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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76039-3 — a Concise History of Italy Christopher Duggan Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76039-3 — A Concise History of Italy Christopher Duggan Index More Information INDEX Abruzzi, 15 Amari, Michele (1806–89), 5 Acerbo Law, 210 Ambrose, Saint (c. 334–97), 32 Action Party (1943–7), 243–5, 248, 251 Amendola, Giovanni (1886–1926), 215 Adua, Battle of (1896), 171, 236 America, North, 19, 197, 220, 255, 256, Afghanistan, 287 257, 281, 288 Africa, 12, 171, 187, 240 America, South, 19, 117 see also Ethiopia; Libya anarchism, anarchists, 21, 164, 172, 189, AGIP (Azienda Generale Italiana dei 192, 202 Petroli), 238 Ancona, 91 Agnelli, Giovanni (1866–1945), 185 Andreotti, Giulio (1919–2013), 286, agriculture, 16, 17–18, 33, 36, 38, 65, 298 66, 70, 72–4, 101–2, 147, 150, 164, Angevins, 46, 49 176–7, 240, 256, 264 annona, 82 see also fascism; landowners; latifondi; Ansaldo (firm), 152, 179, 195 peasants; sharecroppers; Antonuzzo, Antonio (b.1938), 267 smallholders; South; wheat Apennines, 14 Agro Romano, 78 Apostolic Brothers, 52 Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of (1748), 76 Apulia, 11, 28, 40 Albania, 11, 28, 240 Aquileia, 49 Alberti, Leon Battista (1404–72), 60 Arabs, 11, 12, 34–5, 37, 40 Alessandria, 76 Aragon, Aragonese, 45, 62 Alexander VI (1431–1503), Pope Arezzo, 57 (1492–1503), 62 Argentina, 19 Alfa, Alfa Romeo, 175, 266 Ariosto, Ludovico (1474–1535), 63 Alfieri, Vittorio (1749–1803), 88 Aristotle (384–22 BC), 56 Alfonso of Aragon (1396–1458), King of armistice (1943), 242 Sicily (from1416) and Naples (from army, 13, 78, 97, 138, 141, 156, 171, 1442), 57, 59 183, 193, 203, 213, 237, 239, 240, Alitalia, 266, 304–5 241, 242, 249, 270, 278 Alleanza Nazionale, 296, 297, 300, Arpinati, Leandro (1892–1945), 203 301, 303 Aspromonte (1862), Plate 18 Allende, Salvador (1908–73), 285 Austria, 12, 13, 76, 89, 99, 100–1, 113, Alps, 9, 22, 97 114, 121, 124, 128–9, 144, 167, Alvaro, Corrado (1895–1956), 246 191, 197 Amalfi, 13, 34, 37, 40 autarky, 238 324 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76039-3 — A Concise History of Italy Christopher Duggan Index More Information Index 325 autonomy, regional, see regionalism Bernardino, San (1380–1444), 54 Avanguardia Operaia, 274 Bismarck, Prince Otto von (1815–98), Avignon, 46 167–8 Azeglio, family of d’, 94, 97 Bizzoni, Achille (1841–1903), 165 Azeglio, Massimo d’ (1798–1866), 111, Black Death (1348), 52 113, 124, 145 Blasetti, Alessandro (1900–81), 227 Boccaccio, Giovanni (1313–75), 56 Bacchini, Benedetto (1651–1721), 80 Bocchini, Arturo (1880–1942), 213 Badoglio, Pietro (1871–1956), 242, 245 Boccioni, Umberto (1882–1916), Plate 26 Bakunin, Michael (1814–76), Bologna, 23, 32, 46, 65, 129, 145, 21, 163 202, 282 Balbo, Cesare (1789–1853), 104, 113, Bonaparte, Joseph (1768–1844), King of 114, 122 Naples 1806–8, 93 Balbo, Italo (1896–1940), 205, 228 Bonaparte, Napoleon (1769–1821), Balkans, 11, 32, 187, 191, 235 Emperor of France (1804–15), 12, Banca Commerciale Italiana, 176 89–96, 128 Banca Romana, 166, 170 Boniface VIII (c. 1235–1303), Pope Bandello, Matteo (1485–1561), 4 (1294–1303), 46 Bandiera brothers, Attilio (1810–44), Bonomi, Ivanoe (1873–1951), Emilio (1819–44), 21, 112 223, 245 bandits, banditry, 27, 70, 87, 98, Borghese, Prince Valerio (1906–74), 140, 250 269 banking, 51, 60, 66, 69, 166, 176, 222 Bossi, Umberto (b.1941), 294, 296, 297, Bank of Italy, 222–3, 297 298 Baratieri, Oreste (1841–1901), 236 Bottai, Giuseppe (1895–1959), 218 Barbarasi, family of, 43 Botticelli, Sandro (1445–1510), 60 Barbarossa, Frederick (c. 1123–90), bourgeoisie, 68, 74, 80, 94, 95, 111, 119, Emperor 1152–90, 44 120, 138, 186, 253 Bardi, family of, 51 see also middle classes Bari, 12, 33 Bramante, Donato (1444–1514), 60 Baroque, 65 Brescia, 22, 82, 164 Basilicata, 262 Brindisi, 13, 242 ‘battle of grain’, see under fascism Britain, the British, 12, 69, 89, 93, 97, 99, Beauharnais, Eugène de 101, 106, 111, 118, 128, 131, 147, (1781–1824), 93 152, 174, 185, 197, 222, 236, 238, Beccaria, Cesare (1738–94), 82 245, 257, 265, 277, 288 Belgium, 111, 118 Bronte, 131 Belisarius (505–65), 32 Bruges, 56 Bellini, Giovanni (c. 1430–1516), 60 Bruno, Giordano (1548–1600), 165 Bembo, Pietro (1470–1547), 63 Buonarroti, Filippo (1761–1837), 92, Beneduce, Alberto (1877–1944), 223 107, 108 Benetton (firm), 288 Buondelmonte de’ Buondelmonti Benevento, 34, 163 (d. 1215), 43 Benevento, Battle of (1266), 45 bureaucracy, bureaucrats, 74, 77, 100, Bergamo, 1 105, 141–143, 158, 179, 213, 231, Berlinguer, Enrico (1922–84), 285–6 248, 269, 270 Berlusconi, Paolo (b. 1949), 297 Burgundy, 11, 55 Berlusconi, Silvio (b. 1936), 296, 297, Buscetta, Tommaso (1928–000), 300, 301, 306 290, 293 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76039-3 — A Concise History of Italy Christopher Duggan Index More Information 326 Index Byron, Lord (1788–1824), 104 Cavour, Camillo Benso di (1810–61), 13, Byzantium (Constantinople), Byzantines, 14, 23, 28, 114, 119, 120, 122, 11, 32, 33–5, 37, 57 123–35, 137, 140, 159, 170, 173 Cavour, family of, 96, 97 Cadorna, Raffaele (1815–97), 140 Cefalù, 42 ‘Calabiana affair’ (1854), 126–7 CGIL (Confederazione Generale Italiana Calabria, 28, 34, 40, 70, 155, 280, del Lavoro), 255 281, 293 Chambers of Labour, 183, 203 Calatafimi, Battle of (1860), 131 Charlemagne (742–814), 35 Calderari, 99 Charles II (1661–1700), King of Spain camorra, 281, 305 (1665–1700), 75 Campagna, Roman, 15, 70, Charles V (1500–58), King of Spain 151, 219 (from 1516), Emperor (1519–56), Campania, 34, 66, 280, 281, 293 62–3, 74 Campoformio, Treaty of (1797), 89 Charles VIII (1470–98), King of France Candy (firm), 264 (1483–98), 59, 60 Capelletti, family of, 43 Charles Albert (1798–1849), King of Caporetto (1917), 193, 201 Piedmont-Sardinia (1831–49), 112, Capua, 34, 40 113–14, 115 carabinieri, see police Charles of Anjou (1225–85), 45 Caracciolo, Domenico (1715–89), 84 Charles of Bourbon (1716–88), Carboneria, carbonari, 19, 99, 103–4, King of Naples and Sicily 108, 109, 128 (1735–59), 76 Carducci, Giosuè (1835–1907), Charles the Bold (1433–77), Duke of 165 Burgundy (1467–77), 62 Carli, Gian Rinaldo (1720–95), 82 Charter of Labour (1927), 218 Carpaccio, Vittore (c. 1450–1525/6), 54 Chartism, 112 Carrà, Carlo (1881–1966), Plate 26 chemical industry, 175, 222, 264 cars, 175, 222, 264, 277 children, 153, 155, 183, 221, 227 Carthaginians, 11 China, 272 Casati Law (1859), 155 Christian Amity, 99 Cassa Integrazione Guadagni, 279 Christian Democracy (DC), Christian Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, 262 Democrats, 25, 245, 251, 252, Castelfidardo, Battle of 253–4, 256, 257–8, 259, 260, (1860), 134 262–4, 268, 269, 270, 271, 276, Castiglione, Baldassare(1478–1529), 63 278, 279, 285, 286, 289, 291–2, Castile, 62 293 Catalonia, Catalans, 28, 51 Church, Catholic, 11, 14, 25–7, 32, 65, Catania, 263 74, 78, 80, 84, 106, 120, 140, 143, Cateau-Cambrésis, Treaty of (1559), 63 158, 193, 237, 253, 258, 263, Catholic Action, 229, 231, 256, 267, 267–9, 277 277–8 see also Church lands: Church–state Catholic Church, Catholicism, see relations; fascism; papacy Church, Catholic church lands, sale of, 91, 94, 137 Catholic Electoral Union, 190 Church–state relations (after 1860), Cattaneo, Carlo (1801–69), 111, 119, 140, 144, 146, 165, 189–90, 208, 135, 295 229, 252 cattedre ambulanti, 177, 221 Churchill, Winston (1874–1965), 245 Cavalcanti, family of, 48 Ciano, Galeazzo (1903–44), 239, 243 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76039-3 — A Concise History of Italy Christopher Duggan Index More Information Index 327 Ciompi, revolt of (1378), 52 Corfu, 208, 235 Cisalpine Republic, 89, 92 corporate state (fascism), corporatism, Cispadine Republic, 89 see under fascism clienteles, clientelism, 51, 143, 190, 234, Corradini, Enrico (1865–1931), 248, 254, 262–4, 270, 271, 278, 187–8 279–80, 281, 286, 297, 304 corruption, 165–6, 263, 289, 292–3, climate, 16 298, 301, 304 coal, shortage of, 22, 161, 176, see also clientelism; mafia 195, 266 Corsini family, 69 Cobden, Richard (1804–65), 23 Cosa Nostra, 282, 290 Coglioni family, 43 see also mafia Colleoni, Bartolomeo (1400–76), 54 Cosenza, 263 Collodi, Carlo (pseudonym of Carlo Cossiga, Francesco (1928–2010), 293 Lorenzini) (1826–90), 156 Costa, Andrea (1851–1910), 163, 164 Colombo, Cristoforo (Christopher Counter Reformation, 65 Columbus) (1451–1506), 4 courts, 44, 79 Colombo, Giuseppe (1836–1921), 176 see also judiciary; lawyers Committees of National Liberation Craxi, Bettino (1934–2000), 287, 289, (CLN), 245, 248 291, 292, 297, 301 common lands, 95, 137, 258 Cremona, 36, 37, 39, 164, 202 see also feudalism crime, criminals, 27, 79, 140, 220, 264, Common Market, see European 289 Economic Community see also bandits; corruption; mafia Commune, Paris (1871), 146, 163 Crimean War, see under war communes, medieval, 36, 37, 39, 42–8, Crispi, Francesco (1818–1901), 131, 61, 97, 295 145, 166–71, 173, 182 Communist Party (PCI), Communists, Croce, Benedetto (1866–1952), 179–80, 21, 203, 205, 211, 240, 243, 245, 216, 236 247, 251, 252–4, 256–7, 258, 259, see also idealism 260, 268, 269, 273–4, 285, 291–2 Crusade, first, 39 Confindustria, 255 Curcio, Renato (b.1941), 283 confino, 216, 300 customs (internal), 93, 97, 100 confraternities, 50, 52, 54 customs, see tariffs connubio (1852), 124 Custoza, Battle of (1848), 114, 115 Conrad II (c. 990–1039), Emperor Cutolo, Raffaele (b. 1941), 282 (1027–39), 37 consorterie, 42–3 Dalla Chiesa, Carlo Alberto (1920–82), Constance, Peace of (1183), 44 282, 290 Constantine (c.
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