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Hongos Liquenícolas Del Norte De Portugal, Especialmente Del Parque Natural Montesinho

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Hongos Liquenícolas Del Norte De Portugal, Especialmente Del Parque Natural Montesinho Nova Acta Científica Compostelana (Bioloxía), 27: 35-50 (2020) - ISSN 2340-0021 ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Hongos liquenícolas del norte de Portugal, especialmente del Parque Natural Montesinho Lichenicolous fungi from Northern Portugal, specially from Montesinho Natural Park *JAVIER ETAYO1 & Mª EUGENIA LÓPEZ DE SILANES2 1Navarro Villoslada 16, 3º dcha. 31003 Pamplona, Navarra (España) 2Departamento de Enxeñaría dos Recursos Naturais e Medio Ambiente, Enxeñaría Forestal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de Pontevedra, 36005 Pontevedra *[email protected], [email protected] (Recibido: 15/04/2020; Aceptado: 18/09/2020) Resumen Se señalan 48 taxones de hongos liquenícolas recolectados en el norte de Portugal, especialmente en el Parque Natural de Montesinho. Se describe Chalara ramalinae, hongo que parasita líquenes del género Ra- malina. Se cita por primera vez para Europa el hongo liquenícola Trichonectria australis que crece en especies del género Usnea. Endophragmiella franconica y Opegrapha rotunda son nuevas citas para la Península Ibérica y es la primera vez que se señala el hongo Cryptocoryneum condensatum como liquenícola. Además, se incluye un anexo con 59 especies de líquenes, muchos de ellos hospedantes de hongos liquenícolas, algunos de ellos son de especial interés para la corología liquénica en Portugal. Palabras clave: biodiversidad, biogeografía, líquenes, Península Ibérica, taxonomía. Abstract A total of 48 lichenicolous fungi is recorded from Montesinho Natural Park, northern Portugal. Chalara ramalinae growing on Ramalina is newly described. Trichonectria australis growing on Usnea is recorded for the first time from Europe. Opegrapha rotunda is a first record for the Iberian Peninsula.Cryptocoryneum condensatum is for the first time recorded as lichenicolous. Furthermore, we record here 59 lichen species, many of them with interesting lichenicolous fungi, and some of chorological interest to Portugal. Keywords: biodiversity, lichens, biogeography, Iberian Peninsula, taxonomy. INTRODUCCIÓN En dicho estudio, la mayor parte de localidades La flora liquénica del Parque Natural de estudiadas estaban situadas al sur de Bragança, Montesinho ha sido estudiada por VAN DEN mientras que las nuestras están centradas en BOOM (2003). En base a un proyecto llevado los magníficos castañares que abundan en el a cabo por miembros de la SEL (Sociedad norte de esa localidad. Dieciséis hongos lique- española de liquenología) y publicado por nícolas y hongos liquenizados sobre líquenes PAZ-BERMÚDEZ et al. (2009), se señalaron un fueron señalados por PAZ-BERMÚDEZ et al. total de 424 taxones de líquenes y hongos li- (2009), de los cuales en este trabajo sólo en- quenícolas, 57 de los cuales fueron nuevos para contramos tres: Cyphelium sessile, Sphinctrina Portugal, incluyendo también recolecciones de turbinata y Vouauxiella lichenicola. El resto de la Serra da Nogueira y del valle del río Sabor. las especies citadas por dichos autores y que 36 Nova Acta Científica Compostelana (Bioloxía), 27 (2020) no hemos vuelto a localizar son: Abrothallus o después de un pretratamiento con hidróxido cetrariae Kotte, A. cf. bertianus De Not., potásico (KI), ácido nítrico (N) y colorantes Arthonia varians (Davies) Nyl., Buellia badia como azul de cresilo (BCr) o rojo Congo (CR). (Fr.) A. Massal., Carbonea vitellinaria (Nyl.) Las fotografías bajo la lupa binocular se han Hertel, Cecidonia umbonella (Nyl.) Triebel & efectuado con una cámara USB adaptada al Rambold, Hainesia pertusariae Etayo & Die- ocular y las microscópicas con una cámara derich, Lichenoconium usneae (Anzi) D. Hawk- ProgRes CT1 acoplada al microscopio. Para sw., Lichenodiplis lecanorae (Vouaux) Dyko la nomenclatura generalmente hemos seguido & D. Hawksw., Lichenostigma cosmopolites a DIEDERICH et al. (2018). Hafellner & Calat., Rimularia insularis (Nyl.) El holótipo de la especie nombrada y algu- Rambold & Hertel, Sphinctrina leucopoda Nyl. nos duplicados se han enviado al herbario PO y S. tubiformis A. Massal. En las mismas o en (Porto), mientras que el resto permanece en el localidades cercanas, VAN DEN BOOM & GIRALT herbario particular del autor (hb. Etayo) y en (1999) citan Muellerella hospitans Stizenb.; VIT (Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Álava). VAN DEN BOOM & ETAYO (2000): Abrothallus En el catálogo se indica para cada taxón bertianus de Not., Lichenoconium lecanorae la localidad o localidades donde fue recolec- (Jaap) D. Hawksw., Nesolechia fusca (Triebel tado, los líquenes sobre los que crecen y los & Rambold) Pérez-Ortega, Refractohilum forófitos sobre los que viven los líquenes, así galligenum D. Hawksw., Rimularia insularis y como el herbario y número de herbario de los Syzygospora physciacearum Diederich & M.S. pliegos. En los taxones relevantes también se Christ.; y VAN DEN BOOM (2003): Carbonea incluyen algunos caracteres destacables y las vitellinaria, Halecania giraltiae v.d. Boom & citas anteriores. Etayo y Nesolechia oxyspora (Tul.) A. Massal. Algunos líquenes foliáceos o fruticulosos Lista de localidades son muy abundantes. Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) La localidad 1 está situada en España por Körb., Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blan- lo que no se ha considerado en este trabajo. co et al., Parmelia sulcata Taylor, Parmelina Loc. 2. Portugal: Tras-os-Montes, Bra- tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale, pueden crecer incluso gança, Parque Natural Montesinho, entre sobre las grandes especies del Lobarion, como Rabal y Franca, ladera orientada al W con Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.; esta especie castaños y encinas, 25-VII-2016, 635 m, y Ricasolia amplissima (Scop.) De Not. son 41º52’20’’N, 6º44’41’’O, J. Etayo & E. Ros. muy abundantes. Loc. 3. Portugal: Tras-os-Montes, Bra- gança, Parque Natural Montesinho, Meixedo, MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS grandes castaños en cultivo de cereal, 25- La morfología y anatomía de los hongos VII-2016, 745 m, 41º51’16.5’’N, 6º45’45’’O, estudiados se ha examinado con un micros- J. Etayo & E. Ros. copio NIKON ECLIPSE 80i (con óptica DIC Loc. 4. Portugal: Tras-os-Montes, Bragança, o Nomarski) y una lupa binocular MEIJI Parque Natural Montesinho, entre Meixedo y triocular. Las medidas de estructuras visibles Vilanova, enormes castaños de c. 1,5 m de a la lupa, como apotecios o peritecios se han diámetro, 25-VII-2016, 745 m, 41º51’16’’N, efectuado en seco, las microscópicas en agua 6º45’45’’O, J. Etayo & E. Ros. destilada con el objetivo de 100X. Las secciones Loc. 5. Portugal: Tras-os-Montes, Bra- de los ascomas se han hecho con cuchilla de gança, Parque Natural Montesinho, carretera afeitar a mano alzada y también se ha recu- desde Soeira a Villhais, Castanea y Quercus rrido al aplastamiento en algunos casos de pyrenaica, 26-VII-2016, 710 m, 41º50’41’’N, hongos con peritecios. Hemos utilizado para 6º55’43’’O, J. Etayo & E. Ros. observar las diferentes estructuras, reactivos Loc. 6. Portugal: Tras-os-Montes, Bra- convencionales en liquenología: KOH al 10% gança, Parque Natural Montesinho, camino (K), solución iodo-iodurada de Lugol (I), solo de Soeira a Fresulfe, bosquetes de Quercus Etayo & López de Silanes: Lichenicolous fungi from Northern Portugal 37 pyrenaica, 26-VII-2016, 850 m, 41º52’51’’N, adophialophora normandinae (Diederich & 6º54’48’’W, J. Etayo & E. Ros. Etayo) Diederich, Monodictys fuliginosa Eta- Loc. 7. Portugal: Tras-os-Montes, Bra- yo y Nectriopsis lecanodes (Ces. in Rabenh.) gança, Parque Natural Montesinho, castañar Diederich & Schroers y un liquen que puede de Fuentes Barrosas, viejos Castanea, 26-VII- vivir como liquenícola, Catillaria nigroclavata 2016, 41º48’54’’N, 6º49’28’’O, 790 m, J. Etayo (Nyl.) Schuler. & E. Ros. Se incluye un anexo con 59 especies de lí- Loc. 8. Portugal: P. N. Gêres, parque del quenes, la mayoría hospedantes de los hongos pueblo, Quercus y Picea, 27-VII-2016, 720 m, liquenícolas, algunas de ellas son de especial 41º43’59’’N, 8º07’57’’O, J. Etayo & E. Ros. interés para la corología liquénica en Portugal Loc. 9. Portugal: Distrito de Braga, entre al no conocerse citas de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Frades y Vieira do Minho, parque con Quercus Douro: Coccocarpia erythroxyli, Heterodermia robur, entrada facenda, 28-VII-2016, 390 m, japonica, Phaeophyscia endococcina, Physma 41º36’39’’N, 8º07’57’’O, J. Etayo & E. Ros. omphalarioides, Piccolia ochrophora, Rinodina Loc. 10. Portugal: Braga, camino de Vieira isidioides y Waynea adscendens. do Minho hacia la Sª de Cabreira, robledal Catálogo en parque con Lobarion, 28-VII-2016, 580 — Abrothallus parmotrematis Diederich m, 41º38’51’N, 8º06’04’’O, J. Etayo & E. Ros. Solo encontramos la fase asexual con co- Loc. 11. Portugal: Braga, Povoa de Lanho- nidios similares a los descritos por DIEDERICH so, Castillo sobre el domo, 28-VII-2016, 400 (2011). m, 41º35’07’’N, 8º16’51’’O, J. Etayo & E. ROS. Ha sido citada anteriormente por VAN DEN BOOM (2003) de Montesinho sobre Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. y Parmelia RESULTADOS saxatilis (L.) Ach. El catálogo consta de 48 taxones de hongos Loc. 9: en Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) liquenícolas, la mayoría recolectado en el Par- M. Choisy, en Quercus robur, J. Etayo 30188. que Natural de Montesinho. La biodiversidad — Abrothallus suecicus (Kirscht.) Nordin de esta zona tanto en líquenes como en hongos En los apotecios de Ramalina spp. mezclado liquenícolas es bastante alta. La presencia de con su fase asexual, mucho más abundante, viejos árboles, fundamentalmente castaños, (Vouauxiomyces ramalinae D. Hawksw.) que con cortezas gruesas y agrietadas, dan lugar ennegrece los apotecios y de cuyos ostíolos a nichos diferentes
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