General Assembly Distr.: General 20 March 2008
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Multilateral Peace Operations and the Challenges of Organized Crime
SIPRI Background Paper February 2018 MULTILATERAL PEACE PROJECT SUMMARY w The New Geopolitics of Peace OPERATIONS AND THE Operations III: Non‑traditional Security Challenges initiative CHALLENGES OF was launched with support from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, co‑sponsored ORGANIZED CRIME by Ethiopia, and in continued partnership with the Friedrich‑ jaÏr van der lijn Ebert‑Stiftung (FES). This phase of the initiative seeks to enhance understanding I. Introduction about peace operations and non‑traditional security Multilateral peace operations are increasingly confronting a set of challenges such as terrorism interrelated and mutually reinforcing security challenges that are relatively and violent extremism, new to them, that do not respect borders, and that have causes and effects irregular migration, piracy, which cut right across the international security, peacebuilding and organized crime and environmental degradation. It development agendas.1 Organized crime provides one of the most prominent aims to identify the various examples of these ‘non-traditional’ security challenges.2 perceptions, positions and There are many different definitions of organized crime depending on the interests of the relevant context, sector and organization. The United Nations Convention against stakeholders, as well as to Transnational Organized Crime defines an ‘organized criminal group’ as stimulate open dialogue, ‘a structured group of three or more persons, existing for a period of time cooperation and mutual and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes understanding by engaging key or offences . in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other stakeholders and mapping the material benefit’.3 However, this definition is not unchallenged. -
Un Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Ocha)
OCTOBER 2005 UN OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA) TABLE OF CONTENTS NUMBERS................................................................................................................ 1 A............................................................................................................................. 2 B ........................................................................................................................... 13 C........................................................................................................................... 16 D........................................................................................................................... 28 E ........................................................................................................................... 32 F ........................................................................................................................... 36 G .......................................................................................................................... 40 H........................................................................................................................... 43 I ............................................................................................................................ 47 J............................................................................................................................ 54 K .......................................................................................................................... -
Index and Abbreviations DIPLOMATIC BLUEBOOK 2005
Index and Abbreviations DIPLOMATIC BLUEBOOK 2005 Index <Notes> 1. This index is comprised of terms that can be found in the main text (including charts), columns, and topics. 2. The figures indicate the page numbers on which references to the terms appear. Italicized figures denote terms that appear in the charts, columns or topics. Numbers 13, 15, 18, 19, 34, 42, 43, 45, 46, 49, 50, 52, 54, 56, 57, 150th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic rela- 58, 59, 60, 63, 73, 137, 139, 139, 140, 157, 159, 162, tions between the two countries [Japan and Russia]: 167, 168, 169, 170, 177, 184, 187, 201, 218, 253 87, 91 ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): 5, 18, 56, 138, 140, 142 1993 Tokyo Declaration: 88 B 386 generation: 32 3R: 9, 172, 174, 185, 187 barrier: 104 3rd Africa-Asia Business Forum: 118, 121 Bills Concerning Responses to Armed Attack Situations: 4th plenary session of the 16th Central Committee: 38 218 9/11 Commission: 66 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC): 153, 156, 157 biometrics: 239 A Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): 63, 65, 70 abduction: 47, 98, 235, 237, 239 Broader Middle East and North Africa Initiative: 114, 115, abduction and murder of a Japanese national: 235 116 abduction cases involving Japanese nationals [in Iraq]: 239 Byrd Amendment: 65, 166 abduction issue: 3, 11, 21, 24, 26, 69, 191, 192 C Abu Dhabi Meeting: 13, 100 Action Plan for Prevention of Terrorism: 140 Central Asia Plus Japan: 14, 87, 93 Additional Protocol: 8, 111, 133, 133, 153, 155, 218 Central Asian Cooperation Organization (CACO): 92, 93 Additional -
General Assembly Distr.: General 14 December 2017
United Nations A/72/649 General Assembly Distr.: General 14 December 2017 Original: English Seventy-second session Agenda item 149 Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations Updated financial position of closed peacekeeping missions as at 30 June 2017 Report of the Secretary-General Summary The present report provides information on the financial position of 29 closed peacekeeping missions as at 30 June 2017. Of those missions, five had net cash deficits in the total amount of $86.0 million (in comparison with $86.1 million as at 30 June 2016) as a result of outstanding payments of assessed contributions from Member States. The remaining 24 closed peacekeeping missions had net cash surpluses available for credit to Member States totalling $85.3 million (in comparison with $67.7 million as at 30 June 2016). 17-22541 (E) 281217 *1722541* A/72/649 Abbreviations MINUGUA United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala MINURCA United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic MINURCAT United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara MIPONUH United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti MONUA United Nations Observer Mission in Angola MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ONUB United Nations Operation in Burundi ONUCA United Nations Observer Group in Central America ONUMOZ United Nations Operation in Mozambique ONUSAL United Nations Observer -
UNITED NATIONS MEDALS Page
17 May 2019 CHAPTER 5 UNITED NATIONS MEDALS Page 03 United Nations Service Medal – Korea 05 General Information UN Medals 07 UN Emergency Force (Egypt) UNEF 08 UN Truce Supervision Organization in Palestine UNTSO 09 UN Observer Group in Lebanon UNOGIL 10 UN Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan UNGOMAP 11 Office of the Secretary-General in Afgh. & Pakistan OSGAP 12 UN Military Observation Group in India and Pakistan UNMOGIP 13 Organisations des Nations Unies au Congo ONUC 14 UN Temporary Executive Authority in West New Guinea UNTEA 15 UN Yemen Observation Mission UNYOM 16 UN Force in Cyprus UNFICYP 18 UN India Pakistan Observation Mission UNIPOM 19 UN Emergency Force Middle East UNEFME 20 UN Disengagement Observer Force (Golan Heights) UNDOF 21 UN Interim Force in Lebanon UNIFIL 22 UN Iran / Iraq Military Observer Group UNIIMOG 23 UN Transition Assistance Group in Namibia UNTAG 24 UN Observer Group in Central America ONUCA 25 UN Iraq / Kuwait Observer Mission UNIKOM 26 UN Angola Verification Mission II UNAVEM 27 UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara MINURSO 28 UN Observer Group in El Salvador ONUSAL 29 UN Protection Force (former Yugoslavia) UNPROFOR 32 UN Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia UNCRO 33 UN Advanced Mission in Cambodia UNAMIC 34 UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia UNTAC 35 UN Operations in Somalia UNOSOM 36 UN Operations in Mozambique ONUMOZ 37 UN Observer Mission Uganda / Rwanda UNOMUR 38 UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda UNAMIR 39 UN Observer Group for the Verification of the Elections in Haiti -
UNEP Report on "Greening the Blue Helmets"
Greening the Blue Helmets Environment, Natural Resources and UN Peacekeeping Operations United Nations Environment Programme About UNEP’s Disasters and Conflicts Programme The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) seeks to minimize threats to human well-being from the environmental causes and consequences of conflicts and disasters. Through its Disasters and Conflicts programme, it conducts field based environmental assessments and strengthens national environmental and resource management capacity in countries affected by conflicts and disasters. Since 1999, UNEP has operated in more than 35 countries and published over 20 environmental assessment reports. Based on this expertise, UNEP is providing technical assistance to a number of UN and international actors, including the Peacebuilding Support Office (PBSO), the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), the Department of Field Support (DFS), the UN Development Programme (UNDP) and the European Commission, in assessing the role of natural resources and the environment in conflict and peacebuilding. The main objective of this technical cooperation is to help member states identify conflict risks and peacebuilding opportunities from natural resources and the environment. The aim is to promote the use of natural resources in ways that create jobs, sustain livelihoods and contribute to economic recovery and reconciliation while avoiding new forms of grievances or major environmental degradation. About this report This report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how peacekeeping operations affect and are affected by natural resources and environmental conditions. The report is divided into two main parts. Part 1 reviews the environmental management of peacekeeping operations and showcases good practices, technologies and behaviours that have already been adopted. -
The Efficacy of Peacekeeping 1
BABCOCK: THE EFFICACY OF PEACEKEEPING 79 The Efficacy of Peacekeeping 1 Sandy Babcock Director General Operational Research Department of National Defence, Canada Canadian Forces Experimentation Centre National Defence Headquarters Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sandy Babcock is pursuing his Ph.D. in history at Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. His doctoral thesis relates to the impact of professionalism on the Royal Canadian Air Force, 1945-1964. He recently retired from the Canadian Forces after a 29-year career and began a second career conducting operational research for the Canadian Department of National Defence. His current employment is with the Canadian Forces Experimentation Centre, where he is the acting team leader responsible for the identification and development of future concepts. ABSTRACT This study seeks to assess the efficacy of United Nations peacekeeping missions. Using qualitative analysis to categorize these missions as successful, partially successful or unsuccessful, the location, timing, duration, size, interstate versus intrastate peacekeeping, and peacekeeper density of missions are then examined against the level of success encountered. The results of this study suggest that some of these factors do provide limited indications of the chances for mission success. INTRODUCTION For more than 50 years, United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions have been one of the cornerstones of international efforts to restore or support governance and stability. Since -
UN Peacekeeping List of Operations
LIST OF PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS 1948 - 2017 ACRONYM MISSION NAME START DATE END DATE UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization May 1948 Present UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan January 1949 Present UNEF I First United Nations Emergency Force November 1956 June 1967 UNOGIL United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon June 1958 December 1958 ONUC United Nations Operation in the Congo July 1960 June 1964 UNSF United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea October 1962 April 1963 UNYOM United Nations Yemen Observation Mission July 1963 September 1964 UNFICYP United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus March 1964 Present Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the DOMREP May 1965 October 1966 Dominican Republic UNIPOM United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission September 1965 March 1966 UNEF II Second United Nations Emergency Force October 1973 July 1979 UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force June 1974 Present UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon March 1978 Present UNGOMAP United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan May 1988 March 1990 UNIIMOG United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group August 1988 February 1991 UNAVEM I United Nations Angola Verification Mission I January 1989 June 1991 UNTAG United Nations Transition Assistance Group April 1989 March 1990 ONUCA United Nations Observer Group in Central America November 1989 January 1992 UNIKOM United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission April 1991 October 2003 MINURSO United -
Guía Académica
GUÍA ACADÉMICA 1 Security Council 3 ÍNDICE 1. Presentation letters. 2. About the committee. 3. About the Agenda. 3.1. Topic A. 3.2. Topic B. 4. Glossary. 5. Refferences 4 WELCOMING LETTER SECRETARY-GENERAL AND UNDER SECRETARY-GENERAL OF MONUA 2020 Delegates, From the Office of the Secretary-General, it is with great plea- sure that we welcome you to the ninth version of the Modelo de Naciones Unidas de la Universidad de los Andes. My name is Jordi Enrique Buitrago Soetendal. I am a fourth- year Law student with a minor in International Studies at the Universidad de los Andes. For MONUA 2020, I have the honour of accomplishing the biggest dream of my MUN career: serv- ing as Secretary-General of MONUA. I have been participating in MUN conferences for the last eight years, and MONUA 2020 is with no doubt the most complex and exciting challenge I have faced during all these years. Besides MUN, I am passion- ate about my career, particularly for Criminal Law, as well as football and literature. On my behalf, I am Santiago Paz Ramos, a fourth-year Eco- nomics major with minors in International Relations and Law. In this edition, I have the huge honor to continue building dreams by your side, by serving as Undersecretary-General for MONUA 2020. I have been participating in these conferences for the past 7 years now, and each day I learn something new, meet one-of-a-kind people, and surpass the barriers of what I think I am capable of. Personally, aside from being deeply passionate about these conferences, I am profoundly inter- ested in Political Economy, Macroeconometrics and music. -
United Nations Peace Operations
United Nations 2012 Peace Operations Cover photos (clockwise from top): A member of MINURSO’s Military Liaison Office chats with a group of local Western Saharans, June 2010. (UN Photo/Martine Perret) Crowds of locals surround the recently-dispatched UN monitoring team as they walk through the streets of Homs, Syria, April 2012. (UN Photo/Neeraj Singh) Women taking part in traditional dances in Dili, Timor-Leste. (UNMIT/Bernardino Soares) A Ghanaian peacekeeper serving with the United Nations Mission in Liberia, on guard duty during a visit by the Special Representative Karin Landgren, in Cestos City, Liberia, November 2012. (UNMIL/Staton Winter) 2 Year in Review 2012 Table of Contents Introduction: Evolving to meet new challenges 1 Interview: Hervé Ladsous, Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations 2 Interview: Ameerah Haq, Under-Secretary-General for Field Support 4 Interview: Jeffrey Feltman, Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs 6 PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS MINURSO: Ensuring a path to safety 9 MINUSTAH: From reconstruction to stabilization 11 MONUSCO: Progress interrupted 13 UNAMID: Protection of civilians, peace process at the forefront 15 UNDOF: Challenged like never before 17 UNFICYP: A delicate balancing act in Cyprus 18 UNIFIL: Helping to stabilize a region in turmoil 20 UNISFA: Volatility to stability 22 UNMIK: Promoting dialogue and freedom of movement 24 UNMIL: Meeting challenges on the path to lasting peace 25 UNMISS: Ensuring the security of civilians 27 UNMIT: A story of successful cooperation 29 UNOCI: Scaling -
Peacekeepers Under Threat? Fatality Trends in UN Peace Operations
SIPRI Policy Brief September 2015 PEACEKEEPERS UNDER SUMMARY w It is often claimed that THREAT? FATALITY TRENDS contemporary United Nations peace operations perform their functions in increasingly IN UN PEACE OPERATIONS dangerous environments and jaïr van der lijn and timo smit are therefore more likely to suff er casualties than in previous years. Yet the data on INTRODUCTION in October 2014 that ‘peacekeepers deaths among UN peacekeepers between 1990 and 2015 in 21st century missions face indicates that fatalities have not Since the United Nations established unprecedented risks . because we its fi rst peacekeeping operation— become more frequent, neither are asking them . to take on more in absolute terms nor, almost 70 years ago—more than responsibilities in more places and 3300 people have died serving the especially, in relative terms. In in more complex confl icts than at fact, the rate of fatalities among UN in the pursuit of peace. On any time in history’.2 In addition, uniformed personnel in UN 29 May 2015, the International the High-Level Independent Panel peace operations has steadily Day of UN Peacekeepers, the Dag on UN Peace Operations stressed decreased in relative terms Hammarskjöld medal was awarded throughout its fi nal report issued since the early 1990s. While the posthumously to the 126 military in June 2015 that peacekeepers are number of hostile deaths personnel, police and civilians operating in increasingly dangerous (i.e. fatalities due to malicious who lost their lives in 2014 while and hostile settings, and that this acts) has increased somewhat in recent years, this is mainly due in the service of the UN. -
China's Contributions to United Nations
THE DRAGON WITH THE BLUE BERET: CHINA’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS by Daniel Hayes Griffith B.A., The University of Oregon, 2009 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Political Science) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) December 2010 © Daniel Hayes Griffith, 2010 Abstract Recently, academics and policy analysts alike have taken note of the People‘s Republic of China‘s increasing participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations (UNPKO). Since 2003, the overall number of Chinese personnel in UNPKO has climbed dramatically: from 120 in early 2003 to over 2,000 at present. However, while it is relatively easy to determine how many Chinese personnel serve in UNPKO, it is much more difficult to accurately determine China‘s motives for participation in the UN peacekeeping regime and its mission selection criteria. At present, there are three main schools of thought on this subject. Chinese officials and academics tend to argue that the PRC contributes to UNPKO because it is genuinely concerned about promoting international peace and security and alleviating human suffering. Other authors, primarily from the United States, argue that the PRC‘s motives are purely instrumental in nature. China, they contend, sends personnel to missions when doing so can increase the PRC‘s access to natural resources and markets or augment its overall diplomatic and military power. Finally, some authors vaguely contend that China‘s concerns over its international legitimacy play a role in its peacekeeping strategy. This thesis advances a new version of the international legitimacy explanation of Chinese peacekeeping participation.