GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATIONS IN ZAMBIA

PRESENTED BY PROJECT ENGINEERS CLINT KOMBE & ARNOLD SINYINZA ZESCO LIMITED 10th November 2008 Organised by: UNU/KENGEN – Geothermal Training Programme Naivasha, Kenya PRESENTATION LAYOUT

• BACKGROUND • OVERVIEW OF THE KAPISYA POWER PLANT • CURRENT STATUS • RESUSCITATION NEEDS • EXPLORATION WORKS UNDERTAKEN • EXPECTED BENEFITS • CHALLENGES FACED • CONCLUSION

2 BACKGROUND

• ABOUT 99 % OF POWER IN ZAMBIA IS HYDRO GENERATED

• TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY IS 1640 MW – HYDRO - 1632 MW – THERMAL - 8 MW – GEOTHERMAL 0 MW

3 BACKGROUND

• PRESENT SYSTEM IN ZAMBIA- GENERATION • MAJOR HYDRO STATIONS – KAFUE GORGE 900MW (990MW) – KARIBA NORTH 600MW (720MW) – VICTORIA FALLS 108MW • SMALL/MINIHYDRO STATIONS – LUSIWASI 12MW – MULUNGUSHI 20MW – LUNSEMFWA 18MW – CHISHIMBA FALLS 6MW – MUSONDA FALLS 5MW 4 – LUNZUA 0.75 MW To Sumbuwanga ZAMBIAN POWER SYSTEM 8o KAPUTA MPULUNGU

MBALA LUNZUA

KALUNGWISHI DRC KASHIKISHI MPOROKOSO KALUNGWISHI RIVER CHISHIMBA FALLS NAKONDE

MAMBILIMA KASAMA MUSONDA FALLS LUWINGU ISOKA

MANSA CHINSALI

West Lunga MICHELO SAMFYA River at Mwinilunga (1.2MW) MOMBUTUTA LUMWANA ANGOLA SOLWEZI LUANO KANSUSWA MPIKA LUNDAZI Chavuma Falls KITWE LUSIWASI (1.2MW) KabompoRiver at PENSULO Kabompo-Manyinga Bridge SERENJE (0.10MW) MAPOSA Kabompo River at ChakataFalls (1.2MW) Lufubu River at Kasempa MFUE Bridge (0.23MW) MKUSHI MPONGWE ZAMBEZI KAPIRI CHIPATA MSORO LUNSEMFWA KABWE AZELE LUKULU KALABO MUMBWA MULUNGUSHI PETAUKE KAOMA LUSAKA WEST 33.5o East MONGU LEOPARDS HILL KAFUE KAFUE TOWN LOWER LUANGWA KAFUE WEST CHIRUNDU ITEZHI - TEZHI KAFUE GORGE SENANGA MAZABUKA km KARIBA NORTH KEY PROPOSED LINES 330 kV 330 kV (120MW) KARIBA SOUTH 1941 LAKE KARIBA MUZUMA 220 kV 348 220 kV 132 kV 77 132 kV 88 kV 717 88 kV 22o East SESHEKE VICTORIA 66 kV 2791 66 kV FALLS POWER STATIONS KATIMA o MULILO 18 PROPOSED POWER STATIONS NAMIBIA ZIMBABWE SUBSTATIONS BOTSWANA PROPOSED SUBSTATIONS 5 DIESEL STATIONS BACKGROUND • ZAMBIA HAS POTENTIAL FOR GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES AS EVIDENCED BY SURFACE MANIFESTATIONS: – THERE ARE A NUMBER OF HOT SPRINGS SPREAD OUT IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY

• POTENTIAL OF MOST OF PROSPECTS HAS NOT YET BEEN EXAMINED CONCLUSIVELY • ONLY TWO MANIFESTATION AREAS HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED • THE GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR CHINYUNYU AND KAPISYA SITES IS AVAILABLE

• 6 BACKGROUND

• AVAILABLE DATA POINTS TO GOOD PROSPECTS FOR EXPLOINTING GEOTHERMAL RESERVES POTENTIAL • PRESENTLY THERE IS NO GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION OR DIRECT -USE APPLICATIONS IN THE COUNTRY OVERVIEW OFKAPISYA PROJECT • STUDIES UNDERTAKEN INCLUDE: – PREVIOUS STUDIES: • THIEME & JOHNSON (1981) – FURTHER STUDIES • FEASIBILITY STUDIES THROUGH ITALIAN GRANT - 1986 TO 1987 BY DAL IN.TE.SA. SPA AN. – AFTER STUDIES THIRTEEN EXPLORATION/PRODUCTION WELLS WERE DRILLED AND A BINARY POWER PLANT WAS CONSTRUCTED IN 1987. KAPISYA POWER PLANT

Kapisya Prospect Lake Tanganyika " Lake Mweru ! Mpulungu TANZANIA Sumbu National Park !! ! Kasama Isoka D. R. CONGO !

Mansa ! Banggpweulu Floodplains MALAWI North Luangwa National Park ! Mpika ANGOLA ! Solwezi Luambe National Park Kitwe! Kasanka National Park ! Ndola South Luangwa National park

Chipata! ! Mkushi !Kapiri Mposhi Liuwa Plains National Park Kafue NationalZ Park A M B I A MOZAMBIQUE Mongu Lusaka ! ! Lower Zambezi National Park Lochinvar National Park ! Chirundu Siavonga!

Lake Kariba ZIMBABWE Sioma Ngwezi National Park NAMIBIA ! Livingstone Victoria Falls BOTSWANA KAPISYA POWER STATION & BOREFIELD KAPISYA GEOTHERAMAL PLANT RESUSCITATION PROJECT 11 OVERVIEW KAPISYA POWER PLANT

• TWO TURBO GENERATORS EACH RATED AT 100 KVA WERE INSTALLED TO OPERATE AT OPTIMUM TEMP OF 95 DEGREES CELCIUS • MOST WELLS DISCHARGE HOT WATER AT MAX TEMP OF 88 DEGREES CELCIUS • THE PLANT WASSO NOT FU LLY CO COSSOMMISSIONED DUE TO LACK OF POWER TRANSMISSION LINES TO LOAD CENTRES OVERVIEW KAPISYA POWER PLANT • THE BINARY PLANT OPERATES ON THE PRINCIPLE OF “ORGANIC RANKIN CYCLE (ORC)” IN WHICH THE HOT WATER PUMPED FROM THE PRODUCTION WELLS HEATS AN ORGANIC FLUID TO PRODUCE STEAM • EXPANDING STEAM PRODUCED THEN POWERS THE TURBINE/GENERATOR UNITS FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION • LOW TEMP RESOURCE WITH ESTIMATED RESERVIOR TEMPS OF ABOUT 124 DEGREES CELCIUS OVERVIEW KAPISYA POWER PLANT • THE PROJECT WAS INITIATED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF ZAMBIA UNDER THE MINISTRY OF MINES • THE PROJECT WAS LATER HANDED OVER TO ZESCO (POWER UTILITY) IN 2001 BY MINISTRY OF MINES. • PLANT HANDED OVER WITHOUT SYSTEM DRAWINGS AND OTHER KEY DATA • ONLY REPORTS ON THE PROJECT: – FEB 1986, JUNE 1987 & SEPT 1987 PROGRESS REPORTS – SCANTY EQUIPMENT DATA (NAME PLATE DETAILS )

14 KAPISYA GEOTHERMAL PLANT ZAMBIA CURRENT STATUS • THE PLANT HAS REMAINED DORMANT FROM TIME OF PARTIAL COMMISSIONING IN 1988 TO DATE. THE PLANT HAS REMAINED IN RELATIVELY GOOD CONDITION THOUGH A FEW ITEMS REQUIRE REPLACEMENT. • COMBINED ZESCO/KENGEN/UNZA TEAM VISITED SITE ON 2ND FEBRUARY 2005 TO CARRY OUT PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT WORKS • JUNE 2006 PLANT CONDITION ASSESSMENT VISIT BY ZESCO/KENGEN • NOVEMBER 2006 GEOSCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS CARRIED OUT BY KENGEN • LOAD AND POWER TRANSMISSION SURVEY HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT BY ZESCO IN THE VICINITY OF THE GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT CURRENT STATUS

• THE LOAD ALONG LAKESHORE IN THE VICINITY OF THE PLANT HAS INCREASED SO MUCH THAT THE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF THE GEOTHERMAL PLANT CURRENTLY IN PLACE IS INSUFFICIENT

• THE POTENTIAL LOAD IS APPROXIMATELY SIX (6) TIMES THE SIZE OF THE PLANT. RESUSTATION NEEDS

• ZESCO AND KENGEN TO RESUSTATE AND RE- COMMISSION THE PLANT

• IN PARALLEL STUDY THE POSSIBILITY OF INCREASING THE INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY . • • ZESCO HAS ALSO INVOLVED LOCAL CONSULTANTS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA TO OFFER TECHNICAL SUPPORT. EXPLORATION WORKS UNDERTAKEN

• SURFACE EXPLORATION: – GEOLOGICAL MAPPING – GEOCHEMISTRY (Soil gas survey, hot spring sampling & analysis) – GEOPHYSICS (MT & TEM) • FINDINGS: – The resource is low temperature of about 124 degrees C – Reservoir is fault controlled to be tapped by sinking wells up to 500m deep – Reservoir area is about 0. 5 to 1km sq capable of generating more than 2MWe. – To confirm resource deep exploration wells need to be drill ed EXPECTED BENEFITS

• IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE COMMUNITIES IN THE AREA BY PROVIDING CLEAN SOURCE OF ENERGY. • IMPROVED ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE COMMUNITIES THROUGH NEW INVESTMENTS AND CREATION OF JOBS • REDUCED DEFORESTATION (ENVIRONMENT GAIN) • INCREASED INVESTMENT IN TRADING, TOURISM, AGRICULTURE AND OTHER SECTORS. • PROVISION OF SOCIAL AMENITIES. CHALLENGES

• LACK OF EXPERIENCE IN EXPLORATION, INSTALLATION, COMMISSIONING, OPERATION AND OVERALL MANAGEMENT OF GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS • LITTLE SUPPORT FROM STAKE HOLDERS DUE TO LACK OF INFORMATION ABOUT GEOTHERMAL ENERGY RESOURCES • REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS FRAME WORK NEED TO BE IN PLACE TO GOVERN GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT. CONCLUSION

• WE STRONLY URGE THIS HOUSE TO HELP OUR POWER UTILITY SOURCE FOR THE PONTENTIAL GEOTHERMAL PROJECT FINANCE TO COMPLETE THE STUDIES AND RESUSCITATE/UPRATE THE KAPISYA PLANT. • THROUGH GOVERNMENT LEADRERSHIP, ZESCO LIMITED, PARTERNERSHIPS AND TRAINING SUCH AS THIS ONE , WE HOPE TO ENSURE THAT GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS ESTABLISHED AS A MAJOR ECONOMICALLY COMPETITIVE GENERATION COMPONENT IN ZAMBIAN ENERGY SUPPLY. THANK YOU THANK YOU