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Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Zambia a Review of Institutional Reforms and Lessons Learned from the Field

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Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Zambia a Review of Institutional Reforms and Lessons Learned from the Field COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ZAMBIA A REVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE FIELD Contract Number: 7200AA18D00003/7200AA18F00015 COR: Sarah Lowery USAID Office of Land and Urban Contractor Name: Tetra Tech Author(s): Anna-Louise Davis, Tom Blomley, Gordon Homer, Matt Sommerville, & Fred Nelson JANUARY 2020 This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared with support from the Integrated Land and Resource Governance Task Order, under the Strengthening Tenure and Resource Rights II (STARR II) IDIQ. It was prepared by MaliasiliCOMMUNITY and Tetra-BASED Tech. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ZAMBIA i Cover Photo: South Luangwa National Park. Rena Singer Tetra Tech Contact(s): Megan Huth, Project Manager 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, VT 05402 Tel: (802) 495-0282 Fax: (802) 658-4247 Email: [email protected] Suggested Citation: Davis, A-L., Blomley, T., Homer, G., Sommerville, M., & Nelson, F. (2020). Community-based Natural Resource Management in Zambia: A review of institutional reforms and lessons from the field. Washington, DC: Maliasili, the USAID Integrated Land and Resource Governance Task Order under the Strengthening Tenure and Resource Rights II (STARR II) IDIQ, and The Nature Conservancy. COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ZAMBIA ii COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ZAMBIA A REVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS AND LESSONS FROM THE FIELD Submission Date: 29 April 2020 (originally submitted 7 January 2020) Submitted by: Melissa Hall, Deputy Chief of Party Tetra Tech 159 Bank Street, Burlington VT 05401, USA Tel: (802) 495-0282 Fax: (802) 658-4247 Contract Number: 7200AA18D00003/7200AA18F00015 COR Name: Sarah Lowery USAID Office of Land and Urban Contractor Name: Tetra Tech Author(s): Anna-Louise Davis, Tom Blomley, Gordon Homer, Matt Sommerville, & Fred Nelson DISCLAIMER This publication is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Tetra Tech and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ZAMBIA iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was produced by Maliasili, working in collaboration with the USAID Integrated Land and Resource Governance Program and with support from The Nature Conservancy Africa Program. The report was authored by Anna-Louise Davis, Fred Nelson, and Tom Blomley. Matt Sommerville provided significant inputs, including on Section 3.5. Gordon Homer of Peace Parks Foundation co-authored the case study on Simalaha Community Conservancy. In addition, staff from BioCarbon Partners (BCP) and Community Markets for Conservation (COMACO) as well as The Nature Conservancy Zambia program also provided significant information, data, and inputs to the report. COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ZAMBIA i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................ I TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................ II LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................. IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................... VI 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 EMERGING INNOVATIONS AND REFORMS .................................................... 2 1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................... 2 2.0 COMMUNITY FORESTRY IN ZAMBIA ........................................................ 5 2.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Institutional Framework for Community Forestry ................................. 5 2.1.2 Legal and Policy Reforms .............................................................................. 6 2.1.3 Reform Opportunities and Challenges ...................................................... 9 2.2 CASE STUDY 1: BIOCARBON PARTNERS – DEVELOPING REDD+ THROUGH COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT ................................... 10 2.2.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Institutional Framework ............................................................................. 11 2.2.3 Progress and Challenges ............................................................................ 14 2.3 CASE STUDY 2: COMMUNITY MARKETS FOR CONSERVATION – LINKING SMALLHOLDER FARMERS AND COMMUNITY CONSERVED AREAS ... 15 2.3.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Institutional Framework ............................................................................. 16 2.3.3 Progress and Challenges ............................................................................ 18 2.4 CASE STUDY 3: COMMUNITY FORESTRY IN MULOBEZI GMA .............. 18 2.4.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 18 2.4.2 Institutional Framework ............................................................................. 19 2.4.3 Progress and Challenges ............................................................................ 19 3.0 COMMUNITIES AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMNT ..................................... 21 3.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................ 21 3.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR CBNRM ............................................... 22 3.3 LEGAL AND POLICY REFORMS .......................................................................... 22 3.4 REFORM OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES ........................................... 25 3.5 UNLOCKING COMMUNITY GAME RANCHING AS A CBNRM OPPORTUNITY ......................................................................................................... 26 3.6 CASE STUDY 4: KAINDU COMMUNITY GAME RANCH ........................... 28 3.6.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 28 3.6.2 Institutional Framework ............................................................................. 30 3.6.3 Progress and Challenges ............................................................................ 31 3.7 CASE STUDY 5: THE SIMALAHA COMMUNITY CONSERVANCY .......... 31 3.7.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 31 3.7.2 Institutional Framework ............................................................................. 33 3.7.3 Progress and Challenges ............................................................................ 35 4.0 ANALYSIS: KEY TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN ZAMBIAN CBNRM ...................................................................................................................... 37 COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ZAMBIA ii 4.1 THE REFORM OPPORTUNITY ............................................................................. 37 4.2 SCALING UP COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT ................................ 38 4.3 COMMUNITY WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT: FROM POTENTIAL TO REALITY? ......................................................................................................................................... 40 4.4 INTEGRATING COMMUNITY FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 40 4.5 STRENGTHENING CRBS AND LOCAL NATURAL RESOURCES GOVERNANCE .......................................................................................................... 41 4.6 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................ 43 ANNEX 1: LIST OF INDIVIDUALS INTERVIEWED .......................................... 44 ANNEX 2: REFERENCES ........................................................................................ 46 COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ZAMBIA iii LIST OF ACRONYMS ADMADE Administrative Management Design for Game Management Areas BCP BioCarbon Partners CBNRM Community-Based Natural Resource Management CBO Community-Based Organization CCB Carbon Certification Body CCA Community Conservation Area CCP Community Conservation Plan CEO Chief Executive Officer CFMA Community Forest Management Agreement CFMG Community Forestry Management Group CFP Community Forests Program CLUSA Cooperative League of the USA COMACO Community Markets for Conservation CPP Community Partnership Parks CRB Community Resource Board DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DFNRMP Decentralized Forests and Other Natural Resources Management Project DNPW Department of National Parks and Wildlife FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consent GMA Game Management Area GRZ Government Republic of Zambia IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development ILRG Integrated Land and Resource Governance JFM Joint Forest Management JFMC Joint Forest Management
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