeat of tio~ of Uncle Tom's Cabin, an American the French ·by the British and Austrians novel, in his dominions. under the duke of York. 1855. A mob of armed men destroyed 1794. ELIZABETH of France, sister of the Birch creek reservoir, in Clay county, Louis XVI, guillotine,l. Indiana, connected with the Wabash and 1796. Battle of Lodi, in which Bonaparte Erie canal. gained an important victory over the Aus· trians, under the veteran general Beaulieu. The long narrow bridge which led to the MAY 11. city, was defended by 30 pieces of cannon. The French generals put themselves at the 1491 B. c. The Egyptians under Pha­ head of 3000 grenadiers, and in the face raoh drowned in the Red sea. of a murderous fire crossed the bridge over 1153. DAVID I, of Scotland, died. He the dead bodies of their comradBS, who was earl of Northumberland and Hunt­ were mowed down by huudreds, and took ington, 'and married the daughter of the possession of the Austrian batteries. The king of England, for whom he claimed the loss was about 3,000 men on each side. throne on the death of her father. He This was one of the most striking military was a mild and popular king. achievements of Bonaparte. It was on this 1310. JAMES DE MOLAl, grand master, occasion that he received the title of the and 54 knights of the temple, publicly little corporal. burned at Paris, under the decree of an 1796. The Babeuf conspiracy was dis­ archiepiscopal counell. They were con­ covered by the council of 500 in Paris. demned on confessions of Islamism and 'Babeuf and Darthe, the principal leaders paganism, extorted by the rack, and after­ were secured and executed, which com­ wards retracted. pletely crushed the Jacobin power. 1537. A terrible and destructive ernption 1809. The Swedish diet renounced all of Mount lEtna. allegiance to Gustavus IV, and deprived 1553. Three vessels sailed from England, him and his heirs of the crown. under Sir Hugh Willoughby, to explore 1811. French evacuated Almeida, after the northern seas. By this voyage an in­ destroying everything, and the next day let was discovered to the White sea and they abandoned Portugal entirely. the bay of Archangel, and an almost ex­ 1824. JOHN GUTHRIE, the celebrated clusive commerce established with Russia Edinburgh bookseller of the firm of Guth­ in that quarter. rie & Jait, died. Like Benjamin Franklin 1554. FRANCISCO DE ORELLANA sailed he wheeled home his own purchases. from St. Lucar, in Spain, with 4 ships and 1831. JOHN TRUMRULL, an American poet, 400 men, for the purpose of exploring the died. He was for many years judge of a river Amazon. He forced his way up court in Connecticut, and is known as the about 120 leagues, and meeting with dis­ author of the popular poem, McFingal. asters by which he lost his ships and the 1831. Battle of Terlepe j 20,000 Alba- greater part of his men, he turned about 188 EVERY DAYBOOK. [May 11. and died on his way back. " Orellana colony, and was the first Australian period­ was very warmly received by armed swift­ ical. footed females, which originated the fanci­ 1838. ANDREW THOMAS KNIGHT died. ful name Amazonia." His horticulturalwritings were exceedingly 1676. 'I'he Indians assaulted the town beneficial, as well to the gardenersas farm­ of Plymouth, Mass., and burned 11 houses ers. and 5. barns; and two days after they 1839. THOMAS CooPER,president of South burned 7 houses and 2 barns, and the re­ Carolina college, died, aged 80. He wrote maining houses in Namasket. on law, medical jurisprudence and politi­ 1686. O'fHO GUERICKE, a Prussian phi­ cal economy, and translated Justinian and losopher, died. He was the most celebrated Broussais. mathematician of his time, and invented 1844. STEPHEN WOOD, died at Miami, the air pump. Ohio, aged 82. He was the last survivor 1690. Charlemont, in Ireland, taken by of those who were associated with John the English. Cleves Symmes in the settlement of North 1696. The Reformed Dutch church at Bend. New York incOl'porated. 1848. An expedition under Sir James 1723. JEAN GUALBERT DE CAMPISTRON, a Ross, sailed for the Arctic regions, in search French poet, died. He is thought to be of Sir John Franklin. little inferior to Racine in the merit of his 1853. PETER HITCllCOCK, an eminent dramatic compositions. civilian, died at Painesville, Ohio, aged 1743. Several tons of leaden pipe were 70. He was a member of the Ohio senate, dug up in Fleet street, London, laid down and of the house of representatives at 300 years before. \Vashingtou; also for twenty-five years a 1749. CATHARINE COCliBURN, an English judge of the snpreme court of Ohio. plletress, died. She produced the tragedy 1854. The packet Pike, from St Lonis of Agnes de Castro in her 17th year, which to Louisville, struck a snag, and sank in a was followed by several others. She pos­ few minutes, by which about fifty passeng­ sessed also a great and philosophic mind, ers lost their lives. and wrote an able defence of Locke. 1854. J. DELIUS, of Bremen, assistant 1776. At an action near Charleston, S. professor of English literature at Berlin, C., between count Pulaski and the British, fell into the crater of Vesuvius, and per­ Major Huger of the American army was ished there. killed by mistake. 1778. WILI,JAM PITT, earl of Chatham, MAY]2. a most illustrious English statesman, died. He was the friend of liberty and justice, 48 B. c. Battle of Pharsalia, between and eloquent in their cause. Cresar and Pompey, in which the latter 1781. Orangeburgh surrendered to the was defeated, and escaped on foot. This American Gen. Sumpter; prisoners taken, battl8 forms an important era in the his­ 82. tory of the world. 1782. RICHARD WILSON died; an English 824. PASCHAL I, pope, died; distingnish­ landscape painter of great merit. ed for his benevolence and toleration. 1799. PHILIP NICHOLAS PIA, a French 1264. Battle of Lewes and defeat of chemist, died. He was sheriff of Paris, Henry III by Leicester. 1770, and employed his leisure in: objects 1294. EDWARD I of England met at Nor­ of benevolence, till the revolution over­ ham the states of Scotland, when they ac­ whelmed him. knowledged his sovereignty, and engaged: 1807. Action in the Dardanelles, be­ to deliver up to him their castles. tween the Russian and Turkish fleets; 3 1430. The famous JOAN OF ARC, or maid ofthe latter stranded. of Orleans, pretended to be sent from God 1810. Hastalrick, in Catalonia, evacuated to save the kingdom of France. for want of provisions; the garrison cut 1539. FERDINAND DE SOTO sailed from their way through the French troops. Havana with ten ships for the conquest of 1813. SPENCER PERCEVAL, prime minister Florida. of Great Britain, shot in the lobby of the 1618. The Calvinists of Bohemia entered house of commons. the castle of Prague, cast the leading mem­ 1814. ROBERT TREAT PAINE, one of the bers of the conncil from the windows, and signers, died. He was a distinguished took possession of the capital. lawyer, of learning and integrity, member 1621. The first marriage in the colony of the first congress, and judge of the su­ at Plymouth took place, between Edward preme court of Massachusetts. Winslow and Susanna White. 1821. GEORGE HOWE, editor of the Syd­ 1641. THOMAS WEKTWORTH, an English ney Gazette, died. His paper commenced statesman under Charles I, beheaded on a in March, 1803, in the 15th year of the false charge of treason. The king was May 12.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 189 compelled by the clamors of the populace assault, and the French under Soult were to ord~r his execution. compelled to retreat to Amarante. 1663. The books of the London station­ 1809. Alcantara, in Spain, taken by a ers company record the names of 59 per­ division of the French under Victor, to­ sons exercising the trade as master printers. gether with the British garrison. 1690. JOHN RUSHWORTH, an English 1848. ALRXANDER BARING, lord Ashbur­ writer, died in the king's bench prison, ton, died in England, aged 78. He passed where he had been confined 6 years; au­ much of his youth in America, and was thor of Historical Colwctions, in 7 vols. folio. British embassador at Washington, to settle 1763. JOHN JACKSON died; an English the Maine boundary in 1842. He acquired divine and historian, author of Chronologi­ great wealth, and was a highly accom­ cal Antiquities. plishcd man. 1763. JOHN BELL, the distinguished an­ 1848. Posen incorporated with Germany, atomist ofScotland, was born at Edinburgh. and the insurgent Poles disarnled.-Vio­ 1771. CHRISTOPHER SMART, an English lent earthquake at Sienna, Italy. poet and miscellaneous writer, died; known 1849. A crevasse was made in the levee by a popular translation of Horace. By above New Orleans flooding much of the some authorities his death is placed in 1770. city. . 1780. Charleston, S. C., surrendered 1854. The British ship Tiger, 16 guns, to the British; 2,500 prisoners and 400 was captured near Odessa by the Russians, cannon fell into the hands of the enemy. with 226 prisoners. 1781. Fort Motte surrendered by the 1855. 'D. J. MCCORD, an American law­ British to the American generals Marion yer, died at Columbia, S. C. He published and Lee. law reports, and edited the Statutes at 1785. Mr. MCGUIRE having ascended Large, on the death of Dr. Cooper, to from Dublin in a baloon, was carried with whom the work was first entrusted. great velocity towards the sea, into which he descended, and was taken up nearly MAY 13. lifeless. 1791. FRANCIS GROSE died; author of the 432. B. C. METON, the Athenian astrono­ Classual Dictionary Of the Vulgar Tongue, a mer, began his famous lunar cycle of 19 complete collection of British technicals, years (then marked by successive letters in vulgarisms, and billingsgate used by gam­ gold, which are now called the golden blers, ostlers, servants, fishwomen, &c., numbers), with the new moon nearest to which, though not very popular, or credit­ the summer solstice falling upon the 16th able to him, is yet quite a curiosity. He of Scirophion. produced some other works of great 48 B. c. POMPEY, in passing through the merit, which mark him a profound anti­ Archipelago, stopt at Mitylene to receive quary. his wife, the exemplary Cornelia, and there 1795. EZRA STILES, president of Yale conversed with Cratippus, the philosopher, college, died. He was eminent as a divine, on the nature ofprovidmce. and an indefatigable scholar. His publ,i­ 1213. King JOHN received Pandulph, the cations were few, but he left 40 vols. in pope's legate, in whose presence he sub­ manuscript. scribed an instrument by which the sen­ 1796. The French under Bonaparte de­ tences of interdict, excommunication and feated the Austriaus with great slaughter, deposition were revoked, conditionallythat who were compelled to abandon their guns he reversed all his formeracts of oppression. and baggage, and take refuge under the 1520. Massacre of the Mexicans by Al­ cannon of Mantua. varado, during the absence of Cortez. This 1797. BONA.PARTE took possession of happened on the great festival of their Venice, boasting an independence of four­ god Huitzilopochtli, in the month Toxcatl, teen centuries. the emperor being then a prisoner of the 1798. SIDNEY SMITH escaped from France Spaniards in his palace, and the principal after two years imprisonment. nobles gathered there for the dance, when 1809. Vienna capitulated to the French, the Spaniards fell upon them with the ut­ and Napoleon established his head quarters most fury. The victims were unable to in the imperial palace of Schoenbrunn. The defend themselves or escape by flight, and emperor had already quitted it, with' all the slaughter was terrible. An insurrec­ his family except his daughter the arch­ tion immediately followed, and the quart­ duchess Maria Louisa, afterwards wife of ers of the Spaniards werl\ assaulted with Napoleon, who was confined to her cham­ such determined energy that they were ber bysickness-on learning which, Bona­ compelled to hasten the return of Cortez, parte ordered that there should be no fir­ and led to the disaster of the 1stJuly (q. v.) ing in that direction. 1539. A bill brought into the English 1809. Lord WELLINGTON took Oporto by parliament vesting in the crown all the 190 EVERY DAY' BOOK. [May 13. property of the monastic institutions. 1734. .JAMES THORNHII,L, an eminent This was followed by the fall of 644 mon­ English historical painter, died. asteries, 90 colleges, 2,374 chantries, and 1736. The foundation of the Ratcliffe llO hospitals. The revenue of these estab­ library laid llt Oxford, England. lishments amounted to £161,000. 1781. ROGER BYRNE, the Irish giant, 1568. Battle ofLangside hill, Mary queen was buried. He weighed with his coffin of Scots defeated by the regent Murray, 5781bs., and died of no other disease than and fied to England. suffocation occasioned by a superabund­ 1607. Jamestown, Virginia, settled. ance of fat, which stopped the play of his Three small ships, with 105 persons in­ lungs, and put a period to his life in the tended to form a settlement, under Sir 54th year of his age. His height, it is be­ Christopher Newport, took possession of a lieved, was nearly 8 feet. peninsula in Powhatan river, and gave it 1760. A copy of Tendall's testament the name of Jamestown. Though they had sold at Oxford for 20 guineas, supposed to to strive against appalling difficulties, and be the only copy of that edition unburned were several times on the verge of losing by Tonstall. '1'his book occasioned some or abandoning the enterprise, they were prelates to say that they must root out ~ltimately established, mainly through printing or printing would root out them. the great exertions and talents of Capt. 1783. Society of Cincinnati established; John Smith, one of the most remarkable originated by Gen. Knox, and composed persons connected with the early history exclusively of officers who had served in of the country, and indeed one of the most the regular army during the revolutionary remarkable of an age prolific of memorable war. men. Jamestown was for a long time the 1790. Action in the port of Revel, be­ capital of the state, but has sunk into ruin, tween the Swedish fieet of 23 ships and and is almost desolate. Two or three old 18 frigates, and the Russian fleet of II sail houses, the ruins of an old steeple, a and 5 frigates, protected by several batter­ churchyard, and faint marks of the rude ies and fortifications. A furious storm fortifications, are the only memorials of raged at the time, which destroyed two its former importance. Swedish ships. 1614. MARGUARD FREHER died. His . 1799. BARTHOLOMEW MERCIER, abbot of books on law, criticism and history are St. Leger, died; a learned French anthor numerous and respectable. and a worthy man, whom the revolution 1619. JOHN V AN OI,DENBARNEVELDT, a reduced to poverty and wretchedness. Dutch statesman, beheaded. Zeal for his 1806. Broome county in the state of New country led him to oppose the arbitrary York erected. measures of the stadtholder, for which he 1814. Madam MURAT surrendered the was accused of treason and condemned at fleet and arsenal at Naples, and Ferdinand the age of 72. (See April 14.) returned to his capital. 1625. CHARLES 1 issued a proclamation 1814. llritish cannonaded and bombard­ for ., settling the plantation of Virgin~a." ed the town of Charlotte at the mouth of The colony was reduced under the imme­ Genesee river. Itwas successfully defended diate direction of the crown, and the com­ by Gen. Peter B. Porter, with i50 volun­ mission to the new governor and council teers aud 350 militia.. was accompanied with arbitrary instruc­ 1816. Treaty between the United States tions. "The commerce of the colony was and the Sac Indians of Rock ri'ver. restrained, and the persons of the colo­ 1825. CHARLES WHITWORTH, an English nists enslaved." earl, died; employed by the government 1649. WILLIAM CHAPPEL, bishop of Cork, as ambassador to different courts of Eu­ died. His works have been translated in­ rope-a man of much private worth and to English. To him is ascribed, among unquestioned talent. others, the authorship of the Whole Duty 1832. GEORGE LEOPOLD CUVIER, the of Man. French naturalist, died. His grand work, 1704. LOUIS BOURDALOUE died; esteemed the Animal Kingdom, forms an imperishable the best preacher that France ever pro­ monument of his genius. duced. 1835. ELIZABETH COOK, widow of Capt. 1728. Counsellor HAGEN, formerly se­ James Cook, the circumnavigator, died cretary to the famous baron Gortz, shot near London, aged 94. She survived her himself through the head. He left a let­ husband 55 years, and was highly esteem­ ter to king George II, and a paper stating ed for her virtues. "I am quite weary of eating and drinking, 1835. JOHN NASH, the architect of Re­ of shunning my creditors, weary of being gent street, Buckingham palace, &c., Lon­ burthensome to my friends, weary of being don, died. vexatious to my enemies, and lastly tired 1836. Sir CHARLES VVILKI;!!S, an eminent with myself." oriental scholar, died. May 13.) EVERY DAY BOOK. 191

1838. ZACHARY MACAULEY, a distin­ flag being struck, after which they were gnished philanthropist, died at London, permitted to proceed I aged 70. He edited the Christian Observer 1667. JOAN HENRY URSINUS died; a from 1802 to 1816, with ability, and for L>~theran divine, eminent for his learning more than 40 years dedicated his eminent in sacred and profane history. talents and active energies in conjunction 1692. Sir WILLIAM PHIPS arrived at Bos­ with other distinguished m@ to the aboli­ ton with the new eharter by William and tion of African slave trade. Mary, where he was received with great 1839. JOSEPH FRESCH, archbishop of pomp, and conducted by the military, Lyons, died. He was the uncle of Bona­ magistrates, ministers, and principal men parte, and after the fall of the emperor of the country to the town-house, where resided at Rome in the enjoyment of im­ the charter was published. This charter mense wealth, and one of the first picture included the whole of old Massachusetts, galleries in that city. Plymouth colony, the provinces of Maine 1841. The American Bible Society cele­ and Nova Scotia, the islands of Elizabeth, brated its 25th anniversary at New York. Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, as the The whole amount of receipts during the province of Massachusetts, of which Phips year preceding, was $118,860'41; the num­ was appointed governor. bcr of Bibles and testaments published and 1731. A final settlementwas made of the circulated throngh the efforts of the society boundary line between New York and Con­ since its organization, three millions. necticut; 60,000 acres called the Oblong 1849. A revolution at Carlsruhe, and the being ceded to New York in exchange for grand duke of Baden fled. lanns near the sound. 1852. GEORGE DOLLAND, an English as­ 1761. THOMAS SIMPSON, an eminent Eng­ tronomer and optician, died, aged 78. His lish mathematician, died. He was a weaver father and grandfather followed the same in the lowest circumstances, who raised pursuits. He is the author of the .I1tmo­ himself to distinction by close application spheric Recorder. to science. 1780. PETER MONTAN LE BERTON died; MAY 14. an eminent French musician, and manager of the operas at Paris. 1097. The siege of Nice, the Turkish 1781. Lieut. col. CIIRISTOPHER GREENE capital of Soliman, sultan of Roum, opened (the'conqueror of count Donop) and major by the French crusaders, whose camps FLAG, surprised and murdered at Croton formed an imperfeet circle of more than 6 river, by a party of refugees. miles. 1785. Canal opened between the Baltic 1501. AMERIGO VESPUCCI sailed with and North seas. three ships furnished him by Emanuel of 1796. Vaccination for cowpox first ap­ Portugal. This was his third voyage, plied by Dr. Jenner. which he extended as far as Patagonia. 1796. BONAPARTE made his public entry 1602. BARTHOLOMEW GOSNOLD, after a into Milan under a triumphal arch. passage of 7 weeks direct west from Eng­ 1798. DAVID RUHNKENIUS died; profes­ land, discovered land on the American sor of belles-lettres and history, and libra­ coast, and fell in with a shallop with sails rian in the university at Leyden, and a and oars, manned by Indians, with whom learned and able critic. they had friendly intercourse. They are 1805. ROBERT BISSET died; a Scottish represented as naked, "save neere their historian, biographer, and novelist. wastes seale skins tyed fast like to Irish 1810. Lerida, in Spain, surrendered to dimmi trouses ;" and the chief wore a few the French general Suchet, who found things of European fabric, described the large quantities of stores. Same day, Ca­ coast with a piece of chalk, and "spake talonians defeated the French, whose loss diverse Christian words." Their vessel is is stated at 45,000, and that of the Catalo­ supposedto have belonged to some wrecked niana 25,000. fishermen of Biscay. 1814. British fleet on lake Champlain 1610. HENRY IV of France assassinated commenced a heavy cannonade on the by Ravaillac. Above 50 historians and 5CO American batteries under colonel Davis, at panegyrists, poets and orators, have spoken the mouth of Otter creek. The British in his praise; but the Henriade of Voltaire were compelled to retreat. is the most likely to immortalize him. 1814. Freneh defeated at Madrid by lord 1652. British commodore YOUNG fell in Wellington. with a Dutch convoy, and demanded that 1814. Spanish squadron belonging to according to an act of king John (A. n. Monte Video, defeated by the Buenos' 1200) they should strike their flag to the Ayrean sqnadron nnder colJ.l. Brown. British flag. This being refused, a severe 1820. HENRY GRATTAN, an Irish states­ action ensued, WhICh ended in the Dutch man, died. He warmly espoused the in- 192 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 14. terests of his country, and many import­ 1679. The Ashmolean museum, at Ox­ ant measures were effected by his elo­ ford, England, founded for the purpose of quence. receiving the antiquary's "twelve cartloads 1826. State prison at Sing Sing, New of rarities." York, commenced. 1716. JOHN BAGFORD, an English anti­ quary, died. He was originally a shoe­ MAY 15. maker, became a bookseller, and an ama­ teur of old English books and curious 164 D. c. The .Jews, upon the 15th Sivan, prints, with which he enriched several celebrate a feast for the victory of Judas famous lihraries. Maccabrous over the people of Bethsan, or 1719. FRANCISMAI,AVALdicd; a French­ Scythopolis. man, who, although he lost his sight when 67. VESPASIAN invested Jotopata, in Ga­ 9 months old, acquired celebrity as a mys­ lilee, defended by Josephus, the historian, tical writer on quietism. a very interestmg siege as it respects the 1737. ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, a Scot­ latter. tish historian, died. He wrote a valuable 392. V ALENTINIAN, emperor of Rome, History of Great Britain in Latin, which strangled at Vienne, in Milan, by order of remained in manuscript till 1787, when it Arbogastcs, his rebellious general. was translated by Thompson, and pub­ 1213. King JOHN, oppressed with guilt lished in 2 vols. quarto. and despair, resigned the kingdoms of 1740. EPHRAIM CHAMBERS, an English England and Ireland to the pope, to be encyclopedist, died. He was apprenticed held of him and of the Roman church in to a globemaker, and during his minority fee, by the annual rent of 1,000 marks. projected his Dictionary of the .I1rts and 1464. Battle of Hexham, on the banks of Sciences, which appeared in 1728 in 2 vols. the Dilswater, and defeat of the Lancas­ folio. It was extended by Dr. Rees to 45 trians under the duke of Somerset, by Ed­ vols. quarto. ward IV. The fate of the royal family af­ 1747. British fleet under Anson captured ter this defeat was extremely singular and 1 French ship of 74 guns, 5 of 64, 4 of 60, distressing. 1 of 50, and 20 merchantmen. 1494. COLUMBUS discovered a great num­ 1766. JOHN ASTRUC, a French physician, ber of small islands in the West Indies, died; author of several useful and curious which he called the Queen's Garden. These works. were in his opinion the 5,000 islands which 1772. ANTONY FRANCIS RICCOBONI died; Marco Polo and Mandeville descrihed as an Italian actor, author of .I1rt du Theatre, the boundary of India. a work of great merit. 1548. The emperor CHARLES V laid be­ 1773. ALBAN BUTLER died; director of fore the diet of Augsburg a rule 0/ faith, the English college of St. Omer's, and au­ which he compelled them to acquiesce in, thor of the Lives 0/ the Fathers, Saints and notwithstanding that it was disapproved by Martyrs, with valuable notes. both protestants and papists. 1775. Congress resolved to issue paper 1567. Marriage of Mary, queen of Scots, money. and the earl of Bothwell. 1776. American fort at the Cedars, 43 1571. Moscow burnt by the Tartars, who miles above }1ontreal, surrendered by maj. had surrounded the city, and set it on fire Butterfield, with 390 men, to capt. Foster, at all points. The entire city was burnt with 650 British and Indians. (See May down, and upwards of 200,000 of the in­ 20,27.) habitants perished in the flames. 1781. Fort Granby surrendered by the 1602. BARTHOLOMEW GOSNOLD, in search British to col. Lee. of a suitable place to settle a plantation, 1789. The number of emigrants which discovered a head land in 42 deg., where had passed through Muskingum to settle he came to anchor; and taking a great in Kentucky since the fird of Aug., 1786, number of cod at this place, they called it (not including those who passed in the cape Cod, which name it still retains. night unnoticed) was 19,882. These were 1618. The celebrated KEPLER discovered accompanied by 8,884 horses, 2,297 cattle, his canon for the periodical motion of the 1,920 sheep, '627 wagons, and 1,067 boats. planets. 1800. JAMES MALLET DU PAN died in 1645. Battle of Alderne, in which the England, where he took refuge from the earl of Montrose defeated the Scots under revolutionary mania of France. He was a Urrey with great slaughter. literary and political writer, distinguished 1664. The Dutch governor surrendered by the extent of his knowledge and vigor the island of Cayenne to the French, 'by of style, as well as probity and independ­ treaty. ence of character. 1674. Besangon, an ancient city of 1800. BONAPARTE crossed the mount St. France, taken by Louis XIV. Bernard. Each man, says sir Walter Scott, May 15.J EVERY DAY BOOK. 193 carried from sixty to eighty pounds, up icy 1855. A destructive tornado swept over precipices, where a man totally without a portion of Lapeer county, Michigan. encumbrance could ascend but slowly. Probably no troops but the French could have endured the fatigue of such a march; MAY' 16. and no other general than Bonaparte would have ventured to require it at their 1277. JOHN XXI, pope, killed by the fall hands. of a building. He was a Portuguese, and 1802. The Portuguese frigate Cine cap­ wrote on philosophy, medicine, &c. tured by the Algerines, after a smart action. 1525. rHOMAS MUNZER, a Slloxon divine, The crew having ran below, the officers executed. In conjunction with Stork, he were all cut to pieces. pulled down all the images in the churches 1814. The British plundered Poultney­ which Luther had left standing, and final­ ville, on lake Ontario. They were driven ly at the head of 40,000 men, commenced off by general Swift. leveler of all ranks and distinctions, as 1817. DAVIn IRVING died at Philadelphia. usurpations on the rights of mankind. He He was taken prisoner on board the United was at length defeated in battle, when States frigate Philadelphia at Tripoli and 7,000 of his followers were slain and him­ imprisoned there t,jvo years. self captured. 1821. JOHN W AJ-J- CAJ-WO'rT died; an 1568. MARY, queen of Scots, crossed English musical composer, and author of the frith of Solway, the irremeable stream, a Musi£al Grammar. and landed in England. 1821. .JOHN BONNYCASTJ-E died; an Eng­ 1681. Female dancers first introduced on lish mathematician, whose works are in the Parisian stage, in a court opera, cltlled use in this country. He contributed the Le T"iumphe d~ I'.I1mour. mathematical articles for Ree8's Cyclo­ 1691. LEISLER and MILBOURNE hung as pedia. the cause of the Schenectady massacre. 1830. An extensive shower of red dust 1710. THOMAS SMITH died; a learned extending over Italy, Malta, Sicily, Sar­ English writer on the mltnners and religion dinia, &c., observed by Dr. John Davy. of the Tnrks, &c. 1833. EDMUND KEAN, a celebrated Eng­ 1725. PAUL DE RAPIN DE THOYRAS, an lish tragedian, died. It is ascertained that eminent French historical writer, died. He the total sum which he received for acting served in the English army, and devoted from 1814, was £177,000, averaging nearly 17 years to a History uf England, which $40,000 per annum for 19 years; yet he was published in 10 vols. quarto. died poor. 1747. M. BU~'FON, the celebrated natural­ 1836. '1'he village of Roanoke, on the ist, communicated to the Acltdemy of sci­ Chatahoochee, Ga., attacked and stormed ences the results of some experiments on by 300 Indians, and burnt to ashes. burning glasses, asserting the account of 1838. JOHN MURPHY died in Fauquier Archimedes burning the Roman ships at county, Va., aged 106. Syracuse, were neither absurd nor false. 1847. DANIEL O'CONNEL, the Irish agita­ 1770. LOUIS XVI of France espoused tor, died at Genoa, on his way to Rome. Maria Antoinette, archduchess of Austria. His heart was sent forward and his body A violent tempest on that day was regard­ carried back to Ireland. ed as an omen of future misfortunes. 1848. Attempted communist counter re­ 1776. The French navigator, DE PAGES, volution in Paris. passed the 81st degree of north latitude, 1848. Rl(jHARD H. TOLER, a distinguished in an attempt to reach the pole. writer and for 23 years editor of the Lynch­ 1776. JOHN HOADLEY, an English poet burgh Virginian, died at Richmond. and dramatic writer, died. He was the 1854. GEORGE PERKINS, a retired Boston son of bishop' Hoadley, took orders and merchant, was murdered by the Chinese was loaded with preferments. crew of a boat which he had engaged to 1782. DANIEL CHARLES SOJ-AllDER, a ce­ take him ashore at Macao, whither he had lebrated Swedish naturalist, died. He was just arrived from San Francisco. the pupil of Linnreus; visited England, 1854. The ship Townsend, from Boston ltnd went with Cook on his voyage round to San Fran!sco destroyed by fire, and the world. several lives lost. 1793. EDMUND C. GENET, the French 1854. An explosion took place in the minister, ltrrived at Phi4ldelphia. He was Blackheath coal mines, Virginia; by which received with much enthusiasm by the of the twenty-three workmen only one citizens. (See July 14.) escaped death. 1795. The Batavian republic formed, by 1855. The universal industrial exhibi­ the aid of the French, in imitation of tion was opened at Paris by Louis Napo­ France; being governed by a legislature leon. and a directory of five. 25 194 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May16.

1796. Earthquake in Syria; Lataka, the 1855. General CANROBERT resigned the ancient Laodicea, was laid in ruins, and command of the French troops in the more than 3,000 persons buried under the Crimea, and was succeeded by general Pe­ fallen mass. The village of Gibel was to­ lissier. tally destroyed, and many houses in Tripoli were tumbled down. 1801. Battle of Heliopolis; the French MAY 17. under Belliard defeated. by the Turks un- der the grand vizier. . 1039. HAROLD I, the second Danish 1806. Blockade of the Elbe and of Brest, monarch of England, died, at Oxford. A a coast of 1000 miles, with no place in- heavy tax which he imposed on his people vested by land, and before many of the made him unpopular. He was buried at ports no blockading ships. Winchester; but by the cruel edicts of his 1809. The rear gnard of the French brother the bodv was dug up, beheaded army attacked at Salamonde in Portngal, and thrown into the Thames; re~ov81:ed and com pelled to retreat before supenor and again buried only to be a second time forces, with the loss of their artillery and disinterred and committed to the Thames; baggage; having lost abont 8,000 men, found and privately buried at West- 2,000 of whom were slaughtered by the minster. • Portuguese. The army was a fortnight n63. HELOISE, abbess of the Paraclete, without clothing, shoes, provisions, &c., died; celebrated as the mistress of Abelard, cxcepting those procured by marauding, and for her learning. She was entombed and they must all have been destroyed bbt , with her husband. At the dissolution of for the great military talents of Sault. the monasteries in 1792, the prIncipal in- J811. Bat0e of Albuera, in Spain; the habitants of Nogent-sur-Seine went in allies defeated by the Fr81wh under Soult; grand procession to the Paraclete, to trans­ about 20,000 men fell in this battle. fer the remains of the lovers to a vault in 1811. Action between the United States' their church. In 1800 they were trans­ frigate President, Rogers, and British ship ported to Paris, and one of the most pic­ Little-Belt, which was captured. turesque and interesting ornaments in the 1813. Battle of Mignano, Italy, and de- cemetery of Pere la Chaise, is the sepulchral feat of the French. chapel covering their remains, constructed 1828. WILLIAM CONGREVE, a British of- from the ruins of the Paraclete. ficer, died; inventor of the Congreve 1498. VASQUEZ DE GAMA discovered the rocket, a hydro-pneumatIC canal lock, and continent of India. On his rt'turn he again a new method of manufacturing gun pow- doubled cape Good Hope, which had long der, &c. been regarded as the ne plus ultra of navi- 1830..The bill to remove the civil dis- gation. abilities of the Jews rejected in the British 1536. GEORGE BOLEYN, an English states- parliament by a vote of 288 to 165. man, beheaded. He was a man of learn- 1830. Great eruption of mount .Mtna; ing and ability, whose elevation followed seven new' craters were formed, and eight that of his sister Anne as queen; and when villages were destroyed, to which the lava she fell, he too was degraded and unjustly had never before extended. . condemned. 1835. FELICIA DOROTHEA HEMANS, a ce- 1575. MATTHEW PARKER, second protest- lebrated English poetess, died. Her poems ant archbishop of Canterbnry, died. Hc wpre extremely popular during her life- was deeply versed in Saxon litjJrature and time, and have been published in 2 vols. published a work on the antiquity of the 1838. New York state banks resumed English church. specie payment.. 1610. GERVASE BABINGTON died; bishop 1841. A constitution of the republjc of I of Worcester and an eminent theologicil.l Yucatan de~reed by the legislature and writer. published at Merida, the capital; Yucatan 1617. JACOB AUGUSTUS TnuANus (alias having declared its absolute independence De Thou) died; an illustrious French of the republic of Mexico. statesman and historian. 1842. Count DE LAS CASAS, author of 1664. The English conv'i1ticle act was the Memai,'s of Napoleon, died near Paris. passed forbidding more than five persons 1849. The city of Bologna capitulated meeting for' religious purposes except those to the Austrians after a conflictof pightdnys. regulated by the book of common prayer. 1850. WILLIAM HENDRICKS, for some time 1690. A party of French and Indians governor of Indiana, died at Madison, under the sieur Hertel, returning from a aged 67. marauding excursion among the English 1854. Tornadoes occurred in Alabama, settlements, attacked and destroyed the Missouri and Illinois, accompl>nied with fort at Casco, Me. extensive dalllllge to property. 1723. JOSEPH BINGHAM, an English ec- May 17.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 195

clesiastic, died; author of .Ilntiquities of feated by the French after a sanguinary the Christian Church, a learued and labori­ conflict. ous work, in 10 vols. 1797. Revolution in Venice, and a de­ 1727. CATHARINE ALEXIEVN A, empress mocratic government formed under the of Russia, died. She was the daughter of direction of the French general Angereau. a peasant of Livonia, married a Swedish 1797. LOUIS XVIII compelled to quit the dragoon, who was killed on the same day Venetian territory. in battle. The Russian general Bauer made 1797. MICHEL JEAN SEDAINE, a Prench her his mistress, after which she lived a dramatic writer, died, aged 78. Bred to short time with prince Mentschicoff. In the occupation of a stone mason, byap­ her 17th year she becama the mistress of plication to study he won a place in the Peter the Great, who afterwards married French academy. her and presented her with the diadem 1801. A French convoy of 560 men with and the sceptre. After his death she was 1 cannon and 550 camels, in Egypt, cap­ proclaimed sovereign empress of all the tured by the British. Russias, and showed herself worthy of her 1801. WILLIAM HEBERDEN died; anEng­ high fortune. lish physician and medical writer. 1729. SAMUEL CLARKE, a famous English 1809. BONAPARTE issued from Vienna a divin", died; celebrated also for his writ­ decree declaring the temporal sovereignty ings on mathematics, &c. of the pope to be wholly at an end, and 1732. WILLIAM LOWTH died; a celebrat­ incorporating Rome with the French em­ ed English theological writer and com­ pire. The "holy father" instantly fulmi­ mentator. nated a bull of excommunication against 1738 o. ·s. BELL, the Scottish traveler, the daring em~ror, but it did not avail; returned to St. Petersburg from his em­ his holiness was taken in his palace and bassy to Constantinople, whither he went conveyed away at midnight, under pretence at the earnest solicitation of the Russian that a life so sacred in the eyes of all Chris­ cabinet, and the British minister. This tians, might be endangered! was the last of his expeditions, and was 1817. SAMUEL JESSUP died; an opulent undertaken in the midst of winter, through English grazier, of pilltaking notoriety. a country exposed to all the horrors of a An apoth8cary's bill, which was given in barbarous warfare, attended by only one evidence on a trial a short time previous servant, who understood the Turkish lan­ to his death, affords a table of statiStiCS guage. which will not be exceeded by the memo­ 1740. PETER JULIAN ROUILLE, a French rabilia of the life of any man. In 21 years Jesuit, died; professor o{ theology and he took 226,934 pills. He began with a philosophy to his order, and co-editor of moderate appetite, which increased as he the Roman History, 21 vols. quarto. proceeded, so that in the last five. years he 1742. Battle of Czaslau, or Chatusitz, in took them at the rate of 78 a day, and in Bohemia; the Prussians defeated the Aus­ the year 1814 swallowed not less than 51,· trians, who lost 7,000; Prussian loss, 3,000. 590. Notwithstanding this, and a I addi­ 1749. SAMUEL BOYSE, an Irish poet, tion of 40,000 bottles of mixtures, he at­ died. His talentswere amply rewarded, tained the advanced age of 65 years. but he unfortunately had a disposition to 1829. JOHN JAY, a distinguished Amer­ practice the meanest deceptions to pro­ ican statesman, died, aged ~4. His public cure benefactions, which brought hIm to services commencpd in 1774, and continu­ wretchednl\Ss and contempt. ed till 1801, when he retired to private 1767. ROGER WOLCOTT, governor of Con­ life; distinguished as a man of great dis­ nectiCut, died. He never attended school cernment, extensive information, and fine a single day of his life, yet gradually rose talents as a writer. by his own efforts to the highest military 1829. Battle between the Russians under and civil honors. general Diebitsch, and the Turks; the lat­ 1772. The theatre at Amsterdam, in ter of whom, 5,000 in number, were' de­ Holland, t.ook fire and burned to death 31 feated and driven into Silistria, with heavy persons. losses on both sides. 1774. At a town meeting of the inhabit­ 1829. Battle of Pravadia, between the ants of Providence, R. 1., the subject of a Russian army under general Roth, and the general congress was acted upon, being the Turks under the grand vizier. The.Turks first act of the kind by a public assemblage. are said to have lost 2,000, and the Rus­ 1776. Captain MUGFORD in a vessel of 4 sians 1,000. The latter maintained thbir guns captured British ship Hope, 4 guns, ground, but no ..important advantage was with 1,500 barrels powder and military lI:ained by either party. stores, and brought her into the port of 1831. NATHANIEL ROCHESTER, an officer Boston. in the revolution, died at Rochester, New 1794. Battle of Surcoign; British de- York, from whom the town took its name. 196 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 17.

1838. CHARLES MAURICE DE TALLEYRAND 1565. The Turks under Mustapha, pasha, PERIGORD, one of the most distinguished to the number of 30,000 choice troops, statesmen and diplomatists of modern landed on the island of Malta, with a view times, died at Paris, aged 84. His name to extirpate the knights. But the desper­ was intimately associated with French ate resistance they encountered compelled politics, from the co=ericement of the them to abandon the island with the loss revolution in 1789. of 25,000 men. Loss of the knights 1841. About 250 feet of the cliff on 7,000. which the defences of the city of Quebec 1596. HEEMSKERK, accompanied by Jan stand, fell away, causing the ruin of sev­ Cornelissen Ryp, with two vessels again eral buildings, !tnd the death of about 30 attempted the discovery of a northern pass­ persons. age to India. In this voyage he became 1843. PETER W. GALLAUDET died at embayed in ice, and passed the winter in Washington, D. C., aged 88. The Wash­ the arctic rel(ions, exposed to the rigors of ington manual laborer school and the the climate, and other perils. The ill suc­ Howard institution can bear testimony to cess of this expedition destroyed all hope his industry and patriotism. with the Dutch of finding a northern pass­ 1848. Massacre in Naples, justified by age to China. the king, on the ground of necessity; 1652. Naval action nearDover, England; 1777 bodies were found, 400 troops killed, admiral Van Tromp refusing to pay honor and the city given up to pillage. to the British flag by lowering his own, 1849. A severe and very destructive fire brought on a furious battle between him at St. Louis, Missouri. and admiral Blake. One of the Dutch 1850. Gallinas, the noted slave factory ships taken, and one sunk. on the west of Africa, purchased by the 1663. SAMUEL, DES MARETS, a French Liberian republic. protestant divine, died; celebrated for his 1856. REDWOOD FISHER, an American controversies, in which he was diligently author, died, aged 73. He began business engaged 18 years, and displayed astonish­ as a merchant in Philadelphi3; subse­ ing knowledge and erudition. quently edited a daily paper in New York, 1664. "His sacred majesty," Charles II, and took an active part in public affairs. advertised that he would attend to healing He published several volumes on political his people of the king's evil, by touching, economy, and was much interested in during the month of May. statistics. 1675. S:rANISLAUS LUBIENIETSKI, a cele­ brated Polish Socinian,died in exile atHam­ MAY 18. burg. His theological works are numerous, but he is better known by a work on com­ 975. EDWARD (the martyr), murdered ets, entitledTheatrumCometicum, which was by his step-mother. He was the son of written to show that comets portend both king Edgar who enacted laws against ex­ good and evil, in opposition to the pre­ cessive drinking, ordaining a size with vailing notion that they were the harbing­ pins in the cup with penalties on any who ers of misfortune onlyl It contained an should presume to drink deeper than the elaborate account of all the comets record­ mark. Hence the phrase drinking deep. ed in history (415), down to the year 1665. 1291. The city of Acre, in Palestine, 1676. Indian battle at Turner's falls, on taken by "the Turks; after a siege of 30 Connecticut river above Greenfield. The days the double wall was forced by the Indians having planted nothing, were un­ Moslems, the principal tower yielded to willing to lose the fishing season also, and their engines, th~ M3melukes made a gen­ had encamped here in great security; eral assault, the city was stormed, and when three of the towns below hearing of death or slavery was the lot of 60,000 their position mustered about 150 men, Christians, and the Holy Land was again mounted on horses, and set out for their in the hands of the Turks. camp. Arriving towards morning, they 1410. ROBERT, emperor of Germany, tied their horses, and prooeed~ng about a died, just as a powerful combination had quarter of a mile farther, found them been formed to deprive him of the crown. sleeping in their huts, without any senti­ 1539. FERDINAND DE SOTO, governor of nels or guard. The attack was so sudden Cuba, sailed for the conquest of Florida and unexpeCted that they fled, many into with nine vessels, 900 men besides sailors, the river where they perished, and others 213 horses and a herd of swine. He land­ were killed under the banks where they ed on the west coast of the peninsula, with had concealed themselves. The Indians 300 men, and pitched his camp; but about at first supposed they had received a visit day break the next morning they were at· from their friends the Mohawks, but the tacked by the natives, and obliged to re­ daylight disclosing the error, and the few­ tire. ness of their assailants, they rallied and May 18.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 197 turned upon their pursuers. The English lawyer of Massachusetts, died. He was 11 retreated in turn, unable to resist the su­ years speaker of the assembly, and during periority of numbers, and not managing a practice of thirty-two years, argued their retreat well, thirty-eight were cut off 15,000 causes. and lost. The Indians acknowledged a 1822. ITURBIDE declared emperor of loss of 300. Mexico by the army under the title of Au­ 1692. ELIAS ASHMOLE, a noted English gustin 1. antiquary, died. His valuable collection 1832. CASSIMIR PERRIER, prime minister of coins, to the number of 9,000 besides of France, died. He left the army in 1800 books and other curiosities, were de­ to become a banker, in which capacity he stroyed by fire; but his most valuable gold acquired an immense fortune, with the coins and manuscripts escaped. He was advantages of which he combined great an indefatigable laborer in the cause of mental capacity, talent for business and science. habits of public speaking. lIe was one of 1701. FREDERICK SPANHEIM died; a not­ the few victims of cholera in the higher ed divinity professor at Leyden, and a ranks of life. voluminous writer. 1843. CHARLES BAGOT, governor-general 1724. Cardiual VINCENT MARIA ORSINI of the British North American provinces, elected pope and took the name of Bene­ died at Kingston, in Canada. dictXII1. 1848. Commander HENRY PINCKNEY, of 1733. EDMUND CHISHULL, an English the United States navy, was drowned by traveler, died; author of a book of travels the swamping of a boat. in Turkey. 1850. Great fire at thevillage of Corning, 1742. RICHARD JOY (the English Samson), Chemung county, New York. died; a man of wonderful strength. 1855. JOHN C. SPENCER, an American 1769. Virginia entered into the non­ statesman, died at Albany, aged 67. He importation agreement. was a man of intellect and energy, and 1773. Boundary line between New York was in public life from an early age. lIe and Massachusetts agreed upon. achieved his highest fame from his con­ 1787. First attempt made to engrave on nection with the revision of the statutes of glass by M. de Puymaurin, at Toulouse. New York. 1794. Battle of Bullion; French under Jourdan defeated by the Austrians under Beaulieu with the loss of 1,200 killed. MAY 19. 1794. Battle of Tournay; British defeated by the French. 804. FLACCUB ALCUINUS, an English 1794. Battle of Lannoy, in .France, be­ ecclesiastic, died in France. He may be tween the French under Pichegru, and the considered as one of the lelLrned few British under the duke of York; the latter whose genius dissipated the gloom of the defeated with the loss of sixty pieces of 8th century. His writings, most of which cannon. are extant, were published 1617JSee Dec.l) 1800. PETER ALEJOS WASILIOwrrsCH, • 1122. Lincoln in England destroyed by count SuwarofI-Rimnitskoy> died; a Rus­ fire. sian general, known in the wars of Europe 1217. Battle of Lincoln; the French as Gen. Suwarrow; distinguished for his defeated, and England effectually secured bravery and abilities, and equally so for his from the dominion of Lewis the Dauphin, inhumanities. who was then holding his court within the 1803. War was again declared between walls of London. France and England. Who, asked Bona­ 1218. OTHO IV (the proud), emperor of parte, is responsible for the consequences. Germany, died. He laid claim to some of Ah! who indeed. the territories of the pope, by whom he 1804. The conservative senate of France was excommunicated and deposed. declared Bonaparte emperor. 1242. HENRY III of England embarked 1805. Battle of Derne, in Barbary, which for France, taking with him 30 hhds of was attacked by the Tripolitan army, and silver. defended by the American general Eaton, 1494. COLUMBUS, proceeding towards who repulsed the assailants with great Cuba, named the headland Cabo de Cnrz slaughter. on this day. He now ascertained from the 1807. JOHN DOUGLAS, bishop of Salis­ natives that Cuba was an island, but after bury, died. He was one of the first literary coasting it 335 leagues from the eastern characters of the age, and the last surviv­ point, renounced the idea; and but for ing member but one of the beef steak club, the scarcity of provisions, would have celebrated by Goldsmith in his poem of attempted to return to Europe by way of Retaliation. the Red sea, under the impression that he 1821. TIMOTHY BIGELOW, an eminent was on the coast of India. 198 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 19. 1536. ANNE BOLEYN, queen of England, with whom he lived in the closest inti­ executed. She was crowned at Westmin- macy. ster 1533 with unparalleled splendor, and 1795. JOSIAH BARTLETT, one of the in i few weeks after became the mother of signers, died. He was a delegate from the famous Elizabeth. New Hampshire in the first congress, and 1610. THOMAS SANCHEZ,a SpanishJesuit, his was the first name called on the vote died, and was buried with extraordinary of the declaration of independence. magnificence. His works are ingenious. 1798. BONAPARTE with an immense 1613. King JAMES issuedfarthing tokens armament sailed from Toulon for the con- by proclamation. quest of Egypt. '£he sunrise was splendid 1622. OSMAN I, sultan of Turkey, and similar phenomena were called the strangled by his soldiery. He undertook suns of Napoleon. an expedition against Poland, in which he 1798. Intelligence having been received lost 80,000 men and 100,000 horses; these by the British that a number of transports misfortunes were attributed to the Janiza- fitted out at Flushing were intended to be ries, who thereupon hurled him from the sent round by the canals to Ostend and throne. Dunkirk, for the purpose of invading Eng- 1643. Battle of Rocroy, between the land, an expedition was despatched to de­ French and Spaniards, in which the French stroy the sluices and basin of the Bruges under the duke d'Enghein gained a signal canal at Ostend. The direction of the en­ victory. terprise was entrusted to general Coote and 1651. PETER WRIGHT, chaplain to the captain Home Popham, who en this day marquis of Winchester, executed. Ro- disembarked their troops, and in a few mauist priests were viewed in the same hours the sluices were blown up, and sev­ light as highway robbers. eral vessels in the canals destroyed; but 1656. JOHN HALES died; an English on returning to the beach, the wind and author, so much admired for his wit and surf were so high, that it was impossible learning, that he is called the ever memorable. to re-embark; meanwhile the country be­ 1670. FERDINANDO UGHELI, a Florentine ing alarmed, the enemy advanced upon monk, died; distinguished for his learu- them with a superior force, and the British, ing and his virtues. after a spirited resistance, were compelled 1676. JOHN GREENHILL died; an emi- to capitulate. Of 1000 forces landed more nent English painter. than 100 were killed or wounded, among 1692. Battle of La Hogue ; the combined whom was general Coote. English and Dutch fleets defeated the 1808. Action in the night between Brit­ French of 50 sail, who lost 20 of their ish ship Virginia, and Dutch frigate Gel· largest men of war, and were prevented derland; the latter captured. from making a descent on England. 1810. Explosion of a powder magazine 1715. CHARLES MONTAGUE, earl Halifax, at New Haswell in Hungary, which de­ died; an eminent English statesman, ora- stroyed 300 houses, killed 80 persons, and tor and poet. 300 were dug out ot the ruills alive. 1769. Ca.:linal GANGANELLI proclaimed 1831. FRANCIS MASERES, an English pope under the title of Clement XIV. • mathematician, died, aged 93. He was 1776. Captain MUGFORD having secured not only an author, but devoted a part of his prize (see May 17) and put to sea his income to reprinting such works as he again, was attacked by 13 British boats, thought useful either in illustration of whom he beat off; butwas himself killed, mathematical history or of that of his being the only person injured. country. Penny Cyclopedia says 1824, 1780. Dark day in New England,occa- which agrees with the 93 years from sioned by a thin cloud or' vapor. The the date of his birth. people dined by candlelight, and the dark- 1838. THOMAS T. BIDnULPH, an eminent ness ofthe night is represented as Egyptian. English clergyman, died. He was the au- 1788. SAMUEL BADCOCK, an English di- thor of various publications, one of which. vine and writer, died; admired as a Sixteen Short S~rmons, has been translated pulpit orator and a man of literary talent. into 15 languages. 1788. Congress ordered two cannon to 1850. A body of Americans under gen. be named, one John Hancock, and the Paredez landed on the islaud of Cuba, other Adams; being one moiety of four with a view to revolutionize it, and took cannon which constituted the whole train the town of Cardenas. of artillery possessed by the colonies at 1853. The Chinese rebels captured the the commencement of the war. The other city of Amoy. two were taken by the British. 1854. 'WILLIAM HULME COOPER, alieuten- 1795. JAMES BOSWELL, died, aged 55; a ant in the British navy, died, aged 26, Scottish lawyer, rendered famous as the from the effects of exposure and privation friend and biographer of Dr. Johnson, during four years arotic service in search May 19.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 199 of sir John Franklin. He commanded a 1713. THOMAs SPRAT, an English prelate cutter in an expedition from Icy cape to and poet, died; he was distinguished as the Mackenzie; for three days he was a writer, and rewarded with preferments. lost in a snow storm, and for two winters 1726. NICHOLAS BRADY died; an Irish he and his boat's crew were isolated near divine of good ability and learning, trans­ the northern shores of America. The lated Virgil and wrote a new version of hardships he endured caused the pulmo­ the Psalms in conjunction with Tate. nary disease of which he died. 1728. JAMES LE QUIEN DE LA NEUFVILLE, 1856. JOHN KEATING died at Philadel­ a French historian, died; author· of an phia, aged 96. He was a native of France excellent history of Portugal, &c. and in early life was an officer in the. ser­ 1732. THOMAS BOSTON, a Scottish divine, vice of Louis XVI. He came to the died; author of the well known book, United States after the death of that mon­ Human Natur~ in it. Fou~rold State. 'arch, with about thirty families of the 1735. The Turks defeated by the Prus­ French noblesse and military, and found­ sians, and more than 60,000 killed and ed the colony of The Asylum, near Tow­ wounded. anda, in Pennsylvania. 1736. The body of one Samuel Baldwin, of England, in compliance with his will, immprsed in the sea at Lymington. His MAY 20. motive for this extraordinary mode of in­ terment was to prevent his wife from 526. Earthquake at Antioch, by which dancing over his grave, which she had 250,000 persons are said to have perished. threatened to do in case she survived him. 1499. ALONZO DE OJEDA sailed from Ca­ 1756. Naval action at Fort Philip, Min­ diz on a western voyage of discovery, orca, between the French fiept, 12 ships 5 accompanied by Amerigo Vespucci. It is frigates, and the British, 13 ships 5 frig­ uncertain in what station Amerigo sailed, ates. Admiral Byng was afterwards shot but he appears to have had a chief share in England, on an unjust charge of cow­ in directing the voyage, and on his return ardice in tIlis affair. published an amusing account of the coun­ 1758. The scenery and wardrobe of the try they visited; which having a rapid Bath theatre burned by the wagons taking circulation, he was suppbsed to be the fire on which it was being transported over discoverer, and it came gradually to be Salisbury plain. called by his name. 1774. British parliament passed an act 1506. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, the dis­ for transporting Americans to England for coverer of the new world, died at Valla­ trial. dolid in Spain, aged about 70. He had 1775. Articles of confederation and un­ devoted his whole life to the study and ion agreed on by the American colonies. accomplishment of his grand enterprise, 1776. Major SHERBURNE, with 140 and its complete success embittered the Americans, marching to relieve the post at remainder of his days by exciting the per­ the Cedars, in Canada, was attacked by fidy and ingratitude of a base and treach­ 500 Indians, and after an obstinate battle, erous nation. the party surrendered. The Indians hav­ 1521. CORTEZ mustered his army in the ing lost a chief and 21 warriors, massa­ great market place of Tezcuco, to make a cred as many prisoners. division of it, appoint commanders, assign 1778. Gen. GRANT with 7000 British, to each the station where they were to made an attempt to surprise La Fayette, form their camps, in order to invest the then posted at Barren-hill, Pa., with 2500 city of Mexico. (See May 30.) men. The latter escaped by a masterly 1610. NICHOLAS SERARIUS, a French retreat. . Jesuit, died. His works, 16 vols. folio, 1783. WILLIAM ROBERTSON, the Scottish display great labor and extensive erudi­ divine, died. tion. 1789. The French clergy renounced 1618. King JAMEs publicly declared his their privileges. pleasure, "that after the End of divine 1793. CHARLES BONNET, a noted Swiss service, the people should not be letted naturalist, died at Geneva. from any lawful recreation on Sundays, 1796. BONAPARTE passed the river Po; such as dancing, archery, vaulting, May­ MARCEAU and CHAMPIONNET drove the games, Whitsun-ales, morris-dances, and Anstrians from Hunsruch; they were also the setting up of May-poles, aud other defeated on the Sieg, with the loss of sports therewith used." 2400. 1690. JOHN ELIOT, the apostle of the 1799. BONAPARTE raised the siege of St. Indians, died, aged 86. He was the first Jean d'Acre; it had lasted 60 days. protestant clergyman who preached the 1799. JOSEPH TOWERS died; a printer, gospel to the North American Indians. bookseller, and afterwards a preacher with 200 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 20. the title of LL. D. He wrote British Bio­ 1542. FERDINAND DE SOTO, a Spanish graphy, 7 vols. and other works of merit. adventurer, died at the confluence of the 1800. BONAPARTE passed mount St. Guacoya and Mississippi. He was a com­ Bernard, among the Alps, after astonish- panion of Pizarro in his Peruvian expedi­ ing efforts. . tion, and amassed great wealth; after 1813. Battle of Bautzen, between Rus­ which he became governor of Cuba. He siam and Prussians under Barclay de Tolly,. fitted out an expedition to search Florida and Prench under Bonapart'l. for more gold, and lost his life. 1813. American frigate Congress, capt. 1643. Battle of Wakefield; the forces Smith, captured British brig Jean, 10 guns, of Charles I defeated by the parliamentary took out 40 tons copper and sunk her. troops. 1815. MURAT, king of Naples, left the 1647. PETER CORNELIUS HOOFT, one of city in disguise, while his queen sought the most eminent poets and prose writers the security which had been promised her of Holland, diAd. on board a British man of war. 1649. The commonwealth of England 1820. CnARLEs LOUIS SAND executed; proclaimed. the murderer of Kotzebue. 1650. JAMES GRAHAM, marquis of Mont­ 1840. JOSEPH BLANCO WHITE, an English rose, executed. He fought with great preacher and controversial writer, died, bravery in the royal cause; but being at aged 67. He was the author of various length captured he was hung on a gallows works, and distinguished himself by the 30 feet high at Edinburgh, and his quar­ zeal and ability with which he opposed tered Iemains exposed over the city gates. the catholic religion. 1682. MICHAEL ANGELO RICCI, an Italian 1841. WILLIAM P.DEWEES, a distinguish­ cardinal, died; celebrated as a mathema­ ed medical writer, died at Philadelphia. tician. 1848. A treaty of peace made with the 1718. GASPARD ABEILLE, a French poet Navajo Indians and the United States. and wit, died. His writings are not much 1855. The king of Hanover issued an esteemed. ordinance annulling the constitution set­ 1723. JAMES MABOUL, an eloquent French tled in 1848, and the provincial electoral preacher, died; author of Oratioms Fum­ law of 1850. bres. 1856. JAMES KING, editor of the Even­ 1724. ROBERT HARLEY, earl of Oxford, ing Mirror, at San Prancisco, California, died; an English statesman and literary died of a pistol wound inilicted in the character. street a few days before by Casey, editor of 1745. British squadron captured French the Sunday Times. Casey was arrested ship Vigilant, 64 guns, and 560 men, with and conveyed to jail under great popular a cargo valued at £60,000. excitement. Subsequently the vigilance 1762. British ships Active and Favorite committee, numbering 3000 men, proceed­ captured the Spanish ship Hermione from ed to the jail, and took Casey and another Lima, with a cargo of $2,308,700. 'l'he murderer to the committee rooms, where four highest British officers shared $288,­ they were tried, and soon after hung. 000 each. 1780. Village of Johnstown, New York, burnt by the tories. MAY 21. 1781. British fort Dreadnought surren­ dered to the Americans under Gen. Lee. 216 B. c. Battle of Cannre, in Italy, in 1782. American generalWayne defeated which the Roman consuls were vanquished a considerable body of British under Col. by Hannibal, with a loss of 40,000 men, Brown, near Savannah. including Paulus lEmylius, and 5,630 1789. JOHN HAWKINS, an English writer. knights. The Carthaginians seemed not to died; author of a History of Music in 5 know the use .of victory. vols. quarto. 987. LOUIS V (the lazy), king of France, 1790. THOMAS WARTON, an English poet poisoned by his wife, Blanche. died; author of a Histo,'Y of Poetry, 3 1342. JOHN CANTACUZENUS, the historian vols. of his own times, and a defender of the 1794. French under Dumas scaled mount faith, inaugurated emperor of Constanti­ Cenis. nople. 1794. Bastia, in Corsica, surrendered to 1420. Treaty of Troyes, bywhich Henry lord Hood. V of England was to marry Kate, daugh­ 1796. Battles of Tombio and Codogno ; ter of Charles VII of France, and the two the French defeated the Austrians; the kingdoms to be uuited under Henry on the gallant French gen. La Harpe killed. death of Charles. 1799. Archduke CHARLES crossed the 1502. The island of St. Helena discov­ Rhine into Switzerland. ered. 1804. The first interment in the ceme- May 21.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 201 tery of Pere la Chaise; it was laid out the first Indian port visited by a European and prepared by order of Bonaparte. vessel. 1807. Dantzic surrendered to the French 1542. PAUL III, summoned the council after a siege of 51 days. Its garrison at of Trent; but was compelled to prorogue first consisted of 16,000; 4000 deserted; it, his own ecclesiastics only attending. only 9000 were taken; 800 cannon and 1555. JOHN PE'rER CARAFFA elected immense stores fell into the hands of the pope, and assumed the title of Paul IV. French. 1604. The first settlement made on the 1809. Battle of Essling, in Austria. It coast of Guiana, by'captain Charles and sir began by a furious attack upon the village Oliver Leigh. of Asperne, which was taken and retaken 1611. JAMES I, instituted the order of several times. Essling sustained three at­ Baroncts, and elevated '/5 familics to that tacks also. Night interrupted the action; dignity. the Austrians exulting in their partial suc­ 1659. RICHARD CROMWELL'S parliament cess, Napoleon surprised that he should dissolved by commission under the great not have been wholly successful. On seal, at the instance of Desborough. either side the carnage had been terrible, ~661. The solemn league and covenant and the pathways of the village were lit­ burned by the common hangman at Lon­ erally choked with the dead. dOD, aud afterwards throughout the coun­ 1813. British attacked Sacketts Harbor. try. 1813. Battle of Bautzen, which had 1667. ALEXANDER VII (Fabio Chigi), continued two days; the Prnssians were pope, died; characterized as little in great driven from their position, and Napoleon things, and great in little ones. He was advanced to Breslaw, leaving 12,000 liheral towards men of letters, and embel­ Frenchmen in the searching claws of their lished Rome with some splendid edifices. executors-the crows. 1680. A vast luminous meteor appeared 1826. GEORGE REICHENBACH, a distin­ at Leipsic. guished mechanical artist, died at Munich, 1688. JOHN ANDREW QUENSTEDT died; a where he had a noted manufactory of German divine, author of a Latin accollllt astronomical instruments, unsurpassed in of learned men down to 1600. the world. 1690. Naval action at Cherbourg; Bri­ 1830. LEOPOLD of Saxe Coburg declined tish admiral Ashby destroyed 3 French the throne of Greece, except on terms ships of the line and several frigates, be­ which the allied sovereigns would not ing part of Tourville's squadron. accede to. 1692. Action off La Hogue, commeiIced.. 1832. GEORGE W. ROGERS, an American the night previous, between the combined commodore, died on board ship Warren, English and Dutch fleets, admiral Russell, off Buenos Ayres. and the French fleet, which lost 16 sail. 1849. MARIA EDGWORTH, the popular and 1707. Battle of Stolhoffen, on the Rhine; distinguished authoress, died at her resi­ French under Villars forced the lines of dence in Edgworthstown, Ireland. the allies. 1855. 'I'he ship canal round the falls of 1722. SEBASTIAN VAILLANT, a French St. Mary's river, Michigan, was completed botanist, died. He was originally organist and accepted. to a convent. 1855. The allied fleet of the French 1725. ROBERT MOI,IlSWORTH, an able and English entered the Russian port of English statesman, died. He rendered Petropaulowski, and found it deserted. himsolf obnoxious to the clergy by in­ sinuating that "religion is a pious craft, a useful state engine, but far inferior to the principles which in the school of Athens MAY 22. and Rome, incited their attentive youth to the love of their country, and to'the prac­ 334 B. c. Battle of the Granicus, in By­ tice of the moral virtues." thinia, in which Alexander of Macedon 1734. KOULI KHAN, defeated the Turkish defeated the Persians. army in Persia. 337. CONsrANTINE (the great), emp8ror of 1745. Rattle Jagernsdorf; Pru~sians de­ Rome, died. He was an able general and feated the imperialists. a sagacious politician ; celebrated as the 1773. JOHN ENTICK, an English clergyman builder of Constantinople on the site of and schoolmaster, died; author of the Byzantium, and as the first emperor who SpeUing Dictwnary, and other works. embraced Christianity. 1775. Meeting qf provincial congress at 1424. JAMES 1, of Scotland, crowned 18 New York. years after his accession, since which he 1780. Sir JOHN JOHNSON, with a party had been in captivity. of British and tories, burnt a mill and 33 1498. VASCO DE GAMA landed at Calicut, housQS at Johnson Hall, killed abont a 26 202 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 22. dozen persons, destroyed all the sheep 1854. Ra.il road inaugurated in Sardinia, and cattle, and having dug up his silver running between Turin and Susa; the plate decamped. king and queen, the government officials, 1781. JOHN BAPTIST BECCARIA, a learned and a great concourse of people participat- Italian monk, died. ing. . 1782. Formosa, a large island in the 1855. The convent suppression bill pass­ Chinese sea, almost wholJy inundated by ed the Sardinian senate. volcanic agency, during a storm. 1856. PRESTON S. BROOKS, a South 1794. Battle of Esperes ; French defeated Carolina member of congress, wiekedly by the British, who took 500 prisoners and cowardly assanltted Charles Summer, and 700 cannon. senator from Massachusetts, while seated 1795. MUNGO PARK, sailed from England at his desk in the senate chamber, and on his first expedition to Africa, for the pur­ felled him to the floor with a cane, in pose of tracing the course of the Niger, retaliation for abusive language in debate. and procuring information relative to the city of Timbuctoo, of which little more than the name was known. • MAY 23. 1798. BONAPARTE and the French fleet sailed from Toulon; at the same time lord 1270 B. C. LARCIIER places the chronology Nelson's fleet was in a storm in the gulf of the fall of Troy upon this day. of Lyons, not many leagues distant. 63 B. c. Jerusalem taken by Pompey on 1809. Second battle of Essling; French the 23d day of the Hebrew month Sivan, recrossed the Danube. in the consulate of Cicero, a day that was 1810. CHARLOTTE GEXEVIEVE LOUISA then observed as a fast, in remembrance of AUGUSTA ANDREA TnioTHEE DU BEAUMO"T the defeetion and idolatry of Jeroboam, D'EoN, a French diplomatist, died, aged who made Israel to sin. 82; memorable as a politician, but more 37 B. c..Jerusalem fell into the hands of so for having been discovered to be a Herod, in the consulate of Agrlppa; it be­ female while on an embassy to England, ing one of those septenniary periods called in the year 1777. sabbatic yeal'!!. 1812. Action off the coast of France, be­ 683. LEO II, pope, died; an able and tween 2 British ships and 2 French 44 resolute pontiff; established the kiss of gun frigates, and a brig of 18 guns; the peace at the mass, and the use of holy latter were destroyed. water. 1813. Battle of Reichenbach; 1500 1125. HENRY V of Germany died; leav­ French cavalry charged and overthrew ing an odious character. the allied cavalry; but many divisions 1430. The town of Cornpiegne in France coming to their aid, the French were re­ was besieged by the combined forces of inforced by 14,000 horse and cuirassiers England and Burgundy, and defended by and the allies compelled to retreat. Joan of Arc. 1813. MICHAEL DUROC, a distinguished 1455. Battle of St. Albans (first of the French general, killed by a cannou ball, roses), between the Lancastrians under which struck him as he stood conversing Henry VI, and the Yorkists. The former with Mortier and Kirgener, the latter of were defeated with the loss of 3 earls, 49 whom was also killed instantly. barons and about 5,000 men killed,; and 1813. United States frigate Congress, the king himself was wounded in the neck Capt. 'Smith, captured the British brig and taken prisoner. Loss of the other Diana 10 guns. party 500. 1814. JOSEPH WHITE, an eminent Eng­ 1498. GERONIMO SAVANAROLA, an Italian lish divine, and oriental scholar, died. monk, burnt. His influence was so great He was a weaver in humble life till his self­ at Florence, that for several years he guid­ acquired attainments attracted patronage. ed the state as its sovereign; but when he 1819. The steamship Savannah, started attacked the corruptions of the church of from Savannah, Ga., for Liverpool, being Rome and the infamous conduct of pope the first passage of the Atlantic attempted Alexander VI, neither his purity nor his by steam. She arrived in Liverpool on popularity could save him from destruc­ ihe 22d June, having consumed her fuel tion. in ten days. She visited Stockholm and 1533. CRANMER pronounced sentence of St. Peter:.burg before her return, which divorce between Henry VIII and Catharine was in December following. of Arragon. 1819. HUGH WILLIAMSON, an American 1609. The company of South Virginia physiciau, scholar and statesman, died, not realizing the expected profit from its aged 83. He assiJited in framing the colony, obtained from king James a new federal ,constitution, and made himself charter, with more ample privileges. Their /;I.serul W .!tis ~untrJ ill. va.rious ways. territory extended 400 miles on the Atlall- May 23.) EVERY DAYBOOK. 203 tic coast, and" from the Atlantic westward I fealed by the allies, consisting of Austrians, to the South sea." Prussians, British, Hanoverians, Hessians 1610. The English wrecked on the island and Dutch. of Bermudas (;;ee July 24), having built 1794. CECILE REGliAULT attempted to two small ves:;els and paid the ~eams with assassinate Robespierre and Collot d'Her­ lime and tortoise oil, arrived in them at bois. the settlement of Jamestown; they found 1798. The rebellion of the united Irish- the inhilbitants reduved from 500 to 60, by men commenced. . famine; aud seeing no other means of 1798. Lady EDWARD FITZGERALD, the ce­ preserving them than by abandoning the lehrated Pamela, daughter of the dllke of country, they took them all on board, Orleans, orderbd to quit the kingdom. with the intention of returning to England. 1808. ]{jots among the English weavers At this juncture lord Delaware arrived on account of wages. with three ships, 150 men, and plenty of 1812. LOUIS DUTENS, a French miscel- provisions, and settled the colony. laneous writer, died. 1679. It was discovered that 27 mem- 1815. G. HENRY ERNEST MUEHLEli'Bt'RGH, bers of the English parliament had been an Ameriean Lutheran divine, died. He pensioners on the government. was a man of extensive science, particular­ 1692. 'l'hird action off La Hoglle, be- ly emin'lUt as a botanist. tween the British and French fleets; 6 1816. Massacre of the Christians by the ships of the latter burnt. Turks at Bona in Algiers. 1701. WILLIAM KIDD with others execut- 1836. EDWARD LIVINGSTON, an eminent ed at Execution dock, London, for piracy. American jurist, died. He was a native of In America eVAry reminiscence of Kidd New York, and after holding various of­ has yet an air of romance. flees, removed to New Orleans, where on 1706. Battle of Ramilles, in Belgium, the invasion of Louisiana by the British, between the French under Villeroy, and he offered his services to general Jaekson, the allies under the duke of Marlborough, and acted as aid. He was aftcrwards se­ in which th!llatter were signally victorions. cretary of state at Washin,..ton and minis­ The armies contained about 60,000 men ter to France, in which offives he manifest­ each; the loss of the Fren0h was 15,000, ed distinguished ability. that of the allies 4,000. 1841. SAMCEL DALE, an cminent pioneer 1720. The French Mississippi scheme, in the settlement of the southwest, died projected by John Law, dissolved, like in Lauderdale county, Mississippi. He was those bright floating circles which amuse remarkabhi for his courage and bodily and vex the hopes of children of a lesser strength, and distinguished for his contests growth. with the Indians, and as an officer in the 1752. WM. BRADFORD, a noted American la.~t war with England. printer, died, aged 94. He established the 1848. Freedom of the negroes proclaimed first printing office in Philadelphia, and at St. Pierre, Martinique; an insurrection also in New York. He was government followed, and several houses and 32 per­ printer more than fifty years, aud is said sons were burnt. to have walked over a great part of the city 1850. GRlNNELL'S ships of discovery of New York on the day he died. sailed from New York iIi search of sir John 1764. FRANCIS ALGAROTTI died; an Ita- Franklin. lian, eminent as a connoisseur and critic 1851. RICHARD LALOR SHEIL, a British in every branch of belles-lettres, and an statesman aHd dramatist, died at Florence, author of repute. aged 59. He was minister of queen Vic- 1783. JAMES OTIS, an American patriot toria at the court of Tuscany. and statesman, killed by lightning. He 1855. The state of siege and blockade was one of the most zealous and active of the island of Cuba was withdrawn. promoters of the revolution. 1785. WILLIAM WOOLLET, a celebrated English historical and landscape engraver, MAY 24. died. The death of general Wolfe from West's painting is probably his best. 1085. GREGORY VII (Hildebrand), pope, 1786. MAURITIUS AUGUSTUS BENYOWSKY, died. He was the son of a carpenter, and an extraordinary Hungarian adventurer, when raised to the papal throne embroiled killed on the island of Madagascar in an himself in disputes and di"sensions till he action with the French. was compelled to retire. 1783. South Carolina adopted the federal 1153. DAVID I, king of Scotland, died. constitution, recommending amendments, He m"rried Maud, daughter of Willi"m the being the 8th state in succession; votes conqueror, and is characterized as a mild 149 to 73. and popular king. 1793. Battle of Famars; the French de- 1276. A capitation tax of three pennies 204 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 24.

laid on every Jew in England above the own chariot, and "dispensed good punch age of 12 years, and all above the age of 7 from golden bowls." to wear a yellow badge. 1775. JOHN HANCOCK elected president 1357. EDWARD the black prince, condnct­ of congress; he succeeded Peyton Ran­ ed his captive, John, king of France, dolph in that office. through the city of London, in triumph. 1777. Colonel MEIGS made a successful 1430. JOAN OF ARC, after performing attack on the British stores at Sag harbor, prodigies of valor, 'deserted and alone, was destroyed 12 British brigs and schooners, taken prisoner by the English, after her and great quantities of stores, and brought horse was slain, in a sally from Com­ away 90 British prisoners, without sustain­ piegne. ing any loss. 1543. NICHOLAS COPERNICUS, the great 1786. CHARJ.ES WILLIAM SCHEELE, an astronomer, died, aged 70. After a con­ eminent Swedish chemist, died. His dis­ stant devotion of 43 years to the study, he coveries were numorous, though his ex­ produced his immortal work, De Ormum periments were made under great disad­ CfElestium Revolutionibus. The work was vantages. excommunicated by the pope, and although 1792. GEORGE BRYDGES, lord Rodney, a the planets coutinued their revolutions, it eelebrated British admiral, died, aged 74. was not till 278 years after, namcly, in 1794. Battle of the Sambre, in the 1821, that the papal court annulled the Netherlands, in which general Kannitz de­ sentence! feated the French, who lost 3,000 taken 1551. VON PANNIS, an eminent surgeon prisoners, and 50 eannon. of England, burnt to death for denying 1798. Several battles were fought at dif­ the divinity of Christ. ferent places between the English troops 1572. DRAKE sailed from England on and United Irishmen, in which the latter his voyage of reprisal to the West-Indies, were generally defeated. against the Spanish. 1811. The Seringapatam, prize to the 1612. ROBERT CECIL, earl of Salisbury, United States frigate Essex, capt. Gal):lble, died; an English statesman, the ablest captured by the British sloop of war minister of his time. Cherub, at the Sandwich islands. 1651. LOUIS XIV of France purchased 1814. Pope PIUS VII, whose powers had of the West-India company, for the bene­ been abridged by Napoleon, made his fit of the knights of Malta, the islands of grand public entry into Rome, to resume St. Christopher, St. Bartholomew, St. Mar­ the throne. tin and San Cruz, for the sum of 120,000 1822. Battle of Pichinca, fought near livres turnois. (See August 10,1665.) the volcano of that name. The Columbians 1663. South Carolina erected into a se­ under Sucre succeeded in gaining the parate province. First permanent settle­ vicinity of Quito by marching over the ment began in 1669; original charter in­ froz'1n mountains of Cotopaxi, by which, cluded North Carolina and Georgia. and several other daring movements, the 1686. An eruption of mount lEtna, Spaniards were compelled to hazard a which extended its ravages four leagues battle, and sustained a total defeat. The around, and buried several persons alive. patriots thus became possessed of the en­ 1689. Passage of the well known tolera­ tire provinee, with all the Spanish maga­ tion act of England, which so greatly re­ zines and stores, and the road to Peru was lieved the dissenters. left open to Bolivar. 1692. Four days' action off La Hogue; 1833. JOHN RANDOLPH, of Roanoke, an the remainder of the French ships, seven American statesman, died, aged 60. He in number, and a great many transports was a descendant in the 7th generation, and ammunition ships burnt. from Pocahontas, the Indiart woman who 1698. Pere GERBlLLON, a Jesuit mis­ saved the life of capt. Smith, and was dis­ sionary, set out on his eighth and last tinguished for genius, eloquence and ec­ journey to Tartary, in the train of the centricity. Chinese grandees, sent by the emperor to 1839. \VILLIAM LEGGEI', an American hold an assembly of the Kalka Tartars, poet, and miscellaneous writer, died. He who had been several years in rebellion, was a man of talent, and employed by and to regulate the affairs of the country. government as charge d' affaire to Centra1 (See April 1, Oct. 13.) America. 1715. WILLIAM READ died; originally a 1844. JAMES THATCHER, a surgeon of the cobler, became a mountebank, and prac­ revolutionary army and author of the Mi­ ticed medicine by the light of nature! litary Journal and History of Plymouth, died Queen Anne and George I honored him at Plymouth, Mass. with the care of their eyes I He could 1845. WILLIAM RAMSAY died in Boone neither write nor read, but such was the county, 1\10., aged 104. Early a pioneer success of his practice, that he rode in his and Indian fighter in Kentucky. May 25.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 205

MAY 25. river, 70 boats and other property; burnt the chur6h and several dwellings at War­ 535 B. c. The foundations of the second ren, and a church and 22 hosses at Bristol. temple at Jerusalem, laid by the children oj 1780. Two regiments of Washington's the captivity, by permission of Cyrus, on troops mutinied; but were persuaded to the twenty-fifth of Sivan. return to theirduty. 67 B. C. TITUS VESPASIAN took the city 1798. CHARLES JA~IES Fox, had his name of Joppa, in Galilee, by assault, on the stricken by the king from the list of privy 25th of the month Drusius. councillors, for giving as a toast at the 337. CONS1'ANTINE the Great died, hav­ meeting of the'Vhig club, "The sov­ ing divided the empire among his chil­ ercignty of the pcople." dren and nephews. 1798. ASMUS JACOH CARSTENS, a distin­ 709. AWHE~r, an English divine, died; guished German artist, died. He was the said to have been the first Englishman son of a miller, and raised himself to who cultivated poetry. eminence by his great talent and genius 1261. AI,EXANDER IV, pope, died. He as a painter. l,estowed the crown of Sicily OU Edmund, 1798. A party of United Irishmen de­ son of the king of England, and attempted feated near Dublin with great slaughter; to unite the Greek and Latin churches. many of those taken were executed. 1315. EDWAIm BRUCE invaded Ireland 1802. GEORGE FORDYCE, died; an emi­ with 6000 men. " He fought many battles nent Scottish physician and writer on and gained them all," and was fot a brief medicine and chemistry. period king of the country. 1803. BONAPARTE constituted all Eng­ 1427. ALEXANDER, lord of the isles, per­ lishmen between 18 and 60 years of age, fonned penance of submission to king found in the French territory, prisoners James in his shirt and drawers, before the of war, and ordered the capture of British congregation of Holyrood church. vessels. 1510. GEORGES n'A~IBoISE, a French 1805. WILLIAM PAM~Y died; a learned cardinal and statesman, died; a great English divine and writer on ethics. His benefactor to France. Evidences oj Christianity is one of the 1622. PETRUS PLANClUS, who with others ablest defences of the Christian religion contributed so much to the discovery of that has ever appeared. New Netherland and other countries, died 1812. EDMUND MALONE, an Irish attorney, at Amsterdam. died. He is celebrated as the editor of 1625. 'VILLIAM BARLOWE, died; celebra­ Shakpeare, and published several biogra­ ted as the discoverer of the nature and phies. properties of the lQadstone. 1818. DAVID MITCHELL, a major-general 1630. Eight Englishmen left by mis­ in the war of the American revolution, chance in Greenland by their ship, were died, aged 77. He was the friend of found on this day by their countrymen, Logan, the Indian, and had fought the having ,by good economy and wise expe­ Indians in 27 battles. dients, succeeded in passing the winter 1830. The French expedition against without loss of life. (See Jan. 14, 1634, Algiers sailed from Toulon, consisting of and Ap. 16, 1634.) 34,160 men, under the command of Gen­ 1681. DON PEDRO DE LA BARCA, a noble eral Bourmont, aud succeeded in reducing Spanish dramatist, died; who together that barbarous kingdom to a French pro­ with Lope de Vega, gave law to and vince. polished the Spanish theatre. His works 1840. Singular phenomenon in lake comprise 10 vols. quarto. Erie, at Toledo; the water rising to the 1743. JAMES ANTONY ARLAUD, a celebrat­ height of four feet above its ordinary level ed Swiss painter, died. in the space of a few hours, without any 1760. Insurrection of the negroes in apparent cause. The water aud the Jamaica. The loss to the island, in human weather were calm and still, and no un­ flesh and blood, was $500,000. usual commotion was observable, as the 1775. Sir GUY JOHNSON, called an Indian bay gradually rose nearly a foot higher council at Guy Park, where the Mohawks than ever before known. alone attended; his object being to provide 1843. One hundreth anniversary of the against a rumored attack upon his person Am. Philosophical Society, founded by by the revolutionists. Franklin at Philadelphia. It is the oldest 1775. Generals Howe, Clinton and Bur­ scientific association this side of the Atlan­ goyne, arrived at Boston. tic. 1776. Congress resolved to engage the services of the Indians. 1778. About 500 British and Hessians from Rhode Island destroyed at Kickmut 206 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 26.

MAY 26. 1746. TrroMAS SOUTHERN, an English dramatist, died. 604. AUGUSTINE (alias Austin), first arch­ 1766. JOHN LAURENCE BERTI, a learned bishop of Canterbury, died. He was monk of 'Tuscany, died; author of about originally a monk, and was sent into Brit­ 20 quarto volumes of divinity. ain with 40 others to convert the English 1781. Congress resolved to establish the Saxons to Christianity. bank of North America, being the first 735. BEDE (the venerable), a learned Eng­ regularly established bank in the coun­ lish monk, died. He passed his life in try. severe study, and wrote an ecclesiastic­ 1782. WILLIAM EMERSO:;, an eminent al history from Julius Cresar to his own English mathematician, died. His know­ age. ledge was very extensive, and his works 946. EmwND I, king of the Anglo Sax­ accurate. ons, killed by an outlaw named Liof, at 1784. Musical festival in Westminster the age of 23. He was distinguished for abbey, in commemoration of the birthday personal courage, as well as taste for of Handel. This was the greatest concert elegance and splendor, whence he was ever known; the number of performers called the munijkent. was 525; 275 vocal, 250 instrumental. 1416. JEROME of Prague made the fear­ The sum produced was over $12,000. less declaration that he was a supporter of 1794. The French convention decreed the doctrines of Wickliffe and Huss, for that no quarters be given to British and whIch he suffered martyrdom. Hanoverian soldiers. But the French 1512. BAYAZID II, sultan of Turkey, troops refused to execute the decree. died on the journey to Denitoka, his birth 1795. The Ottoman Porte acknowledged place, whither he was retiring, having re­ the French republic. signed the government to his son, Selim, 1798. Battle of Tarah and defeat of the who had rebelled against him. United Irishmen. 1536. FRANC;SCO BERNI, a Tuscan poet, 1799. JAMES BURNETT, lord Monboddo, died. He is the principal writer of Halian died. He was one of the lords of session jocose poetry, which has ever since retain­ in Scotland, and a philosophical writer of ed the name of poesia Bernesca. considerable learning, but of peculiar no­ 1568. An estoddfod of the Welsh bards tions. and minstrels held at Cayroes by commis­ 1809. FRANCIS JOSEPH HAYDN, the cele­ sion of queen Elizabeth, when the great brated musical composer, died. His works prize of the silver harp was adjudged to are numerous and highly valued. Simon ap Williams ap Sion. 1811. JAMES PUL1'ENEY, a wealthy Eng­ 1595. PHILIP NERI, founder of the ora­ lish baron, died; whose income was torians, died. He was noted for his $250,000 per annum. benevolence, and established a Iwspice for 1813. Cannonade between forts George the accommodation of pilgrims, which has and Niagara, and bombardment from all become one of the finest in Rome. the batteries. 1608. Sir THOMAS SACKVILLE, thatgreat 1814. JOSEPH IGNACE GUILLOTIN, a French servant of Apolio and the state, interred physician, who revived the use of the with pomp at 'Vestminster. " There instrument known as the maiden, died at never was a better treasurer," observes sir Paris, aged 76. Richard Baker, " both for the king's profit 1824. CAPEL LOFFT, an English poet and the good of the subject." aud miscellaneous writer, died in Italy. 1623. FRANCIS ANTHONY, an English He was the patron of Blqomfield. chemist, died; who took advantage of his 1831. Battle of Ostroleuka, between knowledge to impose upon the credulous 55,000 Russians and 20,000 Poles, in which and uuwary, by selling his panacea of the latter were defeated. potable gold. 1836. WILLIAM YOUNG OTTLEY, keeper 1637. Fort Mistic, garrisoned by a large of the prints in the British museum, died. body of Indians nnder their grand sachem He was for half a century actively devoted Sassacus, taken by assault, and about 70 to his favorite pursuit of the fine arts, wigwams burnt. and is honorably known as an artist, a 1689. Battle at the pass of Killicrankie, collector, and an author. remarkable for the defeat of king William's 1838. WILLIAM BUTLEU died at Phila­ troops by the Highlanders under lord delphia, aged 108. Dundee. 1840. WILJ,IAM SIDNEY SMITH, admiral 1685. JOHN MARsrrAM died; a learned of the red, died at Paris, aged 76. lIe was English chronologist. one of the most celebrated naval officers 1703. SAMUEL PEPYS, a learned English­ of the last age, and distinguished himself man, died; celebrated for his collection of on various occasions by his talents and valuable documents, &c. courage. May 26.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 207

1844. JACQUES LAFITTE, the French English judge, died; author of several banker, died. works on the law. 1848. By a fire which occurred in the 1541. MARGARET, countess of Salisbury, omnibus establishment of Kip & 13rown, beheaded in the tower, at the age of 70. New York, 130 horses were burnt. She was the mother of the celebrated car­ 1852. SAMUEL NOTT, for a long time dinal Pole, and the last of the royal line regarded as the patriarch of the clergy of of Plantagenet. New England, died in Franklin, Conn., 1564. JOHN CALVIN, the great reformer, aged 98. He graduated at Yale college in died. lIe was a man of eminent talents, 1780, and two years after settled at Frank­ s'llid judgment and extensive learning. lin, where he spent the remainder of his His great rigor, however, procured him protracted life. He was also engaged in many enemies; indeed it ill became a the business of instruction, and was a refor1¥r to defend, as he did, the burning maker of public men. He was injured by of heretics. a burn, and died of the effects of the 1600. Matins of Moscow, so called from accident. the time of the day when princ'\. Deme­ 1853. The yellow fever made its appear­ trius and all his Polish adherenfs were ance at New Orleans; the number of vic­ massacred at 6 in the morning. tims during the season was 8,186, the 1602. The· colony accompanying Gos­ greater part of whom died in August and nold fixed upon a place of settlement, on September. the western part of Elizabeth island in 1854. AYGUS PATTERSON, for a long time Narraganset bay. On a rocky islet in the president of the senate of South Carolina, centre of a fresh water pond two miles in died at Barnwell, in that state. circuit they commenced erecting a fort and J854. A great crowd III Boston, excited store house. (See June 18.) by inflammatory speeches, attacked the 1610. FRANCIS RAVAILLAC, the fanatic court house and attempted to rescue the who assassinated Henri Q"utre, (see M"y negro, Anthony Burns, under aTTest as a 14,) was executed by bdng drawn and fugitive from servitude. A special assist­ quartered by four horses. ant of the United States marshal was 1647. PETER STUYVESAYT, a man of killed, but the object of the riot was not learning and a soldier, the last Dutch effected. governor of New York, arrived at New 1855. An imperial ukase ordered that Amsterdam, and superseded Kieft. all the serfs in certain of the Russian 1648. VINCENT VOITURE, an elegant states, between the ages of 30 and 35, French writer, died. He wrote verses with should be enrolled. elegance in I<'rench, Spanish and Italian, and was a polisher of his native language in a barbarous age. MAY 27. 1679. Engli.'lh act of habeas corpus pass­ ed; the act suspending it was repealed, 346 B. C. PHILIP of Macedon took pos­ probably forever, 1818. session of Phocis upon the 27th Sciropho­ 1681. "The sweet singers" of the city rion, and the towels were soon after dis­ of Edinburgh renounced the printed Bible mantled, which terminated the ten years' at the Canon gate tolbooth,alld all unchaste war. thoughts, words and actions, and burned 1199. HUBERT, archbishop of Canter­ all story books, ballads, romances, &c. bury,made lord chancellor in consideration 1694. The French under marshal de of his services in crowning king John. Noailles defeated the Spaniards near the 1257. RICIIARD, brother to Henry III, river Tel', and took Gerona. crowned at Aix la Chapelle, king of the 1702. DOMINIC BOUHOURS, a French Je­ Romans. suit, died; celebrated as a learned writer 1520. CORTEZ, with 250 men, without and critic. horses, or any other arms than pikes, 1703. St. Petersburg founded by Peter swords, shields and daggers, attacked the the great. Its present population is about well appointed expedition under Narvaez, one-third that of London. sent against him by the governor of Cuba, 1721. The Weekly Jo"mal er Saturday's consisting of about 1400 men, which was Post of this date adjudged to contain libel­ defeated and gained over to his party. ous matter against the government of Thus the almost dispirited advl'nturer sud­ England. denly found himself again at the head of a 1723. GEORGE I assented to the bill for more numerous army than ever,consisting the banishment of bishop Atterbury, whose of nearly 2000 Spanish troops, about a hun­ great virtues are now remembered. dred horses and 18 vessels, and a great 1725. CHARLES DE LA RUE, a French sufficiency of ammunition. Jesuit, died; distinguished as an orator and 1538. ANTHONY FITZHERBERT, an able poet and a professor of belles-lettres. 208 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 27.

1728. CHARLES LEOPOLD, duke of Meck­ 1850. The temple of Nauvoo, erected by lenburgh, deposed by the emperor of Ger­ the J\formons, finished in 1845, partially many. burnt in Octobel' 1~48, having but its four 1775. Battle at Noddle's island, near walls left-all its timber works having Boston; the British defeated by the Amer­ been consumed by the flames-.was de­ icans underPutnam and Warren, who had stroyed by a hurricane. but 3 men wounded. British loss 200, together with an armed schooner and some stores. MAY 28. 1776. ARNOLD with about 900 Americans captured the British post at the Cedars 812. St. WILLIAM, of Aquitaine, died. He without any resistance, and retook 500 distinguished himself by his valor against American prisoners. the Saracens, under Charlemagne. 1777. BUTTON GWINNETT, one of the 1089. LAN~'RANC, archbishop of Canter­ signers, died of a wound received in a bury, died. He was an Italian, and has duel. the character of a great statesman, as well 1779. THOS. NUGENT, a distinguished as a learned prelate. lexicographer, died. His French and 1220. Pope IIONORIUS issued a decree English dietionary has much merit. that no person in England should keep in 1781. Lord CORNWALLIS, with a vastly his hands more than two of the royal superior force, compelled the marquis La castles; intended to check the encroaching Fayette to evacuate Richmond. barons. 1794. .Battle of Kaiserslautern, in which 1il5 7. ALPIIONSO IV, of Portugal, died. the Prussian general Mollendorf surprised He was an able prince, benevolent, and the French camp, killed 1000, and took warred with the Moors. 2000 prisoners, and 20 cannon. 1500. D~ CABRAL'S fleet encountered a 1798. Battle of Oulart Hill; the United violent storm; 4 of his vessels ran foul of Irishmen under father Murphy defeated each other and sunk. Bartholomew Diaz, the English, and massacred all but five. the Portuguese navigator, who first dou­ Same day, a large body of Irishmen de­ bled the cape of Good Hope, was lost here. feated at Kilthomas hill, 150 killed, and 1576. The first newspaper printed in 100 cabins and 2 chapels burnt. England was the Liverpool Times of this 1799. Addison's library sold by auction date; it is said to be published at tbe pre­ in London on this and the three following sent day. days, 70 years after his death, when it 1583. The printing of the Vandalie Bible brought about $2,000. commenced at Wittemberg, by Samuel 1811. RICHARD PENN, one of the proprie­ Seelfish, at the expense of the state of tors, and governor of Pennsylvania before Carniola, wbich paid 8,000 florins for 1,500 the revolution, died in England. copies. 1811. HENRY DUNDAS, lord Melville, a 1661. The marquis of ARGYLE beheaded distinguished British statesman, died. at Edinburgh and his head set upon the 181il, The American army landed in Tolbooth. Canada under cover of, the fire from Chaun­ 1672. Battle of Southwold bay, in which cey's fleet,and carriedfort George by assault. the Dutch admiral De Ruyter with 91 The vanguard landed first, consisting of ships of the line and 44 frigates and fire­ :Forsyth's riflemen, and tbe Albany and ships, engaged the combined fleets of Baltimore volunteers, under Col. Scott. France and England, consisting of 130 1817. A Tunisian corsair of 12 guns, sail, under the command of the duke of with two prizes, under Oz Maney, were York, afterwards James II, and the admi­ captured near Dover, England, by two ral. count d'Estrees. 'I'he conflict was ter­ British revenue cutters. rible. 'I'he allies had a trifling advantage, 1832. St. Jean d'Acre in Palestine taken and tbe Dutch retired to the coast of Hol­ from the Turks by the pasha of Egypt. land. 1840. Great freshet in the Savannah 1672. EDWARD MONTAGUE, earl of Sand­ river; the city of Augusta and town of wich, drowned in the confnsion of the Hamburgh entirely submerged; the water battle of Southwold bay. He was dis­ rising il5 feet above low water mark. The tinguished as a statesman, general, admi­ destruction of property was very great. ral, and writer. 1840. Baron PAGANINI, the most cele­ 1672. War declared in Boston against brated violinist the world ever produced, the Dutch; the first declaration of war in died at Nice, in Italy, aged 57, leaving a the colonies. large fortune. (See June 27, 1819.) 1673. Action between the English and 1848. The princess SOPIIIA, 12th child French fleets, under prince Rupert, and of George III of England, died, aged 71 ; the Dutch under De Ruyter, at Schonvelt; an amiable and benevolent lady. both sides claimed the victory. May 28.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 209

1701. Amm HILARION DE COSTENTIN DE 1808. RICHARD HURD, bishop of 'Worces­ TOURVILLE, a French admiral, died. He tel', died, aged 89. He was a learned man, distinguished himself against the AJger­ author of several literary productions, and ines and the Spaniards, but the battle of was offered the primacy, which he declined. La Hogue was fatal to his glory. 1810. The crown prince of Sweden 1708. Com. WAGER attacked and de­ killed by a fall from his horse. A circum­ stroyed the Spanish fleet near Carthagena. stance which led the way for the elevation 1736. :Madamoiselle SALLE, a famous of Bernadotte. danseuse at Paris, who piqued herself upon 1818. First steam boat on lake Erie her reputation, instituted an order there, (Walk in the Water), launched at Black of which she was president, by the name Rock. of the Indifferents. Both sexes were indis­ 1839. MICHAEL BUFF, a soldier of the criminatelyadmitted, after a nice scrutiny revolution, died in Oglethorpe co., Ga. into their qualifications. They had rites, He was under Gen. Forbes, 1758, and which no one was to disclose. The badge fought at the battles of Brandywine and of the order was a ribbon, striped black, Germantown. white and yellow, and the device some­ 1840. THOMAS HARVEY, a distinguished thing like an icicle. They took an oath officer in the British navy, died at Bermu­ to fight against love, and if any of the da, aged 65. members were particular in their regards, 1841. Capitulation of the city of Canton, they were excluded the order with ig­ which had forfeited previous stipulations nominy. with the British and resumed hostilities. 1745. JONATHAN RICHARDSON died; a The Chinese agreed to pay six millions of celebrated English painter of heads, and dollars in one week as a ransom for the city, an author. and that their troops should be withdrawn 1754. Battle at fort Duquesne; the 60 miles into the interior, and that all French and Indians defeated by the Amer­ losses sustained by the partial destruction icans under Washington. of the factories, should be paid. The sum 1781. American frigate Alliance, 32 was paid as stipulated. guns, Capt. Barry, captured British sloops 1843. NOAH 'WEBSTER, the American of war Atalanta, 16 guns, and Trespasser, lexicographer, died, age

Henry dispersed the 8,000 insurgents un­ badly wounded to proceed, and 53 taken der Scroop, by seizing the persons of their prisoners. leaders. 1780. Great meeting of the protestant 1453. Constantinople taken by the Turks association was held in Coachmakers' hall, under Mohammed II, which terminated London, lord George Gordon presiding, the Greek empire, after an existence of saying that he would not prescnt the peti­ ten centuries. Constantine XIII (Paleo­ tion unless signed by 20,000. logus), was killed, and the beautiful Irene, 1785. ANDREW COL1'EE DUCAREL, a French whose fate is dramatized by Johnson, was antiquary, died. His researches were con­ one of the captives. fined to England. 1545. DAVID BEATON, archbishop of St. 1790. ISRAEL PUTNAM, a revolutionary Andrews, assassinated. He was a great officer, died. He was one of the most dar­ persecutor of heretics, and united with ing, brave and intrepid officers of the great talents equally great vices. army, and his adventures almost border on 1588. 1'he Spanish armada, intended for romance. the annihilation of England, sailed from 1790. Rhode Island adopted the con­ the Tagus, under the duke of Medina Si­ stitution of the United States. adding the donia. The armament consisted of 92 gal­ 13th pillar to the federal edifice, by a ma­ leons, or large ships of the line, 4 galliases, jority of only 2-34 ayes, 32 noes; re­ 30 frigates, 30 transports for horse, and 4 commending amendments. galleys; on board whereof were 8,350 1793. The gcnen,l ass~mbly of Corsica, marines, 2,080 galley-slaves, and 19,290 consisting of 1,009 ddegates, unanimously land-forces. The fleet was dispersed by cxpellcd the Bonaparte family. a storm, and compelled to rendezvous at 1796. The floor of the methodist meeting Corunna for repairs. house at Leeds, England, gave way during 1593. JOlIN PEl

1848. THOMAS DICK LANDER, a distin­ strength ofhil'llittle army having doubled by guished Scottish literary writer, died. the supplies from Spain and the Antilles. 1849. SARAH J. HOWE, an American The Spanish troops, in proceeding to their poetess and literary writer, died at Louis­ posts, in commencing the siege, had ville. several engagements with the Mexicans. 1855. JESSE CmCKERING, an -American In attempting to break the aqueduct of statistician, died at Roxbury, Mass., aged Chapoltepec to cut off the water from the 57. He studied theology, and afterwards city, a powerful resistance was made. At medicine, but after a practice of ten years one assault, so thick was the shower of devoted himself to literature, and pro­ arrows, darts and stones, which were shot duced works on population and immigra­ at Wem, that 8 Spaniards were killed, and tion. more than fifty wounded, and they were 1856. The president transmitted to con­ with difficulty able to retreat to Tlaeopan, gress the announcement that he had ceased whcrn they encamped. to hold diplomatic intercourse with the 15:}!), FERDl:-lA:VD DE SOTO. landed on British minister, Mr. Crampton, on account the vVest coast of Florida, iu search of of his attempting to make enlistments for gold. He is supposed to have wandered the British service among the citizens of over many of the southern states; but be­ the United States. ing disappointed in his great object, he returned without effecting a settlement. MAY 30. 1574. CHARLES IX, of France, died, aged 25. It was during his reign that the 542. ARTHUR, a British prince, died. fatal massacre of St. Bartholomews took He was a victorious warrior against the place, which renders his name odious. surroundIng nations, and is celebrated as 1577. MAR'rIN FROllISHER, the English the founder of the knights of the round navigator, sailed on his second voyage for table at Winchester. the discovery of a north-west passage to 1216. Lou[s of France, at the invitation India. He coasted Greenland and Labra­ of the rebel English barons, crossed the dor, and returned with 200 tons of glitter­ channel with 680 sail, and landed at Sand­ ing stones and sand, which he had mis­ wich. taken for gold ore. 1252. The epoch of the Alphonsine 1640. PE1'ER PAUL RUBENS, the celebra­ tabfes, constructed by Hazan, a Jew, by ted Flemish painter, died. He was also a order of Alphonso the wise, commencing statesman, and a man of learning. with the day of his accession to the throne 1654. CHRISTI:-IA of Sweden abdicated of Leon and Castile. the throne, on which occasion she caused 1416. JEROME OF PRAGUE, burnt for the a medal to be struck, with the motto heresy of protestantism, at Constance, and " Parnassus is worth more than a throne.': suffered with great fortitude. 1658. Prince of Conde, at the head of 1431. JOAN OF ARC, the Maid of Orleans, 2000 cavalry, threw himself into Cambray burnt at Rouen, for sorcery and intercourse then besieged by marshal Turenne. ' with infernal spirits, by the Englisll. 1663. DENIS DE SALLO, the inventor of Chapelaine celebrated her in 12 times literaryjournals, published the first number 1200 verses; Southey has made her the of the French J01.rnal des Savans. subject of an epic, and Schiller of a tragedy. 1676. Hatfield, Mass., burnt by the In­ 1484. CHARLES Vln (the affable), inau­ dians. The town was attacked by about gurated at Rheims, in his 15th year. He 600 of the enemy, while th" men were all was met at the gates by a young damsel, out in the fields at work except one who habited as Flora, who delivered him the was very old. 'fhey burnt 12 houses and keys of the city. barns without the fortification, and drove 1498. COLUMBUS sailed from the port of away the cattle and sheep. The news of St. Lucar de Barrameda, with a squadron this affair having reached the neighboring of six vessels, on his third voyage of dis­ town of Hadley, 25 resolute young men covery, with additional powers. The In­ hastened to the scene of desolation and dians were to wear a mark of brass or lead charged the savages with such unda~nted coin about their necks, which were to be courage, that five or six of them fell at the exchanged for others on the payment tirst shot; and making their way through their tribute money. the thickest of the Indians, they threw 1521. The Spaniards under Cortez, in­ themselves into the garrison, with the loss vested Mexico with 917 Spaniards and of five of their number, who fell as they 75,000 Indians, which were soon increased were entering the town. The enemy, to 200,000. He had 86 horses, 3 large amazed at the resolution of this little band iron cannons, and 15 smaller of copper, and having lost 25 of their number, fled 1000 Castilian pounds of gun powder and from the place immediately, with their a large quantity of balls and arrows, the booty. 212 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 30.

1688. Pere GERBILLON, one of the French He contributed much information respect­ Jesuit Missionaries who accompanied Du ing the history and present condition of Halde to China, set out on his first journey Persia. into Tartary. lJis travels are published at 1837. CHRISTOPHER BROWNE, a soldier of length in the great work of Du HaIde. the revoltttion, died at Philadelphia, aged (See Ap. 1, 96; May 24, 98; Oct. 13, 98.) 107. 1718. BERNAlm NIEUWENTYD, a Dutch 1844. The Irish agitator DANIEL O'CoN­ writer on mathematics, died. NEL, sentenced to fine and imprisonment. 1744. ALEXANDER POPE died: the cele­ 1848. Battle of Goito, Italy; the Aus­ brated English poet and epistolary writer. trians defeated by the king of Sardinia. 1756. ELIZABETH ELSTOB, an English 1848. Ratifications of the treaty between literary lady, died. She was skilled in the United States and Mexico exchanged eight languages, and published a Saxon with the latter government at Quaretaro. grammar. 1848. General HERRERA elected president 1764. SIMON SACK, died at Trionia, aged of Mexico by 11 states against 5. 141. 1854. Three British steamers destroyed 1770. Fire works in honor of the mar­ the ships, dockyards and stores at Brahe­ riage of Louis XVI, of France, when about stadt, in the north of the gulf of Bothnia. 1100 persons were crushed to death in the 1854. The Turks made a sortie froI);l crowd. Silistria, and killed 3000 Russians in the 1775. Americans burnt the mansion trenches. house on Noddles island, and carried off 1854. PEREGRINE MAITLAND, a British the cattle. officer, died, aged 76. He served at 'Val­ 1778. MARIE FRANCIS AROUET DE VOL­ cheren, in the Peninsula at Corunna, and TAIRE, the celebrated French philosopher, at Waterloo. For his services on the died. He was an extraordinary man, of Nive as commander of the first brigade of whom it has been said, he was a free guards, he received a medal. He had been thinker in London, a Cartesian in Ver­ lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada and sailles, a Christian in Nancy, and an in­ Nova Scotia, and commander-in-chief of fidel in Berlin. In society, he was alter­ the Madras army. nately an Aristippus and a Diogenes. For 1856. The ship Pallas, sailingfrom Cork versatility of talent, his equal has, perhaps to Quebec, struck the breakers off St. Paul's never appeared. island and bilged; of 120 passengers 72 1796. Battle of Borghetto; Bonaparte were drowned. defeated the Austrians. 1799. 'rhe editor, printer and publisher of the London Courier, were fined and im­ MAY 31. prisoned for saying that the emperor of Russia was a tyrant among his own sub­ 1434. LADISLAUS IV, king of Poland, jects and ridiculous to the rest of Europe. died, aged 80; universally respected for 1801. JOHN MILLER, who wrote a his­ all those virtues which should grace a torical view of the English government throne. died at Glasgow. ' 1521. The siege of Mexico having been 1804. JEFFERSON issued a proclamation begun by Cortez, Sandoval with a division erecting the district of Mobile. of the Spaniards and more than 35,000 1806. Bonaparte issued a decree calling allies marched to the assault of the city of an assembly of Jewish deputies for the Iztapalapan, situated about 8 miles from purpose of forming a Sanhedrim.' Mexico, on the eastern border of the lake. 1813. American privateer Yankee, 16 Great havoc was made upon the people guns, captured British brig Thames, 14 and the city, devastated by fire. The in­ guns; cargo sold for $180,000. habitants attempting to escape by water, 1814. Treaty of Paris, between Louis were met by Cortez, who rushed among XVIII, and the allied sovereigns. The their frail boats with his brigantines, and latter left Paris the same day, on a visit to destroyed immense numbers of them. England. 1589. WALTER MILDMAY, an English 1826. JOHN BEATTY, a general officer in statesman, died; founder of Emanuel col­ the war of the American revolution, died. lege. 1832. JAMES MACKINTOSH, an English 1658. Kingston, Ulster county, N. Y., statesman, died; known by his Hutory of founded. ~ngland. He was employed principally 1672. Union between the colonies of III the affairs of India, during which he Massachusetts, Connecticut and Plymouth. found time for literary pursuits. 1680. CnRISTOPHER DAVENPOHT, died; a 1833. JOHN MALCOLM, a general in the learned Englishman, who became a Fran­ India service, died. He distinguished ciscan, and published several theological himself as a soldier, statesman and scholar, works. May 31.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 213 1707. SIMON PURICK, an English bishop, tasteful obelisk 100 feet high is raised to died, aged 80. He rose from the lowest his memory in his native Eskdale, Scot­ condition by his own worth. land. 1723. WILLIAM BAXTER, an English 1835. WILLIAM SMITH, an English states­ critic and grammarian, died, aged 73. Few man, died. He was 46 years a·member of litterateurs have commenced their career the British parliament. more unpromisingly; for at the age of 18 1839. Great 'Western steamship arrived he could neither read a word, nor could in New York from Bristol, in 13 days 8 he speak any thing but Welch; yet he hours, the shortest voyage from Europe to became a noted linguist, translated several America thp,retofore made. Latin authors, and compiled a Dictionary 1847. THOMAS CHALMERS, the eminent 0/ British .Jlntiquities. Scottish divine. whose powers of oratory 1731. PHII.IP WHARTON, died; an Eng­ were the admiration of the world, died at glish nobleman, remarkable for his eccen­ Edinburgh, aged 67. tricities. 1853. TrroMAs M. PETIT, director of the 1740. FREDERICK WILLIAM, kingofPrus­ United States mint, died at Philadelphia. sia, died. He was a wise and politic mon­ 1853. The second American arctic expe­ arch, who sought the prosperity of his dition left New York in search of Sir John subjects and the kingdom. ]<'ranklin, and for scientific purposes. 1745. Shah NADIR, defeated the Turks 1854. The British transport Europa, at Erzeroum. having troops on board, was totally de­ 1775. The Americans landed on Pettick's stroyed by fire opposite Brest, and 21 lives island, near Boston, and carried off 500 lost. sheep and 30 cattle. 1854. Three wagon loads of powder, 1778. Col. ETHAN ALLEN arrived from 11,250 pounds, exploded in the street at England, and was received with discharges Wilmington, Delaware, killing several per­ of cannon. sons, and badly injuring 75 houses in the 1779. Stoney Point evacuated by the vicinity. Americans, and taken possession of by 1855. CHARLOTTE NICHOLLS, died; an Gen. Clinton. English authoress under the nom de plume 1791. Punishment by the wheel abolish­ of Currer Bell. Her fame was established ed in France. by the novel of Jane Eyre. 1793. An armed force beset the palace 1855. '1'he propeller Arctic and barque of the Tuilleries, and demanded the ar­ Release, left Brooklyn navy yard under rest of the Brissotine party. command of Lieut. Hartstein, in search 1796. BONAPARTE dissolved the great of Dr. Kane and his companions in the council and took possession of Venice. Arctic sea. 1830. FREDERICK A. WILSON, inventor 1856. JOHN M. NILES, a Connecticut of gaslight, died at Paris. statesman, died, aged 68. He commenced 1832. MAXIMILIAN LAMARQUE, died at the practice of the law in Hartford, in 1816, Paris; a dintinguished F'rench officer, and and was concerned in establishing the defender of liberal principles. Hartford Times, which he principally edit­ 1833. JOHN MALCOLM, a distinguished ed. He held various offices with distinc­ philanthropist and faithful servant of the tion; among others that of post master English East India Company, died. A general under Mr. Van Buren.