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Recommendations for Freshwater Diversion to Louisiana Estuaries

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Recommendations for Freshwater Diversion to Louisiana Estuaries 0 0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 0 FRESHWATER DIVERSION TO LOUISIANA ESTUARIES EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER 0 0 DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES COASTAL MANAGBIIBNT SECTION 0 0 Cover: a A plume of turbid water emanates from Bayou Lamoque as freshwater is diverted from the Mississippi River into the Breton �ound estuary to control salinity levels �nd enhance oyster production (p. 2). _ 0 0 . , 0 n 0 0 0 � 0 0 This document was published at a cost of $3.17 per copy by the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 44396, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, for the purpose of carrying out the requirements of the Louisiana Coastal Zone Management Program under the authority of Act 361 of 1979. This material was printed in accordance with 0 the standards for printing by state agencies established pursuant to R.S. 43:31 and was purchased in accordance with the provisions of Title 43 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes. This project was financed through a grant provided under the Coastal Management Act of l9n, amendeci, which is administered by the U.S. Office of Coastal Zone Management, asNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 0 � 0 0 0 D RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FRESHWATER DIVERSION TO LOUISIANA EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER 0 ESTUARIES ( D by J. L. van Beek 0 D. Roberts D. Davis D. Sabins S. M. Gagliano 0 · Coastal Environments, Inc. 0 Baton Rouge, LA 0 This study was funded by: 0 Office of Coastal Zone Management National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 0 Department of Commerce · o prepared for: Coastal Management Section a Louisiana Department of Natural Resources G Baton Rouge, Louisiana 0 JUNE 1982 0 0 0 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 CHAPTER IV: SUPPLEMENTAL FRESHWATER REQUIREMENTS List of Phot()S iii ... ............ 13 ....•....................•.•.•....••..•.....•.••••.....•.•••. List of Figures iii ............................ List of Tables iii Method of Analysis ...... ... .................... ....................... 13 . Acknowledgements iv Freshwater lnfiow Data 13 0 . ........................................... ..... Freshwater and Salinity ................. ....................... ........ 16 CHAPTER I: INTRODUC110N Results of Analysis 16 . 1 .................................... ................ Freshwater Needs ...................................... ............... 17 rn Review of Past Work Diversion Volumes ..... ................................................ 18 ••••••••••• . 2 Scope of Present Work ....................... ....... ...... ............ 2 CHAPTER V: PROPOSED SITES FOR FRESHWATER DIVERSION .............. 23 D CHAPTER D: ANALYSIS OF SALINITY-INDUCED HABITAT CHANGE, General Considerations 23 1955-1978 . 3 •••••••••• ......................... ............. Site Anal'Y9is ...........•..•.....•..•...•..•.•.•..•.••.•..•..•.•....•.. 24 Pontehartrain Watershed Pontehartrain and Lake Borgne Watersheds D 4 ................ ...... ......... 26 . Lake Borgne Watershed Breton SoWld Watershed 28 . 4 ........ ......................... ... ........... .................................... Breton Sound Watershed 4 . ..................................... CHAPTER PREDICTED RESULTS AND POSSffiLE IMPACTS 31 VI: ............ .... 0 CHAPTER ill: GOALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 5 Pontehartrain Watershed ............................................... 31 Lake Borgne Watershed Habitat Types and Optimum Salinity Regimes ........................ ......... ... ............ 32 . 5 Environmental Units and Management Goals Breton Som1d Watershed 33 0 . 9 ................... ............. ................ Pontehartrain Watershed Effect on Salinity Regimes of the Capture of Mississippi . ...................... 9 Lake Borgne Watershed River Flow by the A tehafalaya River 35 . 9 .... ............... ................ MRGO Marsh Unit 0 ••••••• .............. ... ..... ................. 10 Breton Sound Watershed CHAPTER SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 37 . 11 VU: ............. ..... ............ REFERENCES 39 ............................................................ u PLATES 42 ••...•......••..••..•..•..•••.•...•••.....•.•.....••...•.•.•..•..• 11 u � 0 D •• 11 il D r LIST OF PHOTOS LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1. Approximate Acreages of Salinity-induced Habitat Oyster l>oa.t returning to doek ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 Change in the Lake Pontt!hartrain, Lake Borgn.e, 0 Dead cypress swamp in St. Bernard Parish •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3 and Breton Somld Watersllecig • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 Healthy cypress typelCJg�Jm swamp ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 Table 3-1 Percentage Habitat Utilization by Puddle Ducks in Fresh marsh domina.ted by eattall .••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• 7 Coa.stal.Lotlisiana • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • La.Jisiana trawer skinnillg' mliSkrat •.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 , 8 Table3-2 Estimated Fur Catcll Per 1000 Aeres of Coastal Marsh • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 6 Ecotone of cypress swamp and fresh marsh, St. Charles Parish ••••••••••••••••••• 9 Table 3-3 Summary of Life History andHabitat Data for the MRGO at Southern Natural Gas pipeline looking south •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 Ameriean Oyster • . • . • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 Intermediate marsh near Cae on . • . • . • . • • • . • . • • • • • • ••••••••••••••••••• 11 marv . TableH Summary of Wetland Habitats, Salinity Regimes,and Industry with river frontage, wetlands in the backgrowtd •••••••••••••••••••••••• 23 their Associated Wildlife Fisheries R • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 Freshwater siphon at Violet, St. Bernard Parish •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24 and esources Table 4-1 Keyto Salinity Stations Used inthe Study • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13 Freshwater siphon at Whites Ditch, Plaquemines Parish ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 25 Table 4-2 Hydrologic Unit I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 17 a Bay011 Lamoque Struetll:re 12 • • • • . •.•.••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 26 Cae on Canal, Big Mar, and Braithewaite Park and Table4-3 Hyctrologi.e Unit D •••• , , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 'I marv TableH Monthly Exeeedanee Discharges, Gaged andCorreeted Golf Cotlrse • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 28 Total • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 l.cMiisiana's renewable wetland •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 31 0 reso��rees Table Mississippi River Stages NearEDsting and Proposed Three-c!Omered grass marsh near Lake Lery ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 33 4-5 Diversion Sites for 50% and 80% Exceedanee Freshwater plume from the Bayou Lamoque diversion structures ••••••••••••••••• 35 DisC!Ilarges • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 D Table4-6 Estimated Diseharges at Bonnet Carre and Resultant Salinities at Bayou St. Malo for Variotm Structure Sizes (50CX. exee-edance) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 Table 4-7 Estimated Diseharges at Bonnet Carre and Resultant ·o Salinities at Bayou St. Malo for Various Structure Sizes (BOCKt exceedanee) ... .... ..... .... ... ..... , • • • • • • • • • • 19 Table 4-8 Predicted Diseharges at Bonnet Carre and Resultant 0 LIST OF FIGURES Salinities at Middle Causeway forVarious Structll:re Sizes (50% exce-edanee) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 Table4-9 Predicted Diseharges at Bonnet Carreand Resultant Figure 4-1 Freshwater sourees base map for Hydrologic Units Salinities at Middle Causeway for Various Structure I and U • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 14 Sizes (80% ex:ceedan.ee) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 Figure 4-2 Mean monthly predit!ted salinities for Bayou St. Table 4-10 Predicted Diseharges at Caemarvon and Resultant Malo and Middle Causeway with and without the Salinities at Bay Gardene for Various Structure Bonnet Carre diversion for 50% ext!eedance Sizes (50� exeeedanee) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21 criteria •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • 21 Table 4-11 Predit!ted Discharges at Caernarvon and Resultant Figure 4-3 Mean monthly predit!ted salinities forBay Gardene Salinities at Bay Gardene for Various Structure and Lake Petit with and without the Caernarvon Sizes (80� ezeeedance) • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21 diversion for 50% exceedance t!riteria • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 Table 4-12 Predicted Disehargeat Caemarvon and Resultant Figure5-1 Proposed diversion plan for Hydrologic Unit I Salinities at Lake Petit for Various Structure at Bonnet Carre • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2'1 Sizes (50CK» e][eeedanee) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 Figure 5-2 Proposeddiversion planfor Hydrologic Unit 0 Table 4-13 Predicted Disehargesat Caemarvon and Resultant at Caemarvon • •
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