The 2019 State Energy Efficiency Scorecard
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The 2019 State Energy Efficiency Scorecard Weston Berg, Shruti Vaidyanathan, Eric Junga, Emma Cooper, Chris Perry, Grace Relf, Andrew Whitlock, Marianne DiMascio, Corri Waters, and Nadia Cortez October 2019 Report U1908 © American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy 529 14th Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20045 Phone: (202) 507-4000 • Twitter: @ACEEEDC Facebook.com/myACEEE • aceee.org 2019 STATE SCORECARD © ACEEE Contents About the Authors ................................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................................................... v Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................ vi Chapter 1. Introduction, Methodology, and Results ....................................................................................... 1 Scoring ...................................................................................................................................... 2 State Data Collection and Review ........................................................................................ 4 Areas beyond Our Scope: Local and Federal Efforts ......................................................... 5 This Year’s Changes in Scoring Methodology ................................................................... 6 2019 State Energy Efficiency Scorecard Results ................................................................. 7 Strategies for Improving Energy Efficiency ...................................................................... 14 Chapter 2. Utility and Public Benefits Programs and Policies .................................................................... 17 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 17 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 17 Scoring and Results .............................................................................................................. 18 Discussion .............................................................................................................................. 22 Additional Policies ............................................................................................................... 54 Chapter 3. Transportation Policies ..................................................................................................................... 59 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 59 Scoring and Results .............................................................................................................. 59 Discussion .............................................................................................................................. 64 Proposed Metrics for 2020 ................................................................................................... 67 Chapter 4. Building Energy Efficiency Policies ............................................................................................... 73 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 73 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 79 i 2019 STATE SCORECARD © ACEEE Scoring and Results .............................................................................................................. 79 Discussion .............................................................................................................................. 82 Proposed Metric for 2020: Governmental Member Voting Representatives ............... 92 Chapter 5. Combined Heat and Power ............................................................................................................. 96 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 96 Scoring and Results .............................................................................................................. 96 Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 101 Additional Unscored Metric ............................................................................................. 106 Chapter 6. State Government–Led Initiatives ............................................................................................... 110 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 110 Scoring and Results ............................................................................................................ 110 Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 112 Chapter 7. Appliance and Equipment Efficiency Standards .................................................................... 132 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 132 Scoring and Results ............................................................................................................ 133 Chapter 8. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................ 136 States Lead on Clean Energy and the Evolving Role of Efficiency ............................. 136 Extension and Expansion of Savings Targets ................................................................. 136 Appliance Standards .......................................................................................................... 137 Electric Vehicles .................................................................................................................. 137 Buildings .............................................................................................................................. 138 Data Limitations ................................................................................................................. 138 Potential New Metrics ....................................................................................................... 139 Last Word ............................................................................................................................ 140 References ............................................................................................................................................................... 141 ii 2019 STATE SCORECARD © ACEEE Appendix A. Respondents to Utility and State Energy Office Data Requests ..................................... 153 Appendix B. Electric Efficiency Program Spending per Capita ............................................................... 157 Appendix C. Large-Customer Self-Direct Programs by State .................................................................. 158 Appendix D. State Energy Efficiency Resource Standards ....................................................................... 164 Appendix E. Tax Incentives for High-Efficiency Vehicles ......................................................................... 173 Appendix F. State Transit Funding .................................................................................................................. 175 Appendix G. State Transit Legislation ............................................................................................................ 177 Appendix H. State Progress toward Public Building Energy Benchmarking ..................................... 181 Appendix I. State Energy Savings Performance Contracting: Investments and Savings ................. 182 Appendix J. Total Energy and Cost Savings from State Financial Incentives ...................................... 183 Appendix K. State Efficiency Spending and Savings Targets for Low-Income Customers ............. 190 Appendix L. Cost-Effectiveness Rules for Utility Low-Income Efficiency Programs ........................ 194 iii 2019 STATE SCORECARD © ACEEE About the Authors Weston Berg is the lead author of the Scorecard. He conducts research, analysis, and outreach on energy efficiency policy areas including utility regulation, state government policies, and building energy codes. Shruti Vaidyanathan, senior adviser for research at ACEEE, helps coordinate research efforts organization-wide. She has extensive experience in transportation efficiency issues, and her work has most recently focused on improving mobility at the state and local levels. Eric Junga conducts research and analysis for the ACEEE Transportation Program. He analyzes light-duty vehicle technologies and policies to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. He also leads the annual life-cycle emissions analysis of light-duty vehicles for ACEEE’s Greenercars.org. Emma Cooper is a research analyst with ACEEE’s state and local policy teams, researching utility regulation, transportation