3. Labelling of Sounds: Phonemic and Phonetic Transcription
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
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ee http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk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³´ '©G=4SQLÚ]I4V,©QH,6QI'L¨41JO8©V4NVQ©Z¯ÚOGNQ©WL ÚQMX]f,Q©I4NWx]'¨QMXÚMoÚN©WD,P]PH,Q©WH,Q]x©,1JO ,6©Z¯ÚG]KYE,©N¥P'H©WcS©,PSoÚWf©IcUQ©W¯ÚP]NQ©V ,GG©IUH6QG©,QWUVW,1QG©,1JO,6©Z¯ÚG]©VLÚPWELS©W ,NM8OO,©MXÚVIOZHQ©VHQV,W,YUHP©E4UV,1©V¥EG=HNWVOD,N© VHNVx©EU8W6Wf©IU,NZQWO,'©G=4SQLÚ]Z,O©oÚOV8NP ©ED,Q©WXÚ¥QU,©OH,W,G©,1JO,6©W¯ÚP]xNU,©H,W,1©QMXÚ©Z¯ ÚG'W©K4]©Q8©PLÚQ,1,Q©,1JO,6 3KRQHPLFWUDQVFULSWLRQIRU ³7KH-DSDQHVHIDVFLQDWLRQIRUWKH$QJOR6D[RQZRUOGFRQWLQXHV,QIDFW DVWKH1HZ<RUN7LPHVPDLQWDLQV(QJOLVKZRUGVKDYHEHFRPHWKHLUWRS LPSRUW )RUHLJQ WHUPV DUH FRQVLGHUHG IUHVK DQG LQWHUHVWLQJ DQG (QJOLVK ZRUGV VHHP WR EH SDUWLFXODUO\ XVHIXO ZKHQ VHQVLWLYH RU HPEDUUDVVLQJ VXEMHFWV OLNH VH[ DUH EURDFKHG )UHTXHQWO\ WKH -DSDQHVH ZLOO DOVR FRPELQHWZRXQUHODWHG(QJOLVKWHUPVFUHDWLQJDQHZZRUGWKDWKDVQR PHDQLQJLQ(QJOLVK´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