Besa: All Will Live As One Family
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A HISTORY of the HEBREW TABERNACLE CONGREGATION of WASHINGTON HEIGHTS a German-Jewish Community in New York City
A HISTORY OF HEBREW TABERNACLE A HISTORY OF THE HEBREW TABERNACLE CONGREGATION OF WASHINGTON HEIGHTS A German-Jewish Community in New York City With An Introduction by Rabbi Robert L. Lehman, D. Min., D.D. December 8, 1985 Chanukah, 5746 by Evelyn Ehrlich — 1 — A HISTORY OF HEBREW TABERNACLE THANK YOU Many individuals have contributed toward making this project possible, not the least of which were those who helped with their financial contributions. They gave “in honor” as well as “in memory” of individuals and causes they held dear. We appreciate their gifts and thank them in the name of the congregation. R.L.L. IN MEMORY OF MY DEAR ONES by Mrs. Anna Bondy TESSY & MAX BUCHDAHL by their loved ones, Mr. and Mrs. Ernst Grumbacher HERBERT KANN by his wife, Mrs. Lore Kann FRED MEYERHOFF by his wife, Mrs. Rose Meyerhoff ILSE SCHLOSS by her husband, Mr. Kurt J. Schloss JULIUS STERN by his wife, Mrs. Bella Stern ROBERT WOLEMERINGER by his wife, Mrs. Friedel Wollmeringer IN HONOR OF AMY, DEBORAH & JOSHUA BAUML by their grandmother, Mrs. Elsa Bauml the CONGREGATION by Mrs. Gerda Dittman, Mr. & Mrs. Paul Ganzman, Ms. Bertha Kuba, Mr. & Mrs. Nathan Maier, Mrs. Emma Michel, Mrs. Ada Speyer (deceased 1984), Mrs. Joan Wickert MICHELLE GLASER and STEVEN GLASER by their grandmother, Mrs. Anna Bondy RAQUEL and RUSSELL PFEFFER by their grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Oppenheimer HANNA ROTHSTEIN by her friend, Mrs. Stephanie Goldmann and by two donors who wish to remain anonymous — 2 — A HISTORY OF HEBREW TABERNACLE INTRODUCTION Several factors were instrumental in the writing of this history of our congregation. -
Of Time, Honor, and Memory: Oral Law in Albania
Oral Tradition, 23/1 (2008): 3-14 Of Time, Honor, and Memory: Oral Law in Albania Fatos Tarifa This essay provides a historical account of the role of oral tradition in passing on from generation to generation an ancient code of customary law that has shaped and dominated the lives of northern Albanians until well into the mid-twentieth century. This traditional body of customary law is known as the Kode of Lekë Dukagjini. It represents a series of norms, mores, and injunctions that were passed down by word of mouth for generations and reputedly originally formulated by Lekë Dukagjini, an Albanian prince and companion-in-arms to Albania’s national hero, George Kastriot Skanderbeg (1405-68). Lekë Dukagjini ruled the territories of Pulati, Puka, Mirdita, Lura, and Luma in northern Albania—known today as the region of Dukagjini—until the Ottoman armies seized Albania’s northernmost city of Shkodër in 1479. Throughout the past five to six centuries this corpus of customary law has been referred to as Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit, Kanuni i Malsisë (the Code of the Highlands), or Kanuni i maleve (the Code of the Mountains). The “Code” is an inexact term, since Kanun, deriving from the Greek kanon, simultaneously signifies “norm,” “rule,” and “measure.” The Kanun, but most particularly the norm of vengeance, or blood taking, as its standard punitive apparatus, continue to this day to be a subject of historical, sociological, anthropological, and juridical interest involving various theoretical frames of reference from the dominant trends of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to today. The Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini was not the only customary law in Albania. -
Rebuilding the Jerusalem Temple
Rebuilding the Jerusalem Temple March 13, 2015 – Shabbat Vayakheil/Pekude Rabbi Barry Block This Shabbat’s Torah portion, like those of the last three weeks, provides details of the construction of the Tabernacle, the portable Temple for the Children of Israel during their forty years of desert wanderings. Scholars tell us that these sections actually describe the ancient Jerusalem Temple, cast backwards in history to the Exodus to enhance the legitimacy of King Solomon’s colossal construction project. We might well ask why we should continue to read this section of the Torah, which doesn’t seem to apply to us or to our modern times. Why should we care, for example, about the gold rings on the corners of the Ark of the Covenant, into which gilded wooden poles were to be inserted, so that nobody need touch the Ark in order to transport it from one encampment to the next? Well, there is a good answer to that specific question and to many others about this otherwise arcane section of Torah. Torah commands that those poles never be removed from the Ark’s golden rings. In other words, the Ark always had to be prepared for transport. The message ought not be lost on us, even thousands of years later: When Jewish life becomes untenable in any particular place, or even if we simply decide to move, we should be prepared to pick up the Torah, literally or figuratively, carrying our faith and our religious action with us. No, we don’t read these sections because we need to know the exact dimensions of the incense altar. -
Best Evidence We're in the Last Days
October 21, 2017 Best Evidence We’re In the Last Days Shawn Nelson Can we know when Jesus is coming back? Some people have tried to predict exactly when Jesus would come back. For example, Harold Camping predicted Sep. 6, 1994, May 21, 2011 and Oct. 21 2011. There have been many others.1 But the Bible says we cannot know exact time: Matthew 24:36 --- “But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, but My Father only.” Acts 1:7 --- “And He said to them, “It is not for you to know times or seasons which the Father has put in His own authority.” We might not know the exact time, but we can certainly see the stage is being set: Matthew 16:2-3 --- ‘He answered and said to them, “When it is evening you say, ‘It will be fair weather, for the sky is red’; and in the morning, ‘It will be foul weather today, for the sky is red and threatening.’ Hypocrites! [speaking to Pharisees about events of his 1st coming] You know how to discern the face of the sky, but you cannot discern the signs of the times.’ 1 Thessalonians 5:5-6 --- “5 But concerning the times and the seasons, brethren, you have no need that I should write to you. 2 For you yourselves know perfectly that the day of the Lord so comes as a thief in the night… 4 But you, brethren, are not in darkness, so that this Day should overtake you as a thief. -
The Origins of the Kanun: Exploring the Development of the Albanian Customary Law
Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt/Volume 3, Sayı/Number 2, Aralık/December 2014, ss. 77-95. THE ORIGINS OF THE KANUN: EXPLORING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALBANIAN CUSTOMARY LAW Mirjona SADIKU ABSTRACT The Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini1 constitutes a centuries-old code of behavior, regulating both individual and collective conduct. Emerging as the primary source of the country's customary law, the dominant element of northern2 subculture has emblematically influenced the entire sphere of Albanian ideas, beliefs and customs. The code represents the body of traditional law and has been orally transmitted from generation to generation, resisting in an unwritten version throughout the centuries and governing the most important aspects of the social structures among northern tribes. In the period between the collapse of Old Serbian Empire and the arrival of the Ottomans, the population of this area was free and uncontrolled and the peculiar mountainous territory was out of reach for the dominants. The code has been generally accepted for many centuries as a self-adjusting rule applied in the administration of the highland communities. Keywords: Kanun, Ottoman Empire, History, Customary Law, Blood feuds. University of Sarajevo and University of Bologna, E-mail: [email protected]. 1 The Kanun of Lek Dukagjini developed in the geographical zone of Dukagjin, a mountainous region in Eastern part of Shkodër. It embraces nearby areas such as Lezhë, Miriditë, Shalë, Shosh, Nikaj and the western plain of current Kosovo. The codification of the tribal law is attributed to Lekë Dukagjini (1410-1481), a prince and chieftain from a noble tribe, who ruled north Albania during the fifteenth century. -
The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism. Nancy Perkins East Tennessee State University
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 12-2011 The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism. Nancy Perkins East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Perkins, Nancy, "The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism." (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1397. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1397 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism _____________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Arts in History _____________________ by Nancy Perkins December 2011 _____________________ William D. Burgess Jr., PhD, Chair Keith Green, PhD Henry Antkiewicz, PhD Keywords: Book of Enoch, Judaism, Second Temple ABSTRACT The Book of Enoch and Second Temple Judaism by Nancy Perkins This thesis examines the ancient Jewish text the Book of Enoch, the scholarly work done on the text since its discovery in 1773, and its seminal importance to the study of ancient Jewish history. Primary sources for the thesis project are limited to Flavius Josephus and the works of the Old Testament. Modern scholars provide an abundance of secondary information. -
The Techniques of the Sacrifice
Andm Univcrdy Seminary Stndics, Vol. 44, No. 1,13-49. Copyright 43 2006 Andrews University Press. THE TECHNIQUES OF THE SACRIFICE OF ANIMALS IN ANCIENT ISRAEL AND ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA: NEW INSIGHTS THROUGH COMPARISON, PART 1' JOANNSCURLOCK ELMHURSTCOLLEGE Elmhurst, Illinois There is an understandable desire among followers of religions that are monotheistic and that claim descent from ancient Israelite religion to see that religion as unique and completely at odds with its surroundrng polytheistic competitors. Most would not deny that there are at least a few elements of Israelite religion that are paralleled in neighboring cultures, as, e.g., the Hittites: 'I would like to thank the following persons who read and commented on earlier drafts of this article: R. Bed, M. Hilgert, S. Holloway, R. Jas, B. Levine and M. Murrin. Abbreviations follow those given in W. von Soden, AWches Han&rterbuch, 3 301s. (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965-1981); and M. Jursa and M. Weszeli, "Register Assyriologie," AfO 40-41 (1993/94): 343-369, with the exception of the following: (a) series: D. 0.Edzard, Gnda and His Dynarg, Royal Inscriptions of Mesopommia: Early Periods (RIME) 311 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997); S. Parpola and K. Watanabe, Neo-Assyrin Treatzes and Lq&y Oaths, State Archives of Assyria (SAA) 2 (Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1988); A. Livingstone, Court Poety and Literq Misceubnea, SAA 3 (Helsinki Helsinki University Press, 1989); I. Starr,QnerieJ to the Sungod, SAA 4 (Helsinki Helsinki University Press, 1990); T. Kwasrnan and S. Parpola, Lga/ Trama~~lom$the RoyaiCoz& ofNineveh, Part 1, SAA 6 (Helsinki Helsinki University Press, 1991); F. -
(The Father) in Wiesel's Night As Response to the Holocaust
humanities Article Father and God (the Father) in Wiesel’s Night as Response to the Holocaust Shannon Quigley Holocaust Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; [email protected] Abstract: The proposed paper will begin by looking at the father–son relationship in Elie Wiesel’s Night. I will then briefly note the father–child relationship between God and Israel in the prophets of the Hebrew Bible. I will link the two challenges evident in Wiesel’s Night and in his continuing thought after the Shoah—the loss of family and the loss of God, his faith and/or his understanding of God—and note how these affect one another. After further assessing Wiesel’s father imagery in Night, I will note how Wiesel’s story, eventually making its way into the current version of Night, played a critical role in affecting the thought of Christian leaders and post-Holocaust Jewish–Christian reconciliation efforts. Keywords: Holocaust; Shoah; post-Holocaust; Elie Wiesel; Night; religiosity; Jewish–Christian relations; father–son 1. Introduction The Holocaust/Shoah has left behind countless afflicted hearts and souls who lived through its unrelenting fire, most of whose stories will never be known. But those that have shared their experiences have affected generations in the comprehension of what the Holocaust was and what unrelenting hate (of wicked people), alongside the unwillingness to stand for what was right (of “good” people who did nothing), can produce. Elie Wiesel’s Citation: Quigley, Shannon. 2021. Night is one of those stories. Father and God (the Father) in Wiesel’s memoir of his experience of the Holocaust through Night (first published in Wiesel’s Night as Response to French as La Nuit) gave multitudes a tiny window in. -
European Academic Research
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 12/ March 2017 Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) ISSN 2286-4822 DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) www.euacademic.org The scientific cooperation between Kosovo and Albania during 1968 KOSOVAR BASHA Independent researcher for XX century Institute of History “Ali Hadri “ – Prishtina Department of Contemporary History Prishtina, Kosovo Abstract: The 60s of the 20th century marked significant events for Albanians in two sides of the border. The improvement of relations between Yugoslavia and Albania, affected Kosovo to start the collaboration for which Kosovo waited for approximately 20 years. The relations after 1968, should be seen from several perspectives between Yugoslavia and Albania. First of all some of the major factors which encouraged a decent beginning were the circumstances created in Czechoslovakia after the Soviet Union invasion. Albania’s reaction was immediate, which supported Yugoslavia during the invasion. The second factor are the Albanians from Kosovo, to whom Albania with Enver Hoxha’s influence had started to play the nationalistic card namely, national-communism. Thirdly, Tito’s attempts were clear after Plenum of Brione, he wanted to balance the politic between Yugoslavia and various clans but also different nations and nationalities. In the meantime, the roots of the relations between Kosovo and Albania date from 1966, the beginning of this relation were the market trades which opened the road for further cooperation in education and culture between Kosovo and Albania. In this research we have been focused on elaborating the scientific collaboration of these two countries, the effects, the results and the cultural activities that were held in this important year for the Albanians in general. -
The Secular Word HOLOCAUST: Scholarly Myths, History, and 20Th Century Meanings1 JON PETRIE
Journal of Genocide Research (2000), 2(1), 31–63 The secular word HOLOCAUST: scholarly myths, history, and 20th century meanings1 JON PETRIE Rabbi Jacob: … You say the Jews shall burn … Know ye what burning is? Hath one of you, Scorched ever his soft esh … and raises not his voice To stop this holocaust? God! ‘tis too horrible! Wake me, my friends, from this terri c dream. (Emma Lazarus, 1882) The holocaust of war, the terrors of the Ku-Klux Klan, the lies of carpet-baggers … left the bewildered serf with no new watchword beyond the old cry for freedom. (W. E. B. Du Bois, 1903) It was after we started with Gatsby toward the house that the gardener saw Wilson’s body a little way off in the grass, and the holocaust was complete. (F. Scott Fitzgerald, 1925)2 Holocaust, strictly a sacri ce wholly destroyed by re … The term is now often applied to a catastrophe on a large scale, whether by re or not, or to a massacre or slaughter. (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th edn, 1910/11) Holocaust scholars, when commenting on the word “H/holocaust,” almost invariably assert that the word carries religious/sacri cial overtones, sometimes decrying these overtones and generally leaving the impression that “holocaust” had an insigni cant secular history before it became the principal American-En- glish referent to the Nazi mass murder of Jews. For example, Michael Beren- baum, writing with the authority of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, states: “The Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, translates the Hebrew word olah as holokauston. -
Kanun of Leke Dukagjini Customary Law of Northern Albania
European Scientific Journal October 2015 edition vol.11, No.28 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 KANUN OF LEKE DUKAGJINI CUSTOMARY LAW OF NORTHERN ALBANIA Arben Cara Lecturer in the Faculty of Political-Juridical Sciences, “Aleksander Moisiu” University of Durres, Republic of Albania Mimoza Margjeka Judge in the first instance of Durres’ Court, Republic of Albania Abstract The Kanun of Lek Dukagjini as the customary law of Northern Albania is the most unique aspect of this Albanian part of society. This Kanun sets up the rules, upon which the culture is based, focusing on the concepts of honor, like hospitality and besa, and the topmost of the society, is Family. This ancient legal code defines the Albanian character, even today. It prevented assimilation throughout history, and continues to do so. The Kanun of Leke Dukagjini is the most distinguishing feature of the Albanian culture. The preservation of customary law was one of the most important elements in helping the Albanian people to maintain their individuality under Ottoman domination. The Code of Lek Dukagjini is the body of “customary law" under which Albanians, particularly the northern clans, have conducted their lives. Not only did the Common Law provide enforceable legal mechanisms which ensured a relatively normal evolution of society and the normality of the economy, social and family relations, it also provided mechanisms for organizing local government and for the settlement of disputes. This therefore constitutes the main aim of this study. Keywords: Kanun, customary law, Albania north, self government, sacred values Introduction Albanian culture has been strong enough to resist assimilation by others even though Albania occupies a strategic location, historically and politically. -
Industrializing Albania During Communism Case Study
INDUSTRIALIZING ALBANIA DURING COMMUNISM CASE STUDY: ELBASAN 1960-1991 By: Rozeta Bici Submitted to: Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor: Constantin Iordachi Second Reader: Jacek Kochanowicz CEU eTD Collection }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Budapest, Hungary 2007 CEU eTD Collection i Statement of Copyright “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection i Abstract The communist regimes in various regions of the world have been subject to intense academic interest. To date, scholarly research has nevertheless focused mostly on political aspect, pointing out the lack of civil rights and liberties under communist totalitarian systems. The same case is valid for the study of communism in Albania, as well. A majority of the works on the history of the communist regime in Albania either glorify the regime if they are products of that period, or blame it for its obvious negative sides, if these works have been written after the regime’s collapse. In an effort to overcome this dichotomy, the current thesis focuses on economic history, especially on the industrialization aspect I argue that the Albanian economy underwent a total transformation under communism, especially by switching its profile from an agricultural country into an industrial one, by emulating the Soviet models of industrialization.