Sharing Success

BIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNES MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHO OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE I S L A N D SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS GINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN M ANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MA MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEWHAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW Y NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA T NESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZ ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO NOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REP LIC OF PALAU RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA W CONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAW DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS M GAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAK OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT GIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLOR NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTU LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY N MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROL SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERI SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GU HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI M TANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PU TO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST GINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSAC SETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROL NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TE UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS C FORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IO KANSAS SharingKENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HA SHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RH ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOM ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COL BIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNES MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHO OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS GINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN M ANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIASuccess FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEX NEW YORKState NORTH CAROLINA Energy NORTH DAKOTA OHIO Program OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA Special PUERTO RICO Projects REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE Results ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SO DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAM ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAW IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUE RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST GINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSAC SETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROL NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TE UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS C FORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IO KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HA SHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RH ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOM ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COL BIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNES MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHO OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO REPUBLIC OF PALAU RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS GINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING ALABAMA ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO NORTHERN M ANA ISLANDS CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEX Message from the Secretary of Energy, Bill Richardson mericans are entering the new millennium with a deeper understanding of our new energy-efficient technologies. AThe Department of Energy’s new report, Sharing Success — State Energy Program Special Projects Results, highlights examples of how Federal organizations, State Energy Offices and industry partners are working together to save energy by fostering efficient building, industrial, and transportation technologies. Congratulations to all of our State and community partners who are committed to the success of the State Energy Program Special Projects. These and other projects like it are helping to propel State and national goals for a cleaner environment, more efficient energy use, a healthier economy, and increased energy security.

Message from the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Dan Reicher haring Success – State Energy Program Special Projects Results highlights a number of innovative projects, which Sare helping to promote energy efficiency and provide clean and green energy for the 21st century. In Ohio, Louisiana, New England, and Puerto Rico, Special Projects are upgrading building codes to improve energy efficiency. Drivers in Arizona, Connecticut, Oklahoma, and other States are learning more about the use of alternative-fuel vehicles as part of the Department of Energy’s Clean Cities Program. Americans across the country are being introduced to the energy-savings potential of geothermal heat pumps, the benefits of wind energy use, and photovoltaic systems. Table of Contents

Introduction 2 Buildings 4 FEMP 12 Industrial 16 Power Technologies 22 Transportation 30 Future Outlook 38 Appendix 40

1 Introduction SEP Special Projects Report

he State Energy Program was created in 1996 by an act of efficiency and renewable energy use raises energy efficiency and renewable energy economic competitiveness, creates jobs, projects. Special Projects often provide the Congress through the consolidation of the State Energy reduces industrial waste, avoids emissions, data which present new technologies as and promotes sustainable development. viable options and train personnel who will Conservation Program (SECP) and the Institutional Increased energy efficiency and renewable implement these projects. T energy use enhances national security by Conservation Program (ICP). Formerly, SECP provided funding for diversifying energy sources and providing a Federal funding for SEP Special Projects has stabilizing element in the trade balance. been significantly bolstered by cost share funds a variety of energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, and from the States. Over the first four years of The State Energy Program enables the States SEP Special Project grants, DOE has provid- ICP assisted schools and hospitals with technical analysis and to address both national energy initiatives ed $51.9 million with the States and partners and local energy priorities through two fund- providing a total estimated cost share of $33 installation of energy conservation measures. Through these pro- ing mechanisms: formula grants and Special million for 520 projects. The Department of Projects grants. SEP formula grants are Energy has contributed more than $24 million grams, more than 8,000 specific State conservation projects have awarded to States according to a national for 177 buildings projects, $10.8 million for allocation formula derived from the Energy 133 transportation projects, $9.4 million for been implemented since 1983 and more than 69,000 buildings Policy and Conservation Act. States utilize 96 industrial projects, $4.9 million for 78 these funds to design and implement energy power technologies projects, and $2.8 million have been made more energy efficient since 1979. The projects tailored to meet community needs, for 36 FEMP projects. economic conditions, individual energy situa- Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and tions, and climactic variations. The success of the SEP Special Projects illustrates how effectively the States and Renewable Energy recognized the value of delivering programs SEP Special Projects funds are awarded on a DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and competitive basis to States from each of the Renewable Energy work together to develop through the States and created Special Projects in 1996. four end-use sectors (buildings, industrial, and deploy energy efficiency and renewable power technologies, and transportation) and energy technologies and practices throughout the Federal Energy Management Program the country. Each of the Special Projects (FEMP) for cost-shared technology projects. highlighted in this report demonstrates a Through Special Projects, the end-use sec- unique success within the program. Ground- tors and FEMP are able to capitalize upon breaking regional collaboration, replication in Energy is a vital component of U.S. The State Energy Program (SEP) makes it existing partnerships and programs at the other States, substantial private leveraging, citizens’ everyday lives and it influences the possible for State and Territorial Energy State and community level and utilize the widespread information dissemination, and country’s economic growth, national securi- Offices (“States”) to design and carry out strong SEP infrastructure. These projects comprehensive data collection are all signs of ty, public health, and community livability. energy efficiency and renewable energy represent high-priority activities within each a successfully executed SEP Special Project. The Department of Energy’s State Energy programs tailored to their State-specific sector’s overall program and advance the Successful SEP Special Projects utilize the latest Program recognizes these essential connec- needs, while contributing to national energy ability of the end-use sectors to successfully technologies, the most innovative practices, tions and seeks to strengthen these related priorities. The wide range of activities that demonstrate and deploy energy efficiency and the most visionary partnerships. concerns through the development and the States have carried out under SEP and renewable energy technologies and While this report does not include all deployment of energy efficiency and produces tangible energy, economic, and practices. In many instances, Special the program’s successes, it provides a renewable energy technologies and practices. environmental benefits. Increased energy Projects serve as the spark which encourages representative cross-section of the Special States and Territories to implement broader Projects implemented to date.

2 3 Introduction SEP Special Projects Report

2 3 Buildings SectorSEP Special Projects Report

he design, construction, and mainte- SEP SPECIAL PROJECTS FUNDING IN nance of our nation’s buildings THE BUILDINGS SECTOR: T significantly impact the economy and 1996 $6,497,000 environment. There are more than 76 million 1997 $4,861,000 1998 $5,185,863 residential buildings and nearly 5 million 1999 $7,475,402 commercial buildings in the United States today. All together, these buildings account for total: $24 million two-thirds of all U.S. electricity consumption and 36% of total U.S. energy consumption. Across the country, there has been a growing Residential and commercial buildings cost the trend towards energy-efficient building nation $240 billion per year to operate. The construction both in the residential and operation of these buildings also contributes commercial sectors. Today’s homes are, on significantly to greenhouse gases and air pol- average, 35% more efficient than those built 20 years ago. Buildings which incorporate lution. By the year 2010, another 38 million energy-efficient technologies are typically buildings will be constructed across the more comfortable, have lower energy costs, nation. These considerable statistics under- and a reduced environmental impact. MANY CODES AND STANDARDS SPECIAL PROJECTS RELY ON CLASSROOM TRAINING AS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF ENERGY CODE score the buildings sector’s pivotal role in the Installation of simple retrofits in existing COMPLIANCE. IN CONJUNCTION WITH THESE CLASSES, ON-SITE TRAINING PROVIDES BUILDERS WITH PRACTICAL, HANDS-ON ENERGY EDUCATION. campaign to spread energy efficiency and homes and buildings could reduce energy consumption by 20% to 30%. renewable energy practices. Through SEP Special Projects grants, the exceed the 1993 Model Energy Code (MEC) Office of Building Technology, State and and ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 (1989). Community Programs (BTS) supports projects Through various Codes and Standards which address the creation, expansion, and projects, BTS is able to directly assist States enforcement of national, regional, and in reducing energy consumption in residen- statewide codes and standards in new building tial and commercial buildings and minimize construction, as well as projects which pro- environmental impacts. mote the conversion and modification of older buildings to incorporate energy efficiency and Through the Codes and Standards Special renewable energy technologies. Project, the State of Louisiana drafted legis- lation for a statewide energy code for ENERGY-EFFICIENT CON- commercial buildings, which the legislature STRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL CODES AND STANDARDS BUILDINGS IS A GROWING subsequently adopted. The project offered TREND IN COMMUNITIES Through Codes and Standards Special free training, compliance materials, and on- ACROSS THE NATION. THE Projects, States are encouraged to establish going education to the State’s commercial INCORPORATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING comprehensive energy codes. Special builders. In the first year alone, over 1,000 TECHNIQUES CAN RESULT IN Projects also assist States which have existing new commercial buildings passed compli- A SIGNIFICANT DECLINE energy codes but need additional support to IN THE NATION’S ENERGY ance regulations, as approved by the Fire CONSUMPTION. expand or enhance their codes to meet or Marshall. Louisiana estimates that the

4 5 Buildings SectorSEP Special Projects Report

4 5 BUILDINGS SECTOR SEP Special Projects Report

compliant buildings will realize utility bill Northeast Regional Building Codes Energy savings of $4 million annually and energy Project is a collaboration between savings of 323 billion Btu. Connecticut, Delaware, Washington, D.C., Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, There is burgeoning support for energy New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Today’s codes in the U.S. Territories, as well. In Vermont. These partners recognized that Since Puerto Rico, the Building Technology Codes their outdated energy codes were resulting homes are, and Standards Project developed the island’s in lost energy-saving opportunities for attending on average, first energy code. The code set minimum buildings in each State. In addition to Codes and requirements for the design of new energy code upgrades, the partnership 35% more residential and commercial buildings. offers support for code implementation Standards efficient While Puerto Rico’s code was based on and provides energy code training to training in existing energy codes, adaptations were building professionals. The program also than those made for the island’s unique climate and encourages utility participation in the form California and built 20 construction methods. of financing and public education. In New Nevada, York State alone it was determined that an IN HAWAII, THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES TRAINING PROGRAM HAS CREATED A MOBILE DISPLAY UNIT TO PROVIDE ACCESSIBLE ENERGY EFFICIENCY TRAINING TO THE BUILDING INDUSTRY. years ago. Special Projects also assist States in updating upgrade to the existing energy code builders have their codes to reflect code modifications would result in $3.5 million in annual constructed and updates on the national level. The energy savings. One of the most important aspects of energy In Hawaii the Advanced Building code compliance is the education of the Technologies Training Program has success- 63,000 homes, building community, including designers, fully disseminated information on advanced architects, inspectors, building managers, techniques to both the building industry and resulting in an construction personnel, and contractors. the general public. In addition to holding estimated The States of California and Nevada have workshops, the program created five mobile partnered with the Building Industry display modules and distributed resource energy savings Institute to create one of the most effective guides. Codes and Standards in Iowa also of $1.2 million Codes and Standards projects in terms of created workshops to educate the building market penetration, entitled Builder community of code requirements and updates. annually for Training on Energy Codes. Aimed at In addition, the project also developed an compliant builders, the program involves a half-day of effective and simplified way for builders to classroom training in energy codes and a comply with the State’s energy code, includ- homes. half-day of on-site inspections, with a six- ing Iowa-specific residential and commercial month follow-up session. In just over three energy code toolkits, Iowa-specific checklists years, the program has trained 253 large for code compliance, and a “how-to” manual production builders. Since the training, on cost-effective, energy-efficient construction these builders have constructed 63,000 techniques. The program was supported by homes, resulting in an estimated energy $125,000 in Special Projects funds and the savings of $1.2 million dollars annually for State was able to raise a significant $86,000 in the compliant new homes. leveraged funds.

ONCE DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS HAVE ATTENDED ENERGY CODE TRAINING, THEY CAN EASILY INCORPORATE THESE METHODOLOGIES INTO THEIR WORK.

6 7 BUILDINGS SECTOR SEP Special Projects Report

ONCE DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS HAVE ATTENDED ENERGY CODE TRAINING, THEY CAN EASILY INCORPORATE THESE METHODOLOGIES INTO THEIR WORK.

6 7 BUILDINGS SECTOR SEP Special Projects Report

THE THOROUGH INSPECTION Some States have acquired a more hands-on Program was established to mitigate this OF WATER HEATERS AND approach to code compliance through the problem. The project enables private OTHER MAJOR APPLIANCES IS CRUCIAL IN DETERMINING employment of a circuit rider. In Oregon, lenders to offer low-cost loans to cover the WHICH ENERGY-EFFICIENT the Non-Residential Energy Code Circuit incremental costs of construction in units ADJUSTMENTS ARE REQUIRED IN NEW AND EXISTING Rider is a full-time position. The Circuit that reduce energy consumption by 30%. Residential and BUILDINGS. Rider travels to construction sites across the The State was able to supplement the State to offer on-site technical assistance. $400,000 Federal grant by leveraging commercial $405,000 in private funds. This seed money buildings As energy-efficient construction can is kept in a revolving account in order to sometimes incur slightly higher costs at the continue providing low-cost financing to cost the nation outset, financing can be an impediment. In builders. In addition, the designers and $240 billion Nebraska, the Financing Incentives for builders are educated as to which energy Increased Energy Efficiency in Nebraska efficiency features are most affordable. per year to operate.

Ohio’s Codes and Standards Project and then determines whether the building is employed a multi-faceted approach to compliant or suggests the proper changes. encourage code compliance. The project Lighting is especially important in tropical provided 26 sessions of Model Energy Code climates, as the commercial buildings are training and conducted 17 other sessions on air-conditioned twelve months a year and energy-efficient lighting and energy-efficient lighting systems can be a significant source he Maryland Energy Codes and Building Standards Project construction, reaching a total of 400 members of heat. Through proper code compliance, of the building community. Wisconsin’s both the electricity and air-conditioning focused on advanced education for building professionals and Comprehensive Approach to Energy Codes expenses can be lessened considerably. Project has offered a myriad of educational To date, this project’s software and training Tlocal code officials. In order to provide easier compliance to the services, as well. The project held workshops to have been utilized by American Samoa, Council of American Building Officials Energy Code, the project created educate over 1,350 builders, subcontractors, and Guam, Wisconsin, Puerto Rico, Washington, designers on the Uniform Dwelling Code and D.C., Oregon, and the Federal Energy a software tool for use by local code officials at the plan review and offered on-site compliance training for the code. Management Program (FEMP). inspection phases. Additionally, the project strives to make other edu- Some Codes and Standards projects focus Several States have modernized their on increasing compliance by creating better State’s computerized energy code cational opportunities a viable option by offering “scholarships” to code energy efficiency software programs. The compliance systems through SEP officials to attend conference training on various technical subjects. HiLight Software Program in Hawaii has Special Projects. In Florida, the Codes been extremely successful in educating archi- and Standards Project created a partner- tects, engineers, and building codes officials ship between the Florida Energy Office about the lighting portion of the Model and the Florida Solar Energy Center which Energy Code. Hawaii created an integrated upgraded the energy efficiency analysis software program that allows the user to software to a windows-based interface in input the building’s lighting specifications, response to user suggestions.

8 9 BUILDINGS SECTOR SEP Special Projects Report

REBUILD IDAHO HAS REBUILD HAWAII PERFORMED RETROFITS IN Location Estimated Annual PARTNERSHIPS HAVE BUILDINGS ACROSS THE Energy Cost Savings BEEN PARTICULARLY STATE, FOCUSING ON EDUCA- ACTIVE ACROSS THE TIONAL FACILITIES SUCH AS STATE, RESULTING IN THIS RURAL IDAHO ELEMEN- University of Hawaii at Hilo $465,000 SUBSTANTIAL ANNUAL TARY SCHOOL. ENERGY SAVINGS. Rebuild County of Hawaii $61,000 Rebuild

Iowa has County of Kauai $35,000 Utah has implemented performed $130 million in retrofits in retrofits, and private colleges. The financing for these Using $313,000 in SEP Special Projects 24 buildings improvements has been supported by more funds as seed money, local organizations resulting in than $800,000 in privately-leveraged funds. donated a total of more than $3.0 million. at the $23 million Rebuild Hawaii’s mission is to identify University Providing another example of effective part- and leverage statewide resources, create annual energy nerships and exceptional leveraging efforts, community awareness, and find additional of Utah cost savings. Rebuild Hawaii is comprised of a consor- support for energy efficiency projects. campus, tium of more than 20 partners including utili- Performance contracts have been imple- REBUILD AMERICA Partnerships are key to making Rebuild ty providers, private companies, universities, mented at sites across Hawaii, identifying America projects work. Rebuild Idaho which will One of the most broadly-based BTS programs and Federal, State, and local governments. significant energy savings. is Rebuild America. Rebuild America is a consists of eleven partners, including two save the universities, one college, two utilities, three nationwide initiative that helps communities school $1.86 save money, create jobs, and protect the envi- school districts, and five communities. ronment through implementation of energy- The Rebuild Idaho partnership aims not million per only to provide cost-saving retrofits, but to efficient retrofits in existing commercial build- year in ings and multi-family housing units. With 250 establish itself as the foremost program to partnerships in 47 States, Native American assist Idaho’s communities, school districts, energy costs. Tribes, and in three U.S. Territories, the pro- businesses, and industries in developing gram is well on it way to reaching its goal of sustainable, long-term energy and resource completing energy efficiency retrofits in 2 bil- efficiency strategies. lion square feet of floor space by 2003. If this goal is achieved, the United States will save Rebuild Iowa is a collaborative effort that $650 million dollars in energy costs each year brings together diverse public and private and reduce air pollution by 1.6 million tons of sector organizations to make cost-effective, carbon dioxide annually. Rebuild Utah is an energy efficiency improvements in existing outstanding example of the breadth and diver- buildings. Since the inception of the pro- sity of the program. The program has per- gram, more than $130 million in retrofits THE REBUILD HAWAII formed retrofits in 24 buildings of the have been implemented, resulting in $23 PROJECT PROVIDED FOR THE University of Utah campus, which will save the million annual energy cost savings for Iowa’s INSTALLATION OF A 400-TON school $1.86 million per year in energy costs. school districts, local governments, hospitals, VARIABLE SPEED CENTRIFU- GAL CHILLER AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII.

10 11 BUILDINGS SECTOR SEP Special Projects Report

10 11 FEMP SEP Special Projects Report

he Federal government is the single goals. One of these goals, set by Executive training, energy efficiency scholarships, and SEP SPECIAL PROJECTS Order 13123, is to reduce net energy con- other FEMP services. To date, the FEMP/ largest energy consumer in the FUNDING FOR FEMP: sumption by 35% from FY 1985 to FY 2010. Michigan Partnership grant has audited 27 T United States, requiring energy for 1996 $554,000 Federal agencies can meet this goal by buildings (865,038 square feet) and identified approximately 500,000 buildings comprising 1997 $580,000 implementing energy efficiency and renew- $864,000 in energy improvements. 1998 $966,000 over 3 billion square feet of floor area. able energy practices and technologies. 1999 $683,349 Increased efficiency in the Federal Some States have shown exemplary dedica- government’s energy consumption can total: $2.8 million Through SEP Special Projects funding, tion to achieving the goals of Executive Order FEMP conducts three types of activities: 13123. New York has been especially active deliver substantial energy and financial project financing, technical guidance and with the FEMP program, concentrating on savings to the nation as a whole. Additionally, assistance, and planning, reporting, and eval- achieving energy efficiency at Armed Services the successful implementation of energy- The Federal Energy Management Program uation. FEMP guides Federal agencies in facilities across the State. efficient practices can act as a catalyst to (FEMP) seeks to not only assist in streamlin- their energy efficiency efforts and helps ing the Federal budget through cost-saving Federal Energy Managers identify and pro- The Federal/New York State Energy encourage State and local governments, strategies, but to set an energy example for cure the best, most cost-effective energy- Management Partnership conducted three privately-owned companies, and other the nation. FEMP is a customer-oriented saving projects. State Energy Offices and projects at the U.S. Army’s Fort Drum. In entities to emulate these actions. Through program, which seeks to create partnerships, FEMP work together to develop innovative 1996, the FEMP project evaluated the the adoption of energy efficiency and leverage resources, transfer technology, and ideas to implement their goals on the State current ventilation system and recommended renewable energy technologies and provide training and support to the thou- and local level. energy-efficient options for installing an sands of Federal offices nationwide. When air-conditioning system. The study identified practices, the Federal government can agencies commit to these energy efficiency The State of Michigan implemented a five technologies as viable: geothermal, provide a working model with proven results projects, the Federal sector moves closer to standout project with ambitious goals. The desiccant cooling, ice storage, conditioned for the nation. achieving broader energy and cost saving FEMP/Michigan Partnership Grant ventilation, and modular fancoil units. employed three key tactics to promote Geothermal was determined to be the most energy and water efficiency: training, on-site cost- and energy-efficient technology. Fort technical assistance, and information dis- Drum has designed a GHP ventilation semination. With assistance from the system and is awaiting its installation. Michigan Department of Consumer & Industry Services, the project used the Funding from this SEP Special Project Internet to identify 180 Federal agency con- was also used to address the water and tacts. The project then asked those contacts wastewater system of Fort Drum and the to submit the most recent 12 months of util- surrounding area. The analysis showed ity history, along with floor plans and other that the two 350hp wastewater pumps were pertinent information. After professional tremendously oversized, and a single 75hp pre-evaluation, a sub-contractor contacted pump would meet present wastewater the agencies for energy audits. Upon com- needs. Installation of the pump created an pletion of the audits, the results were fully energy savings of $11,500 per year and has explained and cost-cutting strategies were reduced the Fort’s energy budget by 14% proposed. The agencies were also provided annually. In 1997, the Federal/New York information regarding building operator State Energy Management Partnership again

HEADQUARTER I CORPS IS ONLY ONE OF THE MANY BUILDINGS AT FORT LEWIS IN TACOMA, WASHINGTON, THAT WAS MADE MORE training, business manager basic energy assisted Fort Drum, but this project ENERGY-EFFICIENT THROUGH FEMP AND SEP SPECIAL PROJECTS.

12 13 FEMP SEP Special Projects Report

training, and organized conferences. TEN Many of the National Parks in Utah are has provided technical assistance to hun- located off the power grid and must be dreds of people, and has coordinated efforts powered by generators or other means. at U.S. Army Base Fort Lewis, U.S. Navy Some parks are already utilizing existing Station Whidbey Island, U.S. Navy Undersea photovoltaic (PV) systems, and those sites Installation of Warfare Engineering Station, five private were subjected to performance verification Executive utility companies, and various school studies. From these studies, approximately a wastewater districts and universities. 50 defective modules were replaced under Order 13123 pump at Fort warranty. Six State parks were analyzed requires that One of the most widely successful and based on economic factors and engineering Drum resulted diverse FEMP projects to date is Utah’s feasibility to determine which alternative the Federal in $11,500 Energy Program for National Parks. The power systems were most viable. From this Government project provided technical assistance in a information, it was determined that PV annual energy variety of forms to 11 separate parks, systems were appropriate for several of reduce its DANGLING ROPE MARINA, UTAH, UTILIZED A NEW GENERATION OF HYBRID PV POWER EQUIPMENT. THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY, COM- savings and BINED WITH THE DECLINING COSTS OF PV, CONTRIBUTES TO AN EXPANDING MARKET FOR LARGE-SCALE PV HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS. monuments, and historic sites within the the sites, including Canyonlands — Maze net energy State’s National Park Service. The focus of District, Canyonlands — Needles District, reduced the addressed the coal-fired water heating facilities evaluate two different types of cooling this project was not only to save energy for Dangling Rope Marina, and Halls Crossing consumption Fort’s energy at the compound. This system had been cost- systems to replace the existing inefficient the Federal agency, but also to explore alter- Marina. Currently, there are seven by 35% from ly to operate and, due to the existence of gas method. The analysis determined that a nate energy options. Energy audits were renewable energy projects that are complete budget by lines, the Fort had decided to convert the sys- central chiller would save $87,500 in annual performed at Dinosaur and Timpagos Cave or in process due to Utah’s Energy Program FY 1985 to National Monuments, Bryce Canyon and 14%. tem to natural gas. The evaluation of that costs and 430,000 kilowatts of electricity for National Parks. Together, these sites FY 2010. conversion determined that a 147 building per year. Capital Reef National Parks, and at the resulted in significant environmental retrofit would yield $292,000 in annual sav- Golden Spike Locomotive Building (a his- benefits, avoiding the use of 284,000 ings. To date, the Fort has converted 150 Washington State is providing energy torical landmark). The total audited area gallons of various conventional fuels per buildings and plans to convert 300 more. efficiency assistance to a variety of local entities was 164,000 square feet, and over $100,000 year. Additionally, the parks mitigated 257 through a partnership between FEMP and of energy efficiency projects were identified. tons of carbon dioxide emissions, 4,706 lbs. Another recipient of the Federal/New York Washington State University. The two groups The National Park Service estimated an of nitrogen emissions, and 430 lbs. of State Energy Management Partnership, was joined forces to launch an energy efficiency energy cost savings of $21,000 per year. sulfur emissions. the U.S. Air Force’s Verona Test Annex at information and training network, which the Rome Research Site. In 1996, FEMP developed Resource Efficiency Managers Location Initial System Cost Annual Savings Years to Payoff analysis identified $140,000 in energy (REMs) within public, private, and government (fuel + operating cost) efficiency improvements that would save organizations to seek out energy efficiency $13,740 annually in electricity and fuel oil. opportunities and develop energy efficiency Needles District PV $550,000 $23,400 23.5 FEMP again conducted a project at the projects. The FEMP/Washington State Dangling Rope PV $306,000 $25,600 11.9 Rome Research Site in 1997, addressing the University partnership developed in-person cooling system for the compound’s high- training on resource conservation, promoted Zion Remote Cabin PV $12,500 $6,000 2.0 (2 PV systems) power laser activities. The existing model a nationwide network of REMs to encourage cooled 13 lasers with a once-through, peer exchange, developed a call-up information Bryce Canyon Water $18,500 $8,800 2.1 Pumping (2 PV systems) portable water system that wasted 4,000 service, and began a Total Efficiency Network gallons per day and did not adequately cool (TEN) website. The partnership has also Dinosaur Fire Tower $8,700 $1,300 6.6 the lasers in the summer months. The created fact sheets, success stories, newsletters, Maze District Inverter $26,700 $4,500 5.9 Federal Research Site asked that FEMP and software, conducted workshops and 14 15 FEMP SEP Special Projects Report

oughly a third of U.S. energy is SEP SPECIAL PROJECTS FUNDING consumed by the industrial sector, FOR THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR: R making the sector a critical factor in 1996 $2,000,000 our country’s economic development. It is also 1997 $1,375,000 the largest solid waste-producing sector in the 1998 $2,480,000 1999 $3,504,684 nation. The United States generates 14 billion tons of industrial waste each year. The effec- total: $9.4 million tive implementation of energy-efficient practices will improve the competitiveness of U.S.- offer industrial clients a portfolio of energy owned companies, and also assist the nation efficiency recommendations, productivity- in maintaining its global economic interests. enhancing products, valuable services, and cutting-edge technologies. OIT supports The Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) thirty Industrial Assessment Centers nation- aims to improve productivity, reduce waste, wide, which enable small– and medium-size and save energy in the industrial sector manufacturers to receive industrial assess- through the creation of partnerships ments at no cost. Through SEP Special between manufacturers, government, and Projects, OIT has supported programs like supporting laboratories. There is an empha- NICE3 (National Industrial Competitiveness IMPROVEMENTS IN INDUSTRIAL STEAM SYSTEMS CAN PRODUCE SIGNIFICANT COST SAVINGS. REVIEW OF THIS PETROLEUM REFINERY’S sis on integrated delivery systems, which through Energy/Environment/Economics), BOILER, STEAM DISTRIBUTION, AND CONDENSATE SYSTEMS INDICATED A POTENTIAL SAVINGS OF $1 MILLION DOLLARS.

Inventions and Innovation, and Best Practices Since nearly 70% of all electricity used in for Motors, Steam, Compressed Air, and industry is consumed by some type of motor Combined Heat. More recently, OIT has driven system, increases in the energy effi- launched SEP Special Projects for State ciency of existing motor systems will lead to “Industries of the Future.” significant nationwide energy savings. SEP Special Projects have addressed this oppor- A number of technologies are vital to a tunity through the implementation of the broad cross-section of U.S. industries and Motor Challenge Program. The main goal due to their widespread use, even small of the Motor Challenge Program is to work efficiency improvements can produce in partnership with industry to increase the substantial energy and cost savings. These market penetration of energy-efficient technologies include sensors and controls, motor-driven systems. combustion mechanisms, motors, heat and power sources, steam sources, and com- Many States have found that the Motor pressed air machines. The fact that these Challenge Program is widely integrated and machines are operated every production its energy-efficient practices eagerly adopted. THE MOTOR CHALLENGE PROGRAM STREAMLINES THE BASIC MOTORIZED MECHANISMS OF PARTICIPATING PLANTS TO CREATE LONG- day throughout the year is a testament to The Alabama Motor Challenge Program TERM ENERGY SAVINGS. THESE MOTORS IN DENVER, COLORADO, AWAIT REPAIRS WHICH WILL ALLOW FOR MORE EFFICIENT UTILIZATION IN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS. their savings potential. has held eleven conferences in Alabama and

16 17 Industrial SectorSEP Special Projects Report

16 17 INDUSTRIAL SECTOR SEP Special Projects Report

ELECTRICITY DEREGULATION In the Midwest, Michigan and Ohio Rhode Island, and Vermont), the HAS OFFERED MANY Multi-State OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL collaborated to create the Department of Energy’s Boston Regional BUSINESS OWNERS IN Project to Deliver Industry Workshops, and Office, three Industrial Assessment Centers, MICHIGAN AND OHIO TO held five industry-wide workshops aimed four universities, and various community IMPROVE THEIR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND BOTTOM at small- to medium-sized businesses and organizations. The partnership was able to Since nearly LINES. THE MULTI-STATE utilities. The goal was to educate these raise $60,000 in private funds to reinforce PROJECT TO DELIVER consumers of the impending electricity the $134,000 Special Projects grant. The 70% of all INDUSTRY WORKSHOPS PROVIDED TARGETED deregulation. The workshops emphasized Collaborative held three regional meetings to INFORMATION FOR THESE the concepts of energy conservation, peak increase communication and peer exchange. electricity used CONSUMERS. load demand reduction, cost unbundling, These efforts resulted in daily communica- in industry is and time-of-use metering and billing. These tion between the States which broadened consumed by practices can result in 25% to 30% cost the collective knowledge of the staff, savings for small businesses. enhanced the delivery of services, and some type of maximized funding resources. The motor driven The Northeast Regional Industrial partnership has generated diverse outcomes Technology Collaborative was created to including Motor Challenge workshops, system, promote technology exchange across indus- Industrial Technology workshops, an Energy increases tries and State lines. The partnership includ- Expo, and the International Energy and ed seven States (Connecticut, Maine, Environment Summit, just to name a few. in the energy Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, has made over 500 Motor Challenge con- multiple industrial or commercial thermal efficiency of tacts, with an estimated $9,000 in savings per loads, efficiencies as high as 80% to 90% existing motor client. The program has also distributed can be achieved. more than 343 copies of its MotorMaster+ systems will software to trained users and held one of the The State of Washington’s Combined tates in other regions have also recognized their shared industrial lead to first Motor Challenge Adjustable Speed Drive Heat and Power Project, in partnership seminars. Similar results were experienced in with Washington State University, has concerns and collaborated to promote energy efficiency. These significant Ohio, where the Motor Challenge Program developed computer simulation software collaborations between States, private companies, and institu- nationwide partnered with local utilities, leveraging which provides a heat map model to assist S $200,000 in private funds to subsidize the manufacturers in realizing the technical, tions offer an opportunity for industry to further explore energy efficiency energy savings. $100,000 Federal grant. The Motor economic, and environmental benefits of Challenge Workshops provided training to CHP. The software also provides CHP options. For the Industrial Technologies Project, Utah and Wyoming joined almost 300 Ohioans across the State. siting criteria and has integrated the capabilities of the district’s energy providers. forces to market various energy efficiency programs, including Climate Another innovative technology for industry Wise, NICE3, Green Lights, Motor Challenge, and Steam Challenge. In is combined heat and power systems (CHP), While each of these projects addresses which can produce significant increases in specific industry needs and produces replica- coordination with State Energy Offices, PacificCorp, Mountain Fuel Supply, fuel use efficiency as compared to conven- ble models for other States, some all-inclusive tional thermal electric plants. CHP systems projects have been created to address common and the University of Wyoming, the project held two regional conferences also can result in major reductions in air regional concerns. These projects achieve and four workshops. pollutants and carbon emissions. When success though extensive State collaboration, fully integrated with a distribution link to leveraging of funds, and on-going partnerships.

18 19 INDUSTRIAL SECTOR SEP Special Projects Report

INDUSTRIES OF THE FUTURE petroleum refining, and steel. As a result SCIENTISTS AT WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY of the intense energy-consuming nature of The Industries of the Future (IOF) strategy DEMONSTRATE A PROTOTYPE these industries, they realize the greatest LASER GLASS CUTTING/FIN- is one of OIT’s most inventive and dynamic benefits from advances in energy efficiency ISHING MACHINE. THE programs. The IOF strategy targets nine STATE IOF PROGRAM HAS technologies. The program also offers energy- and waste-intensive industries, with PROMOTED THE USE OF THE Full integration advantages to the industrial laboratories ADVANCED MACHINES WHICH The industrial the goal to assist those industries in reduc- RESULT IN SUBSTANTIAL through the identification of high-risk, of Combined ing their energy use while improving their SAVINGS FOR GLASS MANU- sector high-payoff technologies and the FACTURERS, BOTH BY RAISING economic competitiveness. Industry-driven subsequent encouragement of industrial PRODUCTIVITY AND DRAMATI- Heat and documents outlining each industry’s vision CALLY REDUCING WASTE. comprises and Federal research, development, and for the future coupled with technology road Power deployment efforts. nearly 1/3 of maps to identify those technologies that systems can offer the most significant rewards comprise U.S. energy The State of West Virginia’s Industries of the mechanisms by which the IOF strategy increase the Future Project implemented a variety consumption. is executed. efficiencies to of activities to achieve industrial goals. The project allowed for energy and waste 80% to 90%. The nine industries targeted by IOF are assessments of the wood products industry, agriculture, aluminum, chemicals, forest implemented NICE3 projects in the steel products, glass, mining, metalcasting, industry, hosted conferences for metal-

casting manufacturers, and evaluated energy The Northwest Collaboration for savings in the aluminum industry. Manufacturing Excellence (a joint effort Within the State’s IOF program, the between Oregon and Washington) empha- West Virginia Glass Industry Technical sized providing the States’ manufacturing Initiative has been particularly active. industries with information about the Ten conferences have been conducted, various IOF programs and the full power involving a cross-section of glass producers of IOF resources at their disposal. Through in the State, including container glass, flat a program conducted at the Plant glass, ceramic and china, and specialty Engineering Show in Portland, Oregon, glass manufacturers. The conferences the collaboration educated manufacturers were held to introduce the manufacturers from a wide variety of industries in the to current advancements in their industry, region. These educational efforts strengthen such as new fiberglass waste procedures the industries’ ability to compete on both and laser glass cutting techniques. regional and global levels.

THE FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY EMPLOYS MORE THAN 1.3 MILLION PEOPLE AND RANKS AMONG THE TOP 10 MANUFACTURING INDUS- TRIES IN 46 STATES. THE ADOPTION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT PRACTICES BY THIS INDUSTRY OF THE FUTURE CAN OFFER SUBSTANTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS THAT CAN BE FELT ON A NATIONAL LEVEL.

20 21 INDUSTRIAL SECTOR SEP Special Projects Report

20 21 Power TechnologiesSEP Sector Special Projects Report

he role of the power technologies SEP SPECIAL PROJECTS FUNDING FOR sector is expanding in response to THE POWER TECHNOLOGIES SECTOR: T many factors, including the nation’s 1996 N/A growing environmental concerns, widespread 1997 $1,352,000 utility restructuring, and the increasing trends 1998 $1,736,084 1999 $1,775,855 toward community sustainability and environmental preservation. These opportunities are total: $4.9 million being addressed through the use of renewable energy options such as photovoltaics, concen- The mission of the Office of Power trated solar power, wind energy, geothermal Technologies (OPT) is to lead the national energy, hydropower, and biomass power. effort to support renewable technology Increasing use of clean energy will drastically efforts and to assist in the development of clean, credible, and reliable power technolo- change the power sector by diversifying energy gies for the 21st century. By working with sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions utilities, industries, laboratories, and other and pollutants, improving the reliability of serv- stakeholders, OPT maximizes the market POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS FOR SMALL-SCALE PV SYSTEMS INCLUDE RESIDENTIAL HOMES. ice, and lowering energy costs. The develop- potential of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. The majority of ment and deployment of renewable energy and OPT’s Special Projects focus on the con- energy efficiency technologies will accelerate struction of demonstration sites and test alternative power sources and to educate the form of the simple systems that power the integration of alternative energy. modules to test the feasibility of the various the public on these technologies. calculators. The goal of OPT is to make Additionally, OPT’s Special Projects are larger, more complex systems an integral tailored to meet a region’s specific power factor in powering communications, lighting, opportunities. Photovoltaics are emphasized water, and electrical systems. in sunnier climates, biomass is explored in farming communities, and geothermal heat Photovoltaics for Utility Systems Applications is tested in areas where underground heat Project (PVUSA) is a national public/private exchange loops can be easily installed. partnership that is assessing and demonstrating the viability of PV systems through a network of smaller projects. The projects conduct PHOTOVOLTAICS demonstration-related research and, as of 1997, Photovoltaics (PV) systems, or solar cells, operated two dozen grid-tied PV systems are among the most widely used renewable THE DATA COLLECTED FROM across the nation with a combined capacity of SMALL-SCALE PV MODULES energy sources. PV systems convert light 2.3 megawatts. In the first nine years of use, ARE USED TO ESTABLISH A energy into electrical energy and, in addition PVUSA generated enough energy to offset the VARIETY OF LARGER SCALE APPLICATIONS ACROSS THE to being less taxing on the environment, equivalent of 18,000 barrels of oil, or the same NATION. ONCE INSTALLED, they require little or no maintenance and as the annual electricity consumption of 2,000 PV SYSTEMS CAN OPERATE CONTINUOUSLY WITH LITTLE have low operating costs. PV systems are homes. PVUSA is a noteworthy project, both MAINTENANCE AND MINIMAL already commonplace in everyday life in because of its scope, which includes long and OPERATING COSTS.

22 23 Power TechnologiesSEP Sector Special Projects Report

22 23 POWER TECHNOLOGIES SECTORSEP Special Projects Report

THE CHOPTANK ELEMENTARY GHP systems require is the small amount across the State to be viewed by the public SCHOOL, IN CAMBRIDGE, of electricity they employ to concentrate and used for on-site training by architects, MARYLAND, EXPECTS TO SAVE $400,000 IN ENERGY what nature provides and then to circulate builders, installers, and engineers. The proj- AND MAINTENANCE COSTS high-quality heating and cooling throughout ect advanced the use of renewable energy OVER THE NEXT 20 YEARS AS ARESULTOFITSGHP USE. a structure. When used in space heating, sources in mainstream construction and In the first GHPs can reduce electricity consumption effectively leveraged matching funds, raising When used in homes by as much as 75% and improve $103,000 in funds to supplement the $90,000 nine years of indoor air quality. Federal grant. in space use, PVUSA heating, South Carolina’s mild climate and the Maryland’s first GHP system was installed at generated robust rate of new construction annually the Choptank Elementary School in GHPs can enough render GHP an extremely viable power Cambridge, Maryland. The Geothermal reduce option for the State. The Support Heat Pumps Special Project funded an energy to Installation of Geothermal Heat Pump and information and learning center complete electricity offset the Training for Contractors Project was pri- with an interactive kiosk-style video monitor consumption marily developed to increase public and at the school. The learning center features annual building industry awareness of geothermal real-time data from several of the system’s in homes consumption technology and practices. The project monitoring points and includes a history of by as much established three GHP demonstration sites the system’s design and installation. of 2,000 short-term demonstrations, and its funding, located in the U.S. Territory of the Northern as 75%. which is supported by a partnership of 17 Mariana Islands, PV systems offer more than homes. public and private utility and government just a source of power. The Upgrade of DURING THE INSTALLATION OF A GEOTHERMAL HEAT agency sponsors. Partially funded by SEP Solar Power System for Seismic Monitoring PUMP, TWO WORKERS DRILL Special Projects, the Small Systems Test Stations Project focused on the moderniza- HOLES TO CREATE GROUND- Center, located in Davis, California, has tion of seismic stations on the island of COUPLED HEAT EXCHANGE LOOPS. HOLES FOR GHP enabled PVUSA to perform short-term eval- Saipan. Reliable operation of these stations is USE MUST BE 4 INCHES IN uations of today’s commercially promising critical in providing the warning systems DIAMETER, AND BETWEEN 125 TO 450 FEET DEEP. rooftop scale PV systems. Through SEP which notify the surrounding communities of Special Projects funding in Florida, PVUSA possible tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. In tests large-scale PV systems to be used in another example of photovoltaic use increas- utility applications. The results of these ing public safety, the Remote Communication projects are entered into a database which is Network Project in New York successfully publicly available on the Internet. utilized PV technology to improve the police communication systems in mountainous PV systems can be a cost-effective technology regions of the State. for supplying electricity in a variety of remote areas. In Colorado, the Installation of PV Applications in Sylvan Lake State GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS Park Project incorporated PV systems into Geothermal heat pump (GHP) systems use park construction and performed retrofits on the Earth’s natural thermal energy to heat or older buildings to provide the park with cool residential, commercial, and institution- renewable power. On the remote islands al buildings. The only additional energy

24 25 POWER TECHNOLOGIES SECTORSEP Special Projects Report

A RESEARCHER EXAMINES Mississippi, the Biomass Power Project electricity. Livestock wastes were captured WOODCHIPS WHICH WILL BE developed a farm model which utilized an and used to heat the digester, which pro- PROCESSED IN A BIOMASS GASIFIER TO PRODUCE aerobic digester to manage farm wastes and duced 646,488 kilowatts hours of electricity ETHANOL. produce methane. The methane was then annually. This generation is equivalent used to provide energy and hot water to the to the annual consumption of 76 U.S. A benefit of farm. The model also incorporated fuel cell homes. Additionally, this rate would avoid Increasing and propane technology to provide an exam- emissions of 808 tons of carbon dioxide as biomass ple of a self-sufficient farm which incorporates compared to coal combustion. use of gasification a variety of renewable energy sources. alternative

systems is Another model which effectively demon- WIND ENERGY energy will the ability to strated methane capture was Iowa’s As more States, utilities, and other groups dramatically Alternate Energy Production Project, consider using wind energy to generate adapt to a which focused on livestock operations. The electricity, they require more accurate infor- change farm’s waste project leveraged four times ($400,000) the mation to determine the cost-effectiveness of the power Federal grant of $100,000, and created the wind installations at specific sites. Much of disposal methane capture demonstration site. The the existing U.S. wind data is in the form of sector by needs at any site was a 4,800-sow, farrow-to-wean opera- meteorological data from the National diversifying tion and produced 40%–60% of the farm’s Weather Service stations, which are often given time. energy BIOMASS system would primarily utilize poultry waste, but would also use switch grass sources, Both crop and livestock farmers realize the and wood chips as fuel. importance of environmental preservation, reducing as their very existence is dependent upon A benefit of biomass gasification systems greenhouse the land. Many swine, poultry, and dairy is the ability to adapt to a farm’s waste producers are becoming more interested in disposal needs at any given time. The gas emis- alternative energy sources to reduce environ- Indiana Feedstock Diversification for sions and mental damage and biomass offers an ideal Downshaft Channel Gasifier Project con- solution. Biomass systems convert a variety structed a second-generation biomass gasifier. pollutants, of farm wastes into gases, which are then The gasifier processed about one ton per improving used to generate energy. This technology day of feedstock and produce wastes, then can be widely applied across many agricul- fueled an engine which generated 40 kilo- the reliability ture and livestock industries. In the watts of electricity per day. This mobile of service, Mid-Atlantic region, and specifically the test module was used to test wood chips, Chesapeake Bay area, there is an excess switch grass, alfalfa, and manure and is now and lowering phosphorous problem as a result of the used as a demonstration module at sites poultry industry. In an effort to address across the State. energy costs. regional concerns and mitigate related soil problems, the Small Scale Biomass Project In addition to utilizing a variety of farm-waste in Maryland established a model for gener- types, biomass systems often incorporate ating electricity using a co-fired system. The several technologies for operation. In AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF WIND RESEARCH PROJECTS PERFORMED AT SITES ACROSS THE NATION HAS PRODUCED A LARGER POOL OF QUALIFIED TURBINE TECHNICIANS. THESE SKILLED WORKERS WILL BE A CRUCIAL FACTOR IN WIDESPREAD USE OF WIND ENERGY.

26 27 POWER TECHNOLOGIES SECTORSEP Special Projects Report

ULTIMATELY, WIND RESEARCHERS SEE WIND skilled wind resource assessments. The Wind resource assessments are being FARMS, LIKE THIS ONE IN VERMONT, SUPPLYING A New Jersey Wind Resource Assessment conducted across the country and this SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF THE NATION’S POWER. Project was conducted by the Liberty proliferation is due, in part, to SEP Special Science Center in Jersey City, New Jersey. Projects. In New Mexico, Special Projects Two wind-speed, wind-direction, and tem- established six sites to gather wind data for Wind energy perature monitors were installed at two dif- a two-year observation period. The State ferent heights. During the study period, the also collaborated with Colorado and systems could data indicated that the wind speed was Hawaii to assist them in establishing their generate greater during the day than at night and that programs. Wind resource assessment wind production at those sites was sufficient projects were also conducted in Arizona electricity at to satisfy only residential demands. The and Vermont, providing diverse information one-quarter data was made available to the public via on the feasibility of wind power throughout computer disk to encourage broader use of the nation. the cost the information. of diesel generators in many Alaskan villages. located in urban areas or near airports. This Resource measurement in Alaska is aiding data is insufficient for the detailed resource remote villages in determining if wind ener- measurement information needed to deter- gy systems can reduce their dependence on HYDROGEN mine the feasibility of a wind installation small, expensive, and difficult to operate facility at a particular site. Special Projects diesel power plants. In many villages the ydrogen is attractive as an alternate engine fuel because it is assist in obtaining this specific information cost of electric power produced by diesel through the support of wind assessments generators can be as much as 40 cents per extremely clean, renewable, abundant, and potentially afford- across the nation. kilowatt hour. Yet, experience in Alaska has able. In an effort to accelerate market penetration of this fuel shown that where wind energy systems are H In New Hampshire, the Wind Resource used, the cost ranges between 10 to 15 type, California conducted the Development of a Variable Gaseous Fuel Project created a unique partnership cents per kilowatt hour. As many as 90 vil- between a private utility company, a State lages in the State are thought to have Engine to Facilitate Penetration of Hydrogen in the Transportation college, and the Federal government. Using resources adequate to warrant the installa- Sector Project. Through SEP Special Projects funding, the University of SEP Special Project and private funding, tion of wind energy systems. SEP Special four monitoring towers were installed and Projects funding and resources from the California’s College of Engineering (Riverside) developed a variable monitored by students at Plymouth State State of Alaska are now helping five villages College. The Natural Science Department determine if wind energy systems are appro- gaseous fuel engine that burns any mixture of natural gas and hydrogen used this project to educate students about priate energy sources for their needs. in a pressurized tank. One of the most important aspects of this project wind energy techniques, and the students were then designated as official subcontrac- Many States found that the Wind Resource was the selection and testing of both thermal and laser fuel sensors, tors. After the initial project was completed, Projects increased the quality of data Northeast Utilities provided additional fund- required to site wind energy facilities and which are an integral part of the variable gaseous fuel system. ing to gather data for another two years. enlarged the work force that can conduct

28 29 POWER TECHNOLOGIES SECTORSEP Special Projects Report

28 29 Transportation SectorSEP Special Projects Report

several programs which aim to modify information on alternative fuel technologies, the way our nation satisfies its basic are designed to spur the acceptance of transportation needs. Many of these AFVs by the general public. programs focus on the deployment and effective use of progressive transportation technologies, including electric motors, fuel CLEAN CITIES cells, and advanced engines. One of the most successful transportation Special Projects programs is Clean Cities. Within the transportation sector, SEP The Clean Cities Program takes a voluntary Special Projects aim to mitigate both petro- approach to AFV development and thrives leum use and pollution. SEP Special on strong local initiatives. It offers a flexible Projects promote the conversion to alterna- approach to the challenge of building alter- tive fuel vehicles (AFVs) by local govern- native fuels markets, providing participants ment and private fleets. SEP Special with the option to address problems unique Projects also support the establishment of a to their cities and fostering partnerships as national and regional refueling infrastructure the mechanism to overcome these problems. BUS FLEETS, LIKE THIS ONE IN PEORIA, ILLINOIS, CREATE CLEAN CITIES ENERGY SAVINGS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS. MASS TRANSIT FLEETS CAN ALSO SERVE AS A HIGHLY VISIBLE REMINDER OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL OPTIONS. for use by long- and short-haul fleets to ease the transition to AFVs. These activities, The Northeast region has been especially coupled with effective dissemination of active in promoting alternative fuel use and

he transportation sector comprises problems that plague our urban, suburban, 67% of total U.S. petroleum consump- and rural areas. Traffic congestion and noise pollution are on the rise across the country. tion, and depends on petroleum for T Emissions pose health risks to our citizens nearly 96% of its energy. In 1998 alone, the and contribute to environmental damage on transportation sector consumed 12 million land, in the water, and in the air. The conse- barrels of petroleum per day. Our nation’s quences of today’s transportation choices will dependence on oil imports has created signifi- continue to be felt by future generations. cant economic repercussions over the last 25 In an effort to influence these trends, the years, both in regard to the Federal budget Department of Energy’s Office of and on the pocket of the average U.S. citizen. Transportation Technologies (OTT) supports The drive to diversify our energy resources will play a large role in the nation’s sustain- SEP SPECIAL PROJECTS FUNDING ability and security in the 21st century. FOR THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR: 1996 $2,150,000 Energy consumption by the transportation 1997 $2,326,000 sector is continuing to increase — in fact, the 1998 $2,655,204 number of motor vehicles on the road has 1999 $3,692,702 almost doubled since 1970. The resulting NEW MEXICO PROMOTES ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR BY PARTICIPATING IN PARTNERSHIPS LIKE CLEAN CITIES, energy and environmental impacts are total: $10.8 million INCREASING THEIR ALTERNATE FUEL FLEET VEHICLES, AND CONTRIBUTING TO THE NATIONWIDE REFUELING INFRASTRUCTURE.

30 31 Transportation SectorSEP Special Projects Report

30 31 TRANSPORTATION SECTORSEP Special Projects Report

In 1998 Energy alone, the consumption transportation by the sector transportation

consumed THE DIAGRAM ABOVE SHOWS THE PERCENTAGE OF COMBINED CARBON MONOXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS FOR EACH sector ALTERNATIVE FUEL AS COMPARED TO REFORMULATED GASOLINE (RFG). FOR EXAMPLE, THE EMISSIONS FROM CNG VEHICLES ARE 12 million ESTIMATED TO BE 20%, COMPARED TO 100% EMISSIONS FROM VEHICLES USING RFG. CNG VEHICLES DEMONSTRATE AN 80% is continuing REDUCTION IN OZONE-FORMING EMISSIONS. barrels of to increase petroleum — in fact, the per day. fuel and maintenance costs. The project The Washington, D.C. metropolitan area number of includes a Mobile Emissions Credit has the second worst traffic congestion Reduction program where alternative fuel in the nation and is one of the fastest motor vehi- THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONVENIENT REFUELING SITES IS IMPERATIVE TO ENCOURAGE SHORT- AND LONG-HAUL FLEET OWNERS TO CONVERT THEIR VEHICLES TO ALTERNATIVE FUELS. fleet owners receive refueling “credits” set by growing areas in the country. To combat cles on the the amount of reduction in air pollution the problems arising from this rapid growth, from their fleet’s emissions. the Metro Baltimore-Washington, D.C. road has Clean Cities Program was established to leveraging funds to support Clean Cities The success of this program was evidenced Another Clean Cities partner which received cultivate the acceptance of alternative fuels. almost initiatives. The Capitol Clean Cities in the cab drivers’ willingness to drive the nationwide attention was the Tulsa This Clean Cities program leveraged Program in Connecticut, in a partnership vehicles, an increase in tips from riders, and doubled since (Oklahoma) Public School System, which also $850,000 in private funds to accompany the with local banks, car dealerships, utilities, the lower operating costs due to both lower received a 1999 Clean Cities National Partner $110,000 Special Projects grant. The 1970. and State and Federal government, imple- Award. As a member of the Tulsa Area program provides rebates to private and mented a program which assists State and Clean Cities Coalition, the system expanded local government fleets for the purchase private fleet owners in financing alternative its fleet of alternative fuel vehicles with fund- of, or conversion to, compressed natural fuel conversion. In the 1997 fiscal year, the ing through SEP Special Projects. As the gas (CNG) vehicles. The program offers program solicited $295,000 in private funds largest district in the State, Tulsa currently $4,000 towards dedicated CNG vehicles to bolster the $50,000 Federal grant. In owns a fleet of 287 school buses, 147 of which and $2,000 toward bi-fueled vehicles. 1998, the program leveraged another are AFVs. The result of this conversion is The alternative fuel infrastructure is also $150,000 in private funds, in tandem with impressive: the district saves a substantial being expanded to include a CNG refueling another $125,000 Special Projects grant. $35,574 per year in fuel costs. School bus station in Columbia, Maryland, which is the The program’s impact extends well beyond conversions can yield exceptional far-reaching halfway point between the two cities. leveraging successes. For example, the Taxi ASPARTOFACONNECTICUT SPECIAL PROJECTS GRANT, THE results; not only do the fleets offer energy Fleet Program with Yellow Cab Company YELLOW CAB COMPANY OF BLOOMFIELD CONVERTED THEIR FLEETS TO CNG WITH GREAT FANFARE. THE SUCCESSFUL PRO- savings, but their high visibility can educate Similarly, rapid growth in Phoenix, Arizona, of Bloomfield, Connecticut, was a 1999 GRAM BECAME A 1999 CLEAN CITIES NATIONAL PARTNER the public about the advantages of alternative has resulted in the area being designated Clean Cities National Partner Award winner. AWARD WINNER. fuel use. “serious” under the National Ambient Air

32 33 TRANSPORTATION SECTORSEP Special Projects Report

In 1998 Energy alone, the consumption transportation by the sector transportation

32 33 TRANSPORTATION SECTORSEP Special Projects Report

Quality Standard for ozone, carbon Francisco area, including airports, public dioxide, and other hazardous pollutants. parking garages, malls, parks, and restau- The Maricopa Association of Governments rants. This $100,000 Federal grant raised is dedicated to reducing area pollution more than twice its total ($225,000) in lever- through the use of alternative fuel vehicles. aged funds. North Carolina and South The United To applaud the effort, the Association Carolina collaborated to increase the public The received an award at the 1999 National awareness of AFVs through The Electrical States Clean Cities Meeting for achieving the largest Vehicle Education Information Forum Interstate transporta- increase in alternative fuel vehicles in the Curriculum Development Project. This Clean previous year — 1,800. Additionally, the collaboration provided non-technical tion sector Association partnered with Tucson Clean forums for the general public on electrical Transportation depends on Cities to add electric refueling sites between vehicles and their operation in order to Corridor in the two cities. make their use a viable option. petroleum for California, nearly 96% of Many cities are exploring new opportunities Nevada, and to expand AFV use and involve the public in INFRASTRUCTURE its energy. their endeavors. The Greater Philadelphia The decline of the nation’s rail transport Utah, will Clean Cities Program (Pennsylvania) has industry is partially due to a rapid increase displace initiated a drive for AFV shuttle operations, in the use of heavy-duty diesel trucks to WITH THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL ALTERNATIVE FUEL USAGE AND ON-GOING NATIONWIDE EXPANSION OF REFUELING CORRIDORS, THE specifically at Philadelphia International transport the nation’s goods. These pollutant- GENERAL PUBLIC BECOMES MORE OPEN TO PERSONAL ALTERNATIVE FUEL USE. 4.7 million Airport, local hotels, and universities. The and energy-intensive vehicles are a primary gallons of Bay Area Clean Cities Program, target for alternative fuel usage. One of the (California) along with General Motors, has most critical aspects in the deployment of petroleum installed a network of forty electric vehicle alternative fuels is the establishment of a Many regions have instituted Clean Corridor from Florida to California. An outstanding recharging stations for use by the general refueling infrastructure to support short- and and mitigate Projects, or enhanced their Clean Cities leveraging example, the project secured public at various sites around the San long-haul fleets. programs, to include the planning of new $760,000 in private funds and $150,000 more than station sites and to link current refueling in Special Project funds. 286 tons of sites across the region in a manner to support commercial fleet industries and A Clean Crossroads partnership comprised pollution the general public. It has been estimated of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio focused on annually. that the Interstate Clean Transportation the creation of a practical infrastructure to Corridor, which traces from California serve the tri-State area. The partners tailored through Nevada and Utah, will displace 4.7 efforts to meet the unique needs of each million gallons of petroleum and mitigate State, while collaborating to develop an more than 286 tons of pollution annually. effective refueling infrastructure. Indiana installed a natural gas fueling station at the Another demonstration of integrated plan- juncture of I-64 and U.S. Highway 41, which ning is the LNG/CNG Fueling Station are major thoroughfares used by the public Project in Las Cruces, New Mexico. This and industry alike. Ohio converted several THIS HEAVY-DUTY TRUCK UTILIZES A NETWORK OF station is located near the intersection of government fleets, including those of the city NATURAL GAS STATIONS I-10 and I-25, along the East-West Corridor of Cincinnati, where three underground, THROUGHOUT CALIFORNIA.

34 35 TRANSPORTATION SECTORSEP Special Projects Report

in the northeast corridor were organized fuel refueling sites. The Chicago, Illinois, by both the Philadelphia Regional Office area has the largest density of fleet vehicles and the Boston Regional Office, in in the nation. This necessitates the conjunction with several Clean Cities. The support of a broad ethanol (E-85) refueling Northeast Clean Corridor Project connects infrastructure and to date, ten refueling sites One of the Washington, D.C. to Boston, Massachusetts, have been constructed with the help of with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, being the Special Projects. The E-85 Infrastructure most critical central point. Construction and Development Program aspects for the Chicago Area Project was financed States across the nation have realized the through a $250,000 Federal grant and in the multiple benefits of establishing alternative $647,000 in privately-leveraged funds. deployment of alternative fuels is the establishment of a refueling infrastructure. U.S. MAP SHOWING REFUELING SITE COUNTS FOR ALL ALTERNATIVE FUEL TYPES (CNG, M85, E85, LPG, LNG, ELECTRIC) ome Clean Cities partnerships are laying the groundwork for a more efficient transportation future. The Austin (Texas) SClean Cities Coalition has studied the feasibility of using only alternative fuel vehicles at the new Austin-Bergstrom International Airport and has determined that AFV’s are appropriate for most airport 10,000-gallon E-85 tanks were installed. In and that their air quality goals could be more uses. Complete AFV adoption of looks promising, as parking contrac- addition, Kentucky converted service vehicles efficiently met through a coordinated effort. at Louisville Regional Airport and installed The Corridor integrates the three Clean tors and some airlines are already designated AFV users. In Salt Lake three E-85 fueling stations. Cities and the adjacent communities along I-25. The program has created a map of City, Utah, a similar airport project is underway. The Clean Cities Program recognizes collab- fueling stations, a quarterly newsletter, oration is essential in creating an effective promotional material, and a kiosk at Rocky infrastructure. Three Colorado Clean Cities Mountain National Park, as well as, efficiency (Colorado Springs, Denver/Boulder, surveys and training for fleet managers. Weld/Larimer/Rocky Mountain National Park) joined forces to create the Colorado While many corridor programs rely on Front Range Corridor. These cities realized collaboration between Clean Cities or that clean air was more than a local issue, States for effectiveness, the sites established

36 37 TRANSPORTATION SECTORSEP Special Projects Report

36 37 Future Outlook SEP Special Projects Report

ince its inception, the State Energy Program has Each end-use sector continue to be imple- has achieved success mented. Special Projects enabled States to address local energy priorities through the Special are not simply a short- Projects program. term fix to the nation’s while contributing to national energy initiatives. The Office of Building energy concerns; they S Technology, State and offer long-term solutions The Special Projects portion of SEP has been especially Community Programs by presenting the nation has assisted with practices and adept at allowing the Department of Energy end-use sectors communities and policies which can be regional partnerships in employed for a secure to capitalize upon the inherent flexibility of SEP, while improving energy effi- economy, a clean ciency through the environment, and a safe simultaneously meeting sector-specific goals. Special implementation, energy supply. enforcement, and update Projects have given DOE the opportunity to partner with State of building energy codes and the retrofit of The SEP network faces dramatic challenges existing buildings. FEMP has facilitated today, arising from the evolution in energy governments to effectively deploy new energy efficiency and the advancement of energy efficiency, water markets, increasing environmental concerns, conservation, and renewable energy in and shifting population patterns. These renewable energy technologies across the country. Federal facilities nationwide. The Office of same trends also offer many new opportuni- Industrial Technologies has introduced clean ties for the Program to continue deploying production methods and cutting-edge new technologies and increasing the use of technologies to regional industries. The energy efficiency and renewable energy. Office of Power Technologies has promoted SEP’s dynamic, State-based delivery system the development, testing, and application can meet the challenges of today’s energy of renewable energy technologies such as situation and prepare for opportunities on the biomass, geothermal, wind, hydrogen, and horizon. In this changing environment, SEP solar. The Office of Transportation Special Projects will continue to play a key role Technologies has accelerated the conversion in developing and deploying clean energy solu- to alternative fuel vehicles and the establish- tions for the 21st century. ment of an alternative fuel infrastructure. The nation will always bear the responsibility The diverse energy efficiency and renewable of its energy practices and policies. The energy projects implemented through SEP energy technology development, deployment, Special Projects have produced energy, and education efforts made possible through environmental, and economic benefits SEP Special Projects can assist the nation in across the nation. These benefits will creating an energy history which can be increase exponentially as the methods and proudly displayed to future generations. technologies encouraged by Special Projects

38 39 Future Outlook SEP Special Projects Report

38 39 Appendix SEP Special Projects Report

EP Special Projects grants are awarded annually on a competitive TOTAL SPECIAL PROJECT FUNDING PER STATE/TERRITORY basis. In order to obtain these funds, each State first sets its own (1996-1999) energy priorities and then submits completed proposals to the appropriate S Alabama $652,562 Nevada $710,000 DOE Regional Office. Regional Offices forward all submissions to Department Alaska $180,000 New Hampshire $554,249 of Energy headquarters, where funding decisions are made by each end-use Arizona $451,620 New Jersey $633,892 sector offices. Each end-use sector determines which proposals best meet American Samoa $95,800 New Mexico $870,000 respective national goals and chooses the most potentially successful projects. Arkansas $562,290 New York $3,099,312 The proposals are then sent to the Office of Building Technology, State and California $3,779,944 North Carolina $335,000 Community Programs for final approval. This process provides cohesiveness Colorado $1,578,342 North Dakota $224,055 with respect to sector initiatives, while continuing to allow State flexibility. Connecticut $689,850 Northern Mariana Islands $12,000 Delaware $480,000 Ohio $1,884,993 District of Columbia $348,323 Oklahoma $312,400 Florida $1,162,735 Oregon $2,084,853 Georgia $946,537 Palau $63,800 Total number of SEP Special Projects awarded annually Guam $225,000 Pennsylvania $934,000 Hawaii $1,322,616 Puerto Rico $300,000 $20,000,000 Idaho $975,488 Rhode Island $1,618,962 Illinois $1,050,000 South Carolina $614,514 Indiana $938,478 South Dakota N/A $15,000,000 Iowa $1,640,000 Tennessee $373,000 Kansas $922,634 Texas $1,064,103 Kentucky $738,493 Utah $2,005,375 $10,000,000 Louisiana $842,000 Vermont $1,025,000 Maine $1,071,176 Virgin Islands $183,000 $5,000,000 Maryland $1,182,000 Virginia $632,124 Massachusetts $1,098,327 Washington $1,956,329 Michigan $677,500 West Virginia $957,000 0 Minnesota $847,618 1996 1997 1998 1999 Wisconsin $1,739,107 Mississippi $614,249 Wyoming $177,328 Missouri $296,000 Montana $673,355 Nebraska $1,432,810 Total $51,860,143

40 41 Appendix SEP Special Projects Report

40 41 APPENDIX SEP SpecialAcknowledgments Projects Report

Ince 1996, SEP Special Projects has funded projects totaling $24.0 million This publication would not have been possible without the information for the buildings sector; $2.8 million for FEMP; $9.4 million for the industrial supplied by the State Energy Offices, DOE’s Regional Offices, the end-use sector Ssector; $4.9 million for the power technologies sector; and $10.8 million for the transportation sector. offices, and FEMP. Staff of these organizations supplied information on more

than 100 of their most effective and successful projects, as well as photographs. 1996 1997 1998 1999 TOTAL In addition, valuable contributions were made by DOE program managers and Buildings 6,497,000 4,861,000 5,185,863 7,475,402 24,019,265 staff associated with the State Energy Program in the Office of Building FEMP 554,000 580,000 966,000 683,349 2,783,349 Technology, State and Community Programs.

Industrial 2,000,000 1,375,000 2,480,000 3,504,068 9,359,684

Power Technologies N/A 1,352,000 1,736,084 1,775,855 4,863,939

Transportation 2,150,000 2,326,000 2,665,204 3,692,702 10,833,906

Grand total for all projects $51,860,143

Total amount of annual funds awarded to SEP Special Projects

$20,000,000

$15,000,000

$10,000,000

$5,000,000

0 1996 1997 1998 1999

42 43 APPENDIX SEP SpecialAcknowledgments Projects Report

Industrial 2,000,000 1,375,000 2,480,000 3,504,068 9,359,684

Power Technologies N/A 1,352,000 1,736,084 1,775,855 4,863,939

Transportation 2,150,000 2,326,000 2,665,204 3,692,702 10,833,906

Grand total for all projects $51,860,143

Total amount of annual funds awarded to SEP Special Projects

$20,000,000

$15,000,000

$10,000,000

$5,000,000

0 1996 1997 1998 1999

42 43 Notice

FOR ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS REPORT CALL: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse 1-800-363-3732

NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express, or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.

Printed in the United States of America

Printed in soy ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% post consumer waste.

44 FOR MORE INFORMATION

Write us at: U.S. Department of Energy, EE-42 Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20585-0121

Visit our Web sites at:

State Energy Program www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/state_energy

Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs www.eren.doe.gov/buildings

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network (EREN) www.eren.doe.gov

DOE/EERE’s Regional Offices www.eren.doe.gov/rso.html

Federal Energy Management Program www.eren.doe.gov/femp/

Office of Industrial Technologies www.oit.doe.gov

Industries of the Future www.oit.doe.gov/industries.shtml

Office of Power Technologies www.eren.doe.gov/power

Office of Transportation Technologies www.ott.doe.gov

Clean Cities www.ccities.doe.gov U.S. Department of Energy, EE-42 Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20585-0121