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WO 2016/193753 A2 8 December 2016 (08.12.2016) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization I International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/193753 A2 8 December 2016 (08.12.2016) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agent: BOULT WADE TENNANT; Verulam Gardens, A61B 90/00 (2016.01) 70 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8BT (GB). (21) International Application Number: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every PCT/GB20 16/05 1649 kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (22) International Filing Date: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, 3 June 2016 (03.06.2016) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (25) Filing Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, (26) Publication Language: English MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, (30) Priority Data: PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, 62/170,768 4 June 2015 (04.06.2015) US SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (71) Applicant: ENDOMAGNETICS LTD. [GB/GB]; Jef freys Building, St John's Innovation Park, Cowley Road, (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB4 0WS (GB). -
Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing at Level 2
XA0054311 Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic , 1 Particle Testing at Level 2 Manual for the Syllabi Contained in IAEA-TECDOC-628, ' "-ft "Training Guidelines in Non-destructive Testing Techniques" 3 1-16 •\ TRAINING COURSE SERIES TRAINING COURSE SERIES No. 11 Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing at Level 2 Manual for the Syllabi Contained in IAEA-TECDOC-628, "Training Guidelines in Non-destructive Testing Techniques" INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, 2000 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Industrial Applications and Chemistry Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria LIQUID PENETRANT AND MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING AT LEVEL 2 IAEA, VIENNA, 2000 IAEA-TCS-11 © IAEA, 2000 Printed by the IAEA in Austria February 2000 FOREWORD The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been active in the promotion of non- destructive testing (NDT) technology in the world for many decades. The prime reason for this interest has been the need for stringent standards for quality control for safe operation of industrial as well a nuclear installations. It has successfully executed a number of programmes and regional projects of which NDT was an important part. Through these programmes a large number of persons have been trained in the member states and a state of self sufficiency in this area of technology has been achieved in many of them. All along there has been a realization of the need to have well established training guidelines and related books in order, firstly, to guide the IAEA experts who were involved in this training programme and, secondly, to achieve some level of international uniformity and harmonization of training materials and consequent competence of personnel. -
Cobalt – Essential to High Performance Magnetics
COBALT Essential to High Performance Magnetics Robert Baylis Steve Constantinides Manager – Industrial Minerals Research Director of Technology Roskill Information Services Ltd. Arnold Magnetic Technologies Corp. London, UK Rochester, NY USA Our World Touches Your World Every Day… © Arnold Magnetic Technologies 1 • Magnetic materials range from soft (not retaining its own magnetic field) to hard (retaining a field in the absence of external forces). • Cobalt, as one of the three naturally ferromagnetic elements, has played a crucial role in the development of magnetic materials • And remains, today, essential to some of the highest performing materials – both soft and hard. Agenda • Quick review of basics • Soft magnetic materials • Semi-Hard magnetic materials • Permanent Magnets • Price Issues • New Material R&D Our World Touches Your World Every Day… © Arnold Magnetic Technologies 2 • Let’s begin with a brief explanation of what is meant by soft, semi-hard and hard when speaking of magnetic characteristics. Key Characteristics of Magnetic Materials Units Symbol Name CGS, SI What it means Ms, Js Saturation Magnetization Gauss, Tesla Maximum induced magnetic contribution from the magnet Br Residual Induction Gauss, Tesla Net external field remaining due to the magnet after externally applied fields have been removed 3 (BH)max Maximum Energy Product MGOe, kJ/m Maximum product of B and H along the Normal curve HcB (Normal) Coercivity Value of H on the hysteresis loop where B = 0 HcJ Intrinsic Coercivity Value of H on the hysteresis loop where B-H = 0 μinit Initial Permeability (none) Slope of the hysteresis loop as H is raised from 0 to a small positive value μmax Maximum Permeability (none) Maximum slope of a line drawn from the origin and tangent to the (Normal) hysteresis curve in the first quadrant ρ Resistivity μOhm•cm Resistance to flow of electric current; inverse of conductivity Our World Touches Your World Every Day… © Arnold Magnetic Technologies 3 • These are most of the important characteristics that magnetic materials exhibit. -
Properties of Some Metals and Alloys
Properties of Some Metals and Alloys COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS • WHITE METALS AND ALLOYS • ALUMINUM AND ALLOYS • MAGNESIUM ALLOYS • TITANIUM ALLOYS • RESISTANCE HEATING ALLOYS • MAGNETIC ALLOYS • CON- TROLLED EXPANSION AND CON- STANT — MODULUS ALLOYS • NICKEL AND ALLOYS • MONEL* NICKEL- COPPER ALLOYS • INCOLOY* NICKEL- IRON-CHROMIUM ALLOYS • INCONEL* NICKEL-CHROMIUM-IRON ALLOYS • NIMONIC* NICKEL-CHROMIUM ALLOYS • HASTELLOY* ALLOYS • CHLORIMET* ALLOYS • ILLIUM* ALLOYS • HIGH TEMPERATURE-HIGH STRENGTH ALLOYS • IRON AND STEEL ALLOYS • CAST IRON ALLOYS • WROUGHT STAINLESS STEEL • CAST CORROSION AND HEAT RESISTANT ALLOYS* REFRACTORY METALS AND ALLOYS • PRECIOUS METALS Copyright 1982, The International Nickel Company, Inc. Properties of Some Metals INTRODUCTION The information assembled in this publication has and Alloys been obtained from various sources. The chemical compositions and the mechanical and physical proper- ties are typical for the metals and alloys listed. The sources that have been most helpful are the metal and alloy producers, ALLOY DIGEST, WOLDMAN’S ENGI- NEERING ALLOYS, International Nickel’s publications and UNIFIED NUMBERING SYSTEM for METALS and ALLOYS. These data are presented to facilitate general compari- son and are not intended for specification or design purposes. Variations from these typical values can be expected and will be dependent upon mill practice and material form and size. Strength is generally higher, and ductility correspondingly lower, in the smaller sizes of rods and bars and in cold-drawn wire; the converse is true for the larger sizes. In the case of carbon, alloy and hardenable stainless steels, mechanical proper- ties and hardnesses vary widely with the particular heat treatment used. REFERENCES Many of the alloys listed in this publication are marketed under well-known trademarks of their pro- ducers, and an effort has been made to associate such trademarks with the applicable materials listed herein. -
A Sheffield Hallam University Thesis
Particle shape anisotropy and its effects in AlNiCo and Fe-Cr-Co magnet alloys. GRAY, P. Available from the Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19715/ A Sheffield Hallam University thesis This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Please visit http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19715/ and http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html for further details about copyright and re-use permissions. 78177880 :L4- Sheffield City Polytechnic Eric Mensforth Library REFERENCE ONLY This book must not be taken from the Library PL/26 R5193 ProQuest Number: 10697017 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10697017 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 PARTICLE SHAPE -
Hall Effect Sensing and Application
HALL EFFECT SENSING AND APPLICATION MICRO SWITCH Sensing and Control 7DEOHRI&RQWHQWV Chapter 1 • Hall Effect Sensing Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Hall Effect Sensors..................................................................................................................... 1 Why use the Hall Effect .............................................................................................................. 2 Using this Manual....................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 • Hall Effect Sensors Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 Theory of the Hall Effect ............................................................................................................. 3 Basic Hall effect sensors ............................................................................................................ 4 Analog output sensors................................................................................................................ 5 Output vs. power supply characteristics ..................................................................................... 5 Transfer Function ....................................................................................................................... 6 Digital output sensors................................................................................................................ -
WO 2018/183396 Al 04 October 2018 (04.10.2018) W !P O PCT
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/183396 Al 04 October 2018 (04.10.2018) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: (US). CHRISTIANSEN, Daniel, Thomas; 1263 Califor B29C 64/321 (2017.01) B29C 64/209 (2017.01) nia Street, Mountain View, CA 94041 (US). ROMANO, B29C 64/393 (2017.01) B33Y 50/02 (2015.01) Richard, Joseph; 525 Felix Way, San Jose, CA 95 125 B29C 64/357 (20 17.0 1) B33Y 40/00 (20 15.0 1) (US). VITANOV, Anatolii; 4755 El Rey Avenue, Fre B29C 64/264 (2017.01) mont, CA 94536 (US). LAPPEN, Alan, Rick; 394 Avenida Abetos, San Jose, CA 95 123 (US). (21) International Application Number: PCT/US20 18/024667 (74) Agent: LYFORD, Nicholas et al; Velo3D, Inc., 511 Divi sion Street, Campbell, CA 95008 (US). (22) International Filing Date: 27 March 2018 (27.03.2018) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, (25) Filing Language: English AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (26) Publication Language: English CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (30) Priority Data: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, 62/477,848 28 March 2017 (28.03.2017) US KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (71) Applicant: VEL03D, INC. -
Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing at Level 2
TRAINING COURSE SERIES No. 11 Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing at Level 2 Manual for the Syllabi Contained in IAEA-TECDOC-628, “Training Guidelines in Non-destructive Testing Techniques” INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, 2000 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Industrial Applications and Chemistry Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria LIQUID PENETRANT AND MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING AT LEVEL 2 IAEA, VIENNA, 2000 IAEA-TCS-11 © IAEA, 2000 Printed by the IAEA in Austria February 2000 FOREWORD The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been active in the promotion of non- destructive testing (NDT) technology in the world for many decades. The prime reason for this interest has been the need for stringent standards for quality control for safe operation of industrial as well a nuclear installations. It has successfully executed a number of programmes and regional projects of which NDT was an important part. Through these programmes a large number of persons have been trained in the member states and a state of self sufficiency in this area of technology has been achieved in many of them. All along there has been a realization of the need to have well established training guidelines and related books in order, firstly, to guide the IAEA experts who were involved in this training programme and, secondly, to achieve some level of international uniformity and harmonization of training materials and consequent competence of personnel. The syllabi for training courses have been published in the form of two TECDOC publications. -
Web Pages-Magnetic Properties
Material Science Prof. Satish V. Kailas Associate Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560012 India Chapter 16. Magnetic properties Magnetism • Magnetism is a phenomenon by which a material exerts either attractive or repulsive force on another. • Basic source of magnetic force is movement of electrically charged particles. Thus magnetic behavior of a material can be traced to the structure of atoms. • Electrons in atoms have a planetary motion in that they go around the nucleus. This orbital motion and its own spin cause separate magnetic moments, which contribute to the magnetic behavior of materials. Thus every material can respond to a magnetic field. • However, the manner in which a material responds depend much on its atomic structure, and determines whether a material will be strongly or weakly magnetic. Bohr magneton • Magnetic moment due to spin of an electron is known as Bohr magneton, MB. qh −24 2 M B = = 9.274X 10 A . m 4πme • where q is the charge on the electron, h – Planck’s constant, me – mass of electron. • Bohr magneton is the most fundamental magnetic moment. Why not all materials are magnets? • As every material consists spinning electrons, each of them could be a magnet. Fortunately, not so! • There are two reasons for it. • First: according to Pauli exclusion rule, two electrons with same energy level must have opposite spins – thus so are their magnetic moments, which cancel out each other. • Second: orbital moments of electrons also cancel out each other – thus no net magnetic moments if there is no unpaired electron(s). -
Magnet Guide & Tutorial
Magnet Guide & Tutorial For more information please contact: Alliance LLC 1150 Eastport Center Drive Phone: 219-548-3799 Valparaiso, IN. 46383 Fax: 219-548-7071 www.Allianceorg.com e-mail: [email protected] Table of Contents Introduction 2 History of Magnets 3 Global Trend for Magnets 4 Magnetic Materials Introduction 5 Definitions and Terminology 6 Conversions 10 Hysteresis and Demag Curve 11 Typical Supplier Data Sheets 12 NdFeB at Various Temperatures 15 Attributes of Magnet Materials 16 Highest Properties of Magnets 17 Manufacturing Processes 18 NdFeB and SmCo Manufacturing 19 Alnico Manufacturing 20 Ferrite Manufacturing 21 NdFeB Coatings 22 Adverse Effects on Magnets 23 Magnet Assembly 26 Machining of Magnets 27 Handling of Magnets 28 Magnetization Process 29 Magnetization Types 30 Testing Magnets 31 Initial Design Considerations 34 Selection of Magnet Materials 35 Things to Include on Your Drawing 36 Contact information and References 37 Introduction This guide has been developed to provide the fundamental basics of magnetic materials, their properties, methods of manufacture, and costing so that the user has adequate knowledge when deciding what type or grade of material should be used in various applications. Magnets have enormous importance in the modern world. It would be hard to imagine life without their contributions in today’s products. Automobiles have several hundred magnets from motor to sensor applications; Consumer electronics utilize them to generate video, sound and record; Computers would not exist; and the medical field would not have the benefit of MRIs and many high RPM instruments used in surgery and dentistry. The main purpose of magnets is to help in the conversion of energy: Mechanical to Electrical, such as in generators, sensors and microphones Electrical to Mechanical, such as in motors, actuators and loudspeakers Mechanical to Mechanical, such as for couplings, bearing and holding devices With such importance and the complexities of devices utilizing magnets, they are a relatively easy material to understand. -
Low Cost Malaria Detection
Low Cost Malaria Detection A Major Qualifying Project Report submitted to the faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science Submitted By: _______________________ Benjamin Grondin __________________________ Benjamin Hassett _________________________ Taryn Loomis ___________________________ Professor Zoe Reidinger Ph.D., Advisor Department of Biomedical Engineering Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 1 Authorship Page ........................................................................................................................ 5 Abstract...................................................................................................................................... 6 Table of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 7 Table of Tables .......................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review .....................................................................................................11 2.1 Malaria ............................................................................................................................11 -
Chapter 20 Magnetic Properties
• 803 Chapter 20 Magnetic Properties (a) Transmission electron micrograph showing the microstructure of the perpendicular magnetic recording medium used in hard disk (a) drives. (b) Magnetic storage hard disks used in Courtesy of Seagate Recording Media laptop (left) and desktop (right) computers. (b) © William D. Callister, Jr. (c) The inside of a hard disk drive. The circular disk will typically spin at a rotational velocity of 5400 or 7200 revolutions per minute. (d) A laptop computer; one of its internal components is a hard disk drive. (c) © CostinT/iStockphoto Courtesy of Seagate Recording Media (d) • 803 804 • Chapter 20 / Magnetic Properties WHY STUDY the Magnetic Properties of Materials? An understanding of the mechanism that explains the properties. For example, in Design Example 20.1 we permanent magnetic behavior of some materials may note how the behavior of a ceramic magnetic material allow us to alter and in some cases tailor the magnetic may be enhanced by changing its composition. Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1. Determine the magnetization of some material 4. In terms of crystal structure, explain the source given its magnetic susceptibility and the applied of ferrimagnetism for cubic ferrites. magnetic field strength. 5. (a) Describe magnetic hysteresis; (b) explain why 2. From an electronic perspective, note and briefly ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials experi- explain the two sources of magnetic moments in ence magnetic hysteresis; and (c) explain why materials. these materials may become permanent magnets. 3. Briefly explain the nature and source of 6. Note the distinctive magnetic characteristics for (a) diamagnetism, (b) paramagnetism, and both soft and hard magnetic materials.