Instructions to Authors

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Lichenologist is an international journal and wel- Sweden, Lule Lappmark, Skarfi, 1864, Hellbom (UPS— comes papers and short communications from con- holotype). tributors anywhere in the world on any aspect of (c) citation of specimens examined: lichenology. Long lists of citations are discouraged. Data should be Manuscripts must be original, clearly and precisely reproduced as either maps or lists containing only data presented in English and electronic versions sub- essential for locating specimens. Complete lists, with the mitted to The Lichenologist ScholarOne website above format, can be deposited with The Lichenologist following the and other appropriate Institutions, and their location on-screen instructions. Please note that submission noted in the text. must be done from The Lichenologist ScholarOne ac- Selected specimens examined. British Isles: Scotland: count belonging to the Corresponding Author. Authors V.C.96, Easterness: Abernethy Forest, near Forest submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding Lodge, 38/01.16, on Pinus lignum, 1975, Coppins that, if it is accepted, copyright of the paper will be [2199] & Rose (BM, E).—Germany: Bayern: Allgauer assigned exclusively to the publisher (see Copyright Alpen, 1957, Schoppel & Poelt [Poelt, Lichenes Alpinum below). no. 56] (H).—Australia: Tasmania: Weindorfers Forest, 41°38#S, 145°56#E, 920 m, 1988, Kantvilas Key words. Supply 3–6 key words or phrases in 68/88 (E); Cox Bight, behind west beach, sea-level, addition to those in the title. 1985, J. A. Elix 20945 (ANUC). Victoria: Bellel Creek, c. 1800 m, 5 vi 1983, M. E. Hale (HO). Text. This must be word processed on A4 (210×297 mm) Tables. These must be self-explanatory and each pre- or letter (8·5×11 inch) in double spacing with 2·5 cm sented on separate pages outside the main text. A short margins all round. On all points of style concerning text title should be provided with any additional information and tables consult recent copies of the journal. Words to contained in footnotes. Vertical columns should be be italicized should be either underlined or typed in separated by spacing; vertical lines must be avoided. italics but not both. Complete scientific names (genus, species and authority) must be cited at first mention. Figures. Refer to all drawings, diagrams, graphs and Thereafter the generic name may be abbreviated to the photographs as figures. These should be of the highest initial except at the beginning of a sentence or where the quality and suitable for direct reproduction after reduc- abbreviation might result in confusion with other gen- tion where appropriate. Each figure should be presented era. Recent issues should be consulted for layout of as a separate file. Plan figures to appear within a single new species, new combinations, synonymy and lists of column (67 mm) or for reproduction across two col- specimens examined. Examples of style are given below. umns (139 mm). All nomenclatural novelties must be deposited in Myco- Bank and the MycoBank Drawings, diagrams and graphs. Preferred symbols for : O number included after the taxon name; this is intended graphs are , , , , , ; keys to symbols, etc, to minimize future confusion and make taxonomic data should be given in figure legends. Tick marks should be more widely available. The spelling of locality names in placed inside the axes of graphs and the use of greyscales the British Isles and abroad must follow the most recent should be avoided. editions of maps published by the Ordnance Survey and Photographs (colour or black and white) should be sub- The Times Atlas of the World, respectively. mitted at the size they will appear. There is a charge for Examples of style employed in colour printing (see Charges below). The Editor is sometimes able to offer a small subsidy from British (a) description of new species: Lichen Society funds to its members who find that they Ramalina jamesii Krog sp. nov. have insufficient money to meet the full cost of colour MycoBank MB128348 printing. At the Senior Editor’s discretion, images can be Thallus saxicola, ascendens vel plus minusve inclinatus. published in colour online free of charge while the hard . . . etc. copy appears in black and white, provided that colour is Typus: Portugal, Madeira, Porto Santo, Pico do not essential for the interpretation of the paper. In such Facho, 33°05#N, 16°19#W, on acidic rock, 350 m alt., cases the colour and black and white reproductions must 7 April 1988, H. Krog & E. Timdal 6163 (O—holo- be from the same image file. This facility will be largely typus; BM, UPS—isotypi). restricted to morphological and anatomical images since (b) citation of described species or new combinations: greyscale graphics are discouraged. Pyrenopsis furfurea (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Subdivisions of figures should be labelled with capital Bot. Notiser 1866: 58 (1866); type: Scotland, Ben letters, e.g. A, B, C, etc. All legends for figures should be Lawers, 1864, Jones (H-NYL 42916—lectotype; BM— provided on a separate page to be included with the text isolectotype). of the paper after the references. Pyrenopsidium terrigenum (Th. Fr.) Forss., Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. Upsal. ser. 3, 13(6): 81 (1985).—Pyrenopsis Format for supplying electronic artwork. haematopsis (Sommerf.) . terrigena Th. Fr. in Hellbom, To ensure that your figures are reproduced to the highest Öfvers K. Vetens Akad. Forh. 22(6): 478 (1865); type: possible standards and your article is published as

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 28 Sep 2021 at 18:16:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000673 quickly and efficiently as possible, we recommend References should be listed in alphabetic sequence with: the following formats and resolutions for supplying single authors, by date; two authors, alphabetically, electronic figures. then by date; three or more authors by date only. When Please ensure that your figures are saved at final papers are by more than ten authors, give the names of publication size and are in our recommended file only the first ten followed by ‘‘et al.’’. formats. Line artwork (e.g. graphs, drawings histograms, Abbreviations, etc. For guidance on units, symbols, diagrams) chemical nomenclature and abbreviations consult Format: tif or eps author guideline for the The New Phytologist. Colour mode: black and white (also known as 1-bit) Resolution: 1200 dpi Copyright. Authors submitting a manuscript do so on Size: please size to final publication size the understanding that if it is accepted for publication, Combination artwork (line/tone) copyright in the article, including the right to reproduce Format: tif or eps the article in all forms and media, shall be assigned Colour mode: grayscale (also known as 8-bit) exclusively to the British Lichen Society. The Copyright Resolution: 800 dpi Transfer Agreement, a copy of which is sent with the Size: please size to final publication size proofs or can be found on the journal home page listed Black and white halftone artwork (e.g. photographs) on the back cover, should be signed by the appropriate Format: tif person(s) and should accompany the original submis- Colour mode: grayscale (also known as 8-bit) sion of a manuscript to this journal. The transfer of Resolution: 300 dpi copyright does not take effect until the manuscript is Size: please size to final publication size accepted for publication. Copyright in the paper for the United States of America shall be assigned to the Colour halftone artwork (e.g. photographs) Society. It is the policy of the publisher that authors need Format: tif Colour mode: CMYK colour not obtain permission in the following cases only: (1) to Resolution: 300 dpi use their original figures or tables in their future works; Size: please size to final publication size (2) to make copies of their papers for use in their classroom teaching; and (3) to include their papers as References. Citations in the text should take the form: part of their dissertations. Green & White (2004) or (Brown 1999a, b, 2001; Smith & Jones 1999). Multiple citations should be ordered Offprints. In consideration for the assignment of copy- chronologically. When papers are by three or more right, the Society will supply 25 offprints and a pdf file of authors, give only the name of the first author followed each paper or Short Communication but not of Book by et al. (e.g. Halonen et al. 1998) throughout the text. Reviews. Further reprints can be ordered at extra cost At the end of the text, list the references alphabetically directly from Cambridge University Press when the using the following standard forms: author returns the proofs of their article. Scherrer, S. & Honegger, R. (2003) Inter- and intra- specific variation of homologous hydrophobin (H1) Charges. Page charges are not levied. Authors are re- gene sequences among Xanthoria spp. (lichen- sponsible for the cost of coloured illustrations and forming ascomycetes). New Phytologist 158: 375– should consult the Senior Editor regarding current 389. charges. Øvstedal, D. O. & Smith, R. I. L. (2001) Lichens of Antarctica and South Georgia. A Guide to their Identification and Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge Book Reviews. Books dealing with any aspect of li- University Press. chenology will be reviewed. Publishers wishing to have Lumbsch, H. T. (2002) Analysis of phenolic products in works reviewed in The Lichenologist should send them lichens for identification and taxonomy. In to Dr A. Fletcher, 117 Sycamore Way, Littlethorpe, Protocols in Lichenology: Culturing, Biochemistry, Leicester LE19 2HW, UK (a.fletcherfletcher@btinternet. Ecophysiology and Use in Biomonitoring (I. Kranner, com), in the first instance. R. P. Beckett & A. K. Varma, eds): 281–295. Berlin: Springer. Notice: While the Senior Editor and Editors endeav- Muggia, L., Schmitt, I., Blaha, J., Rankl, J. & Grube, M. our to check the accuracy of statements in contribu- (2006) Evolution of polyketide synthases in lichens. tions in as far as they are able, it should be emphasized In Abstracts of the 8th International Mycological that views expressed in papers in The Lichenologist are Congress, 21–25 August, 2006, Cairns, Australia, those of their authors and do not necessarily represent p. 167. those of the British Lichen Society, Cambridge Univer- Murtagh, G. J. (1999) Sex and variation in lichen-forming sity Press, the Senior Editor, or the members of the fungi. Ph.D. thesis, University of Nottingham. Editorial Board.

Editor John Lewis, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK

Journal of Helminthology publishes original papers Journal of Helminthology and review articles on all aspects of pure and applied is available online at: http://journals.cambridge.org/jhl helminthology, particularly those helminth parasites of environmental health, medical or veterinary importance. Research papers on helminths in wildlife hosts, including plant and insect parasites, are also published along with taxonomic papers contributing to the systematics of a To subscribe contact group. The journal will be of interest to academics and Customer Services researchers involved in the fields of human and veterinary in Cambridge: parasitology, public health, microbiology, ecology, Phone +44 (0)1223 326070 epidemiology and biochemistry. Fax +44 (0)1223 325150 Email [email protected]

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Experimental Agriculture publishes the results of original Experimental Agriculture research from any source on the agronomy of field, plantation and is available online at: http://journals.cambridge.org/eag herbage crops grown for human or animal food; for industrial purposes; and on systems of agricultural production, particularly in the warmer regions of the world. It is especially concerned To subscribe contact with experimental work designed to explain agronomic results in Customer Services biological and environmental terms. The journal publishes accounts Americas: of new experimental techniques, new methods of crop production Phone +1 (845) 353 7500 Fax +1 (845) 353 4141 and discusses problems in countries where production is developing Email rapidly. There are regular book reviews and occasional, often [email protected]

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The BRITISH LICHEN SOCIETY Lichenologist OFFICERS AND CONTACTS 2011 An International Journal President Published for the British Lichen Society S. D. Ward, Ph.D., 14 Green Road, Ballyvaughan, County Clare, Republic of Ireland Vice President Senior Editor B. P. Hilton, Ph.D., P.G.C.E., F.R.S.A., Beauregard, 5 Alscott Gardens, Alverdiscott, Barnstaple, P. D. CRITTENDEN (Nottingham, UK) Devon EX31 3PT Secretary Editors C. J. Ellis, Ph.D., Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Lothian EH3 5LR (email: [email protected]) A. F. BRAITHWAITE-Managing A. M. FRYDAY (East Lansing, USA) (Nottingham, UK) J. D. LAWREY (Fairfax, USA) Treasurer

BLACK R. P. BECKETT (Scottsville, RSA) R. LÜCKING (Chicago, USA) J. F. Skinner, 28 Parkanaur Avenue, Southend-on-Sea, Essex SS1 3HY I. M. BRODO (Ottawa, Ont., Canada) P. L. NIMIS (Trieste, Italy) Assistant Treasurer and Membership Secretary B. J. COPPINS (Edinburgh, UK) A. ORANGE (Cardiff, UK) H. Do¨ring, Ph.D., Mycology Section, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, P. DIEDERICH (Luxembourg) C. PRINTZEN (Frankfurt, Germany) (email: [email protected]) S. EKMAN (Uppsala, Sweden) M. WEDIN (Stockholm, Sweden) A. FLETCHER-Book Reviews S. WILL-WOLF (Madison, USA) Regional Treasurers (Leicester, UK) R. YAHR (Edinburgh, UK) J. W. Hinds, Ph.D., 254 Forest Avenue, Orono, Maine 04473-3202, USA (Americas) Senior Editor (Lichenologist) AIMS AND SCOPE P. D. Crittenden, Ph.D., School of Biology, The University of Nottingham, The Lichenologist publishes original research papers and review articles on all aspects of lichenology. There are no page charges for contributions. All papers are submitted to peer-review. University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS Editor (Bulletin) Manuscripts must be original, clearly and precisely presented in English and submitted electronically to The Lichenologist ScholarOne website http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/lich following the on-screen instructions. Please consult the Instructions for Authors published in the back of P. F. Cannon, Ph.D., CABI and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; postal address Royal Botanic Gardens, each issue and on journals.cambridge.org/lic Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB ADVERTISING Address enquiries in the USA, Mexico and Canada only to: [email protected] Conservation Officer For all other parts of the world except USA, Canada and Mexico to: [email protected] B. W. Edwards, Dorset Environmental Record Centre, Library Headquarters, Colliton Park, SUBSCRIPTIONS The Lichenologist (ISSN 0024-2829) is published six times a year (one volume per annum) in January, March, May, July, September and Dorchester, Dorset DT1 1XJ November. Volume 43 will appear in 2011. The 2011 subscription price (excluding VAT but including delivery by air where appropriate) of a volume, which includes print and electronic access to institutions, is £631 (US$1166 in USA, Canada and Mexico). The electronic-only price Mapping Recorder and Archivist available to institutional subscribers is £504 (US$924 in USA, Canada and Mexico). The print-only price available to institutional subscribers M. R. D. Seaward, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.I.Biol., Department of Environmental Science, is £562 (US$1043 in USA, Canada and Mexico). Single parts are £103 (US$190 in USA, Canada and Mexico) plus postage. EU subscribers (outside the UK) who are not registered for VAT should add VAT at their country’s rate. VAT registered members should provide their VAT The University, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP registration number. Orders, which must be accompanied by payment, may be sent to any bookseller, subscription agent or direct to the publisher: Cambridge Librarian University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK; or in the USA, Canada and Mexico: Cambridge R. G. Woods, B.Sc., Ty Mawr Mill, Llanfihangel Brynpabuan, Builth Wells, Powys LD2 3SH University Press, Journals Fulfillment Department, 100 Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, New York 10994-2133. Japanese prices for institutions (including ASP delivery) are available from Kinokuniya Company Ltd, P.O. Box 55, Chitose, Tokyo 156, Japan. Prices include delivery by air. Curator Periodicals postage paid in New York NY and additional mailing offices. R. K. Brinklow, B.Sc., Dundee Museums and Art Galleries, Albert Square, Postmaster: send address changes in USA, Canada and Mexico to: The Lichenologist, Cambridge University Press, 100 Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, New York 10994-2133. Dundee DD1 1DA Claims for a missing issue should be made immediately on receipt of the subsequent issue. Field Meetings Secretary COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSIONS This journal is registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Organizations in the USA S. G. Price, Woodlands, Combs Road, Combs, High Peak, Derbyshire SK23 9UP who are also registered with C.C.C. may therefore photocopy material (beyond the limits permitted by Section 107 and 108 of US Copyright

LICH: The Lichenologist 43/6 CVR INNERS LICH: law) subject to payment to C.C.C. of the per-copy fee of $16.00. This consent does not extend to multiple copying for promotional or Members of Council commercial purposes. Code 0024-2829/2011 $16.00. ISI Tear Sheet Service, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, is authorised to supply single photocopies of separate articles for private use only. Organizations authorised by the UK Copyright Licensing Agency G. Boswell A. J. Britton L. Davies D. L. Hawksworth A. Pentecost may also copy material subject to the usual conditions. For all other use, permission should be sought from Cambridge University Press. M. Powell M. J. Simms H. Thu¨s No part of this publication may otherwise be reproduced, stored or distributed by any means without permission in writing from Cambridge University Press. Membership of the British Lichen Society is open to all individuals (not institutions) anywhere in the Copyright © 2011 British Lichen Society world interested in any part of lichenology. Subscriptions, due on joining and afterwards on 1 January ELECTRONIC ACCESS This journal is included in the Cambridge Journals Online service which can be found at journals.cambridge.org. Further information on this and each year, are: ordinary members, £30; electronic members, £25; associate members, £22; senior other Cambridge University Press titles is available on the Cambridge University Press homepage at www.cambridge.org. associate members, £10; junior associate members, £5·00 (US dollar rates are double the sterling Cover photograph: Lobaria pulmonaria by David Genney. rates). Members receive the Bulletin of the British Lichen Society and issues of The Lichenologist Cambridge University Press published in the year they join, and afterwards while they remain members of the Society, free of charge. The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8RU, United Kingdom 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA Associate members do not receive The Lichenologist. Details of the membership, facilities and activities 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia of the Society and an application form may be found on the British Lichen Society web site at Ruiz de Alarco´n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.theBLS.org.uk or obtained from the Membership Secretary (address above). Printed in the United Kingdom by Henry Ling Limited, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, DT1 1HD

The Lichenologist Volume Part 6 Pages 43 501–648 LICHENOLOGIST THE Volume 43, Part 6, 2011

Volume 43 Part 6 November 2011

LUMBSCH, H. T., CRESPO, A. and Editorial 501 HAWKSWORTH, D. L. Articles The Lichenologist LÜCKING, R., SCHULZ, K., The Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) as a scientific resource and outreach CRESPO, A., NASH, T. H. and medium applied to the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota: Thematic issue: Parmeliaceae

K LUMBSCH, H. T. Lecanorales) 503 Y CRESPO, A., DIVAKAR, P. K. and Generic concepts in parmelioid lichens, and the phylogenetic M HAWKSWORTH, D. L. value of characters used in their circumscription 511 C

NELSEN, M. P., CHAVEZ, N., The cetrarioid core group revisited (Lecanorales: Parmeliaceae)537 SACKETT-HERMANN, E., THELL. A., RANDLANE, T., DIVAKAR, P. K., RICO, V. J. and LUMBSCH, H. T.

LUMBSCH, H. T. and WIRTZ, N. Phylogenetic relationships of the neuropogonoid core group in the genus Usnea (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae) 553

PAPONG, K., KANTVILAS, G. and Morphological and molecular evidence places Maronina into LUMBSCH, H. T. synonymy with Protoparmelia (Ascomycota: Lecanorales) 561

DEL-PRADO, R. DIVAKAR, P. K. Using genetic distances in addition to ITS molecular phylogeny to and CRESPO, A. identify potential species in the Parmotrema reticulatum complex: a case study 569

MOLINA, M. del C., DIVAKAR, P. K., Parmelia sulcata (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae), a sympatric MILLANES, A. M., SÁNCHEZ, E., monophyletic species complex 585 DEL-PRADO, R., HAWKSWORTH, D. L. and CRESPO, A.

NÚÑEZ-ZAPATA, J., DIVAKAR, P. K., Conundrums in species concepts: the discovery of a new cryptic DEL-PRADO, R., CUBAS, P., species segregated from Parmelina tiliacea (Ascomycota: HAWKSWORTH, D. L. and CRESPO, A. Parmeliaceae) 603

MYLLYS, L., VELMALA, S., Phylogeny of the genus Bryoria 617 HOLIEN, H., HALONEN, P.,

LICH: The Lichenologist 43/6 CVR LICH: WANG, L.-S. and GOWARD, T. Parmeliaceae HAWKSWORTH, D. L., DIVAKAR, P. K., The checklist of parmelioid and similar lichens in Europe CRESPO, A. and AHTI, T. and some adjacent territories: additions and corrections 639 Short Communication HAWKSWORTH, D. L. Parmotrema subgen. Crespoa subgen. nov. for the Canoparmelia crozalsiana clade 647

The Lichenologist, Vol. 43, Part 6 was published on 13 October 2011 Cambridge Journals Online For further information about this journal please go to the journal website at:

journals.cambridge.org/lic November 2011

ISSN 0024 2829