DOCSLIB.ORG

An Analysis of Canadian Right- Wing Extremism Online by Kayla Pres

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Analysis of Canadian Right- Wing Extremism Online by Kayla Pres Tradition and Authoritarianism as a Solution to Social Decay- An Analysis of Canadian Right- Wing Extremism Online by Kayla Preston Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia April 2020 © Copyright by Kayla Preston, 2020 Dedication To my wonderful cohort and friends. Thank you for the laughs and the fond memories. ii Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. v Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... vi List of Abbreviations Used ........................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Canadian Context ..................................................................................................................... 2 Extremism in the United States ............................................................................................... 4 Right-Wing Groups in This Study........................................................................................... 6 Gaps in Current Research........................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 2: Common Worlds and Whiteness Theory- Analyzing Online Content ..................... 10 Race and Right-Wing Extremism.......................................................................................... 10 Politics and Political Ideologies.............................................................................................. 11 The Internet ............................................................................................................................. 12 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................................... 14 Critical Whiteness Theory..................................................................................................... 14 Sociology of Critical Capacity .............................................................................................. 17 Limitations ............................................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 3: Analysis of Online Content ....................................................................................... 22 Benefits and Challenges to Online Research ........................................................................ 22 Data .......................................................................................................................................... 23 Data Collection ........................................................................................................................ 24 Data Analysis- Content Analysis ........................................................................................... 25 Variables and Strategies of Coding ....................................................................................... 26 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 29 Chapter 4: Findings: Claims about Canadian Identity, Belonging, and Politics ..................... 30 Overview of Canadian Identity is White .............................................................................. 32 Identity and Whiteness .......................................................................................................... 32 A Lack of Assimilation .......................................................................................................... 35 Overview of Equating Canadian Values to Traditional Values ......................................... 37 Canadian Values ................................................................................................................... 37 Queerness and the Authority of the Parent ........................................................................... 39 The Media ............................................................................................................................. 42 Overview of Social Decay ....................................................................................................... 45 Increase in Crime .................................................................................................................. 46 iii Increase in Illegal Immigration ............................................................................................ 47 Overview of Implementation of Authoritarian Governments ............................................ 50 Distrust of Governmental Institutions ................................................................................... 50 Vilification of the Liberal Party ............................................................................................ 53 Valorization of Right-Wing Governments ............................................................................. 54 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 57 Chapter 5: Using Mundane Language to Make Key Claims ..................................................... 59 Connection to the Bigger Story .............................................................................................. 60 Canadian identity .................................................................................................................. 60 Canadian Values are Traditional Values ............................................................................. 63 Social Decay ......................................................................................................................... 65 Authoritarian Government .................................................................................................... 67 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 69 Chapter 6: Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 70 Study Contributions................................................................................................................ 70 Studying Right-Wing Extremism in Canada ......................................................................... 70 Studying Extremism Online ................................................................................................... 71 Extremist Groups and Mundane Language .......................................................................... 73 Relevance ................................................................................................................................. 74 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 75 References .................................................................................................................................... 77 Appendix 1- Initial Observation Keywords ................................................................................. 92 Appendix 2- Number of Posts Coded in Each Theme ................................................................ 93 Appendix 3- Hierarchal Coding Structure .................................................................................. 94 iv List of Figures Figure 1 Example of Coding ......................................................................................................... 28 Figure 2 “About” Tab from ID Canada Webpage ........................................................................ 32 Figure 3 "White Guilt" Poster from ID Canada ............................................................................ 34 Figure 4 "Break the Shackles of White Guilt" Tab from ID Canada Webpage............................ 34 Figure 5 Yellow Vests Canada Post#74........................................................................................ 36 Figure 6 "Resource Competition" ID Canada Website ................................................................. 36 Figure 7 Soldiers of Odin-BC Information Poster ........................................................................ 38 Figure 8 "ID Canada's Role" from ID Canada's Webpage ........................................................... 39 Figure 9 Soldiers of Odin-BC Post#16 ......................................................................................... 40 Figure 10 Soldiers of Odin-BC Post#83 ....................................................................................... 41 Figure 11 Soldiers of Odin-BC Post#52 ....................................................................................... 42 Figure 12 Soldiers of Odin-BC Post#77 ....................................................................................... 43 Figure 13 Yellow Vests Canada Post#72.....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Fringe Insurgency Connectivity, Convergence and Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right
    The Fringe Insurgency Connectivity, Convergence and Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right Jacob Davey Julia Ebner About this paper About the authors This report maps the ecosystem of the burgeoning Jacob Davey is a Researcher and Project Coordinator at ‘new’ extreme right across Europe and the US, which is the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD), overseeing the characterised by its international outlook, technological development and delivery of a range of online counter- sophistication, and overtures to groups outside of the extremism initiatives. His research interests include the traditional recruitment pool for the extreme-right. This role of communications technologies in intercommunal movement is marked by its opportunistic pragmatism, conflict, the use of internet culture in information seeing movements which hold seemingly contradictory operations, and the extreme-right globally. He has ideologies share a bed for the sake of achieving provided commentary on the extreme right in a range common goals. It examines points of connectivity of media sources including The Guardian, The New York and collaboration between disparate groups and Times and the BBC. assesses the interplay between different extreme-right movements, key influencers and subcultures both Julia Ebner is a Research Fellow at the Institute for online and offline. Strategic Dialogue (ISD) and author of The Rage: The Vicious Circle of Islamist and Far-Right Extremism. Her research focuses on extreme right-wing mobilisation strategies, cumulative extremism and European terrorism prevention initiatives. She advises policy makers and tech industry leaders, regularly writes for The Guardian and The Independent and provides commentary on broadcast media, including the BBC and CNN. © ISD, 2017 London Washington DC Beirut Toronto This material is offered free of charge for personal and non-commercial use, provided the source is acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of BELGRADE FACULTY of POLITICAL SCIENCES Regional Master’S Program in Peace Studies
    UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCES Regional Master’s Program in Peace Studies Master’s Thesis Understanding the rise and the internationalisation of online alt-right’s subculture: how memes are changing political culture worldwide Author: Anesa Omeragić 515/16 Mentor: Professor Marina Simić Belgrade, September 2019 1 Abstract and keywords This paper examines the creation and the development of alt-right subculture, their language and behaviour. Alt-right was mainstreamed in 2016, and it is growing fast in the post-truth environment. Alt-right fights with stigmatisation that usually far-right movement face with the ironic and subtler language, rejection of the political correctness and use of jokes, sarcastic and nihilist approach and dark humour memes to spread their ideology. Alt-right members seem young, smart and exciting. They are gathering in board-based websites and/or forums that have little or no freedom of speech control. Lack of regulation and anonymity give them the opportunity to say what they mean, to spread the message and radicalise more. Alt-right online subculture was somewhat connected with rising of white supremacy’s violence globally in the past couple of years. Alt-right online subculture was especially compared with the four mass shootings or attempted mass shootings in the past six months – In Australia, Norway and the US. There is a danger that this trend of rising alt-right violence will continue. The public is not very- well informed about the alt-right community and its language, and it is essential to educate, especially youth, because of the danger of radicalisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Deplatforming Misogyny
    Copyright © 2021 Women’s Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF) Published by Women’s Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF) 180 Dundas Street West, Suite 1420 Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1C7 www.leaf.ca LEAF is a national, charitable, non-profit organization, founded in 1985. LEAF works to advance the substantive equality rights of women and girls in Canada through litigation, law reform and public education using the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This publication was created as part of LEAF's Technology-Facilitated Violence (TFV) Project. The TFV Project brings together feminist lawyers and academics to conduct research and produce publications imagining legal responses to TFV against women and gender-diverse people that are informed by equality principles. The project also supports and informs LEAF’s law reform efforts and potential upcoming interventions concerning TFV. Acknowledgements Deep gratitude and appreciation go to the many people whose efforts and support made this publication possible. This report was researched and written by Cynthia Khoo, a technology and human rights lawyer and researcher. Cynthia holds an LL.M. (Concentration in Law and Technology) from the University of Ottawa, where she worked on cases as junior counsel at the Samuelson-Glushko Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic (CIPPIC). Her paper on platform liability for emergent systemic harm to historically marginalized groups received the inaugural Ian R. Kerr Robotnik Memorial Award for the Best Paper by an Emerging Scholar at We Robot 2020. She has managed a sole practice law firm, Tekhnos Law, and obtained her J.D. from the University of Victoria.
    [Show full text]
  • Unity in Diversity? Neoconservative Multiculturalism and the Conservative Party of Canada
    Unity in Diversity? Neoconservative Multiculturalism and the Conservative Party of Canada John Carlaw Working Paper No. 2021/1 January 2021 The Working Papers Series is produced jointly by the Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement (RCIS) and the CERC in Migration and Integration www.ryerson.ca/rcis www.ryerson.ca/cerc-migration Working Paper No. 2021/1 Unity in Diversity? Neoconservative Multiculturalism and the Conservative Party of Canada John Carlaw Ryerson University Series Editors: Anna Triandafyllidou and Usha George The Working Papers Series is produced jointly by the Ryerson Centre for Immigration and Settlement (RCIS) and the CERC in Migration and Integration at Ryerson University. Working Papers present scholarly research of all disciplines on issues related to immigration and settlement. The purpose is to stimulate discussion and collect feedback. The views expressed by the author(s) do not necessarily reflect those of the RCIS or the CERC. For further information, visit www.ryerson.ca/rcis and www.ryerson.ca/cerc-migration. ISSN: 1929-9915 Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Canada License J. Carlaw Abstract Canada’s Conservative Party and former government’s (2006-2015) attempts to define and at times shift Canadian identity and notions of citizenship, immigration and multiculturalism to the right have been part of a significant political project featuring a uniquely creative and Canadian form of authoritarian populist politics in these realms. Their 2006 minority and 2011 majority election victories represented the culmination of a long march to power begun with the 1987 founding of the Reform Party of Canada. While they have at times purged themselves of some of the most blatant, anti-immigration elements of the discourses of their predecessor parties, continuities in its Canadian brand of authoritarian populist politics have continued in new forms since the founding of the new Conservative Party in 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Reference
    CITATION: Levant v. Demelle, 2021 ONSC 1074 COURT FILE NO.: CV-19-631995-0000 DATE: 20210216 ONTARIO SUPERIOR COURT OF JUSTICE BETWEEN: ) ) EZRA LEVANT and REBEL NEWS ) A. Irvin Schein and Samantha Schreiber, NETWORK LTD. ) lawyers for the plaintiff ) Plaintiff ) ) – and – ) ) BRENDAN DEMELLE and THE NARWHAL ) M. Philip Tunley and Jennifer P. Saville, NEWS SOCIETY ) lawyers for the defendant Brendan Demelle ) Defendants ) ) HEARD: February 3, 2021 REASONS FOR DECISION DIAMOND J.: Overview [1] In early December 2019, the plaintiffs Rebel News Network Ltd. (“Rebel”) and its founder Ezra Levant (“Levant”) commenced this simplified procedure action against the defendants Brendan Demelle (“Demelle”) and The Narwhal News Society (“Narwhal”) seeking damages for defamation in the amount of $70,000.00, plus punitive and exemplary damages in the amount of $20,000.00. [2] The plaintiffs’ cause of action arises out of an allegedly defamatory statement contained in an article entitled “Right Wing Attacks on Greta Thunberg: How Low Can They Go? Canada’s Extremist Network ‘The Rebel’ Tries for the Prize” written and published by Demelle on his website www.desmogblog.com on October 19, 2019. The plaintiffs allege that within the said article, Demelle published a defamatory statement (described in greater detail hereinafter). [3] After defending Rebel’s Statement of Claim, Demelle now brings a motion pursuant to section 137.1(3) of the Courts of Justice Act, R.S.O. 1990 c. C43 (“CJA”) for an order dismissing this action as being a strategic lawsuit against public participation (“SLAPP”). Page: 2 [4] Demelle’s motion was argued before me via video conference on February 3, 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Hate Beyond Borders: the Internationalization of White Supremacy
    Hate Beyond Borders: The Internationalization of White Supremacy Sections 1 Executive Summary 7 Conferences and Events 2 Introduction 8 Connections to Far-Right Political Parties 3 Summary of Country-Specific Ties Between 9 Additional White Supremacist Interaction European and American White Supremacists 10 Conclusion 4 European Influencers 11 Policy Recommendations 5 American Influencers 12 Footnotes 6 Canadian Influencers 13 Partner and Donor Recognition EXECUTIVE SUMMARY We are witnessing the internationalization of the white supremacist movement. Over the past decade, we have seen surging violence in the United States, Europe and beyond motivated by elements of white supremacy from Anders Breivik in Norway to Brenton Tarrant in New Zealand to Patrick Crusius in El Paso, Texas. These killers influence and inspire one another. European and American adherents are learning from each other, supporting each other and reaching new audiences. They feel empowered and emboldened because they perceive that they are influencing the political climate and reaching disaffected whites. 1 / 75 Global access to white supremacist ideology, and its easy dissemination across borders via various social media platforms, means many of the ideas promoted by the white supremacist movement — curtailing of non-white immigration, attacks on globalization and the accompanying conspiracies about elitist globalists — are increasingly part of mainstream political and social rhetoric. Exposing and understanding the connections among white supremacists and the paths by which they spread their hate are the first steps toward countering them. This report lays that groundwork, but continued vigilance and urgent action are necessary. Political leaders, law enforcement, social media companies, and educators have important roles to play and responsibilities to uphold.
    [Show full text]
  • Fuel and Faith: a Spiritual Geography of Fossil Fuels in Western Canada
    Fuel and Faith: a spiritual geography of fossil fuels in Western Canada by Darren Fleet M.J., University of British Columbia, 2011 B.A., Simon Fraser University, 2005 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Communication Faculty of Communication, Art and Technology © Darren Fleet 2021 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2021 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Declaration of Committee Name Darren Fleet Degree Doctor of Philosophy Title Fuel and Faith: a spiritual geography of fossil fuels in Western Canada Committee Chair: Siyuan Yin Assistant Professor, Communication Shane Gunster Supervisor Associate Professor, Communication Enda Brophy Committee Member Associate Professor, Communication Stephen Collis Committee Member Professor, English Am Johal Examiner Director, Vancity Office of Community Engagement Imre Szeman External Examiner Professor, Communication Arts University of Waterloo ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract With the acceleration of climate change, Canada's commitment to action on carbon emissions faces several vital contradictions. These tensions have economic, social, and communicative dimensions. This research seeks to investigate some of these manifestations by looking at how energy is understood and articulated through the lens of faith. Unique to the Canadian cultural/petrol landscape is that the physical geography of extraction
    [Show full text]
  • Communication from Evan Balgord
    EA2.1.4 To the Members of the Compliance Audit Committee, Thank you for hearing our application for an audit of the campaign finances of Faith Goldy. I am a personal applicant in this matter, but do so in connection with my role as Executive Director of the Canadian Anti-Hate Network. I regret that I have a prior commitment that requires me to be out of the province on April 29th and unable to address the committee in person. In my stead, my colleague, Bernie Farber will be in attendance, along with recently retained legal counsel, Jack Siegel, of Blaney McMurtry LLP. Ms. Goldy’s intention to violate the fundraising provisions contained in the Municipal Elections Act, 1996 is apparent from her own words, contained in an online video solicitation that she herself has published, where she may be heard to clearly say, “I’m accepting donations from defenders of democracy WORLDWIDE.” See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ip1qIfFgeOU In another video she has further acknowledged that “We gathered over $50,000 through my political campaign in order to have this case heard,” thereby confirming that campaign finances were used to pay for her failed lawsuit. See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXVnznVa88A&t=541s (at 9:15 of video) Under S. 88.8 (3): “Who may contribute (3) Only the following persons may make contributions: 1. An individual who is normally resident in Ontario.” Under S. 88.9 (1): “Maximum contributions to candidates 88.9 (1) A contributor shall not make contributions exceeding a total of $1,200 to any one candidate in an election.
    [Show full text]
  • New Technologies but Old Methods in Terrorism Financing Jessica Davis
    EUROPEAN UNION European Structural and Investment Fund EUROPEAN UNION European Structural and Investment Fund This project was funded by the European Union’s Internal Security Fund – Police New Technologies but Old Methods in Terrorism Financing Jessica Davis Research Briefing No. 2 About Project CRAAFT Project CRAAFT is an academic research and community-building initiative designed to build stronger, more coordinated counterterrorist financing capacity across the EU and in its neighbourhood. Project CRAAFT is funded by the European Union’s Internal Security Fund – Police, and implemented by a Consortium led by RUSI Europe, along with the University of Amsterdam, Bratislava-based think tank GLOBSEC and the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT), based in The Hague. For more information, visit projectcraaft.eu. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author, and do not reflect the views of RUSI or any other institution. This publication was funded by the European Union’s Internal Security Fund — Police. The content of this publication represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains. Published in 2020 by the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – No-Derivatives 4.0 International Licence. For more information, see <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/4.0/>. Briefing No. 2: New Technologies in Terrorism Financing Davis errorists are adaptive: they update their tactics Terrorists likely purchase weapons and components online and techniques by adopting new weapons systems, out of convenience, but also to reduce their interaction Tcommunication and surveillance technologies with members of the public, limiting the possibility that a and organisational structures.
    [Show full text]
  • This Report Will Investigate How, Rebel Media Has Grown in a Market for Far-Right Audiences and Come to Dominate It
    Copyright © 2019 Faith Matters London, United Kingdom All rights reserved For further information please contact Faith Matters +44 (0) 2027 935 5593 [email protected] Research by: Rabbil Sikdar Rebel Media Table of Contents Introduction……..…………………………………………………………….…1 Who are they? ...........................................................................................1 Who is their founder? ………………………………………………………….2 What are their aims and who are their targeted market?....................4 White Nationalism ……………………..………………………..……..5 Political Correctness …………………..………………………..……..7 Islam ……………………………...…………………………………..…..9 Key figures associated with Rebel Media .……………………………….11 Lauren Southern …………………….………………………….……..11 Katie Hopkins ………………………..…………………..…………….12 Tommy Robinson ………………………………………..…………….15 Faith Goldy ……………………………,..……………..………………18 How are they funded? ……………………………………..………………..21 How much of a risk to social cohesion are Rebel Media? …….……..23 Introduction We live in a world of fake news and conspiracies where the proliferation of alternative news sites has given oxygen to extreme views. Far-right views regarding groups such as Muslims, immigrants and refugees hold little regard for nuanced, objective reporting but instead exploit fear through sensationalist content. This has particularly been an issue facing Muslims in western societies who have often found news sites stoking prejudice and suspicion towards them with deeply inflammatory and misleading headlines. With the success of Donald Trump and Brexit, it is clear
    [Show full text]
  • Here Has Been a Marked Uptick in White Nationalist Activity in the National Sphere
    FFRROOMM SSTTUUDDEENNTT PPOOLLIITTIICCSS TTOO CCAAPPIITTOOLL IINNSSUURRRREECCTTIIOONN THE INTENSIFICATION OF EXTREMISM AT UCLA AND BEYOND From Student Politics to Capitol Insurrection: The Intensification of Extremism at UCLA and Beyond Grace Johnston-Glick and James Nee (National); Lacy Green and Gavin Quan (State); Brandon Broukhim and Talla Khelghati (UCLA) Edited by Erin Onarecker With support from David N. Myers, Maia Ferdman, and Ann Major March 2021 This report is a follow-up to the UCLA Luskin Center for History and Policy report from November 2019 All is Not Well in the Golden State: The Scourge of White Nationalism in Southern California Preface In June 2020, the Luskin Center for History and Policy released a report “All is Not Well in the Golden State: The Scourge of White Nationalism in Southern California.” Produced by a team of undergraduate researchers from UCLA, the report provided extensive background to and mapping of the rise of extreme white nationalist activity in the region and state. Since the release of that report, there has been a marked uptick in white nationalist activity in the national sphere. The tumultuous final month of the Trump presidency, especially prompted by the false claim of a stolen election and culminating in the January 6 Capitol assault, pushed from the margins to the center of public attention a loose coalition of far-right actors, often motivated by conspiracy theories such as QAnon, some of whom are intent on violent insurrection. The highly polarized political climate—and even extremist expressions—have now made their way to college campuses in the United States, including to UCLA.
    [Show full text]
  • Rising Tide of White Supremacy in Canada January 2019
    Rising Tide of White Supremacy in Canada January 2019 1 Rising Tide of White Supremacy in Canada Abstract White Supremacy activism and rhetoric have long been found in Canada. A rampant resurgence of the ideology can be seen in Canada. A historic and modern-day overview of White Supremacy is presented herein. 2 Introduction On Saturday morning, October 27th, 2018, Jewish worshippers attended services at the Tree of Life synagogue located in a historically Jewish suburb of Pittsburgh. A white supremacist named Robert Bowers walked into the synagogue carrying his AR-15 semi- automatic rifle coupled with three handguns. He screamed “All Jews must die,” - murdering 11 people; their ages ranging from 54-97. On the heels of this heinous Pittsburgh incident, it becomes exceedingly important that we, as a community, collectively re-assess and evaluate the implications of the white supremacist movement in Canada. Right-wing extremist ideology and white nationalism is on the rise in Canada. Many perceive this to be a relatively new phenomenon, but truth be known, white supremacists and their alt- right modern day alter-egos have been active for decades. The concept of white racism is not new-fangled and fresh. The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) traces far-right violence back to race riots in Nova Scotia in the 1780s, racial segregation in Ontario schools in the 1840s and violence against Chinese and Japanese immigrants at the turn of the 20th century, not to mention generations of discrimination against Indigenous peoples. (Boutilier, 2018) Canada’s right-wing extremist movement is a motley crew of white supremacists, anti- government “sovereigntists” and pro-militia crusaders who, despite being disorganized and prone to booze-fuelled in-fighting, are more extensive and more active than most people think.
    [Show full text]