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US Geological Survey—Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report For U.S. Geological Survey—Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report for 2017 Circular 1435 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Top: Wind energy facility in White Pine County, Nevada (Alan M. Cressler, U.S. Geological Survey [USGS]), and bats flying at night (Ann Froschaue, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). Middle: Utility-scale solar array on Moapa Band of Paiutes Indian land, southern Nevada (U.S. Department of Energy), and desert tortoise near Palm Springs, California (Jeffrey Lovich, USGS). Bottom: Glen Canyon Dam hydroelectric facility at night, Arizona (Thomas Ross Reeve, Bureau of Reclamation), and razorback sucker (Melanie Fischer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). U.S. Geological Survey—Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report for 2017 Edited by Mona Khalil Agave plants at a U.S. Department of Agriculture experimental plot site near Phoenix, Arizona. The U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Arid Land Agricultural Research Center and Ohio University, is conducting tests for the potential production of agave biofuel. Photograph by Sasha Reed, U.S. Geological Survey. Circular 1435 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior RYAN K. ZINKE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey William H. Werkheiser, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2017 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov/ or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Khalil, Mona, ed., 2017, U.S. Geological Survey—Energy and wildlife research annual report for 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1435, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1435. ISSN 1067-084X (print) ISSN 2330-5703 (online) ISBN 978-1-4113-4169-2 iii Contents Science to Understand Risks, Measure Impacts, and Inform Solutions ..............................................1 Partners ...........................................................................................................................................................1 USGS Mission .................................................................................................................................................1 Energy and Wildlife Science Strategy .......................................................................................................2 Updates to the Annual Report .....................................................................................................................2 List of Projects ................................................................................................................................................3 Energy Icons ...................................................................................................................................................7 Study Locations ..............................................................................................................................................8 Project Descriptions ....................................................................................................................................11 Bats .......................................................................................................................................................11 Raptors..................................................................................................................................................18 Great Lakes, Coastal, and Marine Birds .........................................................................................27 Grassland Birds and Waterbirds ......................................................................................................34 Alaska Marine and Avian Species ...................................................................................................42 Marine and Terrestrial Animals ........................................................................................................44 Desert Tortoise ....................................................................................................................................51 Pollinators ............................................................................................................................................55 Fish and Other Aquatic Species .......................................................................................................57 Wildlife Habitats and Ecosystem Functions ...................................................................................71 Conservation and Energy Development Planning Tools ...............................................................77 Fatality Estimation Tools ....................................................................................................................83 Risk Assessment and Management Support Tools .......................................................................85 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................89 List of Species ..............................................................................................................................................90 iv Abbreviations ABR auditory brainstem response AEA Alaska Energy Authority BCI Bat Conservation International BLM Bureau of Land Management BOEM Bureau of Ocean Energy Management BOR Bureau of Reclamation BSEE Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement CRM Collision Risk Model DART disturbance automated reference toolset DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DOE U.S. Department of Energy DOI U.S. Department of the Interior DRECP Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan EIA U.S. Energy Information Administration ESA Endangered Species Act FAA Federal Aviation Administration FSC floating surface collector GIS geographic information system GOM Gulf of Mexico GoMMAPPS Gulf of Mexico Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species GPS-GSM Global Positioning System-Global System for Mobile Communications NABat North American Bat Monitoring Program NMFS U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPS National Park Service OCS Outer Continental Shelf PacOCS Pacific Outer Continental Shelf PCR polymerase chain reaction PPR Prairie Pothole Region SCB Southern California Bight UOG unconventional oil and gas URTD upper respiratory tract disease USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey UV ultraviolet WEC wave energy conversion WLCI Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative WNS white-nose syndrome U.S. Geological Survey—Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report for 2017 Edited by Mona Khalil Science to Understand Risks, Measure Impacts, and Inform Solutions USGS Mission Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems provide valuable The USGS provides science about the natural services to humans and are a source of clean water, energy, hazards that threaten lives and livelihoods; raw materials, and productive soils. The Nation’s food sup- the water, energy, minerals, and other natural ply is more secure because of wildlife. For example, native resources we rely on; the health of our ecosystems pollinators enhance agricultural crops, and insect-eating bats and environment; and the impacts of climate and provide pest control services worth billions of dollars to land-use change. USGS scientists work to develop farmers annually. Fish and wildlife are also vital to a vibrant new methods and tools to supply timely, relevant, outdoor recreation and tourism industry. Recreational activi- and useful information about the Earth and its ties, such as hunting, shooting, boating, and angling, gener- processes. ated $1.1 billion in excise taxes paid to State wildlife agencies in 2017. National parks, wildlife refuges, and monuments accounted for $35 billion in economic output and 318,000 jobs nationwide in 2016 (Cullinane and Koontz, 2017). Additional generation facilities. Because energy development can often economic benefits are generated from the use and enjoyment occur in wildlife habitats, ecological science can help guide of wildlife in State-owned lands and waters. project siting and operational decisions to areas that present Although the United States is rich in natural resources, the lowest risk to wildlife and energy developers. human activity continues to place new pressures on fish and To address these challenges and make the most of new wildlife and the habitats they rely on. The United States opportunities, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is produc- became the world’s top producer of petroleum and natural ing innovative science to develop workable solutions that can gas products in 2012, surpassing Russia’s natural gas produc- help sustain wildlife and the habitat they rely upon, while tion levels in 2009 and Saudi Arabia’s petroleum production allowing informed development.
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