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/Ø∂µ¨ª∞™ ªπ®µ∫™π∞∑ª∞∂µ ®µ´ ®µ®≥¿∫∞∫ J.C. Wfppw, Urkzfvwkx} Csppfhf Lsresr 1. Introduction Pjsrfxkd xvarwdvktxksr kw xjf ywf sg tjsrfxkd w}qcspw xs vftvfwfrx wtffdj wsyrew. Iefapp}, fadj wsyre kr a wtsofr yxxfvardf kw vftvfwfrxfe c} a {vkxxfr tjsrfxkd w}qcsp, ws aw xs gyvrkwj a vfdsve wyggkdkfrx xs vfrefv tswwkcpf xjf addyvaxf vfdsrwxvydxksr sg xjf yxxfvardf. Tjf xvarwdvktxksr w}wxfq {kpp kr hfrfvap vfgpfdx xjf tjsrfxkd arap}wkw kqtswfe c} xjf xvarwdvkcfv sr xjf qaxfvkap. Ir tavxkdypav, xjf djskdf sg w}qcsp wfx {kpp xfre xs vfgpfdx efdkwksrw acsyx (k) wfhqfrxaxksr sg xjf parhyahf eaxa are (kk) kxw tjsrfqkdk~axksr sv tjsrspshkdap xvfaxqfrx. Ir tvadxkdf xjf waqf eaxa wfx qa} cf xvarwdvkcfe kr qsvf xjar srf {a}. Dkggfvfrx xvarwdvktxksr w}wxfqw qa} cf attvstvkaxf gsv ekggfvfrx tyvtswfw. Sydj tyvtswfw qkhjx krdpyef efwdvktxkzf tjsrfxkdw, xjfsvfxkdap tjsrspsh}, parhyahf tfeahsh}, pf|kdshvatj}, wtffdj are parhyahf xjfvat}, dsqtyxfvk~fe wtffdj vfdshrkxksr are xf|x-xs-wtffdj w}rxjfwkw. Eadj sg xjfwf jaw kxw s{r vfuykvfqfrxw. 2. Phonetic symbols Fsv qswx tjsrfxkdkarw, xjf w}qcsp wfx sg djskdf kw xjf aptjacfx sg xjf Irxfvraxksrap Pjsrfxkd Awwsdkaxksr, ors{r aw xjf Irxfvraxksrap Pjsrfxkd Aptjacfx (IPA). Tjkw kw a wfx sg acsyx a jyrevfe aptjacfxkd w}qcspw (f.h. -, .) xshfxjfv {kxj a jaregyp sg rsr-aptjacfx w}qcspw (f.h. xjf pfrhxj qavo /) are acsyx xjkvx} ekadvkxkdw (f.h. xjswf f|fqtpkgkfe kr x0,0 12)2 . Tjf} avf wyqqavk~fe sr xjf IPA Cjavx (gkh. 1) are tvfwfrxfe, xshfxjfv {kxj hykefpkrfw gsv xjfkv ywf, kr xjf IPA Harecsso (Nspar are Ewpkrh, 1999), {jkdj vftpadfe xjf favpkfv Pvkrdktpfw cssopfx (Jsrfw, 1949). ®µ∫™π∞∑ª∞ $++ ´∂™ Tjf IPA kw rsx xjf srp} tjsrfxkd aptjacfx kr ywf. Ssqf wdjspavp} xvaekxksrw efzkaxf kr xvkzkap tavxkdypavw (f.h. c} xjf ywf sg 8 kr tpadf sg IPA 9, sv } gsv IPA m), sxjfvw kr a wycwxarxkap ryqcfv sg xjf w}qcspw ywfe (f.h. xjf Darkwj ekapfdx aptjacfx, gkh. 2: Jfwtfvwfr, 1890). Wjfvf xjf psdap parhyahf, sv xjf parhyahf cfkrh xayhjx, kw {vkxxfr kr a rsr- Laxkr wdvktx, tjsrfxkd w}qcspw gsv tfeahshkdap sv pf|kdshvatjkd tyvtswfw qa} cf cawfe sr xjf psdap wdvktx, f.h. C}vkppkd (gkh. 3) sv oara (gkh. 4). Ezfr {jfvf xjf psdap parhyahf kw {vkxxfr kr xjf Laxkr aptjacfx, IPA w}qcspw qkhjx cf myehfe yrgaqkpkav are ywfv-yrgvkfrep}. Tjyw kr Erhpkwj-wtfaokrh dsyrxvkfw ~j kw sgxfr ywfe aw ar krgsvqap w}qcsp dsvvfwtsrekrh xs IPA @, {jkpf kr Tyvof} A qkhjx cf ywfe vaxjfv xjar IPA 9. Ssqf ekdxksravkfw akqfe ax raxkzf wtfaofvw sg Erhpkwj axxfqtx xs wjs{ xjf tvsryrdkaxksr sg a {sve frxkvfp} c} gspps{krh xjf dsrzfrxksrw sg xjf Erhpkwj svxjshvatj} (a tvadxkdf tfvjatw cfxxfv xfvqfe BvfwtfppkrhC vaxjfv xjar BxvarwdvktxksrC). Ir tvadxkdf xjfwf dsrzfrxksrw avf krwyggkdkfrx: gsv f|aqtpf, Erhpkwj wtfppkrh esfw rsx krekdaxf {sve wxvfww, are xjfvf kw rs yraqckhysyw {a} sg krekdaxkrh dfvxakr zs{fp uyapkxkfw. Ss svekrav} wtfppkrh dsrzfrxksrw qa} cf wyttpfqfrxfe c} xjf ywf sg ekadvkxkdw kr wydj w}qcspw aw D (= IPA aF), sv kreffe a wtvkropkrh sg IPA w}qcspw wydj aw G. Oxjfv ekdxksravkfw ywf frxkvf xvarwdvktxksr w}wxfqw cawfe sr ae-jsd ekadvkxkdw, ywkrh wydj w}qcspw aw Ï (= IPA fF). Bfx{ffr 1970 are 2000 kr Bvkxakr, xjsyhj rsx kr xjf Urkxfe Sxaxfw, xjfwf rsr-wxareave w}wxfqw {fvf pavhfp} wyttparxfe kr hfrfvap pf|kdshvatj} c} xjf ywf sg IPA. Urxkp xjf vfdfrx efzfpstqfrx sg dsqtyxfvw acpf xs jarepf pavhf djavadxfv wfxw, ayxjsvw sg tvkrxfe qaxfvkapw {js {arxfe xs ywf IPA jazf sgxfr gadfe x}tshvatjkdap ekggkdypxkfw, wkrdf rsr-wtfdkapkwx tvkrxfvw {sype sgxfr cf yracpf xs tvszkef xjf wtfdkap w}qcspw. Skrdf xjf 1990w xjkw tvscpfq jaw ekwattfavfe, aw gkvwx dywxsqk~fe wkrhpf-c}xf tjsrfxkd gsrxw are xjfr qypxk-c}xf Urkdsef gsrxw jazf cfdsqf azakpacpf, xshfxjfv {kxj xjf attpkdaxksrw xjax dar ywf xjfq (Wfppw, 2003). Nfzfvxjfpfww, xjfvf avf ®µ∫™π∞∑ª∞ $++ ´∂™ qar} dkvdyqwxardfw L wydj aw fqakp L yrefv {jkdj xjf vscywx xvarwqkwwksr sg wtfdkap w}qcspw darrsx cf vfpkfe ytsr. Tjfvf kw wxkpp a tpadf, xjfvfgsvf, gsv {a}w sg vftvfwfrxkrh tjsrfxkd w}qcspw ywkrh rsxjkrh cyx xjf ASCII djavadxfv wfx. Orf {kefp} ywfe ASCIIk~axksr sg xjf IPA kw SAM PA (gkh. 5; Wfppw, 1997; {{{.tjsr.ydp.ad.yo/jsqf/waqta). Fsv xjf vfqakrefv sg xjkw avxkdpf kx kw awwyqfe xjax xvarwdvktxksr {kpp cf cawfe sr xjf IPA. Aw {kpp cfdsqf dpfav, js{fzfv, xjfvf kw rs yrkuyf BIPA xvarwdvktxksrC gsv a parhyahf: vaxjfv, xjfvf qa} cf wfzfvap w}wxfqw, app ywkrh xjf IPA aptjacfx are app fuyapp} wdkfrxkgkd. 3. Impressionistic vs. systematic Or gkvwx f|tswyvf xs ar yrors{r parhyahf, sv ar yrors{r ekapfdx sg a gaqkpkav parhyahf, xjf gkfpe{svofv esfw rsx ors{ {jax wsvx tjsrfxkd qaxfvkap kw hskrh xs cf frdsyrxfvfe. Urefv xjfwf dkvdyqwxardfw, a tjsrfxkdapp} yrxvakrfe scwfvzfv {kpp cf pkofp} xs vfgfv xjf krdsqkrh eaxa xs xjf ors{r tjsrfxkd daxfhsvkfw sg jfv s{r gkvwx parhyahf, sv xs xjswf sg wsqf sxjfv parhyahf {kxj {jkdj wjf kw gaqkpkav. Tjf xvakrfe scwfvzfv, sr xjf sxjfv jare, dar kefapp} vfgfv krwxfae xs hfrfvap tjsrfxkd daxfhsvkfw. (Tjf tyvtswf sg tjsrfxkd fav-xvakrkrh kw tvfdkwfp} xs fwxacpkwj wydj parhyahf-kreftfrefrx, hfrfvap-tjsrfxkd daxfhsvkfw kr xjf tjsrfxkdkarCw qkre.) Tjkw kw ar kqtvfwwksrkwxkd xvarwdvktxksr (Acfvdvsqckf, 1964: 35). Aw xjf wsyre w}wxfq kw krzfwxkhaxfe, ar} kqtvfwwksrkwxkd xvarwdvktxksr kw wycmfdx xs vfzkwksr. Cjavadxfvkwxkdw xjax {fvf krkxkapp} khrsvfe sv szfvpssofe qa} tvszf xs cf tjsrspshkdapp} vfpfzarx; dsrzfvwfp}, wsqf djavadxfvkwxkdw xjax {fvf rsxkdfe are rsxaxfe qa} tvszf xs cf tjsrspshkdapp} kvvfpfzarx. Tjyw gsv f|aqtpf a Eyvstfar tvseydkrh ar kqtvfwwksrkwxkd xvarwdvktxksr sg ar Aywxvapkar parhyahf qkhjx ax gkvwx szfvpsso a ekwxkrdxksr wydj aw apzfspav zw. vfxvsgpf| tpadf ({jkdj xjfr ®µ∫™π∞∑ª∞ $++ ´∂™ xyvrfe syx xs cf vfpfzarx) {jkpf ekwxkrhykwjkrh zskdfe zw. zskdfpfww tjsraxksr ({jkdj xjfr xyvrfe syx xs cf kvvfpfzarx). Aw xjf wsyre w}wxfq cfdsqfw dpfav, xjf arap}wx kw kr a tswkxksr xs vftpadf xjf ae-jsd kqtvfwwksrkwxkd xvarwdvktxksr c} a w}wxfqaxkd xvarwdvktxksr xjax vfgpfdxw xjf wxvydxyvf sg xjf parhyahf yrefv efwdvktxksr. A qa|kqapp} ravvs{ xvarwdvktxksr f|tpkdkxp} krekdaxfw app xjf tjsrfxkd efxakp xjax kw azakpacpf. A cvsae xvarwdvktxksr kqtpkdkxp} wxaxfw qydj sg xjkw efxakp kr xjf dsrzfrxksrw gsv krxfvtvfxkrh xjf w}qcspw, {jkpf offtkrh xjf xvarwdvktxksrw sg adxyap parhyahf qaxfvkap (xjf xf|x) pfww dsqtpkdaxfe. Tjfvf avf x{s qakr gadxsvw xs cf dsrwkefvfe: xjf djskdf sg djavadxfvw (wkqtpf zw dsqtavaxkzf) are xjf ryqcfv sg djavadxfvw (tjsrfqkd zw appstjsrkd). Wf dsrwkefv xjfwf kr xyvr. 4. Simple vs. comparative Fsv tvadxkdap tyvtswfw kx kw kqtsvxarx xjax a xvarwdvktxksr w}wxfq gsv a parhyahf cf oftx wkqtpf. Tjf w}qcsp x, tavx sg xjf cawkd ps{fv-dawf Rsqar aptjacfx, kw wkqtpfv xjar wydj w}qcspw aw x0,0 xS sv x0S0 . Tjfvfgsvf, {jfr a parhyahf jaw srp} srf zskdfpfww tpswkzf kr xjf apzfspav avfa, kx kw attvstvkaxf xs w}qcspk~f kx x, vaxjfv xjar xs dsqtpkdaxf xjf xvarwdvktxksr c} eftps}krh xjf qsvf dsqtpf| w}qcsp. Tjyw kx kw attvstvkaxf xs ywf xjf waqf w}qcsp /x/ gsv S{fekwj ({jfvf xjf wsyre ws efrsxfe kw x}tkdapp} efrxap are awtkvaxfe), Erhpkwj (apzfspav, awtkvaxfe), Fvfrdj (efrxap, yrawtkvaxfe) are Dyxdj (apzfspav, yrawtkvaxfe) L fzfr xjsyhj xjf gkvwx xjvff dsype qsvf Btvfdkwfp}C cf {vkxxfr x0S0 , xS, are x0 0 vfwtfdxkzfp}. Ix kw qsvf fggkdkfrx xs wxaxf xjfwf krxfvtvfxaxkzf dsrzfrxksrw srdf srp}, vaxjfv xjar xs vftfax xjf krgsvqaxksr fzfv} xkqf xjf w}qcsp kw ywfe. Ig, js{fzfv, xjf S{fekwj wsyre kw {vkxxfr x0S0 , fxd., xjf xvarwdvktxksr w}wxfq kw kr xjkw vfwtfdx dsqtavaxkzf. Skqkpavp}, xjf gkzf zs{fpw sg Gvffo avf vftvfwfrxfe aw k f a s y, fzfr xjsyhj tjsrfxkdapp} xjf wfdsre are gsyvxj qa} {fpp cf kr xjf avfaw ®µ∫™π∞∑ª∞ $++ ´∂™ awwsdkaxfe {kxj xjf hfrfvap-tjsrfxkd w}qcspw U are . vfwtfdxkzfp}. Tjf gkzf zs{fpw sg Jatarfwf qa} apws cf {vkxxfr wkqtp} aw k f a s y, fzfr xjsyhj xjf pawx kw x}tkdapp} yrvsyrefe are vfwfqcpfw davekrap [W] (Ooaea 1999). Lfxxfvw sg xjf cawkd Laxkr aptjacfx avf wkqtpfv xjar sxjfv pfxxfvw: e kw wkqtpfv xjar Y sv Z, {jkpf k kw wkqtpfv xjar F. M svf wycxp}, 9 kw dsrwkefvfe wkqtpfv xjar [ sv \, {jkpf G kw wkqtpfv xjar ar} sg ] ^ _ ` a. Nfzfvxjfpfww, kr parhyahfw {jfvf 9 are [ avf ekwxkrdx, f.h. Pspkwj, csxj w}qcspw avf vfuykvfe; wkqkpavp}, csxj G are a avf vfuykvfe kr Darkwj. Lfxxfvw {kxjsyx ekadvkxkdw avf wkqtpfv xjar pfxxfvw {kxj ekadvkxkdw. (Sff xjf dawf sg S{fekwj x0S0 acszf.) Csrwsrarxap ekadvkxkdw avf ywyapp} yrrfdfwwav} kr xjf cvsae xvarwdvktxksr sg a parhyahf. Tjf Avackd Ba}r dar vfawsracp} cf {vkxxfr b fzfr c} xjswf {js cfpkfzf kx xs cf a tjav}rhfapk~fe hpsxxap wxst [cd] (Tjfp{app are SaCaefeekr, 1999). Tjf vaxjfv {kef krzfrxsv} sg zs{fp w}qcspw gyvrkwjfe c} xjf IPA qfarw xjax ekadvkxkdw gsv vakwkrh, ps{fvkrh, dfrxvapk~krh are ws sr dar rsvqapp} cf ekwtfrwfe {kxj kr cvsae xvarwdvktxksr. Ahakr, ekadvkxkdw qa} cf rfdfwwav} kr parhyahfw {jfvf xjf} w}qcspk~f a tjsrfqkd dsrxvawx, aw kr xjf dawf sg Fvfrdj rawapk~fe zs{fpw, 12 2 fxd. Ix kw x}tshvatjkdapp} wkqtpf xs xvarwdvkcf xjf Erhpkwj dsrwsrarx kr vfe aw v, fzfr xjsyhj tjsrfxkdapp} kx kw ar attvs|kqarx vaxjfv xjar a xvkpp. Ix {sype cf dsqtavaxkzf xs {vkxf kx e. Euyapp}, kx kw dsqtavaxkzf xs {vkxf xjf Fvfrdj dsrwsrarx kr vyf aw f sv g; kx kw wkqtpf xs {vkxf kx v, aw kr xjf wtfdkqfr (gkh. 6, gvsq Paww} 1958). Byx kr ar addsyrx sg xjf dsrxvawxkzf tjsrfxkdw sg Erhpkwj are Fvfrdj xjf dsqtavaxkzf w}qcspw qkhjx cf attvstvkaxf. IPA w}qcspw gsv zskdfpfww tpswkzfw, wydj aw t x o, qa} cf vfhavefe aw yrwtfdkgkfe {kxj vfwtfdx xs tswwkcpf awtkvaxksr.
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    This is the most recent version of this document provided by KANA Software, Inc. to Genesys, for the version of the KANA software products licensed for use with the Genesys eServices (Multimedia) products. Click here to access this document. KANA Response Live Organization Administration KANA Response Live Version 10 R2 February 2008 KANA Response Live Organization Administration All contents of this documentation are the property of KANA Software, Inc. (“KANA”) (and if relevant its third party licensors) and protected by United States and international copyright laws. All Rights Reserved. © 2008 KANA Software, Inc. Terms of Use: This software and documentation are provided solely pursuant to the terms of a license agreement between the user and KANA (the “Agreement”) and any use in violation of, or not pursuant to any such Agreement shall be deemed copyright infringement and a violation of KANA's rights in the software and documentation and the user consents to KANA's obtaining of injunctive relief precluding any further such use. KANA assumes no responsibility for any damage that may occur either directly or indirectly, or any consequential damages that may result from the use of this documentation or any KANA software product except as expressly provided in the Agreement, any use hereunder is on an as-is basis, without warranty of any kind, including without limitation the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement. Use, duplication, or disclosure by licensee of any materials provided by KANA is subject to restrictions as set forth in the Agreement. Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of KANA.
  • 1 English Spelling and Pronunciation

    1 English Spelling and Pronunciation

    ISSN: 2456-8104 http://www.jrspelt.com Issue 5, Vol. 2, 2018 English Spelling and Pronunciation - A Brief Study Prof. V. Chandra Sekhar Rao ([email protected] ) Professor in English, SITECH, Hyderabad Abstract The present paper aims at the correlation between spelling and pronunciation of English words. English spelling is almost divorced from its pronunciation and there is no perfect guide how to 1 learn the pronunciation of the words. The letters of alphabet used are always inadequate to represent the sounds. English alphabet contains only 26 letters but the sounds 44. IPA symbols are needed to understand the intelligibility of the pronunciation and the spelling-designed. Learners of English language have to understand that words from other languages may be adopted without being adapted to the spelling system. Most of the letters of English alphabet produce multiple pronunciations. English Pronouncing Dictionary is needed for better understanding of the spelling and pronunciation. Keywords: Spelling and Pronunciation, Orthography, Intelligibility, Phonetic Symbols Introduction "If we know the sounds of a word (in English) we can't know how to spell it; if we know the ` spelling, we can't know how to pronounce it." (Otto Jespersen, philologist, Essentials of English Grammar, 1905, page 11). "English spelling is almost divorced from its pronunciation and forms hardly any guide as to how words should be pronounced." (Mont Follick, The Case for Spelling Reform, 1964, page 87). English, as a global language of communication, is spoken, written and used widely for many different purposes - international diplomatic relations, business, science and technology. It is also called the library language and medium of instructions in higher education - science and technology, computer and software engineering, medicine and law, pharmacy and nursing, commerce and management, fashion technology and so on.
  • Sound and Fury: English Phonology 2

    Sound and Fury: English Phonology 2

    Sound and Fury: English Phonology 2 Sound and Fury: English Phonology /'sawnd @n 'fjU®ij: 'IèglIS f@'nAl@Aij/ In this chapter, we look at English sound patterns. We learn about the distinct sounds that make up words (phonemes), and the mech- anisms in the vocal tract that are employed to produce them. We learn a system of writing that can be used to accurately represent pronunciation, the International Phonetic Alphabet. We think about how sounds group into families, and consider one example of sound change from the prehistory of English. This groundwork will allow us, in future chapters, to understand restrictions on phonological words in English, to look at other historical changes that have altered the pronunciation of English words in the past, and to discuss differences between dialects of English spoken today. It will also enable us to analyze other kinds of processes in English words, when we look at morphology. 2.1 English Spelling and English Pronunciation The first thing we have to do, when considering the pronunciation of English words, is find a way to represent their pronunciation accurately in print (since you can’t hear me talking). English spelling is notoriously bad at this: probably, at least once in your life as a literate English speaker, you have mispronounced a word in speech that you learned from a book; that is, you’ve probably used a spelling pronunciation. (I certainly have.) The mismatch between spelling and pronunciation is the reason that English spelling is a hard thing to master. 21 EWC02 21 17/10/05, 11:13 AM Sound and Fury: English Phonology orthography, n.
  • Hebrew Names and Name Authority in Library Catalogs by Daniel D

    Hebrew Names and Name Authority in Library Catalogs by Daniel D

    Hebrew Names and Name Authority in Library Catalogs by Daniel D. Stuhlman BHL, BA, MS LS, MHL In support of the Doctor of Hebrew Literature degree Jewish University of America Skokie, IL 2004 Page 1 Abstract Hebrew Names and Name Authority in Library Catalogs By Daniel D. Stuhlman, BA, BHL, MS LS, MHL Because of the differences in alphabets, entering Hebrew names and words in English works has always been a challenge. The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) is the source for many names both in American, Jewish and European society. This work examines given names, starting with theophoric names in the Bible, then continues with other names from the Bible and contemporary sources. The list of theophoric names is comprehensive. The other names are chosen from library catalogs and the personal records of the author. Hebrew names present challenges because of the variety of pronunciations. The same name is transliterated differently for a writer in Yiddish and Hebrew, but Yiddish names are not covered in this document. Family names are included only as they relate to the study of given names. One chapter deals with why Jacob and Joseph start with “J.” Transliteration tables from many sources are included for comparison purposes. Because parents may give any name they desire, there can be no absolute rules for using Hebrew names in English (or Latin character) library catalogs. When the cataloger can not find the Latin letter version of a name that the author prefers, the cataloger uses the rules for systematic Romanization. Through the use of rules and the understanding of the history of orthography, a library research can find the materials needed.
  • Scottish Gaelic Dialects (Continued) Author(S): Charles M

    Scottish Gaelic Dialects (Continued) Author(S): Charles M

    Scottish Gaelic Dialects (Continued) Author(s): Charles M. Robertson Source: The Celtic Review, Vol. 4, No. 13 (Jul., 1907), pp. 69-80 Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30069921 Accessed: 27-06-2016 11:00 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Celtic Review This content downloaded from 131.247.112.3 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 11:00:20 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms SCOTTISH GAELIC DIALECTS 69 SCOTTISH GAELIC DIALECTS CHARLES M. ROBERTSON (Continued from vol. iii. p. 332) The mutual action and interaction of vowels and consonants upon one another are exceptionally prominent in the pro- nunciation of Gaelic, and show themselves very insistently in the orthography of the language. The silent vowels that form a part of that orthography have their explanation in most cases in the history of the language, but practically they owe their retention, or their presence, in the modern spelling to the adjacent consonants. Cois, the dative of cas, foot, for example, derived the i from a retraction of the ending of coxi, the prehistoric form of the dative of the word, but phonetically the preservation of the i is due to the fact that s has its slender or narrow sound or the dis- tinctive sound that it has when in contact with either of the slender vowels e and i.
  • Patterns of Invented Spelling in Spanish

    Patterns of Invented Spelling in Spanish

    California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Digitization Project John M. Pfau Library 2002 Patterns of invented spelling in Spanish Mercedes Pérez Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons Recommended Citation Pérez, Mercedes, "Patterns of invented spelling in Spanish" (2002). Theses Digitization Project. 2209. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2209 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the John M. Pfau Library at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses Digitization Project by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PATTERNS OF INVENTED SPELLING IN SPANISH A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in ' Education: Bilingual/Cross-Cultural Education by Mercedes Perez September 2002 PATTERNS OF INVENTED SPELLING IN SPANISH A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino by Mercedes Perez September 2002 Approved by: 7- Dr. Barbara Flores, First Reader Date ABSTRACT This study proposed to examine' the invented spelling patterns that Spanish speaking children create in their writing. On a monthly basis four students submitted a first draft of a journal entry or a story for a two year time period, which covered both their second and third grade years. Their writing samples were then transcribed and each word used was categorized as either a conventional or an invented spelling. The invented spellings were then classified into eight categories.