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WO 2018/183396 Al 04 October 2018 (04.10.2018) W !P O PCT

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(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/183396 Al 04 October 2018 (04.10.2018) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: (US). CHRISTIANSEN, Daniel, Thomas; 1263 Califor B29C 64/321 (2017.01) B29C 64/209 (2017.01) nia Street, Mountain View, CA 94041 (US). ROMANO, B29C 64/393 (2017.01) B33Y 50/02 (2015.01) Richard, Joseph; 525 Felix Way, San Jose, CA 95 125 B29C 64/357 (20 17.0 1) B33Y 40/00 (20 15.0 1) (US). VITANOV, Anatolii; 4755 El Rey Avenue, Fre B29C 64/264 (2017.01) mont, CA 94536 (US). LAPPEN, Alan, Rick; 394 Avenida Abetos, San Jose, CA 95 123 (US). (21) International Application Number: PCT/US20 18/024667 (74) Agent: LYFORD, Nicholas et al; Velo3D, Inc., 511 Divi sion Street, Campbell, CA 95008 (US). (22) International Filing Date: 27 March 2018 (27.03.2018) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, (25) Filing Language: English AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (26) Publication Language: English CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (30) Priority Data: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, 62/477,848 28 March 2017 (28.03.2017) US KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (71) Applicant: VEL03D, INC. [US/US]; 511 Division Street, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, Campbell, CA 95008 (US). OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, (72) Inventors: FRECHMAN, James; 5 14 Robertsville Court, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. San Jose, CA 951 18 (US). BREZOCZKY, Thomas, Blasius; 16460 Lucky Road, Los Gatos, CA 95030 (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (US). BIRTWHISTLE, Darin, Shaun; 275 Valdez Ave, kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, San Francisco, CA 94127 (US). BULLER, Benyamin; GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, 22191 Mcclelian Road, Cupertino, CA 95014 (US). EL- UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, GAR, Yacov; 15 19 Oriole Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94087 TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, (54) Title: MATERIAL MANIPULATION IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING (57) Abstract: The present disclosure provides three-dimensional (3D) printing systems, apparatuses, software, and methods for the produc tion of at least one requested 3D object. The 3D printer includes a m a terial conveyance system, filtering system, and unpacking station. The material conveyance system may transport pre-transformed material against gravity. The 3D printing described herein comprises facilitat ing non-interrupted material dispensing through a component of the 3D printer, such as a layer dispenser. [Continued on nextpage] WO 2018/183396 Al llll II II 11III II I I II III II 11II III II I II EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). Published: MATERIAL MANIPULATION IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims benefit of prior-filed U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/477,848, filed on March 28, 2017, titled "MATERIAL CONVEYANCE IN THREE- DIMENSIONAL PRINTERS," which is entirely incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND [0002] Three-dimensional (3D) printing (e.g., additive manufacturing) is a process for making a three-dimensional object of any shape from a design. The design may be in the form of a data source such as an electronic data source, or may be in the form of a hard copy. The hard copy may be a two-dimensional representation of a 3D object. The data source may be an electronic 3D model. 3D printing may be accomplished through an additive process in which successive layers of material are laid down one on top of another. This process may be controlled (e.g., computer controlled, manually controlled, or both). A 3D printer can be an industrial robot. [0003] 3D printing can generate custom parts. A variety of materials can be used in a 3D printing process including elemental metal, metal alloy, ceramic, elemental carbon, or polymeric material. In some 3D printing processes (e.g., additive manufacturing), a first layer of hardened material is formed (e.g., by welding powder), and thereafter successive layers of hardened material are added one by one, wherein each new layer of hardened material is added on a pre formed layer of hardened material, until the entire designed three-dimensional structure (3D object) is layer-wise materialized. [0004] 3D models may be created with a computer aided design package, via 3D scanner, or manually. The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics may be similar to plastic arts, such as sculpting or animating. 3D scanning is a process of analyzing and collecting digital data on the shape and appearance of a real object (e.g., real-life object). Based on this data, 3D models of the scanned object can be produced. [0005] A number of 3D printing processes are currently available. They may differ in the manner layers are deposited to create the materialized 3D structure (e.g., hardened 3D structure). They may vary in the material or materials that are used to materialize the designed 3D object. Some methods melt, sinter, or soften material to produce the layers that form the 3D object. Examples for 3D printing methods include selective laser melting (SLM), selective laser sintering (SLS), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) or fused deposition modeling (FDM). Other methods cure liquid materials using different technologies such as stereo lithography (SLA). In the method of laminated object manufacturing (LOM), thin layers (made inter alia of paper, polymer, or metal) are cut to shape and joined together. [0006] At times, during the process of dispensing pre-transformed (e.g., particulate) material as part of the 3D printing, the pre-transformed material may be dispensed in a discontinuous manner, or cease to be dispensed. For examples, there may be one or more intermissions in the conveyance of the pre-transformed material during the 3D printing. The intermissions(s) may be undesired. For example, the material dispenser may run out of pre-transformed material. For example, the material dispensing process may pause (e.g., stop) to refill the material dispenser. In some situations, it may be desired to diminish the number of (e.g., undesired) interruptions to the material dispensing process. At times, it may be desirable to facilitate a continuous movement (e.g., flow) of the pre-transformed material (e.g., to allow non- interrupted and/or smooth deposition). At times, it may be desirable to convey an excess amount of pre-transformed material (e.g., as a result of leveling, vacuuming, or unused material) to the material dispenser. At times, there may be an excess of material that is not used during the 3D printing. The excess of material may be recycled and/or reused during the 3D printing. In some embodiments, there may be a need for a conveyance system of the excess material to the material dispenser. [0007] In some embodiments, material is supplied in bulk qualities. There may be a need for a conveyance system that conveys material to the material dispenser. The conveyance system may facilitate uninterrupted function of the material dispenser. The conveyance system may facilitate continuous flow of pre-transformed material to the material dispenser. [0008] In some examples, it may be beneficial to transport pre-transformed material against gravity (e.g., in an upwards direction). For example, it may be beneficial to transport the pre- transformed material from a reservoir containing a large amount of pre-transformed material, against gravity to a reservoir containing a smaller amount of pre-transformed material. For example, it may be beneficial to keep large quantities of the pre-transformed material in a large reservoir disposed at a low elevation (e.g., relative to a position of the material dispenser) for ease of operation (e.g., handling), and/or safety consideration. SUMMARY [0009] In an aspect, the present disclosure comprises a transporting of pre-transformed material from a reservoir during a portion of the 3D printing process. The transporting may be against gravity. [0010] In another aspect, a system for three-dimensional printing of at least one three- dimensional object comprises: a material dispenser that dispenses a pre-transformed material towards a platform; a first pressure container that is configured to contain the pre-transformed material, which first pressure container is operatively coupled to the material dispenser; a gas conveyor channel that is operatively coupled to the first pressure container; a material conveyor channel that is operatively coupled to the first pressure container, the gas conveyor channel, and the material dispenser; and at least one controller that is operatively coupled to the material dispenser, the first pressure container, the gas conveyor channel, and the material conveyor channel, which at least one controller is programmed to direct performance of the following operations: operation (i) direct insertion of at least one gas into the first pressure container, through the gas conveyor channel, to elevate the pressure in the pressure container, operation (ii) direct conveying of the pre-transformed material from the pressure container to the material dispenser through the material conveyor channel, as a result of an elevated pressure in the pressure container, operation (iii) direct dispensing of conveyed pre-transformed material towards the platform, and operation (iv) direct printing, during dispensing or after dispensing, of at least a portion of the at least one three-dimensional object, from the pre-transformed material.
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  • Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing at Level 2

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    XA0054311 Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic , 1 Particle Testing at Level 2 Manual for the Syllabi Contained in IAEA-TECDOC-628, ' "-ft "Training Guidelines in Non-destructive Testing Techniques" 3 1-16 •\ TRAINING COURSE SERIES TRAINING COURSE SERIES No. 11 Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing at Level 2 Manual for the Syllabi Contained in IAEA-TECDOC-628, "Training Guidelines in Non-destructive Testing Techniques" INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, 2000 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Industrial Applications and Chemistry Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria LIQUID PENETRANT AND MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING AT LEVEL 2 IAEA, VIENNA, 2000 IAEA-TCS-11 © IAEA, 2000 Printed by the IAEA in Austria February 2000 FOREWORD The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been active in the promotion of non- destructive testing (NDT) technology in the world for many decades. The prime reason for this interest has been the need for stringent standards for quality control for safe operation of industrial as well a nuclear installations. It has successfully executed a number of programmes and regional projects of which NDT was an important part. Through these programmes a large number of persons have been trained in the member states and a state of self sufficiency in this area of technology has been achieved in many of them. All along there has been a realization of the need to have well established training guidelines and related books in order, firstly, to guide the IAEA experts who were involved in this training programme and, secondly, to achieve some level of international uniformity and harmonization of training materials and consequent competence of personnel.