DOCSLIB.ORG

1. Letter to Hermann Kallenbach 2. Letter To

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

1. LETTER TO HERMANN KALLENBACH PHOENIX, [March 12, 1913] MY DEAR LOWER HOUSE, The above1 is soul-stirring. I was teaching one of the boys this morning and came upon it. I thought it so fitted your case at many points that I would have it copied. Please read and reread and come out of Doubting Castle after having killed Giant Despair. With Love, UPPER HOUSE [PS.] I have not written to the Countess2. I thought I would await Mrs. Mayo’s letter. As you will soon be on the tramp I am not sending the agricultural books. It is right? From the original: Gandhi-Kallenbach Correspondence. Courtesy: National Archives of India 2. LETTER TO HARILAL GANDHI Phagan Sud 6 [March 14, 1913]3 CHI. HARILAL, After many months I have has a letter from you. Every time yu express regret and say you are sorry for not writing regularly.Your repentace has no meaning either for you or for me. Repentance will bear fruit ony when it relates to one’s failure to do a thing despite one’s best effort and when it is followed by greater vigilance in guarding against further failure. Your regret amounts to mere formality. Do children naveto be formal with parents? As soon as I knew of yur examination [result] from another 1 An extract from John Bunyan’s allegorical work The Pilgrim’s Progress. 2 Presumably Countless Tolstoy 3 In his letter to Harilal Gandhi of January 26, 1913 (p. 449), Gandhiji had discussed Harilal’s examination result and asked for the question-papers. Here he repeats the request and adds that the two letters are being posted together. This was, therefore, written shorlty after the letter of January 26. VOL. 13 : 12 MARCH, 1913 - 25 DECEMBER, 1913 1 source, I wrote you a letter1. But it could not be posted until now,. because the diary2 containing your address had been misplaced. You will therefore get that letter as well as this one about the same time. I am not the only one to wait anxiously for a letter from you. Ba keeps on inquiring, and so do Miss Schlesin and the others. Your mind has not become calm even there. I do not understand what it is that you want. All that I can make out is that you want to live in Ahmedabad and with Chanchi. Perhaps you wrote to the Doctor3 too, about this, You may live as suits you best. In reply to the second portion of yur letter, I shall say only this: “Live in any way that suits you,.[but] strive to realize God anyhow.” I shall not argue. Our paths may well be different. If our destination is the same, we shall meet there. What would it matter even if we should follow contrary paths? I am not so arrogant as to believe that I am wholly right and others, in the wrong. Of course, I hold on to the idea that I must do what seems to be my duty. Though I know that we do not become equal even if I give you this freedom, because, in following a course opposed to my ideas, you have to depend on me for money. I wish I could release you even from this situation [of dependence] and then argue with you as an equal. But how is this possible? If, impelled by my sense of duty, I have erred in giving up the source of my income, I shall of course have to repent for that. Have I not, however, done an injustice because in doing this I failed to take my sons’ interests into account? My answer is “No” I did consider their interests, too, accordingly to my own lights. Whether my judgement was right or wrong time alone will show to us both. I observe that England is still on your lips. Please overcome the desire. Your time is not yet. Send me the question-papers of your examination if you have preserved them. Manilal is deep in his studies. He is interested in them. I give him an hour and a half every day. Let me know what books you read—for your examination, I mean. Send me some samples of your 1 Vide “Letter to Harilal Gandhi”, 26-1-1913. 2 Vide “Diary, 1912”, end of 1912. 3 Dr. Pranjivan Mehta 2 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF MAHATMA GANDHI English composition. Blessings from BAPU PS. Ramdas and Devdas also study fairly well, but they have developed no interest in their studies. Ba is well, more or less. Anandlal has left Phoenix that he may be able to look after Abhechand’s business. From a photostat of the Gujarati original in Gandhiji’s hand: S. N. 9539 3. LETTER TO JAMNADAS GANDHI Phagan Sud 6 [March 14, 1913]1 CHI. JAMNADAS, The letters you wrote from India have arrived now. They were read with great interest. I know the restrictions you have placed. But in these letters you have given me permission to show them to Chhaganlal and Maganlal. They were also shown to Manilal. I thought it was in his interest that he should read them, so admirable they appeared to be. I shall not show them to anyone else. If any letter of yours contains only personal reflections of an intimate nature, I alone will read it and then destroy it. Your boils must have disappeared by now. You will continue to have one ailment or another till your blood is completely purified and you have suitable diet as dictated by experience. With effort, this [trouble] can be overcome. This desire [that you should recover] was one of my reasons for wanting you to be with me. Ginger, according to our rule, need not be avoided, but it is not beneficial either. Its undesirable effects will be immediately observed in those who live on a fruit diet. “If we must know English we should know it well”—from this we cannot conclude that if we must travel by railway, we should travel first or second. Studying English is not bad in itself, travelling by railway is wholly so; if we must travel, therefore, we should just huddle 1 Jamnadas Gandhi left South Africa on December 14, 1912 and any letter from him could not have reached Gandhiji before January 15 of the following year at the earliest. In 1913, Phagan Sud 6 corresponds to March 14. VOL. 13 : 12 MARCH, 1913 - 25 DECEMBER, 1913 3 ourselves in and mind no discomforts. Moreover, where countless people are forced to put up with hardships, we should submit to them voluntarily—that is, on occasions when it is not immoral to suffer. All the items of the diet on the Farm may not be suitable in Phoenix. You fell ill because you did not wait long enough for necessary adjustments to be made. A ship is bound to look after the needs of deck passengers. I agree that you should not give up milk or curds, but do not give them the chief place. They make us more indolent. Our friend Kotwal is now in India. Cultivate contact with him. He still lives on fruit diet. You may profit by his experience. He is likely to go deep into the matter and discover things which you will not. While doing honour to Brahmins, one must maintain a reverential attitude and not treat them with contempt, in the same way that we would respect a person born in a noble family even while we pity him. We would, naturally, feel no respect for a prostitute’s son. I do not mean, however, that we should support any Brahmins in their wicked ways. If you interrupted your studies to offer some little flour to Brahmin beggars who had no business to go begging, you would only be sacrificing your studies. I would not think that in doing so you had done honour to the Brahmins; I would rather count it as your timidity or want of judgement. Question me again if you have not followed this. Give up the afternoon nap, forcing yourself if need be. When you feel the urge coming over you, take a bath. I am not against schools or against education, but against the stamp. This is one ground of objection against government schools. A second objection is the lack of character in teachers and the fact that pupils have no intimate contact with them. The wasting of time over certain subjects is the third objection, and the fourth that quite often these schools become symbols of our slavery. The Parsi cap is not the Parsis’ but ours, though an adopted one. Our forefathers may have erred in adopting it. The error, however, is not one that need be corrected now. But why should we take the trouble of adopting a fresh one? Putting on a Hungarian or Moghul cap is suggestive, in a way, of pride and conceit—that we are different from others. 4 THE COLLECTED WORKS OF MAHATMA GANDHI I imagine that even after my going [to India] the press1 will continue as before. There is a possibility that Miss Schlesin and Miss West may go over to India ultimately. Mr. Polak and Mr. Ritch will of course practise and live on in South Africa. About Mr. Kallenbach, nothing is certain. Kotwal, it seems, will remain with me. Manilal, probably, will be where I am. He is going strong with his studies. They will still continue. I cherish the fond notion that no one else can, and will, teach him as quickly and as well as I.
Recommended publications
  • Gandhi Sites in Durban Paul Tichmann 8 9 Gandhi Sites in Durban Gandhi Sites in Durban

    Gandhi Sites in Durban Paul Tichmann 8 9 Gandhi Sites in Durban Gandhi Sites in Durban

    local history museums gandhi sites in durban paul tichmann 8 9 gandhi sites in durban gandhi sites in durban introduction gandhi sites in durban The young London-trained barrister, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 1. Dada Abdullah and Company set sail for Durban from Bombay on 19 April 1893 and arrived in (427 Dr Pixley kaSeme Street) Durban on Tuesday 23 May 1893. Gandhi spent some twenty years in South Africa, returning to India in 1914. The period he spent in South Africa has often been described as his political and spiritual Sheth Abdul Karim Adam Jhaveri, a partner of Dada Abdullah and apprenticeship. Indeed, it was within the context of South Africa’s Co., a firm in Porbandar, wrote to Gandhi’s brother, informing him political and social milieu that Gandhi developed his philosophy and that a branch of the firm in South Africa was involved in a court practice of Satyagraha. Between 1893 and 1903 Gandhi spent periods case with a claim for 40 000 pounds. He suggested that Gandhi of time staying and working in Durban. Even after he had moved to be sent there to assist in the case. Gandhi’s brother introduced the Transvaal, he kept contact with friends in Durban and with the him to Sheth Abdul Karim Jhaveri, who assured him that the job Indian community of the City in general. He also often returned to would not be a difficult one, that he would not be required for spend time at Phoenix Settlement, the communitarian settlement he more than a year and that the company would pay “a first class established in Inanda, just outside Durban.
  • “In the Creator's Image: a Metabiographical Study of Two

    “In the Creator's Image: a Metabiographical Study of Two

    IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 18, Issue 4 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 44-47 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org “In the Creator’s Image: A Metabiographical Study of Two Visual Biographies of Gandhi”. Preeti Kumar Abstract: A metabiographical analysis is concerned with the relational nature of biographical works and stresses how the temporal, geographical, intellectual and ideological location of the biographer constructs the biographical subject differently. The changing pictures of Gandhi in his manifold biographies raise questions as to how the subject’s identity is mediated to the readers and audience. Published in 2011, the Manga biography of Gandhi by Kazuki Ebine had as one of its primary sources the film Gandhi (1982) directed by Richard Attenborough. However, in spite of closely following the cinematic text, the Gandhi in Ebine’s graphic narrative is constructed differently from the protagonist of the source text. This paper analyses the narrative devices, the cinematic and comic vocabulary, the thematic concerns and the dominant discourses underlying the two visual biographies as exemplifying the cultural and ideological profile of the biographer. Key terms: Visual Biography, metabiography, Manga, Gandhi, ideology Biography, whether in books, theatre, television and film documentaries or the new media has become the dominant narrative mode of our time. The word „biography‟ literally means „life-writing‟ from the Medieval Greek: „bios‟ meaning „life‟ and „graphia‟ or „writing‟. The earliest definition of the term was offered by Dryden in his introduction to the Lives of Plutarch, in which he referred to “biography” as the “history of particular men‟s lives”.
  • Friends of Gandhi

    Friends of Gandhi

    FRIENDS OF GANDHI Correspondence of Mahatma Gandhi with Esther Færing (Menon), Anne Marie Petersen and Ellen Hørup Edited by E.S. Reddy and Holger Terp Gandhi-Informations-Zentrum, Berlin The Danish Peace Academy, Copenhagen Copyright 2006 by Gandhi-Informations-Zentrum, Berlin, and The Danish Peace Academy, Copenhagen. Copyright for all Mahatma Gandhi texts: Navajivan Trust, Ahmedabad, India (with gratitude to Mr. Jitendra Desai). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transacted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. Gandhi-Informations-Zentrum: http://home.snafu.de/mkgandhi The Danish Peace Academy: http://www.fredsakademiet.dk Friends of Gandhi : Correspondence of Mahatma Gandhi with Esther Færing (Menon), Anne Marie Petersen and Ellen Hørup / Editors: E.S.Reddy and Holger Terp. Publishers: Gandhi-Informations-Zentrum, Berlin, and the Danish Peace Academy, Copenhagen. 1st edition, 1st printing, copyright 2006 Printed in India. - ISBN 87-91085-02-0 - ISSN 1600-9649 Fred I Danmark. Det Danske Fredsakademis Skriftserie Nr. 3 EAN number / strejkode 9788791085024 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ESTHER FAERING (MENON)1 Biographical note Correspondence with Gandhi2 Gandhi to Miss Faering, January 11, 1917 Gandhi to Miss Faering, January 15, 1917 Gandhi to Miss Faering, March 20, 1917 Gandhi to Miss Faering, March 31,1917 Gandhi to Miss Faering, April 15, 1917 Gandhi to Miss Faering,
  • Volume Fourty-One : (Dec 2, 1927

    Volume Fourty-One : (Dec 2, 1927

    1. SPEECH AT PUBLIC MEETING, CHICACOLE December 3, 1927 You seem to be dividing all the good things with poor Utkal1. I flattered myself with the assumption that my arrival here is one of the good things, for I was going to devote all the twenty days to seeing the skeletons of Orissa; but as you, the Andhras, are the gatekeepers of Orissa on this side, you have intercepted my march. But I am glad you have anticipated me also. After entering Andhra Desh, I have been doing my business with you and I know God will reward all those unknown people who have been co-operating with me who am a self- appointed representative of Daridranarayana. And here, too, you have been doing the same thing. Last night, several sister came and presented me with a purse. But let me tell you this is not after all my tour in Andhra. I am not going to let you alone so easily as this, nor will Deshabhakta Konda Venkatappayya let me alone, because I have toured in some parts of Ganjam. I am under promise to tour Andhra during the early part of next year, and let me hope what you are doing is only a foretaste of what you are going to do next year. You have faith in true non-co-operation. There is the great drink evil, eating into the vitals of the labouring population. I would like you to non-co-operate with that evil without a single thought and I make a sporting proposal, viz., that those who give up drink habit should divide their savings with me on behalf of Daridranarayan.
  • Gandhi's View on Judaism and Zionism in Light of an Interreligious

    Gandhi's View on Judaism and Zionism in Light of an Interreligious

    religions Article Gandhi’s View on Judaism and Zionism in Light of an Interreligious Theology Ephraim Meir 1,2 1 Department of Jewish Philosophy, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; [email protected] 2 Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa Abstract: This article describes Gandhi’s view on Judaism and Zionism and places it in the framework of an interreligious theology. In such a theology, the notion of “trans-difference” appreciates the differences between cultures and religions with the aim of building bridges between them. It is argued that Gandhi’s understanding of Judaism was limited, mainly because he looked at Judaism through Christian lenses. He reduced Judaism to a religion without considering its peoplehood dimension. This reduction, together with his political endeavors in favor of the Hindu–Muslim unity and with his advice of satyagraha to the Jews in the 1930s determined his view on Zionism. Notwithstanding Gandhi’s problematic views on Judaism and Zionism, his satyagraha opens a wide-open window to possibilities and challenges in the Near East. In the spirit of an interreligious theology, bridges are built between Gandhi’s satyagraha and Jewish transformational dialogical thinking. Keywords: Gandhi; interreligious theology; Judaism; Zionism; satyagraha satyagraha This article situates Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s in the perspective of a Jewish dialogical philosophy and theology. I focus upon the question to what extent Citation: Meir, Ephraim. 2021. Gandhi’s religious outlook and satyagraha, initiated during his period in South Africa, con- Gandhi’s View on Judaism and tribute to intercultural and interreligious understanding and communication.
  • Page 303, Para 436. M. K. Gandhi's Release from Yervada Central

    Page 303, Para 436. M. K. Gandhi's Release from Yervada Central

    1931] GANDHI RELEASED FROM YERVADA PRISON 199 Page 303, Para 436. M. K. Gandhi's release from Yervada Central Prison, Poona on 26th January 1931 and Gandhi and party left Yervada on January 27 for Allahabad via Bombay. Page 368, Para 511. S. B., Bombay Presidency, Poona, February 24.—Young India now appears under the signature of M. K. Gandhi. In the issue dated February 19 he states that he has resumed the editorship. The late editor, J. C. Kumarappa, also contributes an article criticising the Borsad incident. Page 660, Para 873(15). Extract from the Delhi Secret Abstract dated February 28, 1931. Nasik, March 14.—A meeting addressed by Mahatma Gandhi was held in the Hindu College on 25th February 1931 under the presidentship of the Principal of the College, Mr. S. K. Sen, and was attended by about 900 students and practically all the Indian and European members of the staff of the Hindu and St. Stephen's and Law Colleges, the Registrar of the University was also present. Gandhi in his speech pressed for Hindu-Musalman unity, and the cooperation of the youths of India in the present movement. Page 668, Para 940 (3)(4)(5)6). The Bombay Provincial Congress Committee convened two meetings in the mill area on March 16, which were addressed by M. K. Gandhi. One of the meetings was held at 8-30 p.m. at Parel. About 20,000 persons attended the meeting, prominent amongst whom were K. F. Nariman, Jamnadas Dwarkadas, Mukund Malaviya, B. T. Ranadive, G. L. Kandalkar, Miss Slade, Mrs.
  • Kasturba Gandhi an Embodiment of Empowerment

    Kasturba Gandhi an Embodiment of Empowerment

    Kasturba Gandhi An Embodiment of Empowerment Siby K. Joseph Gandhi Smarak Nidhi, Mumbai 2 Kasturba Gandhi: An Embodiment…. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. The views and opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations to which they belong. First Published February 2020 Reprint March 2020 © Author Published by Gandhi Smarak Nidhi, Mumbai Mani Bhavan, 1st Floor, 19 Laburnum Road, Gamdevi, Mumbai 400 007, MS, India. Website :https://www.gsnmumbai.org Printed at Om Laser Printers, 2324, Hudson Lines Kingsway Camp – 110 009 Siby K. Joseph 3 CONTENTS Foreword Raksha Mehta 5 Preface Siby K. Joseph 7-12 1. Early Life 13-15 2. Kastur- The Wife of Mohandas 16-24 3. In South Africa 25-29 4. Life in Beach Grove Villa 30-35 5. Reunion 36-41 6. Phoenix Settlement 42-52 7. Tolstoy Farm 53-57 8. Invalidation of Indian Marriage 58-64 9. Between Life and Death 65-72 10. Back in India 73-76 11. Champaran 77-80 12. Gandhi on Death’s door 81-85 13. Sarladevi 86-90 14. Aftermath of Non-Cooperation 91-94 15. Borsad Satyagraha and Gandhi’s Operation 95-98 16. Communal Harmony 99-101 4 Kasturba Gandhi: An Embodiment…. 17. Salt Satyagraha 102-105 18. Second Civil Disobedience Movement 106-108 19. Communal Award and Harijan Uplift 109-114 20.
  • Tolstoy and Cosmopolitanism

    Tolstoy and Cosmopolitanism

    CHAPTER 8 Tolstoy and Cosmopolitanism Christian Bartolf Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910) is known as the famous Russian writer, author of the novels Anna Karenina, War and Peace, The Kreutzer Sonata, and Resurrection, author of short prose like “The Death of Ivan Ilyich”, “How Much Land Does a Man Need”, and “Strider” (Kholstomer). His literary work, including his diaries, letters and plays, has become an integral part of world literature. Meanwhile, more and more readers have come to understand that Leo Tolstoy was a unique social thinker of universal importance, a nineteenth- and twentieth-century giant whose impact on world history remains to be reassessed. His critics, descendants, and followers became almost innu- merable, among them Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in South Africa, later called “Mahatma Gandhi”, and his German-Jewish architect friend Hermann Kallenbach, who visited the publishers and translators of Tolstoy in England and Scotland (Aylmer Maude, Charles William Daniel, Isabella Fyvie Mayo) during the Satyagraha struggle of emancipation in South Africa. The friendship of Gandhi, Kallenbach, and Tolstoy resulted in an English-language correspondence which we find in the Collected Works C. Bartolf (*) Gandhi Information Center - Research and Education for Nonviolence (Society for Peace Education), Berlin, Germany © The Author(s) 2018 121 A.K. Giri (ed.), Beyond Cosmopolitanism, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5376-4_8 122 C. BARTOLF of both, Gandhi and Tolstoy, and in the Tolstoy Farm as the name of the second settlement project of Gandhi
  • 1. RAJKOT the Struggle in Rajkot Has a Personal Touch About It for Me

    1. RAJKOT the Struggle in Rajkot Has a Personal Touch About It for Me

    1. RAJKOT The struggle in Rajkot has a personal touch about it for me. It was the place where I received all my education up to the matricul- ation examination and where my father was Dewan for many years. My wife feels so much about the sufferings of the people that though she is as old as I am and much less able than myself to brave such hardships as may be attendant upon jail life, she feels she must go to Rajkot. And before this is in print she might have gone there.1 But I want to take a detached view of the struggle. Sardar’s statement 2, reproduced elsewhere, is a legal document in the sense that it has not a superfluous word in it and contains nothing that cannot be supported by unimpeachable evidence most of which is based on written records which are attached to it as appendices. It furnishes evidence of a cold-blooded breach of a solemn covenant entered into between the Rajkot Ruler and his people.3 And the breach has been committed at the instance and bidding of the British Resident 4 who is directly linked with the Viceroy. To the covenant a British Dewan5 was party. His boast was that he represented British authority. He had expected to rule the Ruler. He was therefore no fool to fall into the Sardar’s trap. Therefore, the covenant was not an extortion from an imbecile ruler. The British Resident detested the Congress and the Sardar for the crime of saving the Thakore Saheb from bankruptcy and, probably, loss of his gadi.
  • 1. JOHANNESBURG Monday [April 11, 1910]

    1. JOHANNESBURG Monday [April 11, 1910]

    1. JOHANNESBURG Monday [April 11, 1910] SENT TO DELAGOA BAY Mr. Achary and 37 other satyagrahis were sent from Pretoria to Delagoa Bay on Saturday. Six of them were certainly not satyagrahis. I cannot say whether they have become so by now. All of them who bear Tamil names are satyagrahis. Thus, the Tamils have been keeping the flag of satyagraha flying. I have given the Tamil names in the English section1 and therefore do not give them here. SHIPS REFUSE I reported in the English section2 last week that some ships had refused to carry those persons who have been deported. I cannot say how far the report is true. But it appears that they have failed to get a ship so far. If India exerts sufficient pressure, no ship will dare carry the deportees. There is strong reason to believe that those who have been deported this time will rouse the whole of India to protest. CHETTIAR 3 [He] was today ordered to be deported and was taken to gaol. Mr. Chettiar is about 55 years of age. He suffers from a chronic ailment, and yet he is facing deportation with the utmost courage. He is to be deported to Natal, from where he will return immediately. OTHER ARRESTS Mr. Chinan Diala4 and Selmar Pillay were arrested and they, too, have been ordered to be deported. 1 Vide “From ‘Transvaal Notes’ ”, 12-4-1910 2 Vide “From ‘Transvaal Notes’ ”, 4-4-1910 3 V. A. Chettiar, respected old Chairman of the Tamil Benefit Society, who had been arrested on April 5.
  • Gandhi Memorial Society, Inc. Gandhi Memorial Society, Inc

    Gandhi Memorial Society, Inc. Gandhi Memorial Society, Inc

    Gandhi Memorial Society, Inc. 501 (C)(3) Public Charity Organization Tax Id # EIN: 11-3766445 10535 Broom sedge court Jacksonville, FL 32246 PROJECT : ONOBLEMAN DOCUMENT TITLE : Mahatma Gandhi’s Biography DOCUMENT OWNER : GMS, Inc. VERSION : 1.0.0 COMPILED BY : Progorithms * Disclaimer This document is a property of GMS, Inc. and is for public circulation. It is created as a medium to share information on different aspects of Mahatma Gandhi’s life. Mahatma Gandhi’s Biography The Life of Mahatma Gandhi --- a Chronology ( (OctoberOctober 2 ndndnd ,1869 --- January 30 ththth ,1948,1948)))) Date Event Description 1869 – Oct.2 nd ,1869 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi born in Porbandar, Gujarat, India. 1876 – Went to Rajkot to attend Primary School. 1881 – Attended Kathiawar High School. 1818188318 838383 – Married to Kasturbai. 1887 – Matriculated and joined Samaldas College at Bhavnagar. 1888 – In September sails to England to study Law. Harilal Gandhi, his first son was born. 1891 – Called to Bar in England and after some time returns back to India His mother passed away. 1892 – Practices Law at Rajkot & Bombay .His second son Manilal Gandhi is born. 1893 – In April gets Job offer as Legal Consultant in Natal South Africa and leaves for that place. Experiences racial discrimination in South Africa. Decides to fight Against the racial prejudices prevalent in South Africa. 1894 – Was enrolled as an advocate of Supreme Court of Natal. Founded Natal Indian Congress. 1896 – Returns to India to organize support for Indians in South Africa.Returns to South Africa with wife and children to live there. 1897 – Racial mob attacked and tried to lynch him.
  • GANDHIJI in SOUTH AFRICA Reminiscences of His Contemporaries

    GANDHIJI in SOUTH AFRICA Reminiscences of His Contemporaries

    1 GANDHIJI IN SOUTH AFRICA Reminiscences of his Contemporaries Compiled by: E. S. Reddy [NOTE: This compilation consists of selected articles and short passages in books. For additional information, please see appendix.] 2 CONTENTS ANDREWS, C. F. “The Tribute of a Friend” (in Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, ed., Mahatma Gandhi: Essays and Reflections on His Life and Work. Fourth edition. Bombay: Jaico Publishing House, 1977. Originally published in 1939.) CATT, Mrs. Carie Chapman “Gandhi and South Africa” (in The Woman Citizen, March 1922) CURTIS, Lionel “Two meetings with Gandhi” (in Radhakrishnan, op. cit.) DESAI, Pragji “Satyagraha in South Africa” (in Chandrashanker Shukla, ed., Reminiscences of Gandhiji by Forty-eight Contributors. Bombay: Vora & Co., 1951.) GANDHI, Manilal “Memories of Gandhiji” (in Indian Review, Madras, March 1952) KRAUSE, F.E.T. “Gandhiji in South Africa” (in Shukla, op. cit.) LAWRENCE, Vincent “Sixty Years Memoir” (extract) MEHTA, P.J. “M.K. Gandhi and the South African Indian Problem” (in Indian Review, Madras, May 1911) PHILLIPS, Agnes M. “Recollections” (in Shukla, op. cit.) POLAK, H.S.L. “South African Reminiscences” (in Indian Review, Madras, February, March and May 1925) “A South African Reminiscence” (in Indian Review, October 1926) “Memories of Gandhi” (in Contemporary Review, London, March 1948) “Some South African Reminiscences” (in Chandrashanker Shukla, ed., Incidents of Gandhiji’s Life, by Fifty-four Contributors. Bombay: Vora & Co., 1949.) 3 POLAK, Mrs. Millie Graham “In the South African Days” (in Shukla, Incidents of Gandhiji’s Life.) “My South African Days with Gandhi” (in Indian Review, October 1964) POLAK, H.S.L. AND Mrs. Millie Graham “Gandhi, the Man” (in Indian Review, October 1929) SMUTS, J.C.