Edward P. Dozier: A history of Native- American discourse in anthropology. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Norcini, Marilyn Jane. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 19:56:29 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187248 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript ,has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. 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Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI4S1Q6-1346 USA 3131761-4700 800:521-0600 EDWARD P. DOZIER: A HISTORY OF NATIVE AMERICAN DISCOURSE IN ANTHROPOLOGY by Marilyn Jane Norcini Copyright © Marilyn Jane Norcini 1995 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1995 OMI Number: 9603698 Copyright 1995 by Norcini, Marilyn Jane A11 rights reserved. OMI Microform 9603698 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company. All rights reserved. This ~icroform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2 GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Mari 1 ~m Tane Nord ni entitled Edward P. Dozier: A History of Natjye Amer1can Discourse in Anthropology and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ('.~ /1 '? 2~¥~1~~ Richard N. Henderson uJ~.+~ Richard I. Ford Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ( / . ( . ({ '-!,. / '.~ Dissertation Director .-oDate Ellen B. Basso 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My primary gratitude is to Mrs. Marianne Dozier as literary heir of the Edward P. Dozier Papers who granted me permission to extensively quote from the archival manuscript collection in the process of writing this dissertation. I also extend my thanks to the Dozier family and relatives and fifty individuals who were interviewed for this project. In the Pueblo manner of not specifying a tribal person by name, I thank them all within their respective cultural and academic communities for sharing their experiences and interpretations of Dozier as a Native American anthropologist. To my anthropology professors at the University of Arizona, I am grateful to Ellen B. Basso for pivotal classes on Anthropology and History and Writing Culture and for the use her faculty office and library to write this paper. I appreciate Richard Henderson's suggestions on my writing style. For guidance on my Master's thesis concerning Dozier's formative career, I thank James e. Officer who chaired committee and Raymond H. Thompson who served on the committee. To Richard I. Ford at the University of Michigan, I appreciate his constant support and close reading of the dissertation and related papers. At the Arizona State Museum, I am indebted to Raymond H. Thompson, the Director of the Arizona State Museum, for his support of this research project and his biographical insights into the history of Southwestern anthropology. I thank R. Gwinn Vivian, former Associate Director, for years of confidence in my abilities and his leadership on the state survey of Tribal Museums we conducted under a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. In the Library, I was well assisted by Mary Graham and her staff. In the Collections Division, I thank Jan Bell, Claudine Schoville, Jeanne Armstrong, Alan Ferg, and Kathy Hubenschmidt for their research assistance with the Edward P. Dozier Papers and related museum collections. I acknowledge the following people who read drafts of my dissertation: Louis A. Hieb, Gordon Krutz, Charles H. Lange, Patricia Fogelman Lange, Willem de Reuse, Emory Sekaquaptewa, and Ophelia Zepata. My research was funded by the University of Arizona Graduate Student Research Fund, the Department of Anthropology Summer Research Grants, and the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. 5 DEDICATION For Edward Dozier's children - Wanda, Migue, and Anya 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................. 10 1. INTRODUCTION......................................... 12 A discourse-centered approach to history . .. 12 Defining an indigenous anthropologist . .. 20 Problematizing indigenous discourse ......................... 25 Biography and History .................................... 28 Social relations in anthropology ............................. 32 Dozier's indigenous discourse . 36 2. BORDER CROSSINGS: FAMILY HERITAGE AND EARLY DISCOURSE ................... , ......................... 41 Language, letters, and literature ................. .. 41 Dozier family upbringing .................................. 47 T.S. Dozier's ethnographic realism ........................... 52 Dozier's early anthropological discourse ....................... 63 Speaking Tewa ......................................... 67 Congressional hearings: legislative and tribal discourse . 70 3. LEGACY OF THE BOASIAN TRADmON ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIVE AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGY ..... 77 Franz Boas and native texts ................................ 81 Edward Sapir and Native American linguistic assistants .............................................. 90 Dozier's link to Boasian anthropology . 98 Chamorro study on Saipan ................................ 105 Dozier's Master's thesis: "A Tentative Description and Classification of Tewa Verb Structure" ....................................... 106 Doctoral program at University of California, Los Angeles ......................................... 111 4. PUEBLO KNOWLEDGE AND PUEBLO DISCOURSE ........... 117 Pueblo values ......................................... 117 Tewa self .......................................... 117 Outsiders as cultural categories .......................... 120 Person, knowledge, and authority . .. 123 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Secrecy as a method of cultural preseIVation ....................................... 127 Engendered knowledge in Pueblo society ................... 134 Cultural truths ...................................... 138 Local responses to Hill's ethnography of Santa Clara Pueblo as "The Book" .. .. 140 Dozier's discourse in relation to Pueblo values. .. 143 Tewa self .......................................... 143 Insider/Outsider relations ............................... 145 5. BECOMING AN INDIGENOUS ANTHROPOLOGIST AT TEWA VILLAGE ................................................ 155 Indigenous field relations . .... 156 Fieldnotes ............................................ 174 Clans and kivas ........................................ 180 Dozier's ethnography: The Hopi-Tewa of Arizona. .. 185 6. DISCOURSE ON THE "OTHER" - THE PHILIPPINE KALINGA . .. 192 The final rite of passage .................................. 192 Effects of mentorship and comparative method on research .......................................... 198 Field experiences . .. 207 Dozier's ethnography: Mountain Arbiters: The Changing Life of a PhiHppine Hill People ................. 218 7. NATIVE AMERICAN DISCOURSE IN THE ACADEMY ......... 222 Native American generational histories . .